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In this paper, we report the preparation of a new Fe3O4/SSIP/GO composite film for the purification of methylene blue dye from solution media. The preparation process of composite film was carried out to improve the interaction between the inner part of the sunflower stalk (SSIP) and surface matrix using magnetite/Graphene Oxide (Fe3O4/GO) minerals at weight ratios (0.2/4/0.2:w/w/w). The characterizations of as-developed Fe3O4/SSIP/GO composite film was successfully carried out by some advanced techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, and TGA analyses. Adsorption kinetic studies were evaluated in three different aspects as a pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion-type model. Based on the R2 results, it was seen that the Pseudo-second order kinetic model (0.999) acted more harmoniously than the pseudo-first-order (0.960) and intra-particle diffusion technique models (0.974). In the light of these findings, it can be said that the prepared Fe3O4/SSIP/GO composite film used for removal of methylene blue dye can be considered as a promising material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and used as a nanocatalyst in methylene blue (MB) degradation under ultrasonic conditions. The synthesis of Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles was carried out according to a facile method and characterized using some analytical techniques such as FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles showed a very homogeneous structure, and the average particle size was determined as 1.87 nm. XRD analyses revealed that Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles have a 2.27 nm crystalline particle size. The chemical composition of Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles was well detected by FTIR and SEM–EDS analyses. The products formed after the degradation of MB were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The degradation of MB was investigated with several experimental conditions using Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles, and optimum experiment conditions were detected to be [T] = 301 K, [MB] = 0.03 g/L, [Cat.] = 1.0 g/L, [H2O2] = 5 mM, [Ult.] = 60 kHz. A maximum of 95.04% MB degradation using Fe3O4/Mn3O4/CuO nanoparticles was achieved in 150 min. To detect the radical effectiveness, t-butanol, ethanol, and t-butanol scavenger solvents were tested, and it was detected that these scavenger solvents prevent the formation of radicals that are effective in MB degradation. As a result, the present work paves the way to prepare excellent and highly efficient sonocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduced-graphene-oxide-supported Ni nanoadsorbents (Ni@rGO) were synthesized in this work to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions using ultrasonic process method. These synthesized nanoadsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, N 2 sorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) apparatus. The effect of independent parameters (initial dye concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, adsorbent particle concentration, initial pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated) on dye removal efficiency with Ni@rGO nanoadsorbents. The zero charge points (pHzpc) of the Ni@rGO composite particles were determined by using experimental results. The max adsorption capacity (qe max) of the removal of methylene blue (MB) with Ni@rGO was determined as 946.12 mg g−1 as a result of experimental data under optimum conditions using ultrasonic process method. The experimental data obtained in the kinetic study concluded that the adsorption process was more consistent with the pseudo second-order model. Thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0), entropy change (ΔS0) and enthalpy change (ΔH0) values were investigated in order to get an idea about the working mechanism of MB as a result of adsorption interaction with Ni@rGO composite particles. As a result of all the data obtained Ni@rGO nanoadsorbent has proven to be an effective nanoadsorbent material to remove methylene blue from aqueous solution under different parameters in ultrasonic process systems. Unlabelled Image • Superior Ni nanoadsorbents were synthesized to remove MB dye from aqueous solutions. • The max adsorption capacity was determined as 946.12 mg g−1. • O 2 radicals have an important function on dye removal efficiency. • Prepared nanoadsorbent was highly stable and efficient after five trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The content of Melilotus officinalis was revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. • A novel potentiometric sensor detected antioxidant activity levels in extracts. • Active sites of the most abundant molecules were shown by molecular docking. Conducting content analysis is very important to elucidate and expand the different usage areas of plant components. Today's content analysis methods provide very reliable results. However, the high cost