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The management of proximal humerus fractures (PHF) in adolescent has not been agreed upon. We aim to investigate the outcomes of PHF managed conservatively in adolescents. All shoulder radiographs performed in patients aged from 10 to 18 years and from 2008 to 2015 were reviewed. The radiological parameters, including anatomical side, Neer and Horwitz displacement grade, angulation and any residual deformities were recorded. Mail questionnaires based on the modified 15-Upper Extremities Functional Index (15-UEFI), with a maximum of 59 points, were sent out. The return of the completed anonymized questionnaire was considered as implied consent. 118 patients with a median age of 12 at the time of fracture were identified. The majority of the fractures were Neer and Horwitz grade I displacement and 3 children had Neer and Horwitz grade III and IV displacement. The median angulation was 25°. The median follow-up length was 26 days. 55 patients had residual angulation and 25 patients had worsened angulation. No non-union was identified. No patients underwent subsequent corrective surgeries. 35 patients responded to the questionnaire. The median 15-UEFI was 59 points. None of the patients have contacted the research or clinical team regarding any concerns. The vast majority of non-displaced and minimally displaced PHF in adolescent were managed conservatively in our unit. The functional outcomes for this cohort remain excellent even for those with residual deformities in the follow-up radiographs. Further large prospective multicenter studies on adolescent cohort with significantly displaced PHF are warranted. • The proximal humeral epiphysis in children has substantial remodelling capability. • Minimally displaced proximal humerus fractures can be treated conservatively. • Further large prospective multicenter studies on adolescent cohort are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We present our experience and established management strategy for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in diagnosing suspected pancreatic neoplasms at a tertiary referral cancer hospital. Method Relevant data were extracted from our database for patients who underwent EUS-FNA for suspected pancreatic neoplasms at our institution between 2007 and 2016. Results Among the 309 patients, the median age was 67 years and 56% were men. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (37%) and jaundice (29%). Concordance between radiographic diagnosis and final pathology was 89%. The mean lesion size was 34.9 mm on computed tomography and 31.5 mm on EUS. There were 197 patients (64%) with localized disease, of whom 115 (58%) had resectable lesions, 61 (31%) had borderline resectable, and 21 (11%) had unresectable lesions (mean CA 19-9 levels 1705 U/mL, 2490 U/mL, and 479 U/mL, respectively). A median of 3 FNA passes were performed to establish a pathologic diagnosis. Two patients (1%) had postprocedural adverse events. Median overall survival was 47 months in those who underwent surgery after EUS and 12 months in those who did not (P<0.001). Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach is employed for management of suspected pancreatic neoplasm at our tertiary cancer center. A combination of cross-sectional imaging and EUS-FNA serves as a highly effective duo in establishing a tissue diagnosis and staging with a low adverse event rate. Counterintuitively, CA 19-9 is not necessarily higher with resectable lesions than with unresectable lesions, indicating the limitation of CA 19-9 as a pancreatic tumor marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murine translational models are an important tool to understand pain pathophysiology. One procedure used frequently in murine research is the sciatic nerve block. This study sought to demonstrate the use of ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block in a cadaveric murine model. A total of 40 injections were performed in 20 Sprague–Dawley male 18-month-old rat cadavers. Necropsy was performed to identify staining of the sciatic nerve. Staining with methylene blue occurred in 40 of 40 ultrasound-guided injections. The extremely accurate nature of this block under ultrasound guidance is favorable for future translational studies in rats undergoing sciatic nerve blocks. This method may represent a significant improvement in current methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measured the length of the Venus sidereal day (LOD) from Earth-based radar observations collected from 1988 to 2017, using offsets in surface feature longitudes from a prediction based on a 243.0185d period derived from analysis of Magellan mission images over a 487-day interval. We derive a mean LOD over 29 years of 243.0212 ± 0.0006d. Our result is consistent with earlier estimates (but with smaller uncertainties), including those based on offsets between Venus Express infrared mapping data and Magellan topography that suggest a mean LOD of 243.0228 ± 0.002d over a 16-year interval. We cannot detect subtle, short-term oscillations in rate, but the derived value provides an excellent fit to observational data over a 29-year period that can be used for future landing-site planning. • The rotation period of Venus is measured from changes in surface feature positions over time. • We use Earth-based radar images from 1988 to 2017 to map surface feature locations. • The average length of day over that 29-year period is 243.0212 ± 0.0006d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary views of the federal judicial appointment process are grounded in themes of obstruction and gridlock. Within this environment, interest groups find fertile ground to target, and sometimes successfully oppose, judicial nominees that once automatically moved through the appointment process and ended in confirmation. While interest group involvement and influence is an accepted fact, much less is known about the efficacy of these groups in carrying out their objective of correctly identifying ideological outlier nominees. This article asks the question: Do interest groups correctly identify and target nominees who are ideological outliers? The article implements a research design that evaluates whether those