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The mechanism and function of the expression of Schwann characteristics by nevus cells in the mature zone of the dermis are unknown. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) induces Schwann cell‐like differentiation of melanoma cells by simulating the process of nevus maturation, which leads to a strong phenotypic transformation of the cells, including the formation of long protrusions and a decrease in cell motility, proliferation, and melanin production. Meanwhile, EGR3 regulates the levels of myelin protein zero (MPZ) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) through SRY‐box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)‐dependent and independent mechanisms, by binding to non‐strictly conserved motifs, respectively. Schwann cell‐like differentiation demonstrates significant benefits in both in vivo and clinical studies. Finally, a CD86‐P2A‐EGR3 recombinant mRNA vaccine is developed which leads to tumor control through forced cell differentiation and enhanced immune infiltration. Together, these data support further development of the recombinant mRNA as a treatment for cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LGBTQ+ populations have been reported to have higher rates of depression compared with their heterosexual peers. Such data provided us the impetus to conduct a meta-analysis on the worldwide prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in LGBTQ+ populations and moderating factors that contributed to differences in prevalence estimates between studies. A systematic literature search was performed in major international (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE) and Chinese (Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG) databases from dates of inception to 10 December 2021. 48 articles comprising 4,616,903 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MDD was 32.2 % (95%CI: 30.8–33.6 %, I2 = 99.6 %, τ2 = 0.284). MDD prevalence was higher in the LGBTQ+ samples from the United States than other countries, though the difference was not significant in moderator analyses. Moderator analyses indicated point and lifetime prevalence of MDD were significantly higher than estimates based on the past year (Q = 6.270, p = 0.043). Furthermore, studies that relied on convenience sampling had a higher prevalence of MDD than those based on other sampling methods (Q = 8.159, p = 0.017). In meta-regression analyses, mean age (B = 0.03, z = 9.54, p < 0.001) and study quality assessment score (B = 0.24, z = 67.64, p < 0.001) were positively associated with pooled prevalence of MDD while mediation data of year of study (B = -0.08, z = −72.55, p < 0.001) and sample size (B = -1.46, z = −37.83, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with pooled prevalence of MDD in LGBTQ+ samples. MDD is common among in LGBTQ+ individuals. Considering the negative consequences MDD has on daily life and well-being, appropriate prevention and treatment measures should be provided to vulnerable members of these populations. The findings of this meta-analysis could facilitate identifying at-risk subgroups, developing relevant health policy for LGBTQ+ individuals and allocating health resources from an intersectionality perspective. • This meta-analysis examined the prevalence major depressive disorder (MDD) in LGBTQ+ populations and moderators. • In total, 48 articles comprising 4,618,787 individuals were included, and the overall prevalence of MDD was 32.2%. • The findings of this meta-analysis could facilitate identifying at-risk subgroups, developing relevant health policy for LGBTQ+ individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study details the rational design and synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)-doped anatase (A) heterostructures, utilizing earth-abundant elements to enhance the efficiency of solar-driven water splitting. A one-step hydrothermal method was employed to fabricate a series of CZTS–A heterojunctions. As the concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) varied, the morphology of CZTS shifted from floral patterns to sheet-like structures. The resulting CZTS–A heterostructures underwent comprehensive characterization through photoelectrochemical response assessments, optical measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations demonstrated notable enhancements in photocurrent density and incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE). Compared to pure anatase electrodes, the optimized CZTS–A heterostructures exhibited a seven-fold increase in photocurrent density and reached a hydrogen production efficiency of 1.1%. Additionally, the maximum H2 production rate from these heterostructures was 11-times greater than that of pure anatase and 250-times higher than the original CZTS after 2 h of irradiation. These results underscore the enhanced PEC performance of CZTS–A heterostructures, highlighting their potential as highly efficient materials for solar water splitting. Integrating Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles (NPs) within TiO2 (anatase) heterostructures implied new avenues for developing earth-abundant and cost-effective photocatalytic systems for renewable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concurrent extreme weather events in geographically distant areas potentially cause high-end risks for societies. By using network analysis, the present study managed to identify significant nearly-simultaneous occurrences of heatwaves between the grid cells in East Asia and Eastern Europe, even though they are geographically far away from each other. By further composite analysis, this study revealed that hot events first occurred in Eastern Europe, typically with a time lag of 3-4 days before the East Asian heatwave events. An eastward propagating atmospheric wave train, known as the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern, bridged the sequent occurrences of extreme events in these two remote regions. Atmospheric blockings, amplified by surface warming over Eastern Europe, not only enhanced local heat extremes but also excited a CGT-like pattern characterized by alternative anomalies of high and low pressures. Subsequent downstream anticyclones in the middle and upper troposphere reduced local cloud cover and increased downward solar radiation, thereby facilitating the formation of heatwaves over East Asia. Nearly half of East Asian heatwave events were preceded by Eastern European heatwave events in the 10-day time range before East Asian heatwave events. This investigation of heatwave teleconnection in the two distant regions exhibits strong potential to improve the prediction accuracy of East Asian heatwaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the incidence trend of cancer from 2015 to 2020 in Sichuan Province and provide a reference for prevention and control of cancer. Methods Based on the cancer-related case information data on the Homepage of medical records in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, the crude incidence rate was calculated, and the average annual change percentage (AAPC) of incidence rates was analyzed with Joinpoint 4.2.0.1. Results The new cancer cases in Sichuan Province increased from 181 490 in 2015 to 276 770 in 2020, and the incidence rate increased from 198. 57/105 in 2015 to 304.76/105 in 2020. From 2015 to 2020, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was 7.514%, 6.751%, 8.611%, 4.713%, and 6.838%, respectively. The incidence of cancer in the Chengdu Plain Economic Zone and the Northwest Sichuan Ecological Economic Zone showed a rising trend, AAPC values with statistical significancebeing 7.549% and 9. 668%, respectively. From 2015 to 2020, the incidence rate of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer in Sichuan Province showeda rising trend, with AAPC values of 11.220% (95% CI; 5.866-16.845), 6.606% (95% CI: l.395-13.202), 6.322% (95% CI: 1.411-11.472), 5.765% (95% CI: l.431-10.284) and 13. 