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This paper verifies whether and how the country's cultural dimensions moderate the relationship between the quality of the audit firm and the level of earnings management. The sample is formed by 88,428 observations from 18,842 companies in 23 countries, covering the period from 2011 to 2018 in an unbalanced panel. The dimensions of national culture were based on the GLOBE project, and the level of earnings management was estimated by Dechow et al. (1995). The results show that national culture influences the monitoring of the largest auditing firms and benefits companies in preparing financial statements. Such results suggest a relationship of audit bias due to cultural aspects, which may compromise the quality of accounting information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an exegesis of democracy as it manifests in the Shona people’s selected proverbial philosophy and collective thought. It argues that, contrary to the peddled cultural prejudices and Eurocentric condescending attitudes that portray African/Shona traditional leadership as monarchical and autocratic, this society had an analogue of democratic governance system, as an established tradition. Through proverbs, a collective and engaging dialogue with chiefs and their subjects gently reminded stakeholders of their responsibilities. The article avers that vivid insights of the Shona people’s cultural norms and values exude that they had a firm, genius, significant and sustainable democracy in both theory and praxis. Furthermore, the Shona people’s linguistic treasures unraveled in this analysis, typify that they have a rich oral heritage which functions as part and parcel of their history, to be exploited also by the contemporary and future generations. Shona proverbs, as this article further argues, are oral archival material worthy re-engaging for they do not only reflect the Shona people’s democratic worldview but also act as a valid, reliable and rich linguistic transcript of their traditional leadership from the classical past. The intellectual pedestals adopted in this study are sankofa and nommoic creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe present study aimed to test the hypothesis that the total word length on the Memory subtest of the Czech version of the MoCA, which is 12 syllables compared to the English version of 7 syllables, would have a significant effect on Delayed Recall scores compared to the newly created well-balanced version of the test (further MoCA-WLE). In the original Czech version of MoCA, we replaced the 12-syllable word list in the Memory subtest with a 7-syllable list (MoCA-WLE) to make it equivalent to the standard English version in this respect. We analyzed data from 83 participants in the original MoCA group (70.63 ± 7.01 years old, 14.61 ± 3.17 years of education, 30.12% males) and 83 participants in the MoCA-WLE group (70.72 ± 6.95 years old, 14.93 ± 3.48 years of education, 30.12% males). We did not find evidence for a significant word-length effect in the original MoCA versus MoCA-WLE Delayed Recall in either the Mann–Whitney U test (W = 3418.0, p = .932) or multilevel binomial regression (b = 0.10, 95% posterior probability interval [−0.46, 0.68]). The present study shows cross-cultural limits in the adaptation of the test material. The results underline the caveats of such an approach to test adaptation. Fortunately, 12-syllables in the MoCA Memory Czech version versus the original 7-syllable list did not show a detectable word-length effect. We did not find evidence for differential item functioning or cultural item bias. The original MoCA Czech version is psychometrically comparable to the original English version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For children entering out-of-home care due to child protection concerns, meaningful connections to family and culture are important and necessary. In this article the complexities of promoting cultural connections for culturally and linguistically diverse children in out-of-home care are explored. Through the use of the settlement, ethnicity, language and faith (S.E.L.F) cultural framework, practitioners and leaders working in the child and family sector can consider the cultural elements of the children in their care. The framework provides questions to explore what culture may mean for families and encourages practitioners to self-reflect on their own cultural assumptions. The framework development has been informed through community of practice reflections and learnings by the authors who have held multiple practice, leadership, and research roles in the child and family sector.IMPLICATIONSThe S.E.L.F. framework encompasses curiosity questions that guide the collection of information from children and families to aid in better understanding and enhancing cultural connection practices and to build organisational cultural competency.The framework promotes practitioner critical thinking and reflection on their own cultural bias and assumptions.The S.E.L.F. framework encompasses curiosity questions that guide the collection of information from children and families to aid in better understanding and enhancing cultural connection practices and to build organisational cultural competency.The framework promotes practitioner critical thinking and reflection on their own cultural bias and assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Historically marginalised by the health care staff, the disproportionate prevalence of health issues among LGBT people and cultural biases can often be overlooked by many practitioners. Methods: This study aimed to enhance the awareness and knowledge of 4th and 5th year pharmacy students, who are rapidly progressing towards becoming future health care professionals, regarding health issues faced by LGBT people. We conducted a study in January-February 2024 in the form of an e-survey comprising demographics (Section 1), Hudson-Rickett Homophobia Scale (Section 2), and drug knowledge level (Section 3). Section 3 consisted of 19 multiple-choice questions divided into three categories: general illnesses (6 questions), hormone therapies (6 questions), and drug interactions (7 questions), with participants directed to select appropriate responses. Pre- and post-test correct answer rates were compared. Results: A total of 140 students participated, with 53 from the 4th year and 87 from the 5th year. It was found that 28.6% of participants were identified