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This is research aims at identifying the actors of contemporary transnational activism and the role of digital media for protests. Based on a literature review, two emblematic cases of transnational activism will be analyzed: the coordinated protests of 15 February 2003 against Iraq War; and the 2011 demonstrations in Egypt in the context of Arab Spring. The following questions will be explored in this literature review: 1) Who are the main actors behind these protests? 3) What makes these movements transnational? 2) How did they use social media? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzed a series of tweets published during the second round of the 2014 presidential elections in Brazil, in order to investigate the shared media and the electoral preference of citizens on Twitter. To that end, we developed a methodology and applied a manual analysis of content and sentiment to a sample of 1129 tweets (N = 1129) published at the time in order to identify which media were shared in each of the publications and the electoral preference between the two candidates expressed in the tweet. Our findings reinforce the idea that mainstream media is predominantly share don social media, but also that there is considerable presence (40%) of what we call "complementary media," which offer more partybased content during the campaign. Furthermore, both "audiences" in the analysis shared the same proportion of mainstream and complementary media, which denotes a pattern to be tested in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]