of these methods and the need for trained personnel bring other challenges. Therefore, simple, fast, and low-cost content analysis methods are a great need. In this study, the phenolic content of Melilotus officinalis flower extracts was investigated using LC-MS/MS analysis, and its antioxidant activity was determined with a novel method employing a PVC membrane sensor. In the method, for the first time, the antioxidant activities of M. officinalis flowers were determined in an economical, sensitive, fast, and stable manner using a PVC potentiometric sensor. Sensor measurements were performed using DPPH and FCR molecules, resulting in 25.71 mg.g-1 activity values and 117.524 mg.g-1, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted to investigate the presence of 45 standard phenolic compounds in M. officinalis. The results revealed that coumarin and isoquercitrin were the major phenolic compounds in the M. officinalis flower extract. The findings of LC-MS/MS analyses of the extracts show moderate phenolic content presence in the M. officinalis flower extracts. The total phenolic content determined by LC-MS/MS analysis was consistent with the PVC membrane sensor analysis results. The studies of molecular docking aimed to identify the most effective active sites, and the Moldock scores (-57.13, -105.93) and binding energies (4.5 kcal.mol-1, -7.9 kcal.mol-1) of coumarin and isoquercitrin molecules. The results of molecular docking studies suggest that isoquercitrin exhibits a stronger inhibitory effect on DD-peptidase enzymes compared to coumarin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report graphene oxide (GO) supported Platinum(Pt)-Cobalt(Co) nanomaterials produced by a simple hydrothermal method after a series of water-ethanol treatments. To understand the change in chemical states, surface and crystal structure of the obtained Pt-Co@GO nanomaterials, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used. Pt-Co@GO nanomaterials exhibit a high adsorption effect in the methylene blue (MB) removal from the aqueous medium. The parameters including ultrasonic irradiation method contact time (1–90 min), initial dye concentration, temperature (293–323 K) and pH (4–10) were investigated for removal MB using Pt-Co@GO nano-adsorbent. The kinetic studies show that the MB adsorption processes can be described by pseudo-first-order, the pseudo-second-order model, and intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic activation functions including enthalpy change (ΔH0), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG0), and entropy change (ΔS0) were determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized Pt-Co@GO nano-adsorbent reaches 273.6 mg/g under the condition that the pH 10, 318 K and the initial dye concentration is 3.0 × 10−5 M. It is understood from the obtained data, Pt-Co@GO nano-adsorbent has demonstrated to be an effective nano-adsorbent for removing MB under several parameters in aqueous solution by ultrasonic process systems. • Pt-Co@GO nano-adsorbent has an extremely high potential for the removal of dyestuffs. • Pt-Co@GO nano-adsorbent exhibited superior catalytic activity and durability for the dye-removal. • The efficiency of absorbent, initial dye and H 2 O 2 concentration, pH, and ultrasonic power were studied. • Reusability tests were performed under optimum conditions of synthesized nano-adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PdRuO2/PVP nanomaterial was synthesized using a straightforward method and characterized using advanced analytical methods such as TEM, XRD, XPS, elemental mapping and SEM. The synthesized PdRuO2/PVP nanomaterial was used as an ionophore in potentiometric sensor electrodes and successfully adapted to Cr3+ ion detection in a large number of aqueous samples. Several experimental parameters of the PdRuO2/PVP sensor such as potentiometric behavior, selectivity, repeatability, response time, pH, titration, and recovery in real samples were investigated. Potentiometric behavioral characteristics were performed in the concentration range 1 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−1 M. The repeated experiments performed six times showed that there was no deviation in the measurements. The limit of detection of the PdRuO2/PVP potentiometric sensor was very low with a value of 8.6 × 10−8 M. The potentiometric measurements showed that the synthesized PdRuO2/PVP ionophore was highly effective in detecting Cr3+ in a wide pH range of 2.0–8.0 and was found to have a shelf life of over 1 year. As a result, the synthesized PdRuO2/PVP electrode material was found to be highly selective, stable, and applicable for Cr3+ detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, PdRu@GO catalyst was fabricated for hydrogen evolution from dimethylamine borane (DMAB). PdRu@GO catalyst was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated catalyst composed of a monodisperse distribution of palladium/ruthenium on graphene oxide and has a mean particle size of 2.74 ± 0.53 nm. The nanoparticles were tested in