as homophobic, with a higher percentage observed in males (45.5%) than in females (23.6%) (p=0.043). According to Poisson regression analysis, abeing acquaintedwith an LGBT individual was associated with 1.587 times decrease in the Hudson-Rickett Homophobia Scale score (p<0.001). Evaluation of correct responses to questions measuring drug knowledge revealed an increase in the mean (SD) number of correct answers from 10.31 (2.21) pre-test to 12.39 (2.64) post-test (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights inadequate education on LGBT health issues, the prevalence of homophobia among more than a quarter of students, and insufficient drug knowledge levels, yet a significant improvement was observed with the provision of brief information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we argue that current assessment practices in higher education require urgent examination and should be re-imagined in culturally responsive ways to ensure fairness for all. From sociocultural and social justice perspectives, we highlight examples of cultural and linguistic bias in assessment that disadvantages many First Nations students. Incorporating a constructivist viewpoint, we argue that assessment practices must keep pace with culturally responsive pedagogical practices to improve assessment validity for First Nations students and to maintain constructive alignment between learning, teaching, and assessment. Based on qualitative interviews with stakeholders in the On Country Teacher Education program, we describe how university lecturers changed their approaches to assessment and modified their assessment tasks to enact and create culturally responsive assessments. These practices, whilst beneficial for First Nations students, are viewed as being 'responsive' rather than 'proactive'. Recommendations include shifting to a 'proactive' stance by evaluating the validity of student learning outcomes and assessment design from the onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niche construction theory highlights the active role of organisms in modifying their environment. A subset of these modifications is the developmental niche, which concerns ecological, epistemic, social and symbolic legacies inherited by organisms as resources that scaffold their developmental processes. Since in this theory development is a situated process that takes place in a culturally structured environment, we may reasonably ask if implicit cultural biases may, in some cases, be responsible for maladaptive developmental niches. In this paper we wish to argue for an affirmative answer. In order to do so, we first propose to conceptualize implicit bias as embodied perceptual habits, and then proceed to show that these habits are at least partially responsible for maladaptive developmental niches of children with Down syndrome and autism. With this framework we thus hope to bring together two fields of research that haven't been explicitly connected: implicit bias and niche construction theory. Linking these two theories may bring benefits both to implicit bias researchers, who can extend this concept to characterize other sets of processes as biased, as well as to niche construction theorists, who will have a useful theoretical tool to diagnose maladaptive features of niches brought about by sociocultural biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore predictors of variations in White parents' racial socialization messages, we collected data on racial socialization practices, attributions for racial inequalities, and views about White privilege from White parents of White children between the ages of 10 and 14 (N = 194). After controlling for education and political ideology, endorsement of external attributions for racial inequality was related to sending more frequent messages about awareness of racism and White privilege, whereas endorsement of internal attributions was related to sending more frequent messages about colorblindness and preparation for bias. Further, beliefs about White privilege were associated with socialization regarding awareness of racism and acknowledgment of White privilege and negatively related to colorblind and preparation for bias messages. Results highlight the ways in which White parents' racial socialization approaches reflect underlying views of race and racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: First Nations Peoples consistently demonstrate strength and resilience in navigating systemic health care inequities. Acknowledging racism as a health determinant underscores the urgent need for a counterforce—cultural safety. Indigenous Allied Health Australia (IAHA) contends that with cultural responsiveness, the health workforce can take action to create a culturally safe environment. Objective: To explore features of culturally responsive occupational therapy (OT) practice when providing a service with First Nations People and examine alignment of those features with the IAHA Cultural Responsiveness in Action Framework. Design: A systematic scoping review was undertaken using CINAHL, Emcare, MEDLINE, PsychInfo and Scopus databases. Examples of culturally responsive OT practice with First Nations Peoples were mapped to the six IAHA Framework capabilities and confirmed by First Nations co‐authors. Findings: OT practice with First Nations Peoples aligned with the six capabilities to varying degrees. The importance of OTs establishing relationships with First Nations People, applying self‐reflection to uncover cultural biases, and addressing limitations of the profession's Western foundations was evident. Discussion: Recognising the interrelatedness of the six capabilities, the absence of some may result in a culturally unsafe experience for First Nations People. OTs must acknowledge the leadership of First Nations Peoples by privileging their voices and consider how established practices may reinforce oppressive systems. Conclusion: To ensure a culturally safe environment for First Nations People, the OT profession must respect the leadership of First Nations Peoples and address the limitations of the profession's Western foundations to uphold the profession's core value of client‐centred care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been called into question whether widely used screening instruments for child mental health can provide comparable results across countries and cultures. Socialization goals can influence whether and to what extent a parent considers a behavior