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An introduction is presented in which the author discusses the issue theme of pulp literature, pulp magazines, and pulp films.

With a growing awareness of the association between extractive industries, the nature of work in remote locations, population mobility and health status, there is a need to advance an evidence-based approach to ensuring the health of migrant and mobile populations, and the home and host communities with whom they interact. Through a narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed and grey literature, this review examines what is known, and the nature of research activity concerning the range of health impacts determined by the social conditions inherent with population mobility alongside mining and extractive industries; and the extent to which health outcomes impact on workers, and home and host communities. While much of the literature reviewed in the study considered health in a traditional disease or illness based approach, it is clear that many risk factors for the health of mobile workers in the sector reflect broader social determinants. To support the mitigation of individual and population vulnerability to infectious disease endemics, consideration of both the etiology and the social conditions that give rise to adverse health outcomes is required, including an improvement to workers' living conditions, the expansion of diagnostic and medical services, and an approach that ensures the right to health for mobile populations. To further improve upon the rich body of research, resources are required to implement robust data collection including epidemiological surveillance, outbreak monitoring and investigation, and the long term tracking of standardized health information at both origin locations and destination communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes, ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RPhCH˭C(CN)CO2C2H5 (where R is 4-CH3CO2, 4-CH3CONH, 2-CN, 3-CN, 4-CN, 4-(CH3)2N, 4-(C2H5)2N, 2-C6H5CH2O-3-CH3O, 3-C6H5CH2O-4-CH3O, 4-C6H5CH2O-3-CH3O, 3,4-(C6H5CH2O)2, 4-F-3-C6H5O) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The monomers were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and ethyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene (M1) in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. The order of relative reactivity (1/r 1) for the monomers is 4-CN (0.46) > 2-CN (0.45) > 3-CN (0.44) > 4-(CH3)2N (0.37) > 4-CH3CO2 (0.36) > 4-CH3CONH (0.33) > 4-(C2H5)2N (0.27) > 2-C6H5CH2O-3-CH3O (0.24) = 3-C6H5CH2O-4-CH3O (0.24) = 4-C6H5CH2O-3-CH3O (0.24) = 4-F-3-C6H5O (0.24) > 3,4-(C6H5CH2O)2 (0.17). Relatively high Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in the 200–500°C range with residue (3–22% wt), which then decomposed in the 500-800°C range. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, ring-substituted methyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl2-propenoates, RC6H4CH=C(CN)CO2 CH3 (where R = H, 2-CH3, 3-CH3, 4-CH3, 2-C2H5, 4-C2H5, 4-iC3H7, 4-C4H9 and 2,4,6-(CH3)3), were synthesized by the piperidine-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and methyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR. Co-polymerization of the propenoates and vinyl acetate in solution with radical initiation (AIBN) at 70°C yielded equimolar alternating co-polymers. The composition of the co-polymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, GPC, DSC and TGA. The high Tg of the co-polymers in comparison with that of polyvinyl acetate indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the co-polymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the co-polymers decompose in the 214–400°C range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes, ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-3-phenyl-2-propenoates, RC6H4CH[dbnd]C(CN)CO2C2H5 (where R is 2-CH3, 3-CH3, 4-CH3, 2-OCH3, 3-OCH3, and 4-OCH3) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene (ST). The monomers were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and ethyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with ST (M1) in solution with radical initiation (AIBN) at 70°C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The order of relative reactivity (1/r1) for the monomers is 3-OCH3 (0.88) > 4-CH3 (0.71) > 2-OCH3 (0.68) > 3-CH3 (0.55) > 2-CH3 (0.47) > 4-OCH3 (0.40). Higher Tg of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the TSE structural unit. Gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 257–287°C range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]