the catalytic reaction of DMAB at different parameters such as temperature, substrate/catalyst concentrations, and reusability. The test results performed with different parameters showed that PdRu@GO catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation of DMAB under room conditions. PdRu@GO catalyst was determined to have 330.22 h−1 of TOF and 28.72 kJ mol−1 of activation energy (Ea) values for the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of DMAB. • Highly efficient PdRu@GO nanocatalysts were synthesized via microwave-assisted method. • PdRu@GO was utilized to catalytic dehydrogenation of DMAB. • PdRu@GO has been reported as highly efficient, stable and durable catalyst. • Synthesized nano catalyst exhibited significiant catalytic activity with a TOF value of 330.22 h−1, and Ea = 28.72 kJ mol−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT nanocatalyst was fabricated according to a sonochemical-hydrothermal procedure. The surface morphology and structure analyses of the synthesized SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, EDS, FTIR and BET analyses. The degradation efficiency of SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT nanocatalyst in MB solution was tested by several experimental conditions such as SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT dosage (8–20 mg/L), initial MB concentration (20–50 mg/L), initial solution pH (5–9), and ultrasonic output power (37–60 kHz). SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT nanocatalyst retained its efficiency as 85% at common experimental conditions of 16 mg/L of SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNTs, 45 mg/L of MB, pH of 8, H2O2 of 15 mM, and 60 kHz in 60 min under ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, the optimum experiment conditions for SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNTs in MB degradation were investigated. The experiment result showed that the degradation efficiency of MB was increased by adding H2O2 to the reaction medium due to forming more free radicals. Further, it was detected that OH• radicals were determined to be the dominant oxidative species in MB degradation using SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT catalyst. The reuse tests showed that SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT sonocatalyst preserved its very stable structure after using the same catalyst 5 times. The intermediates and by-products after MB degradation using the catalyst were indicated by GC–MS analysis. Overall the results showed that the SnO2-Fe3O4@MWCNT sonocatalyst has excellent potential for treating organic pollutants in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanisms of various metal nanoparticles (NPs) are still a matter of debate in aquatic toxicology. In order to close this gap, the number of studies on this subject is increasing. The aims of this study are to explore the interactions of PdCu@f‐MWCNT NPs with zebrafish and get to know if it has an ecotoxicological risk. In this study, we synthesized, characterized PdCu@f‐MWCNT NPs, and investigated its ecotoxicological effects. The chemical and morphological structures of PdCu@f‐MWCNT nanomaterials were elucidated with advanced analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray spectrophotometer (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The ecotoxicological risks were investigated by conducting biochemical analyses and malformation defects in zebrafish. The results were obtained using multiple marker applications including oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokine expressions, DNA damage, and apoptosis markers. The obtained findings showed embryonic development, survival rate, and incidence of malformation increasing in parallel with the dose increase in zebrafish exposed to PdCu@f‐MWCNT NPs at 10–1000 μg/L levels. Despite the observed decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH level, AChE activity, and NRF‐2 level, inductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, IL‐6, TNF‐α, NF‐kB, DNA damage, and apoptosis levels were observed with increasing dose. Considering these findings, it has been determined that there are toxic effects in zebrafish at all levels above the concentration that we examine as a safe dose (10 μg/L). The effects of all studied concentrations of this NP above the safe dosage, especially on oxidative stress, malformation, and immune system, were found to be quite significant. The more widespread use of nanotechnology in the future will mean more contact of aquatic organisms with NPs. As a result, it is clearly seen that these organisms, which form the important link of the food chain, and the aquatic environment are living at risk conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of green synthesis approaches in NP synthesis and their possible toxicity in aquatic environments has been very limitedly studied. In this study, VA-Ag / AC NPs were synthesised using Viscum album plant as a reducing agent and Chenopodium album (CA) plant as an active carbon source. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and XRD (X-ray crystallography) analysis of the synthesised VA-Ag / AC NPs were performed to detect their morphological and chemical properties. The inducing of oxidative stress and the effectiveness of VA-Ag/AC NPs in neurotoxic pathways and teratogenic changes in aquatic organisms have been investigated. In addition, a modelling was created to elucidate the toxicity mechanism. The results revealed that green synthesised VA-Ag/AC NPs nanoparticles are approximately 1600 times less toxic than nanoparticles synthesised by different methods. It had been determined that only high doses of VA-Ag/AC NPs nanoparticles cause neurological, histopathological and morphological changes. The findings in this study for VA-Ag/AC NPs, which are the evidence of the complexity of their mode of action at the cellular level, are a first in the aquatic ecosystem and require different findings regarding the stability and safety of such synthesis products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A novel multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based sensor was fabricated as a highly precise and stable electrochemical sensor. The synthesized sensor which consists of ZnNi bimetallic nanoalloy called the ZnNi NPs@f-MWCNT sensor, have been used for the simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The ZnNi NPs@f-MWCNT sensor obtained based on the microwave irradiation process, and its characterization was performed by using several physical techniques such as XRD, XPS, TEM, Raman, etc. The characterization showed that this sensor has excellent properties such as rich pore channels, excellent structural durability, and large surface area. These properties facilitated mass transfer and electron conductions. It was observed that the obtained sensor gave high electrochemical activity and wide linear responses (0.3–1.1 mM AA, 0.2–1.2 mM DA, 0.2–1.1 mM UA) in the detection of uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). In addition to these properties, it has been found that the sensor has excellent anti-interferents properties towards AlCl 3 , KCl 3 , glucose, etc. and ZnNi NPs@f-MWCNT sensor was further applied to determine uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in real samples. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • An easy and facile synthesis of highly monodisperse novel ZnNi@f-MWCNT nanocomposites • The surface of the f-MWCNT layers appeared effectively and stabilized the metal nanoparticles dimensionally. • Rapid, Sensitive, and Reusable Detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid by novel nanocomposites • The excellent electrochemical sensing properties of monodisperse ZnNi@f-MWCNT nanocomposites • Thanks to the ultrasmall sizes, monodispersity and high Zn and Ni % surface of novel materials [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, we reported a new catalyst consistent of graphene oxide (GO) – poly(N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) hybrid supported ruthenium nanoparticles and called as Ru@GO-PVP. The GO-coupled PVP nanosheets were prepared with a new and straightforward pathway. The prepared Ru@GO-PVP nanocatalysts were characterized using some advanced analytic measurements such as XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), TEM/HRTEM (Transmission electron microscopy/high resolution transmission electron microscopy), Raman and ICP (Inductively coupled plasma). The mean particle size of the catalyst was found to be 2.09 nm, and this catalyst having small particle size showed one of the highest catalytic activities with a very high TOF value of 896.54 h−1 in dehydrogenation of DMAB at room temperature. Therefore, the proposed hybrid and supported catalyst offer a new pathway to enhance the catalytic dehydrogenation of DMAB greatly, and this study presents a universal and powerful technique for such applications. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The synthesis and characterization of Ru NPs @GO-PVP for hydrogen evolution reaction • Ru NPs decorated on graphene oxide-polyvinylpyrrolidone as highly efficient and stable catalysts • Monodisperse Ru@GO-PVP provides one of the record catalytic performances. • Ru@GO-PVP catalyzed dehydrocoupling of DMAB depending upon catalyst and substrate concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanomaterials were synthesized by a facile method. • Various advanced analytical methods revealed the chemical composition of NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanomaterials. • NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanomaterials exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 2385 Fg−1. Metal oxide and carbon nanotube-based materials are widely preferred in supercapacitor and electrochemical sensor applications due to their interesting physicochemical structure. In this paper, we report the synthesis, characterization, and utilization of NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanoparticles as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications. The characterization studies of NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanomaterials were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy apparatus. The characterization methods revealed a good distribution of NiCeO 2 on f-MWCNT/EDA and formed a new structure of NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanoparticles. Electrochemical studies of NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanoparticles showed a significant specific capacitance of between 2385 and 603 Fg−1 with good cyclic stability of 1000 cycles with capacity retention between 42% and 1.4% at 10 mV/s scan rate. The obtained results reveal that the prepared NiCeO 2 @f-MWCNT/EDA nanoparticles are promising electrode materials for supercapacitor devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, titanium dioxide- Pluronics @F127/functionalized -multi walled carbon nanotubes (TiO 2 –F127f-/MWCNT) nanocatalysts were prepared, characterized, and used in methylene blue (MB) degradation under ultrasonic conditions. The characterization studies were performed using TEM, SEM, and XRD analyses to reveal the morphological and chemical properties of TiO 2 –F127/MWCNT nanocatalysts. To detect the optimum parameters for MB degradation using TiO 2 –F127/f-MWCNT nanocatalysts, several experimental parameters were conducted at various conditions such as different temperatures, pH, catalyst amount, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) concentration, and various reaction contents. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that TiO 2 –F127/f-MWCNT nanocatalysts consisted of a homogenous structure and have a 12.23 nm particle size. The crystalline particle size of TiO 2 –F127/MWCNT nanocatalysts was found to be 13.31 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed the surface structure of TiO 2 –F127/f-MWCNT nanocatalysts turned to be modified after TiO 2 loaded on MWCNT. Under the optimum conditions; pH: 4, MB concentration: 25 mg/L, H 2 O 2 concentration: 30 mol/L, reaction time: and catalyst dose: 24 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached a maximum of 92%. To detect the radical effectiveness, three scavenger solvents were tested. Reuse experiments revealed that TiO 2 –F127/f-MWCNT nanocatalysts retained 84.2% catalytical activity after 5 cycles. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was successfully used to identify the generated intermediates. Based on the experimental results, it has been suggested that •OH radicals are the main active species responsible for the degradation reaction in the presence of the TiO 2 –F127/f-MWCNT nanocatalysts. • TiO2–F127f-/MWCNT nanocatalysts were prepared. • The degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultrasonic conditions has been studied. • Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached a maximum of 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial products containing PdCu@GO can gain access to the aquaculture environment, causing dangerous effects on living biota. In this study, the developmental toxicity of zebrafish treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/L) of PdCu@GO was investigated. The findings showed that PdCu@GO administration decreased the hatchability and survival rate, caused dose-dependent cardiac malformation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity affected by nano-Pd exposure. As evidence for oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) level decreased due to the increase in PdCu@GO concentration. Our research, it was determined that the oxidative stress stimulated by the increase in the concentration of PdCu@GO in zebrafish caused apoptosis (Caspase-3) and DNA damage (8-OHdG). Stimulation of ROS, inflammatory cytokines, tumor Necrosis Factor Alfa (TNF-α) and interleukin – 6 (IL-6), which act as signaling molecules to trigger proinflammatory cytokine production, induced zebrafish immunotoxicity. However, it was determined that the increase of ROS induced teratogenicity through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 level (Nrf-2), NF-κB and apoptotic signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress. Taken together with the research findings, the study contributed to a comprehensive assessment of the toxicological profile of PdCu@GO by investigating the effects on zebrafish embryonic development and potential molecular mechanisms. • PdCu@GO decreased the hatchability and survival rate. • PdCu@GO caused dose-dependent cardiac malformation. • ROS, AChE and apoptosis were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. • DNA damage, TNF-α and IL-6 were induced by PdCu@GO in zebrafish. • PdCu@GO has effects on zebrafish embryonic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, gold-nicel supported on activated carbon (AC) nanoadsorbent (AuNi@AC) synthesized by following a series of physicochemical procedures was prepared for the removal of Maxilon Blue 5G (MB) which is a cationic textile dye. Experimental studies based