to be problematic and thus might influence parental reports on their child's behavior. We tested comparability of parental reports between native German (N = 116) and Turkish origin (N = 77) parents in Germany in an online study using a vignette approach. Parents were asked to rate the perceived problem severity of the same behavior depicted in the vignettes. We expected and found that parents of Turkish origin in Germany rate the externalizing problem behaviour depicted in the vignettes as more problematic compared to native German parents. The effect was fully mediated by parental approval of the socialization goals obedience and collectivism. We also controlled for social desirability responding and an extreme response style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents dialectical themes that emerged from the grounded theory analysis of 42 focus groups about university sexual assault policies held at four universities in Nova Scotia, Canada. Fourteen cultural communities were represented. Data from female-identified focus groups representing five cultures is deployed to exemplify dialectical themes. When it comes to university sexual assault policies and services, students navigate conflicting needs for disclosure and privacy, justice, and protection. These tensions are intersectionally shaped by gender and culture. Our analysis and recommendations can inform practitioners, including social workers, as they support survivors/victims, particularly of campus sexual violence, in navigating the complexities of decisions about seeking support and/or justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term ‘integration’ has received considerable academic attention, much of it critical. Yet it continues to be widely used in policy and practice to capture the processes of change that occur following migration from one country to another. In an environment of increasing hostility and anti-migrant sentiment, we outline the process of working with the UK Home Office and a wide range of stakeholders to revise the original Home Office Indicators of Integration framework [Ager and Strang (2008). “Understanding Integration: A Conceptual Framework.” Journal of Refugee Studies 21: 166–191]. We directly engage with some of the key criticisms of integration by offering four core, co-developed principles: shared responsibility, context, multi-dimensionality and multi-directionality. We believe these principles cut through the institutional cultural bias of policymakers and offer a new framework for thinking about integration policy, practice and scholarship. Our work underlines the importance of scholars taking the opportunity to engage with policy and to present scientific evidence as a mechanism to confront hostile immigration practices and address the social injustices that usually accompany migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions Efforts to measure cultural identities in survey research rely on self‐reported ethnic, racial, and national identities. We test how survey operationalization of grid–group cultural theory (CT) influences the classification of individuals’ (sub)cultural identities.A national online sample of Americans (n = 697 for current analyses) rated items from CT indices, CT statements, and cultural cognition theory (CCT) indices in a 2016–2017 panel survey. Individuals were classified as identifying with a culture if they supported it (e.g., rating it above the scale mean or median, or in the top 35 percent of the scale distribution) or agreed with each item constituting the scale (the “midpoint method” introduced here).Different classification methods and cultural measures yield different proportions of support of cultural biases, yielding statistically significant differences despite most people being similarly classified. Survey measures can unequivocally assign a minority of people to a single cultural identity, with a majority so classified only if one does not require the individual to support only one bias.Using a short, conceptually valid measure of culture with the novel midpoint method seems best for CT survey researchers but should have implications more broadly in cultural identity research and social science efforts to classify individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision medicine, also known as "personalised medicine", seeks to identify strategies in the prevention and treatment of disease informed by a patient's genomic information. This allows a targeted approach to disease identification with the intention of reducing the burden of illness. Currently, both the emerging field of precision medicine and the established field of clinical genetics are highly reliant on genomic databases which are fraught with inbuilt biases, particularly from sample populations. The inequities of most concern here are those affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (or Zenadth Kes) peoples of Australia (hereafter, respectfully, Indigenous Australians). It is with this perspective that the Summer internship forINdigenous peoples inGenomics Australia endeavours to support the development of culturally appropriate genomic research with Indigenous Australians. We argue here that Indigenous researchers are best placed to create the informed, culturally safe environment necessary for Indigenous Australians to participate in genomic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racism in nursing is multifaceted, ranging from internalized racism and interpersonal racism to institutional and systemic (or structural) elements that perpetuate inequities in the nursing profession. Employing the socio‐ecological model, this study dissects the underlying challenges across various levels and proposes targeted mitigation strategies to foster an inclusive and equitable environment for nursing education. It advances clear, context‐specific mitigation strategies to cultivate inclusivity and equity within nursing education. Effectively addressing racism within this context necessitates a tailored, multistakeholder approach, impacting nursing students, faculty, administration, professional organizations, and licensing and accrediting bodies. This all‐encompassing strategy recognizes that the interplay of interpersonal dynamics, community culture, institutional policies, and broader societal structures intricately shapes individual experiences. Nurses, nurse leaders, educators, organizations, and policymakers can work together to create a more equitable and inclusive nursing profession by targeting each of these levels. This transformational process can yield positive outcomes across various environments where nurses learn, work, and serve people and enable the demographic composition of nurses to better match the populations served. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture influences responses to psychological measurements in ways unrelated to target constructs, thus biasing test scores and potentially contributing to under- and over-diagnosis of mental health problems in populations for which measures have not yet been normed. We conducted a systematic review of publications addressing response style among Latinx population groups in North and South America. In a final corpus of 24 studies, Latinx/Latin American populations were generally found to exhibit higher levels of extreme response style (n = 17), acquiescent response style (n = 10), and socially desirable responding (n = 5). The few publications (n = 3) that investigated midpoint responding reported no differences. Seven publications (29%) attempted to adjust scores to mitigate response style bias, using both scale design and statistical techniques. Findings suggest that researchers and clinicians should directly assess culturally patterned response style as a construct, rather than inferring style indirectly using other measures. For clinicians, knowledge of response style represents another facet of case conceptualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is uncertainty in identifying which aspects of functioning should be prioritized in the clinical brief assessment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Brief ICF category sets specify the essential aspects of functioning that should be addressed in such assessments. Objectives: This study aimed to develop five brief ICF category sets based on the functional limitations of children with CP, as viewed by Iranian occupational therapists (OTs). Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-method study was conducted from January to May 2022 in Iran. Nineteen OTs were recruited through purposive sampling for a Delphi process, and ten OTs through snowball sampling for an expert panel, all experienced in CP and ICF. The Delphi involved two rounds of electronic surveys, where participants identified categories that should be minimally addressed in brief assessments of children aged 6 - 12 with CP based on their functional limitations. The content validity of these sets was then quantitatively evaluated by the expert panel. Results: Most confirmed categories in the gross and fine motor brief sets pertained to body structure and function, while those in the eating-and-drinking and communication-function brief sets related to cognition and motor reflexes. Categories in the visual function brief set mostly pertained to activity, participation, and environmental factors. Content validity ratio (CVR) and item-content validity indexes (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1 across all categories/brief sets, with scale-content validity index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) ranging from 0.95 to 0.98. Conclusions: These functional-based ICF brief sets are the first developed for children with CP in this age group and provide occupational therapists with tools to address crucial aspects of functioning, tailored to specific functional limitations. However, cultural biases and the generalizability of these brief sets remain limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racially ethnically marginalized communities in the United States are exposed to structural and interpersonal forms of racism that have harmful effects on their health, wealth, education, and employment (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Racism and Health. https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/racism‐disparities/index.html, 2021). Although a plethora of research exists outlining these harmful effects, research examining how youth from diverse backgrounds effectively combat racism is lacking. Emerging research demonstrates that families may play a key role in the development of critical consciousness and participation in anti‐racist actions (Bañales et al., Journal of Social Issues, 2021, 77, 964; Blanco Martinez et al., American Journal of Community Psychology, 2022, 70, 278; Lozada et al., Journal of Black Psychology, 2017, 43, 493). Yet, many key family processes have not been examined in relation to youth development of anti‐racist practices. The current study included a sample of 327 racially ethnically diverse emerging adults (Mage = 18.80, SD = 1.28, range = 18–25), and explored the association between ethnic–racial socialization (cultural socialization, preparation for bias) and youth critical consciousness (reflection, motivation, action) and anti‐racist (interpersonal, communal, political change) actions, and how familism values impact these associations. Results found that ethnic–racial socialization was positively associated with all aspects of critical consciousness and anti‐racist actions. Results also found that familism significantly interacted with ethnic–racial socialization to predict some aspects of critical consciousness and anti‐racist actions, but not others. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Palestinian minority in Israel has endured sociopolitical stressors (e.g., ethnonational racism, discrimination, oppression, and political violence) throughout the decades, which have adverse psychological and behavioral outcomes. In this study, we examine the association between interpersonal racism (IPR) among Palestinian parents in Israel and their child neglect, the mediating role of psychological distress on this relationship, and the moderating role of perceived social support (PSS) on the mediated effect of psychological distress on this relationship. A systematic sample of 770 parents (500 mothers and 270 fathers) aged 21–66 was recruited to fill out a self-administered questionnaire composed of several instruments. The results indicate that parents' IPR experiences are associated with an increased risk of child neglect, and this relationship is mediated by psychological distress. Results also show that in low or medium levels of PSS, psychological distress reports in relation to racism exposure are the highest. Yet, surprisingly, this effect strengthens at high levels of PSS. In comparison, the positive effect of psychological distress on child neglect strengthens in lower levels of PSS, showing a protective role of PSS. Finally, PSS moderates the mediation model's indirect effect; IPR is related to increased psychological distress, and in turn, to a greater risk of child neglect when perceiving low or medium levels of social support. The study underlines the negative consequences of IPR on child neglect and contributes new knowledge to the literature. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm and extend these findings, which could have important clinical implications for treating parents facing racism and potential child neglect. Highlights: Racism is a sociopolitical problem for the Palestinian minority in Israel. The study emphasizes its adverse psychological and behavioral outcomes on parents and children. Parents who experienced ethnonational racism and perceived having lowered levels of social support were at high risk of psychological distress and child neglect. Practitioners should provide programs that contain different sources of social support (instrumental and psychosocial support) when dealing with people exposed to racism. It is essential that policymakers reconsider combating current policies and rules as well as social exclusions to reduce disparities and barriers to services among minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultural technologies of gender, race and empire drive much of the present Anthropocene crisis, now and in the past. Everyday algorithms reproduce and multiply our cultural biases on a global scale. Anthropocentrism, humanistic supremacy and individualistic territorialism are rampant, making us all less humane. Society awakes slowly from the modern illusion of categorical identities and divides that keep nature from culture, human from animal, environment from embodiment, technology from biology and arts from science and society. The argument here is for taking stock of ways of cyborg knowing—also beyond the academic confines. It is time for new knowledge integrations forged in intellectual generosity. The cyborg, as a discipline-crossing figure, proposed theory-practices and practice-theories for how to readjust our high consumption, high energy and hyper-instrumental society, and ourselves, adaptively. In this piece, I proposed that feminist STS and cyborg knowing work as a prominent entry into the transformative multiverse of feminist posthumanities in practice.A [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the term "diversity" has two related but different meanings, what authors mean when they use the term is inherently unclear. In its broad form, it refers to vast variety. In its narrow form, it refers to human demographic categories deemed deserving of special attention by social justice-oriented activists. In this article, I review Hommel's critique of Roberts et al. (2020), which, I suggest, essentially constitutes two claims: that Roberts et al.'s (2020) call for diversity in psychological science focuses exclusively on the latter narrow form of diversity and ignores the scientific importance of diversity in the broader sense, and ignoring diversity in the broader sense is scientifically unjustified. Although Hommel's critique is mostly justified, this is not because Roberts et al. (2020) are wrong to call for greater social justice-oriented demographic diversity in psychology but because Hommel's call for the broader form of diversity subsumes that of Roberts et al. (2020) and has other aspects critical to creating a valid, generalizable, rigorous, and inclusive psychological science. In doing so, I also highlight omissions, limitations, and potential downsides to the narrow manner in which psychology and the broader academy are currently implementing diversity, equity, and inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article from the Review of Policy Research discusses various topics related to policy research, cultural biases, agenda-setting, and regulation in political processes. It explores the impact of COVID-19 on policy development and public compliance, with a focus on vaccination mandates. The article also examines the role of cultural biases in shaping public support and compliance with COVID-19 policies. Additionally, it discusses the application of multiple streams framework and punctuated equilibrium theory in policy research, particularly in authoritarian states and the context of democratization. The article concludes with a study on regulatory processes in the banking sector in Turkey and the preferences of public officials regarding accountability mechanisms in public service delivery in China. [Extracted from the article]

Public support for and voluntary compliance with protective policy measures are crucial to mitigating the spread of infectious disease. However, it is unclear why and how people with diverse cultural biases support particular protective policies. Relying on the Cultural Theory (CT) of risk, we hypothesize that value congruence with social distancing and a vaccine mandate during the COVID‐19 pandemic influences the level of public support for and compliance with these protective policies. Analyzing a Chinese nationwide sample, we find that the effects of cultural biases on public support and compliance vary not only with cultural biases but by how these are mediated through value congruence with particular protective policies. As hypothesized, hierarchical cultural biases increase public support for and compliance with social distancing and a vaccine mandates both directly and (indirectly) through value congruence. By contrast, as hypothesized, fatalistic cultural biases decrease public support for and compliance with social distancing both directly and (indirectly) through lack of value congruence and individualistic biases decrease public support for and compliance with social distancing and a vaccine mandate both directly and (indirectly) through lack of value congruence. However, the hypothesized effects of fatalistic biases did not hold for the vaccine mandate. We discuss reasons why these latter hypotheses regarding the vaccine mandate were not validated and suggest that risk analysts and communicators do more to discover and explain why particular protective policies are congruent with diverse cultural values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many institutions of higher education have designed curricula for health professions learners based on the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice. As part of a periodic cycle of