222% (95% CI : 7.396-19.364), respectively. Conclusion The incidence of cancer in Sichuan Province shows a rising trend, and the prevention and control situation is grim. Lung cancer, digestive system cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and prostate cancer are the dominant cancer types in Sichuan Province, and specific prevention, control and screening should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typically, in the manufacturing of GH4169 superalloy forgings, the multi-process hot forming that consists of pre-deformation, heat treatment and final deformation is required. This study focuses on the microstructural evolution throughout hot working processes. Considering that δ phase can promote nucleation and limit the growth of grains, a process route was designed, including pre-deformation, aging treatment (AT) to precipitate sufficient δ phases, high temperature holding (HTH) to uniformly heat the forging, and final deformation. The results show that the uneven strain distribution after pre-deformation has a significant impact on the subsequent refinement of the grain microstructure due to the complex coupling relationship between the evolution of the δ phase and recrystallization behavior. After the final deformation, the fine-grain microstructure with short rod-like δ phases as boundaries is easy to form in the region with a large strain of the pre-forging. However, necklace-like mixed grain microstructure is formed in the region with a small strain of the pre-forging. In addition, when the microstructure before final deformation consists of mixed grains, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) nucleation behavior preferentially depends on kernel average misorientation (KAM) values. A large KAM can promote the formation of DRX nuclei. When the KAM values are close, a smaller average grain size of mixed-grain microstructure is more conductive to promote the DRX nucleation. Finally, the interaction mechanisms between δ phase and DRX nucleation are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the existence, uniqueness and nonlinear stability of stationary solutions for the three-dimensional compressible micropolar fluids with the external force of general form. More precisely, with the weighted L2 and L∞ estimates on solutions to the linearized problem, we show the existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions in some suitable function space by the contraction mapping principle. The stability of the steady flow is studied by an elementary energy method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the clinical value of two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) in detecting optic nerve elasticity and in-frame adipose tissue elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR). 2D-SWE was used to detect SWE values of the optic nerve and adipose tissue in adjacent optic nerve frames in 30 healthy participants, 30 patients with diabetic non-retinopathy (NDR), 35 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 30 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The correlation between SWE values and blood glucose, blood lipid, age, body mass index (BMI) was analysed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for SWE values. The SWE values of the optic nerve and in-frame adipose tissue increased with the progression of DR, and analysis of variance was compared with groups: the SWE values of the optic nerve and in-frame adipose tissue in each group were significantly different (all p <0.001). The SWE values of the optic nerve and in-frame adipose tissue correlated positively with BMI, age, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose, and correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein. The SWE values of the optic nerve and in-frame adipose tissue had higher diagnostic efficacy. The combination of the two had higher diagnostic accuracy. The elastic modulus of optic nerve and in-frame adipose tissue can effectively predict and grade of DR, that is, 2D-SWE can be used as a non-invasive imaging diagnostic method for DR. The combined diagnostic efficacy of optic nerve SWE value and in-frame adipose tissue SWE value is significantly better than that of single use. This study found that increased BMI, age, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose, and decreased high-density lipoprotein are risk factors for DR. • This study is the first to evaluate the optic nerve in DR patients using SWE. • The SWE value of the optic nerve increases as DR progresses. • Elevated BMI and triglycerides are risk factors for DR. • Elevated Age and fasting glucose are risk factors for DR. • Decreased high-density lipoprotein is a risk factor for DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The MYH3‐associated myosinopathies comprise a spectrum of rare neuromuscular disorders mainly characterized by distal arthrogryposis with or without other features like pterygia and vertebrae fusion. CPSKF1B (contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome1B) is the only known autosomal recessiveMYH3‐associated myosinopathy so far, with no more than two dozen cases being reported. Materials and Methods: A boy with CPSKF1B was recruited and subjected to a comprehensive clinical and imaging evaluation. Genetic detection with whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the patient and extended family members to identify the causative variation. A series of in silico and in vitro investigations were carried out to verify the pathogenicity of the two variants of the identified compound heterozygous variation. Results: The patient exhibited moderate CPSKF1B symptoms including multiarticular contractures, webbed neck, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion. WES detected a compound heterozygous MYH3 variation consisting of two variants, namely NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G) and NM_002470.4: c.5161‐2A>C. It was indicated that the NM_002470.4: c.3377A>G; p. (E1126G) variant mainly impaired the local hydrogen bond formation and impacted the TGF‐B pathway, while the NM_002470.4: c.5161‐2A>C variant could affect the normal splicing of pre‐mRNA, resulting in the appearance of multiple abnormal transcripts. Conclusions: The findings of this study expanded the mutation spectrum of CPSKF1B, provided an important basis for the counseling of the affected family, and also laid a foundation for the functional study of MYH3 mutations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six different polyoxotungstate-based transition metal complexes were synthesized, namely [Cu5(2,2′-bpy)5(μ2-Cl)2(PO4)2(H2O)2][HPW12O40]·2H2O (1), [Cu1.5(2,2′-bpy)1.5(inic)2(H2O)1.5]3[H1.5PW12O40]2·16.25H2O (2), [Cu(2,2′-bpy)2]2[SiW12O40]·10H2O (3), [Zn(phen)3]2[PWVW VI11 O40]·5H2O (4), [Zn(phen)2(H2O)]2[SiW12O40]·2H2O (5), and [Zn(2,2′-bpy)2]2[SiW12O40] (6) (2,2′-bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, inic = isonicotinic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Compound 1 is based on [HPW12O40]2− anions, which are accommodated within the open channels of a supramolecular network formed by novel Cu–P–Cl coordination clusters. Compound 2 is constructed from [H1.5PW12O40]1.5− and novel [Cu1.5(2,2′-bpy)1.5(inic)2(H2O)1.5]+ coordination fragments, and polyoxoanions are encapsulated within the pores created by the copper coordination fragments, resulting in a unique three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Compound 3 is a two-dimensional structure formed through the covalent linkage between [SiW12O40]4− and [Cu(2,2′-bpy)2]2+. Compound 4 is a supramolecular architecture formed by [PWVW VI11 O40]4− and [Zn(phen)3]2+ coordination fragments, while compound 5 is a supramolecular structure based on POM bi-supported Zn coordination complexes. Compound 6 is a two-dimensional framework structure constituted by [SiW12O40]4− and [Zn(2,2′-bpy)2]2+via covalent interactions. In addition, electrochemical measurement results show that the copper-based tungstate compounds 1–3 and zinc-based tungstate compounds 4–6 exhibit different performances and durabilities as electrochemical capacitors (compound 1 shows the highest specific capacitance of 94.0 F g−1 at 1.5 A g−1, whereas compound 6 maintains the best cycling stability with the capacity retention of 80.7% after 1000 cycles at 4 A g−1.). This study contributes to the development of POM-based transition metal complexes with high capacitance by providing insights into the design and synthesis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicidality is a global public health problem which has increased considerably during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the inter-relationships between depressive symptoms and suicidality using network analysis among Macau residents after the "relatively static management" COVID-19 strategy. Methods: An assessment of suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plan (SP), suicide attempt (SA) and depressive symptoms was conducted with the use of individual binary response items (yes/no) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). In the network analysis, central and bridge symptoms were identified in the network through "Expected Influence" and "Bridge Expected Influence", and specific symptoms that were directly associated with suicidality were identified via the flow function. Network Comparison Tests (NCT) were conducted to examine the gender differences in network characteristics. Results: The study sample included a total of 1008 Macau residents. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidality were 62.50% (95% CI = 59.4– 65.5%) and 8.9% (95% CI = 7.2– 10.9%), respectively. A network analysis of the sample identified SI ("Suicidal ideation") as the most central symptom, followed by SP ("Suicide plan") and PHQ4 ("Fatigue"). SI ("Suicidal ideation") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") were bridge nodes connecting depressive symptoms and suicidality. A flow network revealed that the strongest connection was between S ("Suicidality") and PHQ6 ("Guilt"), followed by S ("Suicidality") and PHQ 7 ("Concentration"), and S ("Suicidality") and PHQ3 ("Sleep"). Conclusion: The findings indicated that reduction of specific depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts may be relevant in decreasing suicidality among adults. Further, suicide assessment and prevention measures should address the central and bridge symptoms identified in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the thesis was to analyze the structure, distribution, and impact of women farmers who have been neglected for a long time in the agricultural development of mainland China based on the national population census data from 1982 to 2020. Findings showed that the proportion of female agricultural labor force in 24 regions increased to varying degrees from 1990 to 2010. Areas where the distribution of female agricultural labor is relatively densely distributed largely overlap with cotton planting and growing areas and commodity grain bases, and nearly 1/4 of the areas have more female farmers than males. The feminization of agricultural labor force in China compared with developing regions of Latin America, Africa, and South Asia, has special because of balancing the relationship between rural women, rural families, and agricultural production and maximizing the economic efficiency of farmers during the transition period. The article recommends, in the promotion of rural revitalization strategy, China needs to actively integrate gender awareness, cultivate more female elites in agricultural technology, marketing, and management, giving play to the "super half effect" of rural women in cultural inheritance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new (1 and 2) meroterpenoids were isolated from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Antioxidant activities of 1 and 2 were evaluated by the ORAC and DPPH radical scavenging assays, and the results revealed that compound 2 displayed oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The discovery of compounds 1 and 2 added new members of this kind of natural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Hikikomori is a common phenomenon reported in Japan and many other countries. However, the broad trends of the research publications on hikikomori are unclear. Therefore, this study examined the patterns of research on hikikomori using bibliometric analysis. Methods: Relevant publications were searched in Web of Science. Bibliometric analyses were performed with CiteSpace, R and VOSviewer. Results: In total, 297 publications on hikikomori met the eligibility criteria. The International Journal of Social Psychiatry (IF = 10.461) published the most papers (K = 17, or 5.7%) on hikikomori. Takahiro A. Kato from Kyushu University (41; 13.8%; H‐index = 18) was the most influential author, while Takahiro A. Kato (total link strength [TLS]: 235), Alan R. Teo (TLS: 157), and Masaru Tateno (TLS: 153) separately had the strongest research collaboration with other researchers. Of all countries that published on hikikomori, Japan had the highest number of publications (K = 91). The keywords "United States" and "psychiatric diagnosis" received the most attention between 2013 and 2015, whereas "health" and "autism spectrum disorder" received the most attention in 2021 and 2022. Conclusions: Peer‐reviewed research publications on hikikomori are growing rapidly and the research trends in this field are also changing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small zero-order resonant antenna based on the composite right-left-handed (CRLH) principle is designed and fabricated without metallic vias at 30 GHz to have patch-like radiation. The mirror images of two CRLH structures are connected to design the antenna without via holes. The equivalent circuit, parameter extraction, and dispersion diagram are studied to analyze the characteristics of the CRLH antenna. The antenna was fabricated and experimentally verified. The measured realized gain of the antenna is 5.35 dBi at 30 GHz. The designed antenna is free of spurious resonance over a band width of 10 GHz. A passive beamforming array is designed using the proposed CRLH antenna and the Butler matrix. A substrate integrated waveguide is used to implement the Butler matrix. The CRLH antennas are connected to four outputs of a 4 × 4 Butler matrix. The scanning angles are 12 ∘ , − 68 ∘ , 64 ∘ , and − 11 ∘ for excitations from port 1 to port 4 of the 4 × 4 Butler matrix feeding the CRLH antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are constantly exposed to various phytopathogens such as fungi, Oomycetes, nematodes, bacteria, and viruses. These pathogens can significantly reduce the productivity of important crops worldwide, with annual crop yield losses ranging from 20% to 40% caused by various pathogenic diseases. While the use of chemical pesticides has been effective at controlling multiple diseases in major crops, excessive use of synthetic chemicals has detrimental effects on the environment and human health, which discourages pesticide application in the agriculture sector. As a result, researchers worldwide have shifted their focus towards alternative eco-friendly strategies to prevent plant diseases. Biocontrol of phytopathogens is a less toxic and safer method that reduces the severity of various crop diseases. A variety of biological control agents (BCAs) are available for use, but further research is needed to identify potential microbes and their natural products with a broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to control crop diseases. This review aims to highlight the importance of biocontrol strategies for managing crop diseases. Furthermore, the role of beneficial microbes in controlling plant diseases and the current status of their biocontrol mechanisms will be summarized. The review will also cover the challenges and the need for the future development of biocontrol methods to ensure efficient crop disease management for sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most previous studies supported that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is over-activated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and exacerbates the development of AD. It is unclear whether the causal associations between the mTOR signaling-related protein and the risk for AD exist. Objective: This study aims to investigate the causal effects of the mTOR signaling targets on AD. Methods: We explored whether the risk of AD varied with genetically predicted AKT, RP-S6K, EIF4E-BP, eIF4E, eIF4A, and eIF4G circulating levels using a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. The summary data for targets of the mTOR signaling were acquired from published genome-wide association studies for the INTERVAL study. Genetic associations with AD were retrieved from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project. We utilized the inverse variance weighted as the primary approach to calculate the effect estimates. Results: The elevated levels of AKT (OR = 0.910, 95% CI=0.840-0.986, p = 0.02) and RP-S6K (OR = 0.910, 95% CI=0.840-0.986, p = 0.02) may decrease the AD risk. In contrast, the elevated eIF4E levels (OR = 1.805, 95% CI=1.002-1.174, p = 0.045) may genetically increase the AD risk. No statistical significance was identified for levels of EIF4-BP, eIF4A, and eIF4G with AD risk (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was a causal relationship between the mTOR signaling and the risk for AD. Activating AKT and RP-S6K, or inhibiting eIF4E may be potentially beneficial to the prevention and treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two coordination polymers (CPs) on the basis of Co(II) have been prepared with or without a nitrogen-donor ligand bipyridine under the conditions of solvothermal, with the chemical formula of {[Co3(IDPA)3(DMA)(H2O)2]·(H2O)(DMA)}n (1, where DMA is N,N-dimethylacetamide, bpy is bipyridine, and H2IDPA is 5-(1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl) isophthalic acid) and [Co(IDPA)(4,4′-bpy)1/2]n (2). Furthermore, the treatment effect of compounds on postpartum depression was assessed and the corresponding mechanism was also investigated. The analysis of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied for testing the progesterone and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content in the brain after indicated compound treatment. After that the progesterone and 5-HT relative expression was assessed with the analysis of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The experimental results show that CP 1 was much powerful than 2 on attenuating the contents of progesterone and 5-HT exist in brain. Besides this, the progesterone and 5-HT receptor relative expression on neurons was also markedly attenuated by CP 1, instead of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a five-ring triterpenoid compound, which is widely present in plants. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, oleanolic acid has attracted more and more attention. However, oleanolic acid is insoluble in water and has low bioavailability, which limits its clinical application. In this review, we focus on summarizing the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of the A ring or C-28 carboxyl modified derivatives of OA since 2015, to determine the strength of its anti-cancer effectiveness and evaluate whether it could be used as a clinical anti-cancer drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the global well-posedness of weak energy conservative solution to a general quasilinear wave equation through variational principle, where the solution may form finite time cusp singularity, when energy concentrates. As a main result in this paper, we construct a Finsler type optimal transport metric, then prove that the solution flow is Lipschitz under this metric. We also prove a generic regularity result by applying Thom's transversality theorem, then find piecewise smooth transportation paths among a dense set of solutions. The results in this paper are for large data solutions, without restriction on the size of solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The cost‐effective strategy of using paper‐based materials as alternatives to plastics can aid in reducing environmental stress. Herein, a novel green low‐carbon paper‐based food‐packaging composite was synthesised: curcumin microcapsule‐polyvinyl alcohol/beeswax/chitosan (CURM‐PVA/BW/CS) composite papers. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction results confirmed that curcumin was successfully encased and adhered to the paper. The water vapour permeability and oxygen transmission rate of the composite papers were 42.28 g (m2·d)−1 and 3.41 cm3 (m2·d·atm)−1, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of paper was 93.53%, and the mechanical properties were effectively improved by adding natural antioxidants to the coating. Finally, cakes were packaged in the biodegradable 1%CURM‐PVA/BW/CS papers exhibited optimal preservation during the storage period, based on the characterisation of the cake peroxide value, acid value and microbiological count. Overall, the CURM‐PVA/BW/CS paper showed great potential for food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persons with suicidality including suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plans (SP) and/or suicide attempts (SA) are at higher risk for future suicide than those without suicidality. To reduce the risk of future suicide, it is important to understand symptoms of emotional distress that have the strongest links with SI, SP and SA. This network analysis examined item-level relations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents between 12 and 20 years of age were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and individual binary reponse (no/yes) items assessing SI, SP, and SA during the pandemic. The structure of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and suicidality was characterized using "Expected Influence" and "Bridge Expected Influence" as centrality indices in the symptom network. Network stability was tested using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Node-specific predictive betweenness was computed to examine short paths of anhedonia, other depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with suicidality. A Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine whether network characteristics differed based on gender. Prevalence rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and suicidality were 44.60 % (95% confidence interval (CI) = 41.53–47.67 %), 31.12 % (95%CI = 28.26–33.98 %), and 16.95 % (95%CI = 14.63–19.26 %), respectively, in the study sample. The network analysis identified GAD3 ("Worry too much") as the most central symptom, followed by GAD6 ("Irritability") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") in the sample. Additionally, PHQ6 ("Guilt"), GAD6 ("Irritability"), and PHQ2 ("Sad mood") were bridge nodes linking depressive and anxiety symptoms with suicidality. A flow network indicated that the connection between S ("Suicidality") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") reflected the strongest connection, followed by connections of S ("Suicidality") with GAD2 ("Uncontrollable worrying"), and S ("Suicidality") with PHQ2 ("Sad mood"). Finally, PHQ2 ("Sad mood") was the main bridge node linking anhedonia with other depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality in the sample. Findings highlight the potential importance of reducing specific depressive and anxiety symptoms as possible means of reducing suicidality among adolescents during the pandemic. Central symptoms and key bridge symptoms identified in this study should be targeted in suicide prevention for at-risk adolescents. • The potential importance of reducing specific depressive and anxiety symptoms as means of reducing suicidality among adolescents during the pandemic. • The network analysis identified GAD3 ("Worry too much") as the most central symptom, followed by GAD6 ("Irritability") and PHQ6 ("Guilt") in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anhedonia is a suicide risk factor among adolescent patients with recurrent depressive disorder (depression hereafter). This study examined associations between suicidal ideation (SI) and residual depressive symptoms (RSD), including anhedonia, among clinically stable adolescents with depression. A network analysis was performed to examine the association between RDS and SI among adolescents with depression. Node-specific predictive betweenness was computed to examine short paths between anhedonia and SI. Additionally, a Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine gender differences in derived network model characteristics. The network analysis identified close associations of PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation") with PHQ1 ("Anhedonia") as well as some other RDS including PHQ6 ("Guilt"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood") and PHQ8 ("Motor disturbances"). Additionally, PHQ2 ("Sad mood") and PHQ4 ("Fatigue") were the main bridge nodes linking anhedonia and SI. Comparisons of network models did not find significant differences in network global strength or edge weights. Causal relations between anhedonia and SI could not be determined due to the cross-sectional study design. SI was directly related to Anhedonia in addition to Guilt, Sad mood and Motor disturbances. Sad mood and Fatigue were the main bridge nodes linking Anhedonia and SI. To reduce the risk of SI among clinically stable adolescents with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, specific RDS including Anhedonia, Guilt, Sad mood, Motor disturbances and Fatigue should be targeted in interventions. • SI was directly related to Anhedonia in addition to Guilt, Sad mood and Motor disturbances. • Sad mood and Fatigue were the main bridge nodes linking Anhedonia and Suicide ideation. • To reduce the risk of SI among clinically stable adolescents with depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, specific RDS including Anhedonia, Guilt, Sad mood, Motor disturbances and Fatigue should be targeted in interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep disorders are common during the outbreak of pandemic diseases, and similar disorders are noted in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It is valuable to explore the clinical manifestations and risk factors for sleep disorders in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Inpatients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Detailed clinical information was collected, and sleep quality was assessed by PSQI. Patients were divided into a sleep disorder group and a normal group based on