nominees opposed by interest groups are substantively different than arguably similar but unopposed nominees. The article adopts alternative theories of interest group motivations within the screening role: 1) policy promotion, and 2) group maintenance. Using matched-pair cohorts from the population of Clinton and W. Bush Administration appointments to the United States Courts of Appeals the article compares the dissenting behavior of the matched pairs. The expectation is that, if interest groups are correctly opposing outlier nominees, those who are confirmed despite opposition, should demonstrate outlier behaivor in decision making, particularly in their dissenting behavior. Do opposing interest groups accurately identify the most ideologically extreme nominees? The answer is a discernible no. We conclude that there are no substantive differences between the dissenting behavior of targeted and untargeted nominees. Perhaps more interesting, the true relationship might actually be reversed, and controversial nominees are less likely to dissent (and to dissent in salient policy issue areas), than similar non-controversial nominees. These findings call into question the function of interest groups in the confirmation process. The assumption is that these groups are identifying ideological outliers and taking steps to prevent those nominees from being confirmed. This article undermines that thesis and proposes that groups actually target nominees in a way that best serves to increase the membership and financial well-being of the group instead. "[M]ore than ever before, judicial selection is prone to manipulation by forces outside the Senate, especially mobilization and counter-mobilization by organized interests."1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variation in source areas and source types of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition to high-elevation ecosystems in the Rocky Mountains were evaluated using spatially and temporally distributed N isotope data from atmospheric deposition networks for 1995-2016. This unique dataset links N in wet deposition and snowpack to mobile and stationary emissions sources, and enhances understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic activities and environmental policies that mitigate effects of accelerated N cycling across the Rocky Mountain region. δ 15 N−NO 3 − at 50 U.S. Geological Survey Rocky Mountain Snowpack (Snowpack) sites ranged from −3.3‰ to +6.5‰, with a mean value of +1.4‰. At 15 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)/National Trends Network wet deposition (NADP Wetfall) sites, summer δ 15 N−NO 3 − is significantly lower ranging from −7.6‰ to −1.3‰ while winter δ 15 N−NO 3 − ranges from −2.6‰ to +5.5‰, with a mean value of +0.7‰ during the cool season. The strong seasonal difference in NADP Wetfall δ 15 N−NO 3 − is due in part to variation in the proportion of N originating from source regions at different times of the year due to seasonal changes in weather patterns. Snowpack NO 3 − and δ 15 N−NO 3 − are significantly related to NADP Wetfall (fall and winter) suggesting that bulk snowpack samples provide a reliable estimate at high elevations. Spatial trends show higher NO 3 − concentrations and δ 15 N−NO 3 − in the Southern Rocky Mountains located near larger anthropogenic N emission sources compared to the Northern Rocky Mountains. NADP Wetfall δ 15 N−NH 4 + ranged from −10‰ to 0‰, with no observed spatial pattern. However, the lowest δ 15 N−NH 4 + (−9‰), and the highest NH 4 + concentration (35 μeq/L) were observed at a Utah site dominated by local agricultural activities, whereas the higher δ 15 N−NH 4 + observed in Colorado and Wyoming are likely due to mixed sources, including fossil fuel combustion and agricultural sources. These findings show spatial and seasonal variation in N isotope data that reflect differences in sources of anthropogenic N deposition to high-elevation ecosystems and have important implications for environmental policy across the Rocky Mountain region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the fact that Freud's self-analysis was at the centre of so many of his discoveries, self-analysis remains a complex, controversial and elusive exercise. While self-analysis is often seen as emerging at the end of an analysis and then used as a criteria in assessing the suitability for termination, I try to attend to the patient's resistance to self-analysis throughout an analysis. I take the view that the development of the patient's capacity for self-analysis within the analytic session contributes to the patient's growth and their creative and independent thinking during the analysis, which prepares him or her for a fuller life after the formal analysis ends. The model I will present is based on an over lapping of the patient's and the analyst's self-analysis, with recognition and use of the analyst's counter-transference. My focus is on the analyst's self-analysis that is in response to a particular crisis of not knowing, which results in feeling intellectually and emotionally stuck. This paper is not a case study, but a brief look at the process I went through to arrive at a particular interpretation with a particular patient during a particular session. I will concentrate on resistances in which both patient and analyst initially rely upon what is consciously known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study of a violent young man called Stan is presented to understand the nature and function of his violence as he negotiated his way through anxieties about heterosexuality and passivity stimulated by his adolescence. Stan’s early history and the clinical material are used to illustrate Armando Ferrari’s concept of the Concrete Original Object. As his psychotherapy progressed he utilised his talent for drawing to sublimate his violent activity into violent images, which, in turn, enabled him to reflect on his anxieties. Stan’s violence subsided and he was able to engage in a vocation and develop a long-term relationship with a woman. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the developing convergence between the police and the military, two institutions American society has traditionally separated to safeguard civil liberty. The analysis results in three main conclusions. First, when viewed in a broader sociopolitical context, the current convergence is less singular than it appears, with such overlaps occurring periodically in the past. Second, organisational mimicry offers a conceptual framework for understanding the current convergence. Third, the convergence remains a significant political development, requiring further organisational and social assessment. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of a potential alternative to the convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We quantify the trade-off between the scope of dictatorial power and (1) the extent to which social orderings are transitive and (2) the extent to which the domain has the free triple property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combine Earth-based radar maps of Venus from the 1988 and 2012 inferior conjunctions, which had similar viewing geometries. Processing of both datasets with better image focusing and co-registration techniques, and summing over multiple looks, yields maps with 1–2 km spatial resolution and improved signal to noise ratio, especially in the weaker same-sense circular (SC) polarization. The SC maps are unique to Earth-based observations, and offer a different view of surface properties from orbital mapping using same-sense linear (HH or VV) polarization. Highland or tessera terrains on Venus, which may retain a record of crustal differentiation and processes occurring prior to the loss of water, are of great interest for future spacecraft landings. The Earth-based radar images reveal multiple examples of tessera mantling by impact “parabolas” or “haloes”, and can extend mapping of locally thick material from Magellan data by revealing thinner deposits over much larger areas. Of particular interest is an ejecta deposit from Stuart crater that we infer to mantle much of eastern Alpha Regio. Some radar-dark tessera occurrences may indicate sediments that are trapped for longer periods than in the plains. We suggest that such radar information is important for interpretation of orbital infrared data and selection of future tessera landing sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of caffeine from energy drinks occurs against a background exposure from naturally occurring caffeine (coffee, tea, cocoa and foods containing these ingredients) and caffeinated beverages (kola-type soft drinks). Background caffeine exposure, excluding energy drinks, was assessed for six New Zealand population groups aged 15 years and over (n = 4503) by combining concentration data for 53 caffeine-containing foods with consumption information from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey (ANS). Caffeine exposure for those who consumed energy drinks (n = 138) was similarly assessed, with inclusion of energy drinks. Forty-seven energy drink products were identified on the New Zealand market in 2010. Product volumes ranged from 30 to 600 ml per unit, resulting in exposures of 10–300 mg caffeine per retail unit consumed. A small percentage, 3.1%, of New Zealanders reported consuming energy drinks, with most energy drink consumers (110/138) drinking one serving per 24 h. The maximum number of energy drinks consumed per 24 h was 14 (total caffeine of 390 mg). A high degree of brand loyalty was evident. Since only a minor proportion of New Zealanders reported consuming energy drinks, a greater number of New Zealanders exceeded a potentially adverse effect level (AEL) of 3 mg kg−1bw day−1for caffeine from caffeine-containing foods than from energy drinks. Energy drink consumption is not a risk at a population level because of the low prevalence of consumption. At an individual level, however, teenagers, adults (20–64 years) and females (16–44 years) were more likely to exceed the AEL by consuming energy drinks in combination with caffeine-containing foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist social choice rules for which every manipulation benefits everyone. This paper constructs a large variety of rules with this property and provides two characterizations of such rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this single case study, I will address the question of how incestuous sexual abuse causes doubt of three distinct types: (1) honest doubt that is essential to the pursuit of knowledge; (2) inherent doubt that can result from a trauma that leaves the victim's mind fragmented and confused; and (3) the sadistic imposition of doubt intended to deceive, disorient and attack unbearable knowledge in the victim or another person familiar with the abuse (in this case, the analyst and the victim's later victims). During the course of my psychoanalysis of a paedophile, it became clear that this third form of doubt played an integral role in the patient's sexual abuse of children, a role I will link to the nature and function of paedophilia and to the experience of working psychoanalytically with a paedophile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 has been described as the "crown jewel" of the Civil Rights Movement. The success of the Act to remove official obstacles to voting is undeniable, and the influx of African American voters into the political system changed the nature of politics in the United States at all levels. The political and cultural context has changed so greatly that in 2006, it was politically possible for the President Bush's Justice Department to bring the first claim against an African American for violating the voting rights of white citizens. This article seeks to explain how this suit was possible by the opening up of "enforcement space" on the Justice Department's agenda. The article also warns that African American politicians today should be concerned that traditional methods of proving discriminatory intent under the Voting Rights Act could be perversely harmful by allowing statements made during the civil rights era to be used against them in a Voting Rights Act suit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: is infinite and social preference is quasitransitive. Subset of is sufficient for if and can be socially ordered with individual preference information over alone. If there is an integer such that every pair