on parameters specifically pH, contact time, nano catalytic adsorbent particle, initial MB dye concentration and temperature effect were conducted in aqueous solutions in a batch system. AuNi@AC nanoadsorbents (NAs) reached the equilibrium in 30 min under optimum conditions in adsorption of the dye. The pseudo-first, second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models were tested to evaluate a the experimental results. Adsorption kinetics were found to be represented by the pseudo-second-order model, and the maximum adsorption capacity (q max.) was calculated to be 542.90 mg/g (or 2.041 mmol/g). The synthesized magnetic AuNi@AC nanoadsorbent showed a high-efficiency reusability effect of about 64% after five reuse runs. Also, thermodynamic function parameters such as activation energy (Ea), Gibbs free energy (ΔG *), and entropy (ΔS *) were investigated in the sorption study. After all evaluation of data, it was concluded that the novel AuNi@AC nanoadsorbent could be considered as an effective support material for the removal of various organic pollutants in aquation solution especially for the removal of MB. • Nano adsorbents reached equilibrium in 30 min under optimum conditions in adsorption of the dye. • Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax.) were obtained to be 542.90 mg/g (or 2.041 mmol/g). • Nano adsorbents showed a high-efficiency reusability effect of about 64% after five reuse runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate whether some of the cephalosporin group antibiotics have inhibition effects on GR and GST enzymes with important functions in the metabolic pathway. In this study, some selected cephalosporin group antibiotics on GST and GR enzyme was carried out using 96 rats. 16 groups (16 × 6) were created from these rats, divided to another 4 groups (4 × 24). The resulting groups were named as sham groups, cefazolin groups, cefuroxime groups and cefoperazone groups, respectively. The antibiotics used were injected to cefazolin, cefuroxime and cefoperazone groups. The inhibition effects of the antibiotics were measured in the different time intervals (1st, 3th, 5th, 7th). The statistical investigation of the results was performed using the SPSS software program. Results revealed the complex effects of the tested substances on GR and GST activity at different time intervals and in different tissues (p < 0.05). This indicated that the tested substances could be exposed to different interactions in vivo. The tested antibiotics showed some significant inhibition effects on the GST and GR enzyme activity in some tissues of brain, eye and muscle. The interaction of enzyme - the drug is a key factor to highlight the toxicological mechanism. For this reason, the results obtained from in vivo experiments are crucial to explane the physiological properties of the enzymes. • In this study, some cephalosporins were investigated as in vivo inhibition studies. • The inhibition effects of these compounds were determined against GR, and GST enzymes activities. • These results revealed the complex effects of the tested substances on GR and GST activity at different time intervals and in different tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, multiwalled carbon nanotube-based Fe3O4 nano-adsorbents (Fe3O4@MWCNT) were synthesized by ultrasonic reduction method. The synthesized nano-adsorbent (Fe3O4@MWCNT) exhibited efficient sonocatalytic activity to remove Maxilon Blue 5G, a textile dye, and present in a cationic form, in aqueous solution under ultrasonic irradiation. The magnetic nano-adsorbent particles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Some important parameters such as nano-adsorbent dosage, solution pH, initial dye and H2O2 concentration, reaction time, ultrasonic power and temperature were tested to determine the optimum conditions for the elimination of Maxilon Blue 5G dye. The reusability results showed that Fe3O4@MWCNT nano-adsorbent has a decrease of about 32.15% in the removal efficiency of Maxilon Blue 5G under ultrasonic irradiation after six times reuse. Additionally, in order to reveal the sufficient kinetic explanation, various experiments were performed at different temperatures and testing three kinetic models like the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion for removal adsorption process of Maxilon Blue 5G using Fe3O4@MWCNT nano-adsorbent. The experimental kinetic results revealed that the adsorption process of Maxilon Blue 5G in the aquatic mediums using sono-Fenton method was found to be compatible with the intraparticle diffusion. Using kinetic models and studies, some activation parameters like enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy for the adsorption process were calculated. The activation parameters indicated that Fe3O4@MWCNT nano-adsorbent could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Maxilon Blue 5G as a textile dye and the adsorption process of Maxilon Blue 5G with Fe3O4@MWCNT nano-adsorbent is spontaneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]