a PSQI ≥ 7, and the clinical features were compared between the groups. Results: Fifty-three patients were enrolled, and 47.2% presented sleep disorders. Sleep disorders were associated with older age (> 50), anemia and carbon dioxide retention. Furthermore, factors associated with abnormal component scores of the PSQI were: (1) patients with older age were more likely to have decreased sleep quality, prolonged sleep latency, decreased sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction; (2) decreased sleep quality and prolonged sleep latency were associated with dyspnea, whereas carbon dioxide retention and more lobes involved in chest CT were associated with prolonged sleep latency; (3) decreased sleep efficiency was more prevalent in patients with anemia. Conclusions: Sleep disorders were prevalent in patients during the acute phase of COVID-19, and many risk factors (older age, anemia, carbon dioxide retention, the number of lobes involved in chest CT, and dyspnea) were identified. It is important to assess the presence of sleep disorders in patients to provide early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monkeypox has been a neglected, zoonotic tropical disease for over 50 years. Since the 2022 global outbreak, hundreds of human clinical samples have been subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) worldwide with raw data deposited in public repositories. However, sequence analysis for in-depth investigation of viral evolution remains hindered by the lack of a curated, whole genome Monkeypox virus (MPXV) database (DB) and efficient bioinformatics pipelines. To address this, we developed a customized MPXV DB for integration with "ready-to-use" workflows in the CLC Microbial Genomics Module for whole genomic and metagenomic analysis. After database construction (218 MPXV genomes), whole genome alignment, pairwise comparison, and evolutionary analysis of all genomes were analyzed to autogenerate tabular outputs and visual displays (collective runtime: 16 min). The clinical utility of the MPXV DB was demonstrated by using a Chimpanzee fecal, hybrid-capture NGS dataset (publicly available) for metagenomic, phylogenomic, and viral/host integration analysis. The clinically relevant MPXV DB embedded in CLC workflows proved to be a rapid method of sequence analysis useful for phylogenomic exploration and a wide range of applications in translational science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the widespread consensus on the sustainable development of economy and society, the environmental issues of heavy metal pollution in soils have received considerable attention. Confronted with these issues, soil washing has been widely studied, due to its advantages of simple operation, wide application, high efficiency and low costs. However, reducing the secondary contamination of the washing agents and selecting the best washing agents have been a barrier to the development of washing technology. Based on this background, this study comprehensively investigated the concentration levels of heavy metals in different types of contaminated sites, analyzed the current research status in this field, and pointed out the urgency and challenge of soil remediation for heavy metal pollution. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of different remediation techniques and their application case studies for heavy metal contaminated soils were summarized. In addition, the washing effects of different types of low molecular weight organic acids on heavy metal pollutants in soils and their key influencing factors were also fully discussed. Finally, the limitation in this field area and future research directions were pointed out. This review would be expected to provide practical engineering application and development for soil washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous new ideas and concepts have changed the behavior and value orientation of university students as a result of the internet's rising popularity on college campuses. This study performs research on digital sensor technologies in order to enhance the intelligent effect of ideological and political classroom instruction. In addition, this study combines the fast Fourier transform principle to enhance digital sensor technology, digital sensor and cognitive computation technology to investigate the ideological and political classroom teaching process, and the actual situation of the ideological and political teaching to digitally process the ideological and political teaching process. In addition, this study employs sensor technology to convey data and digital sensor technology to increase the quality of ideological and political classroom instruction by enhancing the traditional teaching paradigm. In addition, on this premise, this study conducts a performance evaluation of the system, primarily focusing on the digital effect and the enhancement of ideological and political teaching quality. In conclusion, this study proves its teaching system through test research. According to the test results, the intelligent teaching method described in this study has a certain practical effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria especially carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) in food animals poses a serious threat to food safety and public health. Reports about the dissemination of carbapenem-resistant bacteria along the food animal production chain are scattered and mainly focus on swine and chicken. Abuse of antibiotics in duck farms is common especially in China which has the largest duck production industry, however, the CREC transmission between farmed ducks and slaughtered meats remains unclear and the role of slaughterhouse in disseminating CREC among duck meats remains largely unknown. Herein, we collected 251 fecal samples from five typical duck farms along with 125 slaughtered meat samples (25 from each farm) in the corresponding slaughterhouse in Anhui Province, China, in December 2018. All samples were screened for CREC isolates which were analyzed for the presence of carbapenemase genes and colistin resistance gene mcr. The resistance profiles, transferability, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the CREC isolates from both ducks and meats were further characterized. This is the first report presenting the high prevalence of bla NDM -positive CREC isolates in ducks from duck farms (57.8 %) and slaughtered meats (33.6 %) in the corresponding slaughterhouse. Among the 203 bla NDM -positive CREC isolates obtained in this study, 19.2 % harbored mcr-1 and all CREC isolates showed resistance to nearly all currently available antibiotics (except tigecycline). Of note, mcr-1 was found in 17.8 % of the meat-derived CREC carrying bla NDM. Based on the PFGE analysis, clonal spread of bla NDM -positive CREC including some also carrying mcr-1 was found between farmed ducks and slaughtered duck meats even from different farms. Special attention should be paid to the clonal dissemination of meat-derived CREC within the slaughterhouse, which contributed to the high prevalence of bla NDM in slaughtered meats. Additionally, horizontal transmission mainly mediated by transferable bla NDM-5 -bearing IncX3 plasmids, untypable bla NDM-1 -bearing plasmids and mcr-1 -bearing IncHI2 plasmids further facilitated the rapid spread of such multidrug-resistant strains. Notably, the bla NDM -bearing plasmids and mcr-1 -bearing plasmids in CREC from meats were highly similar to those from animals and humans. More worryingly, the phylogenomic analysis showed that CREC isolates from both ducks and corresponding meats clustered with previously reported human CREC isolates carrying mcr-1 in different geographical areas including China. These findings further prove that the CREC and resistance plasmids in farmed ducks could transmit to meats even from different farms via the slaughterhouse and then trigger infections in humans. The high prevalence and clonal transmission of CREC isolates including those also carrying mcr-1 between ducks and meats are alarming, and urgent control measures are required to reduce the dissemination of such organisms. • Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CREC) in both ducks (57.8 %) and meat (33.6 %) was high. • Up to 19.2 % of the CREC also carried mcr-1. • Clonal spread of CREC was found between farmed ducks and slaughtered meats. • CREC and resistance plasmids in ducks could transmit to meat and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among community-dwelling and hospitalized patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in China.