of alternatives has a sufficient set with at most members then for arbitrarily large finite subsets of there is a rich subdomain of profiles within which a reduction in the amount of veto power must be accompanied by an equal increase in the fraction of pairs that are restricted, in that strict social preference prevails in only one direction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Clinical handover is an essential process occurring at many levels of inpatient care. Multiple studies within a hospital setting have identified that a breakdown in the handover process can lead to poor patient outcomes and serious adverse events. The use of electronic handover tools is an intervention identified to decrease errors in clinical care arising from poor handover practice. An electronic handover tool was implemented in a general medical unit in a metropolitan tertiary hospital setting. The program was written by a Medical Professional who also used the tool. The program was evaluated with a pre- and post-intervention survey within the medical, allied health and nursing staff members of the multidisciplinary teams. The use of the Electronic Handover program resulted in improved satisfaction of the handover process within the medical, nursing and allied health professions. This trial demonstrates that an electronic handover program can be successfully integrated into normal medical work practice, resulting in positive outcomes for a multidisciplinary staff team. Further work is required to determine whether patient outcomes are improved as a result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A strict social welfare function (SSWF) that always yields an asymmetric binary relation with a single maximal alternative induces a social choice rule on its domain. It is known that if the induced rule is strategy-proof then it can also be generated by a SSWF satisfying non-reversal. This paper proves that a SSWF satisfying anonymity and IIA satisfies non-reversal if and only if it is a weighted voting rule. If there are less than six voters then a SSWF satisfying neutrality and IIA satisfies non-reversal if and only if it is a weighted voting rule, but this equivalence does not hold for more than five voters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose – The aim of this exploratory study is to assess the impact of role clarity and concern for the other party's goals on soldiers' negotiations with members of the local population within a combat zone. Design/methodology/approach – Following the Dual Concerns Model it was hypothesized that soldiers experiencing high concern for the needs of their Iraqi counterparts would engage in: higher levels of problem solving behavior; report greater trust in their counterparts; and reach more mutually satisfying agreements under conditions of role clarity relative to role ambiguity. A total of 42 officers and non-commissioned officers serving in Iraq participated in the study. Findings – The results supported the prediction that role clarity moderates the relationship between concern for the other party's needs and various outcomes of the negotiation process. Research limitations/implications – The study involved a small convenience sample, cross-sectional design, and a single source of data for all measures. Nonetheless, the results are consistent with other studies examining the theoretical assumptions of the Dual Concern Model and suggest that role clarity may serve as a useful operationalization of high self-concern and high resistance to yielding. Originality/value – The study advances knowledge about soldiers' ability to negotiate mutually satisfying agreements with members of the local population. It points to the need to combine a policy of collaboration with local civilians with the communication of a clear set of overall mission and specific negotiation goals and objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military and police professions share a number of common facets, but in spite of surface similarities, the two professions are significantly different. Consequently, the evidence indicating a convergence of primary aspects of the two roles presages an important societal development, with substantial implications on several levels. Thus, this article has several objectives. First, it reviews the evidence indicating role convergence, that is, evidence that significant segments of police operations in the United States have taken on military characteristics; and evidence indicating that many U.S. military initiatives have taken on policing characteristics. Next, using the notion of internal and external role-change "drivers," it examines how such role shifts occur and considers some political and legal implications of the shift. Third, the article compares the role orientations and job demands of both professions, identifying the important differences inherent in the two roles and presenting an analysis of the occupational implications of role convergence for job holders, job evaluators, and job "clients" (i.e., ordinary citizens). The last section considers the implications of role convergence for role management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Previous work has demonstrated that replacing individual arginine (R) residues in the S4 domain of Kv4.3 with alanine (A) not only altered activation and deactivation processes, but also those of closed-state inactivation (CSI) and recovery. R → A mutants eliminated individual positive charge while substantially reducing side chain volume and hydrophilic character. Their novel effects on gating may thus have been the result of electrostatic and/or structural perturbations. To address this issue, and to gain further insights into the roles that S4 plays in the regulation of Kv4.3 gating transitions, we comparatively analyzed arginine to glutamine (R → Q) mutations at positions 290, 293, and 296. This maneuver maintained positive charge elimination of the R → A mutants, while partially restoring native side chain volume and hydrophilic properties. R → A and R → Q mutant pairs produced similar effects on the forward gating process of activation. In contrast, significant differences between the two substitutions were discovered on deactivation, CSI, and recovery, with