revision, in 2023, IPEC released revised competencies that, for the first time, explicitly embedded concepts of anti-oppressive practice. Curriculum designers seeking to revise their interprofessional learning activities to map onto the new competencies can benefit from the experience of a health professions graduate school in Boston, MA. Since 2021, faculty members and experts in justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion have revamped a required interprofessional education curriculum to include anti-oppression competencies. They targeted narrative elements of the courses like a common reading, case studies, and simulation scenarios for revision. By using narrative to introduce anti-oppression competencies like recognizing bias, analyzing systems of power, and intervening to mitigate microaggressions, course designers encouraged learners to cultivate reflection about their relationship to the care team, the patient, and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergroup bias is the tendency for people to inflate positive regard for their in-group and derogate the out-group. Across two online experiments (N = 922) this study revisits the methodological premises of research on language as a window into intergroup bias. Experiment 1 examined (i) whether the valence (positivity) of language production differs when communicating about an in- vs. out-group, and (ii) whether the extent of this bias is influenced by the positivity of input descriptors that were initially presented to participants as examples of how an in-group or out-group characterize themselves. Experiment 2 used the linear diffusion chain method to examine how biases are transmitted through cultural generations. Valence of verbal descriptions were quantified using ratings obtained from a large-scale psycholinguistic database. The findings from Experiment 1 indicated a bias towards employing positive language in describing the in-group (exhibiting in-group favoritism), particularly in cases where the input descriptors were negative. However, there was weak evidence for increased negativity aimed at the out-group (i.e., out-group derogation). The findings from Experiment 2 demonstrated that in-group positivity bias propagated across cultural generations at a higher rate than out-group derogation. The results shed light on the formation and cultural transmission of intergroup bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is some evidence for attentional biases in individuals with chronic pain (CP). Cultural and linguistic differences might affect the manifestation of these processes across populations. However, such attentional biases have not been explored in the Arabic-speaking population. The current study investigated these attentional biases and possible associations with resilience. Two matched groups of Arabic-speaking participants with (58) and without (58) CP were recruited from Jordan and the United Kingdom. They completed emotionally modified versions of the Posner cueing and Stroop tasks, alongside questionnaires. Significant group differences were found for the Posner task, with the CP group exhibiting disengagement revealed by the inhibition of return (IOR) effect for sensory pain-related cues compared to delayed disengagement for the other cue types. The control group showed IOR across cue types. No group differences were found on the Stroop task. The CP group had lower resilience scores than healthy controls, and resilience moderated performance on the Posner task. The study provides preliminary evidence about the attentional processes in the Arabic population; the speed of disengagement is affected in the CP group with early disengagement for sensory pain-related information compared to affect pain and neutral stimuli. Furthermore, resilience levels in the CP and control group moderated the performance on the Posner task, suggesting that it influences attentional allocation. This study can help in understanding how the phenomenon of attention bias intertwines with the cultural and linguistic factors. Future research should further explore attentional dynamics across different time points in this population and the modulatory effect of resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical models of conformity and anti-conformity have commonly included a set of simplifying assumptions. For example, (1) there are m = 2 cultural variants in the population, (2) naive individuals observe the cultural variants of n = 3 adult "role models," and (3) individuals' levels of conformity or anti-conformity do not change over time. Three recent theoretical papers have shown that departures from each of these assumptions can produce new population dynamics. Here, we explore cases in which multiple, or all, of these assumptions are violated simultaneously: namely, in a population with m variants of a trait where conformity (or anti-conformity) occurs with respect to n role models, we study a model in which the conformity rates at each generation are random variables that are independent of the variant frequencies at that generation. For this model a class of symmetric constant equilibria exist, and it is possible that all of these equilibria are simultaneously stochastically locally stable. In such cases, the effect of initial conditions on subsequent evolutionary trajectories becomes very complicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The affective contagion theory is essential in marketing and consumer research. By integrating this perspective with cross-cultural mobile marketing, our study explores the role of valenced emotions aroused by cultural elements within the app and further affective contagion effects, culture affinity as antecedent, and cross-cultural factors that may affect these evaluations. Based on three evaluative conditioning experiments with foreign users in China, we found the valenced emotion aroused by cultural elements in local apps (movie posters, media content, products) triggers a contagion effect on their attitudes toward the app. Moreover, we validate the role of culture affinity in providing ex-ante emotional associations during the appraisal process, the negative impact of language foreignness, and the interaction between app origin and political ideology. Our findings hold practical implications for app developers and marketers, particularly regarding the relationship between emotion and cultural bias in global markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we make the