Introduction: Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is clinically heterogeneous, especially at presentation, and though it is sometimes found in association with tumor, this is by no means the rule. Methods: Clinical data for 10 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis were collected including one case with teratoma and nine cases without and compared for clinical characteristics. Microscopic pathological examination and immunohistochemical assay of the LGI1 antibody were performed on teratoma tissue obtained by laparoscopic oophorocystectomy. Results: In our teratoma-associated anti-LGI1 encephalitis case, teratoma pathology was characterized by mostly thyroid tissue and immunohistochemical assay confirmed positive nuclear staining of LGI1 in some tumor cells. The anti-LGl1 patient with teratoma was similar to the non-teratoma cases in many ways: age at onset (average 47.3 in non-teratoma cases); percent presenting with rapidly progressive dementia (67% of non-teratoma cases) and psychiatric symptoms (33%); hyponatremia (78%); normal cerebrospinal fluid results except for positive LGI1 antibody (78%); bilateral hippocampal hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging (44%); diffuse slow waves on electroencephalography (33%); good response to immunotherapy (67%); and mild residual cognitive deficit (22%). Her chronic anxiety and presentation with status epilepticus were the biggest differences compared with the non-teratoma cases. Conclusion: In our series, anti-LGI1 encephalitis included common clinical features in our series: rapidly progressive dementia, faciobrachial dystonic seizures, behavioral disorders, hyponatremia, hippocampal hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging, and residual cognitive deficit. We observed some differences (chronic anxiety and status epilepticus) in our case with teratoma, but a larger accumulation of cases is needed to improve our knowledge base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are causative agents of coccidioidomycosis, commonly known as Valley Fever. The increasing Valley Fever cases in the past decades, the expansion of endemic regions, and the rising azole drug-resistant strains have underscored an urgent need for a better understanding of Coccidioides biology and new antifungal strategies. Transporters play essential roles in pathogen survival, growth, infection, and adaptation, and are considered as potential drug targets. However, the composition and roles of transport machinery in Coccidioides remain largely unknown. In this study, genomic data mining revealed an abundant, uncharacterized repertoire of transporters in Coccidioides genomes. The catalog included 1288 and 1235 transporter homologs in C. immitis and C. posadasii, respectively. They were further annotated to class, subclass, family, subfamily and range of substrates based on the Transport Classification (TC) system. They may play diverse roles in nutrient uptake, metabolite secretion, ion homeostasis, drug efflux, or signaling. This study represents an initial effort for a systems-level characterization of the transport machinery in these understudied fungal pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let D be a dendrite and f be a continuous map on D. Denote by R(f), Ω(f) and ω(x, f) the set of recurrent points, the set of non-wandering points and the set of ω-limit points of x under f, respectively. Write Ω k + 1 (f) = Ω (f | Ω k (f) ) and ω k + 1 (f) = ∪ x ∈ ω k (f) ω (x , f) for any positive integer k, where Ω1(f) = Ω(f) and ω (f) = ∪ x ∈ D ω (x , f) . ωm(f) is called the attracting centre of f if ωm+1(f)= ωm(f). In this paper, we show that if the rank of D is n − 1, then we have the following results: (1) ωn+2(f) = ωn+1(f) and the attracting centre of f is ωn+1(f); (2) Ω n + 2 (f) = R (f) ¯ and the depth of f is at most n + 2. Further, if the set of (n − 1)-order accumulation points of Br(D) (the set of branch points of D) is a singleton, then Ω n + 1 (f) = R (f) ¯ and the depth of f is at most n + 1. Besides, we show that there exist a dendrite D1 whose rank is n − 1 and the set of (n − 1)-order accumulation points of Br(D1) is a singleton, and a continuous map g on D1 such that ωn+1(g) ≠ ωn(g) and Ω n (f) ≠ R (f) ¯ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is the second highest incidence of malignant salivary gland tumor. The purpose of this study was to establish nomograms combined with SACC patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods. Patients with SACC were included in the SEER ∗ Stat Database from 2004 to 2016. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was applied to filter potential prognostic clinical variables. Multivariate analysis from the Cox proportional hazards model was performed to determine the independent prognostic factors on overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), applied to develop nomograms. The Schönfeld residual test verified the proportional hazard assumption. The discrimination and consistency of nomograms was assessed and validated according to concordance index (C -index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and calibration curves using an internal 1,000 times bootstrap resampling. The nomogram's net clinical benefit was assessed through decision curve analysis (DCA). Results. A total of 658 patients with SACC were included. Age, T stage, N stage, M stage, histologic grade, and surgery were independent prognostic factors for OS and DSS. Based on these independent prognostic factors, nomograms were developed to predict 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS and DSS. In the validation of 1,000 times bootstrap resampling, the C -index and ROC curves had good discriminatory ability. The calibration curves indicated excellent consistency between the predicted and actual survival results in the nomograms. The DCA curves demonstrated that the nomograms had good clinical benefit and were superior to the TNM stage and other variables. Conclusions. Two nomograms developed in this study precisely predicted the 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS and DSS rates of patients with SACC in accordance with independent prognostic factors, and their clinical value is better than TNM staging, providing a prognostic reference for other SACC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a prevalent problem in gynecologic clinics among adolescents and women of reproductive age. Several therapy modalities, including traditional Chinese medicine, are deemed adequate (TCM) and have been in practice for a long time. In China, Dingkundan (DKD), a multicomponent gynecological treatment, has been used to treat PD for centuries. However, the fundamental process remains poorly understood. Comparing plasma samples acquired from DKD-treated and oral contraceptive- (OC-) treated subjects, we performed an integrated plasma metabonomic analysis utilizing the UPLC-MS technology to study the therapeutic mechanisms of DKD in PD patients. Thirty possible biomarkers and metabolic pathways were discovered, primarily steroid hormone production, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and bile secretion. The results suggested that DKD may have therapeutic benefits for PD patients via modulation of various metabolic pathways. This study is envisaged to provide detailed metabolite information regarding the etiology of PD, an assessment of the efficacy of DKD, and a comparison of DKD and OC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with concomitant aorto-retroarotic left renal vein fistula (ALRVF) is an extremely rare clinical condition. With the recent development of endovascular techniques, repair of such conditions with a complete minimal invasive approach is now possible. We reported here a case of endovascular repair of AAA with concomitant ALRVF. Case Presentation: A 62-year-old gentleman presenting with AAA and concomitant ALRVF underwent complete endovascular repair, including an endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) with bifurcated aortic graft as well as embolization of the aneurysm sac and deployment of a covered stent in the left retroarotic renal vein to achieve sealing of the arterial-venous fistula. The patient required no blood transfusion and no ICU stay. He has been followed up closely for 4 years and has been well clinically. Aneurysm sac size has remained stable. Conclusions: Endovascular repair can be a safe and reliable surgical alternative to treat AAA with concomitant ALRVF. But long-term follow up and more clinical data are required to verify the durability of endovascular repair for such conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration within the host genome may contribute to carcinogenesis through various disruptive mechanisms. With next-generation