the R → Q mutants partially restoring wild type characteristics. Our results argue that modification of individual S4 residue properties may result in altered localized interactions within unique microenvironments encountered during forward and reverse gating transitions. As such, predominant effects appear on the reverse gating transitions of deactivation and recovery. These results are consistent with the proposal that arginine residues in S4 are involved in regulating Kv4.3 CSI and recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The S4 transmembrane domain in Shaker (Kv1) voltage-sensitive potassium channels has four basic residues (R1-R4) that are responsible for carrying the majority of gating charge. In Kv4 channels, however, R1 is replaced by a neutral valine at position 287. Among other differences, Kv4 channels display prominent closed state inactivation, a mechanism which is minimal in Shaker. To determine if the absence of R1 is responsible for important variation in gating characteristics between the two channel types, we introduced the V287R mutant into Kv4.3 and analyzed its effects on several voltage sensitive gating transitions. We found that the mutant increased the voltage sensitivity of steady-state activation and altered the kinetics of activation and deactivation processes. Although the kinetics of macroscopic inactivation were minimally affected, the characteristics of closed-state inactivation and recovery from open and closed inactivated states were significantly altered. The absence of R1 can only partially account for differences in the effective voltage sensitivity of gating between Shaker and Kv4.3. These results suggest that the S4 domain serves an important functional role in Kv4 channel activation and deactivation processes, and also those of closed-state inactivation and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe new 70-cm wavelength radar images of the lunar near-side and limb regions obtained via a synthetic- aperture-radar patch-focusing reduction technique. The data are obtained by transmitting a circularly polarized pulsed waveform from the Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico and receiving the echo in both senses of circular polarization with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia. The resultant images in both polarizations have a spatial resolution as fine as 320 m x 450 m near the lunar limb. The patch-focusing technique is a computationally efficient method for compensating for range migration and Doppler (azimuth) smearing over long coherence times, i.e., 983 s, which is needed to achieve the required Doppler resolution. Three to nine looks are averaged for speckle reduction and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At this long wavelength, the radar signal penetrates up to several tens of meters into the dry lunar surface materials, thus revealing details of the bulk loss properties and decimeter-scale rock abundance not evident in multispectral and other remote-sensing data. Application of the new radar images to the analysis of basalt flow complexes in Mare Serenitatis shows that the long-wavelength radar data are sensitive to differences in both flow age and composition, and may be particularly useful for studies of smaller deposits that do not have robust crater statistics. The new 70-cm lunar radar data are archived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planetary Data System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular and biophysical mechanisms by which voltage-sensitive K+ (Kv)4 channels inactivate and recover from inactivation are presently unresolved. There is a general consensus, however, that Shaker-like N- and P/C-type mechanisms are likely not involved. Kv4 channels also display prominent inactivation from preactivated closed states [closed-state inactivation (CSI)], a process that appears to be absent in Shaker channels. As in Shaker channels, voltage sensitivity in Kv4 channels is thought to be conferred by positively charged residues localized to the fourth transmembrane segment (S4) of the voltage-sensing domain. To investigate the role of S4 positive charge in Kv4.3 gating transitions, we analyzed the effects of charge elimination at each positively charged arginine (R) residue by mutation to the uncharged residue alanine (A). We first demonstrated that R290A, R293A, R296A, and R302A mutants each alter basic activation characteristics consistent with positive charge removal. We then found strong evidence that recovery from inactivation is coupled to deactivation, showed that the precise location of the arginine residues within S4 plays an important role in the degree of development of CSI and recovery from CSI, and demonstrated that the development of CSI can be sequentially uncoupled from activation by R296A, specifically. Taken together, these results extend our current understanding of Kv4.3 gating transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For four alternatives and an even number of individuals, we prove a conjecture in a companion paper: It is impossible for a social choice rule to satisfy all of (1) Pareto, (2) anonymity, (3) full domain, and (4) independence of some alternative, a relaxation of Arrow’s IIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presence of Pareto, non-dictatorship, full domain, and transitivity, an extremely weak independence condition disallows both anonymity and neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis on the "one size fits all" economic assumption set forth in the Federal Trade Commission 1922 Horizontal Merger Guidelines (Guidelines) in the U.S. The one size fits all is an initial step on defining the relevant product and geographic markets and then calculating concentration ratios using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) in the Guidelines. Moreover, the assumption implicit in the Guidelines' one size fits all approach concentrates on market definition exercises, were it calibrates markets for comparability through the hypothetical monopolist test. Thus, prevents the creation or enhancement of market power. However, writings on critical elasticity implies no direct relationship between concentration and market power, thus, requires market elasticity.

