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Background: The food‐rich environment in which we live makes the regulation of food choices a very complex phenomenon determined by many factors, as well as their interactions. Much evidence suggests that the sensory perception of food can be considered as a central factor affecting individual food choices. Despite this, the approaches used to study the various food aspects usually do not distinguish between different types of food. Methods: In the present study, a large and heterogeneous sample of 1149 participants aged 7–90 years was asked to judge food images that were labelled differently (i.e. Raw versus Cooked, Natural versus Transformed and Simple versus Complex) with respect to arousal, valence, typicality and familiarity. Results: We observed that, across food dimensions (i.e., Raw versus Cooked, Natural versus Transformed and Simple versus Complex), arousal, valence and typicality judgments were principally affected by a subjective hunger level and gender (and their interaction) and, to a lesser extent, by age. Conclusions: As a whole, our findings suggest that the level of transformation (which includes cooking) and the complexity of a foodstuff could at least partially affect food processing, entailing that future research should also address these features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Five novel bpca-based Cu(II) polynuclear coordination compounds [Hbpca=bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amine] were prepared using the [Cu(bpca)(H2O)2](NO3)·2H2O (1) building block and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. We have also isolated and characterized two new crystal forms of the starting species, with lower water contents. Three of the new products are dinuclear complexes obtained by reacting 1 with different rigid or flexible spacer ligands: [Cu2(bpca)2(H2O)2(bipy)](NO3)2·6H2O (2) (bipy=4,4′-bipyridine) and [Cu2(bpca)2(H2O)2(bpete)](NO3)2·xH2O (3) [bpete=(E)-1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane] are linear dumbbell-like species with Cu⋯Cu separations of 11.075 and 13.275Å, respectively. The third dinuclear compound, [Cu2(bpca)2(H2O)2(bpx)](NO3)2·8H2O (4) [bpx=1,4-bis((1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene], with the flexible bpx ligand, assumes an unusual S-shaped conformation and shows a quite shorter Cu⋯Cu contact of 6.869Å only. We have also obtained a chiral 1D neutral polymeric complex, [Cu3(bpca)2(bipy)3(NO3)4]·6H2O (5), that shows a central linear –Cu–bipy–Cu– chain, with all these Cu atoms connected to two lateral [Cu(bpca)(NO3)2]− groups on two opposite sides by means of bipy spacers. An unprecedented type of Cu(II) neutral trinuclear complex, [Cu3(bpca)2(H2O)2(NO3)2] (6), was obtained which has a centrosymmetric structure with two external [Cu(bpca)(NO3)2]− units chelating on a central copper atom via the two pairs of carbonyl groups of the bpca ligands. The central metal is octahedral with two axial water molecules, while the two lateral Cu atoms are in square pyramidal geometry; the Cu⋯Cu separation is 5.205Å. The magnetic properties of 6 have been rationalized through a ferromagnetic coupling between the central metal ion and the peripheral ones which are coupled by a smaller antiferromagnetic interaction. DFT calculations have been also performed in order to give a better insight into magnetic interactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Interpenetration in metal-organic and inorganic networks has been investigated by a systematic analysis of the crystallographic structural databases. We have used a version of TOPOS (a package for multipurpose crystallochemical analysis) adapted for searching for interpenetration and based on the concept of Voronoi–Dirichlet polyhedra and on the representation of a crystal structure as a reduced finite graph. In this paper, we report comprehensive lists of interpenetrating inorganic 3D structures from the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), inclusive of 144 Collection Codes for equivalent interpenetrating nets, analyzed on the basis of their topologies. Distinct Classes, corresponding to the different modes in which individual identical motifs can interpenetrate, have been attributed to the entangled structures. Interpenetrating nets of different nature as well as interpenetrating H-bonded nets were also examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An abstract of the lecture "Oral Administration of Calcidiol in the Treatment of Metabolic Bone Diseases," by S. Minisola et al. is presented.

Purpose As a progressive condition, glaucoma may impair health-related quality of life ( HRQoL), due to vision loss and other factors. This study evaluated HRQoL in a cohort of patients treated for primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG) and assessed its association with clinical features. Methods This was an Italian, multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study with the subgroup of newly diagnosed patients with POAG prospectively followed up for one year. Patients with previous or new diagnosis (or strong clinical suspicion) of POAG aged >18 years were considered eligible. Information was collected on demographic characteristics, medical history, clinical presentation and POAG treatments. HRQoL was measured using the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire ( NEI- VFQ-25) and Glaucoma Symptom Scale ( GSS). Subscale and total scores were obtained and a Pearson correlation coefficient between instruments' scores calculated. Results A total of 3227 patients were enrolled from 2012 to 2013 and 3169 were analysed. Mean age was 66.9 years. A total of 93.8% had a previous diagnosis (median duration: 8.0 years). Median values for mean deviation and pattern standard deviation were 3.9 and 3.6 dB, respectively. Mean scores on most subscales of the NEI- VFQ-25 exceeded 75.0 and mean GSS subscale scores ranged between 70.8 and 79.7 (with a total mean score of 74.8). HRQoL scores on both scales were significantly inversely associated with POAG severity. Conclusion In this large sample of Italians treated for POAG, disease severity was limited and HRQoL scores were high. QoL decreased with advancing disease severity. These findings confirm the role of vision loss in impairing QoL in POAG, underlying the importance of timely detection and appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tested wastewater effluents have similar organic matter fraction compositions. • Tested wastewater effluents have similar interference with micropollutant ozonation. • Strongest interference is observed at kO 3 values of 102 and 104 and 106 M−1 s−1. • Resin based organic matter fractions show differences in their interference. • Absorbance and fluorescence parameters correlate with micropollutant removals. Organic matter (OM) is the most important factor influencing the effectivity and efficiency of micropollutant (MP) ozonation in wastewater effluents. The importance of the quantity of OM is known, because of this, total organic carbon (TOC) is generally used to determine the required ozone dose for any water sample. Still, the effect of OM type on MP ozonation is not well understood. In this study, effluents from five wastewater treatment plants were collected and the organic matter in these effluents was fractionated using membranes (F1-4) and resin (HI, HOA, HON and HOB). Fractions were diluted to the same TOC concentration, spiked with MPs and ozonated at three ozone doses. Our results show that all five effluents had comparable OM compositions and similar MP removal, confirming the suitability of OM quantity (TOC) to compare the ozone requirements for wastewater effluents. From the 19 analysed MPs, three groups were identified that showed similar removal behaviour. The strongest differences between the groups were observed around MP ozone reactivities of 102, 104 and 106 M−1 s−1. This indicates the presence of three OM groups in the samples that interfere with the removal of different MPs. MP removal in the resin fraction HON were higher for MPs with high and medium ozone reactivity, indicating a low interference of OM in this fraction with MP ozonation. OM in the resin fractions HOA and HI showed higher interference with MP ozonation. Therefore, removing the HOA and HI fractions prior to ozonation would result in a lower required ozone dose and a more efficient removal of the MPs. MP removal correlated with the OM characteristics A300, SR and fluorescence component comp 2. These characteristics can be used as inline tools to predict the required ozone dose in water treatment plants. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]