sequencing (NGS), identification of viral and host genomic breakpoints and chimeric sequences are now possible. However, a simple, streamlined bioinformatics workflow has been non-existent until recently. Here, we tested two new, automated workflows in CLC Microbial Genomics, i.e., Viral Hybrid Capture (VHC) Data Analysis and Viral Integration Site (VIS) Identification for software performance and efficiency. The workflows embedded with HPV and human reference genomes were used to analyze a publicly available NGS dataset derived from pre- and cancerous HPV+ cervical cytology of 21 Gabonese women. The VHC and VIS workflow median runtimes were 19 and 7 min per sample, respectively. The VIS dynamic graphical outputs included read mappings, virus-host genomic breakpoints, and virus-host integration circular plots. Key findings, including disrupted and nearby genes, were summarized in an auto-generated report. Overall, the VHC and VIS workflows proved to be a rapid and accurate means of localizing viral-host integration site(s) and identifying disrupted and neighboring human genes. Applying HPV VIS-mapping to pre- or invasive tumors will advance our understanding of viral oncogenesis and facilitate the discovery of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous new ideas and concepts have changed the behavior and value orientation of university students as a result of the internet's rising popularity on college campuses. This study performs research on digital sensor technologies in order to enhance the intelligent effect of ideological and political classroom instruction. In addition, this study combines the fast Fourier transform principle to enhance digital sensor technology, digital sensor and cognitive computation technology to investigate the ideological and political classroom teaching process, and the actual situation of the ideological and political teaching to digitally process the ideological and political teaching process. In addition, this study employs sensor technology to convey data and digital sensor technology to increase the quality of ideological and political classroom instruction by enhancing the traditional teaching paradigm. In addition, on this premise, this study conducts a performance evaluation of the system, primarily focusing on the digital effect and the enhancement of ideological and political teaching quality. In conclusion, this study proves its teaching system through test research. According to the test results, the intelligent teaching method described in this study has a certain practical effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased risk of mental health problems including suicide in many subpopulations, but its influence on stable patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has been studied fleetingly. This study examined the one-year prevalence of suicidality including suicidal ideation (SI), suicide plans (SP), and suicide attempts (SA) as well as their correlates in clinically stable MDD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between October 1, 2020, and October 15, 2021, in six tertiary psychiatric hospitals. Socio-demographic information, clinical data and one-year prevalence of suicidality were recorded.Results: Altogether, 1718 participants who met the eligibility criteria were included. The overall one-year prevalence of suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic was 68.04% (95% confidence intervals (CI) =65.84-70.25%), with one-year SI prevalence of 66.4% (95%CI = 64.18-68.65%), SP prevalence of 36.26% (95%CI = 33.99-38.54%), and SA prevalence of 39.35% (95%CI = 37.04-41.66%). Binary logistic regression analyses revealed male gender, married marital status, college education level and above and age were negatively associated with risk of suicidality. Urban residence, unemployed work status, experiences of cyberbullying, a history of suicide among family members or friends, and more severe fatigue, physical pain, and residual depressive symptoms were positively associated with risk of suicidality.Conclusions: Suicidality is common among clinically stable MDD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Regular suicide screening and preventive measures should be provided to clinically stable MDD patients during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal infections pose a serious and growing threat to public health. These infections can be treated with antifungal drugs by killing hazardous fungi in the body. However, the resistance can develop over time when fungi are exposed to antifungal drugs by generating genomic variations, including mutation, aneuploidy, and loss of heterozygosity. The variations could reduce the binding affinity of a drug to its target or block the pathway through which drugs exert their activity. Here, we review genomic variation-mediating fluconazole resistance in the yeast Candida, with the hope of highlighting the functional consequences of genomic variations for the antifungal resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thickening of oxide scale and ceramic sintering are the key factors leading to crack propagation and spallation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) during service. In this work, a finite element model containing both horizontal and vertical cracks is developed to explore the coupling TBC failure. The continuous growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) and dynamic sintering of the ceramic top coat are together introduced in this model. The changes of stress state and cracking driving force in the ceramic coat are first examined. Subsequently, the dynamic propagations of multiple cracks with cycles are investigated. The effect of the thermal mismatch between bond coat and substrate on the coating failure is also studied. The results show that TGO growth leads to a ratcheting rise of the strain energy at the horizontal crack tip in the ceramic coat. Ceramic sintering mainly contributes to the accumulation of strain energy at the vertical crack tip. When the vertical crack propagates to the vicinity of the horizontal crack, both of them promote each other's growth. Selecting a bond coat with lower thermal expansion coefficient than substrate can delay the propagation of the horizontal crack. The results in this study can contribute to the structural design and material selection of advanced TBCs with long lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tyrosinase (TYR) is an essential oxidase that is responsible for the regulation of multiple physiological processes and diseases. Achieving the trace and reliable detection of TYR in complex biological samples is of great significance for the diagnosis of TYR-related diseases, but which faces a great challenge. In this study, we developed an ingenious and powerful method for the ultrasensitive detection of TYR by click reaction-combined dark-field microscopy. This method begins with the formation of cuprous ions (Cu+) based on the reduction of copper ions (Cu2+) by ascorbic acid (AA). Subsequently, the formed Cu+ can catalyze the crosslinking between azide- and alkyne-functionalized gold nanoparticles, causing a significant red-shift in the scattering spectrum. However, AA can chelate with TYR, which inhibits the generation of Cu+ and subsequent click reaction, thus achieving TYR-controlled scattering spectral shift. The proposed sensing platform shows a good linear detection range of 0.01–0.8 U/L with a low detection limit of 0.003 U/L, which is three orders of magnitude lower than the best performance of TYR sensing probes reported to date. Most importantly, the strategy has the ability to reliably and accurately detect TYR in serum sample, suggesting its potential clinical application in diagnosing TYR-related diseases. This visual sensing platform offers promising prospects for future research in enzymatic analysis and biomedical diagnostics. This work developed an ingenious and powerful method for the ultrasensitive detection of tyrosinase by click reaction-combined dark-field microscopy, with a low detection limit of 0.003 U/L. [Display omitted] • Click reaction-combined dark-field imaging platform is developed for ultrasensitive detection of tyrosinase. • The platform shows a detection limit of 0.003 U/L, which is three orders of magnitude lower than the currently methods. • The strategy has the ability to reliably and accurately detect tyrosinase in complrex serum sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study attempted to verify the applicability of the microbial limit test (plate culture and membrane filtration) for 10 proprietary Chinese medicines for children. Methods. In this study, we collected 10 proprietary Chinese medicines