During a pre-suicide state, the enactment of a suicide fantasy is the motive force. The nature and function of a suicide fantasy is explored in this paper in the context of the impact of puberty on the female body image and against the background of the pre-Oedipal and Oedipal father's relationship with his daughter. Case material from the analysis of an adolescent girl is presented to illustrate the crucial role of the father, in the transference, prior to a suicide attempt.La force motrice qui sous-tend l'état pré-suicidaire est la mise en acte d'un fantasme suicidaire. Cet article explore la nature et la fonction du fantasme suicidaire dans le contexte de l'impact, chez une adolescente, de la puberté sur son image du corps avec, en toile de fond, la relation que le père, préœdipien et œdipien, entretient avec sa fille. Un matériel clinique extrait de l'analyse d'une adolescente est présentée afin d'illustrer le rôle crucial du père au sein du transfert avant la tentative de suicide.Mots-clés: État pré-suicidaire, fantasme suicidaire, puberté et image du corps chez la fille, père préœdipien et œdipien, transfert, contre-transfertRiassunto: Durante lo stato pre-suicidio, il motivo forza è la messa in atto di una fantasia di suicidio. Nell'articolo viene esplorata la natura e la funzione della fantasia di suicidio considerando l'impatto della pubertà sull'immagine del corpo femminile e sullo sfondo di una relazione pre-edipica ed edipica del padre con sua figlia. Viene presentato il materiale dall'analisi di una adolescente per illustrare il ruolo cruciale del padre, nel transfert, precedente al tentato suicidio.Parole chiave: stato pre-suicidio, fantasia di suicidio, immagine corporale femminile e della pubertà, padre pre-edipico ed edipico, transfert, contro-transfertWährend eines prä-suiziden Zustands, ist das Ausagieren einer Suizidphantasie die motivierende Kraft. Die Eigenschaft und Funktion einer Suizidphantasie wird in diesem Artikel im Zusammenhang mit dem Einfluss der Pubertät auf das weibliche Körperbild und mit dem Hintergrund der prä-ödiplaen und ödipalen Beziehung des Vaters zu seiner Tochter exploriert. Es wird Fallmaterial aus der Analyse eines adoleszenten Mädchens vorgestellt, um die wichtige Rolle des Vaters in der Übertragung vor einem Suizidversuch zu illustrieren.Keywords: Prä-suizider Zustand, Suizidphantasie, Pubertät und das weibliche Körperbild, prä-ödiplaer und ödipaler Vater, Übertragung, Gegenübertragung [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The south polar region of the Moon contains areas permanently shadowed from solar illumination, which may provide cold traps for volatiles such as water ice. Previous radar studies have emphasized the search for diagnostic polarization signatures of thick ice in areas close to the pole, but near-surface regolith properties and regional geology are also important to upcoming orbital studies of the shadowed terrain. To study regional regolith variations, we collected 70-cm wavelength, 450-m resolution, dual-circular polarization radar data for latitudes 60–90° S using the Arecibo and Greenbank telescopes. The circular polarization ratio, , is sensitive to differences in rock abundance at the surface and up to tens of m below the surface, depending upon the regolith loss tangent. We observe significant variations in , attributed to changes in the surface and subsurface rock population, across the south polar highlands. Concentric haloes of low polarization ratio surrounding Hausen, Moretus, and other young craters represent rock-poor ejecta layers. Values of up to ∼1 occur in the floors and near-rim deposits of Eratosthenian and Copernican craters, consistent with abundant rocky ejecta and/or fractured impact melt. Enhanced values also correspond to areas mapped as Orientale-derived, plains-forming material [Wilhelms, D.E., Howard, K.A., Wilshire, H.G., 1979. USGS Map I-1162], and similar polarization properties characterize the permanently shadowed floors of craters Faustini and Shoemaker. Small areas of very high (>1.5) circular polarization ratio occur on shadowed and seasonally sunlit terrain, and appear to be associated with small craters. We suggest that regolith in low-lying areas near the south pole is characterized by a significant impact melt component from Orientale, which provides a source for excavation of the block-rich ejecta around small craters observed in this and earlier radar studies. The lower portion of the interior wall of Shackleton crater, permanently shadowed from the sun but visible from Earth, is not significantly different in 70-cm scattering properties from diurnally/seasonally sunlit areas of craters with similar morphology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Any social welfare function f—whether transitive-valued or not—induces a social choice function g as follows: If at profile p in the domain of f there is a feasible alternative x that is “strictly greater than” every other feasible alternative according to f(p) then we set g(p)= x. The domain of g is the set of all such profiles p, whether or not f(p) is acyclic. We specify a condition on a social welfare function that is necessary and sufficient for the induced social choice rule to be invulnerable to manipulation by any individual or coalition, and we generalize to an arbitrary collection of coalitions—including the family of singleton coalitions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

At least two functionally distinct transient outward K+ current ( Ito) phenotypes can exist across the free wall of the left ventricle (LV). Based upon their voltage-dependent kinetics of recovery from inactivation, these two phenotypes are designated ‘ Ito,fast’ (recovery time constants on the order of tens of milliseconds) and ‘ Ito,slow’ (recovery time constants on the order of thousands of milliseconds). Depending upon species, either Ito,fast, Ito,slow or both current phenotypes may be expressed in the LV free wall. The expression gradients of these two Ito phenotypes across the LV free wall are typically heterogeneous and, depending upon species, may consist of functional phenotypic gradients of both Ito,fast and Ito,slow and/or density gradients of either phenotype. We review the present evidence (molecular, biophysical, electrophysiological and pharmacological) for Kv4.2/4.3 α subunits underlying LV Ito,fast and Kv1.4 α subunits underlying LV Ito,slow and speculate upon the