for children as study objects and performed plate culture and membrane filtration to calculate the colony-forming unit (cfu) of microorganisms in these medicines and verify its applicability in objectionable microorganisms. Results. It was found that the recovery rate of microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger ranged from 70% to 150%. This verification was performed by plate culture or membrane filtration. Inspection for objectionable microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella paratyphi B, and bile salt-tolerant Gram-negative bacteria) was applicable for most medicines. Conclusion. Microbial limit test is feasible for the determination of microorganisms in 10 proprietary Chinese medicines for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation of vertical cracks on the surface of thermal barrier coating (TBC) may be affected by the surrounding cracks. In this study, a TBC model with multiple cracks is developed to study the effects of surrounding cracks on surface vertical crack evolution and coating spalling. Dynamic TGO growth, continuous ceramic sintering, and dynamic crack propagation are considered in the model. The general characteristics of stress state and crack evolution in the coating are first examined. Then, the effects of the surrounding horizontal and vertical cracks on the overall crack growth are investigated. The results show that the vertical crack expands to the interface and merges with the horizontal crack rapidly. The crack length variation by simulation is consistent with the reported results by experiment. The surrounding horizontal crack close to the coating surface can prevent the surface vertical crack from propagating to the interface, which is independent of the surrounding crack length. A certain density of vertical cracks with equal spacing and initial length is conducive to delaying the horizontal crack propagation near the interface. Some optimized design methods proposed in this work provide another option for developing TBC with high durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Internet addiction (IA) and depression are common among adolescents and often are co-occurring. This study examined the network structures of IA and depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) in adolescents.Methods: A total of 1,009 adolescents were recruited. IA and depression were measured using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the 9 items-Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. A network analysis was conducted to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms using centrality indices. Network stability was evaluated using the case-dropping procedure. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine whether network characteristics differed by gender.Results: Network analysis revealed that nodes IAT-15 ("Preoccupation with the Internet"), IAT-2 ("Neglect chores to spend more time online"), PHQ-6 ("Guilty"), and IAT-16 ("Request an extension for longer time spent online") were the most central symptoms within the model of coexisting IA and depression. The most important bridge symptom was node IAT-11 ("Anticipation for future online activities"), followed by IAT-12 ("Fear that life is boring and empty without the Internet") and IAT-19 ("Spend more time online over going out with others"). Gender did not significantly influence the network structure. The IA and depression network model showed a high degree of stability.Conclusion: The central symptoms along with key bridge symptoms identified could be potentially targeted when treating and preventing IA and depression among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local spalling induced by the propagation and coalescence of cracks in the ceramic layer is the fundamental reason for the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) failure. To clarify the effects of horizontal and vertical cracks on the coating failure, an integrated model combining dynamic TGO growth and ceramic sintering is developed. The effects of cracks on the normal and shear stress characteristics are analyzed. The driving force and propagation ability of cracks under different configurations are evaluated. The interaction between horizontal and vertical cracks is explored by analyzing the variation of the crack driving force. The results show that TGO growth causes the ratcheting increase of σ 22 tensile stress above the valley, and the σ 12 shear stress is on both sides of the peak. Ceramic sintering mainly contributes to the ratcheting increase of σ 11 tensile stress. There is minimum strain energy when the horizontal crack extends to the peak. The vertical cracks on the surface of the ceramic layer are easier to propagate through the coating than that of other locations. When the horizontal and vertical cracks simultaneously appear near the valley, they can promote the propagation of each other. The present results can offer theoretical support for the design of an advanced TBC system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the clinical effect of citalopram combined with acupuncture in the treatment of depression. Methods: A total of 100 patients with depression in our hospital from September 2016 to April 2018 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into the citalopram combined with acupuncture therapy group (treatment group) and the citalopram alone therapy group (control group) according to different therapeutic methods. Patients in the treatment group were treated with citalopram combined with acupuncture. Patients in the control group were treated with citalopram alone. The therapeutic effect of the two groups were compared. The time of depression improvement of patients in the two groups were compared. Condition of index score of depression and quality of life of patients in the two groups before and after treatment were compared. The condition of adverse reactions of patients in the two groups were compared. Results: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The time of depression improvement in the treatment group was better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Before treatment, the condition of index score of depression and quality of life in the two groups were similar, and the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After treatment, degrees of improvement in condition of index score of depression and quality of life in the treatment group were larger than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The condition of adverse reactions in the treatment group was similar with the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of citalopram combined with acupuncture therapy is better in the treatment of depression. The therapy can improve condition of index score of depression and quality of life better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic water splitting using renewable energy is widely considered as a clean and sustainable way to produce hydrogen as an ideal energy fuel for the future. Electrocatalysts are indispensable elements for large‐scale water electrolysis, which can efficiently accelerate electrochemical reactions occurring at both ends. Benefitting from high specific surface area, well‐defined void space, and tunable chemical compositions, hollow nanostructures can be applied as promising candidates of direct electrocatalysts or supports for loading internal or external electrocatalysts. Herein, some recent progress in the structural design of micro‐/nanostructured hollow materials as advanced electrocatalysts for water splitting is summarized. First, the design principles and corresponding strategies toward highly effective hollow electrocatalysts for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions are highlighted. Afterward, an overview of current reports about hollow electrocatalysts with diverse architectural designs and functionalities is given, including direct hollow electrocatalysts with single‐shelled, multi‐shelled, or open features and heterostructured electrocatalysts based on hollow hosts. Finally, some future research directions of hollow electrocatalysts for water splitting are discussed based on personal perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we prove the uniqueness of an energy conservative Hölder continuous weak solution to a general quasilinear wave equation by the analysis of characteristics. This result has no restriction on the size of solutions, i.e., it is a large data result. This paper is a companion paper of Cai, Chen, and Shen [J. Math. Pures Appl. (submitted); arXiv:2007.15201] addressing the Lipschitz continuous dependence of solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]