potential roles of each of these currents in determining frequency-dependent action potential characteristics of LV subepicardial versus subendocardial myocytes in different species. We also review the possible functional implications of (i) ancillary subunits that regulate Kv1.4 and Kv4.2/4.3 (Kvβ subunits, DPPs), (ii) KChIP2 isoforms, (iii) spider toxin-mediated block of Kv4.2/4.3 ( Heteropoda toxins, phrixotoxins), and (iv) potential mechanisms of modulation of Ito,fast and Ito,slow by cellular redox state, [Ca2+]i and kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Ito phenotypic activation and state-dependent gating models and molecular structure–function relationships are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Variability in atmospheric deposition across the Rocky Mountains is influenced by elevation, slope, aspect, and precipitation amount and by regional and local sources of air pollution. To improve estimates of deposition in mountainous regions, maps of average annual atmospheric deposition loadings of nitrate, sulfate, and acidity were developed for the Rocky Mountains by using spatial statistics. A parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM) was incorporated to account for variations in precipitation amount over mountainous regions. Chemical data were obtained from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network and from annual snowpack surveys conducted by the US Geological Survey and National Park Service, in cooperation with other Federal, State and local agencies. Surface concentration maps were created by ordinary kriging in a geographic information system, using a local trend and mathematical model to estimate the spatial variance. Atmospheric-deposition maps were constructed at 1-km resolution by multiplying surface concentrations from the kriged grid and estimates of precipitation amount from the PRISM model. Maps indicate an increasing spatial trend in concentration and deposition of the modeled constituents, particularly nitrate and sulfate, from north to south throughout the Rocky Mountains and identify hot-spots of atmospheric deposition that result from combined local and regional sources of air pollution. Highest nitrate (2.5–3.0 kg/ha N) and sulfate (10.0–12.0 kg/ha SO4) deposition is found in northern Colorado. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Arecibo radar observations of Titan at 13-centimeter wavelength indicate that most of the echo power is in a diffusely scattered component but that a small specular component is present for about 75% of the subearth locations observed. These specular echoes have properties consistent with those expected for areas of liquid hydrocarbons. Knowledge of the areal extent and depth of any deposits of liquid hydrocarbons could strongly constrain the history of Titan's atmosphere and surface.

We investigated the long-term outcome of patients requiring tracheostomy in an intensive care unit (ICU) in an attempt to identify risk factors that would indicate a low probability of early decannulation. A retrospective study was conducted of a consecutive series of 106 patients who underwent tracheostomy in the period between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2001, during their admission to the ICU at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. There were 61 male and 39 female patients with a median age of 65 years. The indications for tracheostomy were prolonged mechanical ventilation (47), tracheobronchial toilet or risk of aspiration (45), and an unstable or obstructed airway (8). Thirty-seven patients died during the study period. All surviving patients were successfully decannulated (median cannulation time, 25 days). Patients with tracheostomies inserted for an unstable or obstructed airway had a significantly shorter cannulation time (median time of 13 days) as compared to the other two indications (mechanical ventilation, 25 days; risk of aspiration, 33 days; log-rank test, χ²(2) = 14.62 and p = .0007). Multivariate analysis showed that the effect of an unstable or obstructed airway was independent of the remaining group variables. We conclude that ICU patients who need a tracheostomy have a high mortality rate. Only the indication for tracheostomy insertion predicts early decannulation, and other patient variables are not significant predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variation and selection form of explanation can be prescinded from the evolutionary biology home ground in which it was discovered and for which it has been most developed. When this is done, variation and selection explanations are found to have potential application to a wide range of phenomena, far beyond the classical biological ground and the contemporary extensions into epistemological domains. It appears as the form of explanation most suited to phenomena of fit . It is also found to participate in multiple interesting relationships with other forms of explanation. We proceed with an examination of multiple kinds of phenomena, interrelationships with other members of the family of forms of explanation, and some novel applications even within the home ground of evolutionary biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The primary aim of treatments for COPD is to improve health-related quality of life. However, little is known of the clustering effects related to health-related quality of life as an outcome measure. If clustering effects are observed, these have important implications for sample size estimates when cluster randomization is used in interventional studies. This study aimed to determine the intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) of the quality of life, between hospitals for COPD patients. Methodology: The Dyspnoea Impact and Symptoms Questionnaire was administered to 100 COPD inpatients from four public hospitals (25 from each) around metropolitan Melbourne, selected on the basis that they had not had any major programs implemented within the last 2 years that aimed to improve the management of COPD. Data were collected concerning demographic and socioeconomic variables and comorbidities. Results: The highest ICC value for a health-related quality of life subscale was 0.02 (psychological score), while the highest for a symptom-based subscale was 0.04. Conclusions: There is minimal clustering effect of quality of life in COPD patients between the hospitals studied. Despite this, when using a cluster randomised design the sample size needed to detect the same effect as a study using simple randomisation could be inflated by up to 183%. If cluster randomization is required, the average cluster size should be kept as small as possible to negate this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A social welfare function is Arrovian if it is transitive-valued and satisfies IIA. We examine the logical relation between the statements (A) If f is Arrovian with domain &Pscr; then it is dictatorial if it satisfies the Pareto criterion and (W) If f is Arrovian with domain &Pscr; then it is dictatorial or inversely dictatorial if it is non-null and satisfies non-imposition. We exhibit a class of domains on which W implies A and another on which A implies W. We also present examples of domains on which one of the statements is true and the other is false. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The snowpack in the vicinity of the Mount Zirkel Wilderness Area is among the most acidic in the western United States. We analyzed water chemistry and examined hatching success in tiger salamanders and chorus frogs at ponds there and at nearby Rabbit Ears Pass (Dumont) to determine whether acid deposition affects amphibians or their breeding habitats at these potentially sensitive locations. We found a wide range of acid neutralizing capacity among ponds within sites; the minimum pH recorded during the experiment was 5.4 at one of 12 ponds with all others at pH ≥ 5.7. At Dumont, hatching success for chorus frogs was greater in ponds with low acid neutralizing capacity; however, lowest pHs were > 5.8. At current levels of acid deposition, weather and pond characteristics are likely more important than acidity in influencing hatching success in amphibian larvae at these sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the goals of the Robinson-Patman Act in the ruling of the case involving J. Truett Payne Co. versus Chrysler Motors Corp. in the U.S. Investigation on the antitrust liability of the defendant; Penalty for the antitrust violations; Ruling of the Supreme Court on the antitrust damages of the defendant.

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of pretreatment Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric ulcer healing rates in patients receiving nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antisecretory medications.METHODS:This was a pooled, prospective analysis of two identical double blind, multicenter, parallel group studies. Six hundred ninety-two patients receiving NSAIDs and with endoscopy-documented gastric ulcers were enrolled from 90 North American sites in primary care and referral centers. Patients were randomized to receive ranitidine (150 mg b.i.d.) or lansoprazole (15 mg or 30 mg once daily) for 8 wk. Ulcer healing was assessed by endoscopy at 4 and 8 wk in an intent-to-treat population. H. pylori status was determined at baseline by histology.RESULTS:Across all three treatment groups, gastric ulcers were more likely to heal and heal faster if the individual was infected with H. pylori. Healing rates at 8 wk were statistically significantly greater among H. pylori positive patients (n = 181) than among negative patients (n = 497) (70% vs 61%, respectively; p < 0.05), especially among those with large ulcers (>10 mm) and in younger patients (<60 yr old). Simple healing rates (regardless of H. pylori status) were significantly better in the 15- and 30-mg lansoprazole groups than in the ranitidine group after 4 wk (46%, 54%, and 32%, respectively; p ≤ 0.01) and 8 wk (66%, 74%, and 50%, respectively; p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:In patients receiving NSAIDs, gastric ulcer healing with an antisecretory agent is significantly enhanced in the presence of H. pylori infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Compares the safety and symptom relief efficacy of the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole with ranitidine in the treatment of nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Occurrence of heartburn after treatment; Pain severity; Antacid use; Incidene of possible or probable treatment-related adverse reactions. INSET: STUDY DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND METHODS..

Shows the superiority of proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole over ranitidine in healing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated gastric ulcers in North America. Low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with NSAID-associated gastric ulcers; Impact of H. pylori infection on ulcer healing; Adverse effects of NSAID.

Presents information on a study which described the theoretical background, experimental setup and processing techniques for a sequence of observation models of the polar areas and other small regions. Approach to several problems in lunar science and comparative planetology; Imaging and interferometry in planetary radar; Conclusions.

Abstract. We investigate the implications of relaxing Arrow's independence of irrelevant alternatives axiom while retaining transitivity and the Pareto condition. Even a small relaxation opens a floodgate of possibilities for nondictatorial and efficient social choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which analyzed the calcium-independent transient outward potassium current phenotypes expressed in ferret left ventricular myocytes. Methodology used; Results and discussion; Conclusions.

Studies the effects of nitric oxide (NO)-related activity and cellular thiol redox state on L-type calcium channels in ferret right ventricular myocytes. Biological role of NO and S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs); Opposite effects of NO and RSNOs on L-type calcium channel function; Modulation of ventricular myocytes by sarcolemmal thiol redox state.

Provides evidence of psychometric properties for the Life Role Salience Scales using a sample of 94 nonprofessional women. Comparison of the means, intercorrelations and reliabilities with professionals; Effects of actual role status on the life role scales; Evidence of scale convergence.

Characterizes FK1, a ferret ventricular cytoplasmic DNA clone that encodes a 654-amino acid protein. Similarity of FK1 to human potassium channels; Electrophysiological and biophysical characteristics of FK1; Functiolnal expression of an inactivating potassium channel cloned from human heart.