case for the theoretical and practical usage of the concept of the “biographical trajectory” (Riemann & Schütze, 1991, p. 342; Schütze, 1999) in social work practice with people who have left “high-cost” religious groups. We illustrate this through our analysis of the life stories and biographical trajectories of three individuals who have disaffiliated from either the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS) or the Jehovah’s Witnesses. We discuss how their biographical trajectory developed during the time they were members of their specific religious group, and how they are addressing it through their disaffiliation. Implications for social work practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on mental health rhetoric research (MHRR), I explore how legal advocates in non-profit organizations guide survivors of domestic abuse in obtaining orders for protection (OFPs). State statutes not only dictate what a petition for an OFP must contain, but these statutes and resulting documents also reflect cultural and structural biases about domestic abuse. Through rhetorical analysis of state statutes and personal interviews with legal advocates in this inductive and qualitative study, I discovered that these advocates engage in subversive rhetorical intervention, what the advocates call "crafty" intervention. Such intervention is designed to meet the requirements of state statutes for an OFP and also provide a way for survivors to tell their stories in their own way. This intervention sets the stage for helping survivors heal from the trauma of domestic abuse, convincing judges that survivors need OFPs to stay safe, and demonstrating to state legislators that domestic abuse statutes may be too restrictive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bringing together narrative elements, virtual affordances, and participants' embodied interactions, virtual reality (VR) movies instantiate new narrative techniques by offering an immersive experience. This study examines virtual narrative beyond mere interactional engagement and extends the phenomenon to include worlding, metaleptic embodiment, and instantiated possible selves. It aims at exploring VR narrative as idiosyncratic cognitive processes, with a special focus on the notions of empathy and emotional involvement as significant elements contributing to this peculiar interactional and cognitive experience. A cognitive stylistic approach is adopted to explain the functional ability of VR technology in transporting participants to alternate worlds and in making them experience a kind of self-transformation. The immersively metaleptic discourse of Baba Yaga is examined as engaging participants in a quest of how to act as morally and socially empathetic and responsible citizens— global citizens. Baba Yaga narrative deploys the narrative discourses of flashbacks, facework, doubly deictic 'you', performatives, and imperatives along with material processes to situate participants in a virtual space of actions and doings and hence encourage them to configure their desired self(ves) across different immersive interactions. The global citizen is embodied in the interactive narrative of Baba Yaga , through invoking various storyworld possible selves (SPSs): the feeling self, the responsible self, and the moral self, which encompasses climate activist self and interculturally aware self who manages to get rid of its own cultural biases as the narrative proceeds. Embodied in these selves, participants transform the virtual world into possible worlds of their own passion, agency, choices, hopes, and desires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper has analysed the impact of cultural dimensions, investor sentiment and uncertainty on bank stock returns. Also, the study examined the influences of the interaction between cultural dimensions and individual (private) sentiment (investor sentiment). Design/methodology/approach: To meet the study's objectives, a two-step generalised method of moments estimator was applied to the study sample, which included 105 banks in the nine Middle East and North African region countries between 2010 and 2020. Findings: The cultural dimensions of individualism and masculinity were found to have a positive and significant effect on banks' buy and hold stock return (BUH). At the same time, power distance and uncertainty avoidance were discovered to have negative effects. Besides, the findings revealed that the interactions of power distance, individual sentiment and uncertainty avoidance had positive and significant relationships with banks' BUH. However, individualism, individual sentiment and masculinity had inverse relationships with banks' BUH. Furthermore, the findings revealed that investor sentiment positively influenced banks' BUH. Finally, uncertainty influenced banks' BUH stock returns positively. Research limitations/implications: Important implications for participants in the financial sector and governments may be learnt from this study's conclusions. Due to cultural biases, this study's findings suggested that investors overreact in the stock market. Originality/value: Additionally, this research comprises one of the few studies that have overviewed the link between classical and behavioural finance in MENA countries with distinctive cultural characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research sought to explore post-traumatic growth experience among Chinese women with breast cancer. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was utilised to understand Chinese women's post-traumatic growth experience. 24 women with breast cancer were recruited from China. Data was collected through semi-structured, interviews. Three categories were developed from the data: renewing self-perception, encountering changes in relationships, and altering philosophical values and beliefs. The unique manifestations of post-traumatic growth highlight the need for development and adaption of the post-traumatic growth inventory to reduce cultural biases within the assessment tool and incorporate new culturally appropriate items. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionally affects women compared to men. The impact of IPV is amplified during pregnancy. Screening or enquiry in the antenatal outpatient setting regarding IPV has been fraught with barriers that prevent recognition and the ability to intervene. Aims: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the barriers that face obstetricians/gynaecologists regarding enquiry of IPV in antenatal outpatient settings. The secondary objective was to determine facilitators. Methods: Primary evidence was searched using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Maternity and Infant Care, PubMed and Proquest from 1993 to May 2023. The included studies comprised empirical studies published in English language targeting a population of doctors providing antenatal outpatient care. The review was PROSPERO‐registered (CRD42020188994). Independent screening and review was performed by two authors. The findings were analysed thematically. Results: Nine studies addressing barriers and two studies addressing facilitators were included: three focus‐group or semi‐structured interviews, six surveys and two randomised controlled trials. Barriers for providers centred at the system level (time, training), provider level (personal beliefs, cultural bias, experience) and provider‐perceived patient level (fear of offending, patient readiness to disclose). Increased experience and the use of validated tools were strong facilitators. Conclusion: Barriers to screening reflect multi‐level obstruction to the identification of women exposed to IPV. Although the antenatal outpatient clinic setting addresses a particular population vulnerable to IPV, the barriers for obstetricians are not unique. The use of validated cueing tools provides an evidence‐based method to facilitate enquiry of IPV among antenatal women, assisting in identification by clinicians. Together with education and human resources, such aids build capacity in women and obstetric providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) training is essential to graduate medical education, but it lacks standardization. Although the impact of providers’ biases and cultural competency on patient outcomes is well documented, the value of and satisfaction with DEI curricula in Pediatrics residency training programs is not well studied. This study aimed to complete a cross-sectional evaluation of the current DEI curriculum at a large Pediatrics-focused academic institution and identify areas of perceived deficiency among Pediatrics trainees. Methods: Residents and residency program directors completed surveys in 2020. Respondents evaluated the DEI curriculum of the program and the competency of residents to complete patient care related to specific DEI-oriented actions. Our analysis used descriptive statistics. Results: In total, 48 of 137 resident trainees (35%) and 7 of 9 program leaders (78%) completed the survey. Respondents were most dissatisfied with current education related to implicit bias, refugee/immigrant health, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and other health topics. Respondents reported low resident competency in DEI-focused patient care tasks and did not view residents as competent to address the healthcare needs of patients and families experiencing racism. Conclusions: Pediatrics residents and program directors consider DEI topics important and express a need for more robust DEI curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce prejudice and to promote intergroup harmony and equality, the imagined intergroup contact technique, based on the mental simulation of an encounter with an outgroup member, has been proposed. Though a substantial body of research has provided support for the efficacy of imagined intergroup contact in prejudice reduction, an alternative strand of research has raised questions about its effectiveness. In this experiment, we combined imagined intergroup contact with cultural humility, that is, an other-oriented, humble approach toward people with different cultural backgrounds, recognizing status and power imbalances and privileges. Specifically, we tested whether instructions aimed at eliciting cultural humility during imagined contact boosted its effectiveness in reducing prejudice and promoting future contact intentions, compared to a standard imagined contact condition and to a control imagination task. Intergroup anxiety was tested as a mediator of the effects of culturally humble imagined contact on reduced prejudice and on future contact intentions. We found that culturally humble imagined contact, compared to the two other conditions, reduced intergroup anxiety and yielded indirect effects on reduced prejudice and increased future contact intentions. The findings will be discussed by focusing on the integration of cultural humility in prejudice reduction techniques based on intergroup contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite several psychometric advantages over the 50-item Autism Spectrum Quotient, an instrument used to measure autistic traits, the abridged AQ-28 and its cross-cultural validity have not been examined as extensively. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of the AQ-28 in 818 Dutch (M age = 37.4, 581 females, 233 males, 4 others) and 437 Malaysian (M age = 23.0, 328 females, 99 males, 10 others) participants from the general population. The hierarchical structure of the AQ-28 showed fair and good fit in Malaysia and in the Netherlands, respectively. A multi-group invariance analysis supported that the AQ-28 is cross-culturally invariant. Malaysians (M = 68.63, SD = 8.33) scored significantly higher than Dutch participants (M = 51.48, SD = 10.30) on the AQ-28 while gender was controlled for. While the measurement invariance suggests that the AQ-28 functions similarly in Malaysia and the Netherlands in terms of structure, exploratory analyses showed 11 items with differential item functioning. Hence, while the AQ-28 possesses a stable factor structure and appears to measure the same latent traits in Malaysia and the Netherlands, some items potentially display cultural bias which, in turn, might explain the differences in AQ scores. The AQ-28 is a questionnaire measuring autistic traits, that is, traits that are related to Autism Spectrum Conditions, but its reliability in other cultures has not been thoroughly evaluated. We, therefore, tested whether the properties of the AQ-28 are comparable between two countries with different cultures, Malaysia and the Netherlands. A total of 437 Malaysian and 818 Dutch participants completed the AQ-28 online. We measured whether the AQ-28 measures autistic traits similarly in Malaysia and the Netherlands. The AQ-28 measures autistic traits similarly, and the reliability was acceptable and good in the general population of Malaysia and the Netherlands, respectively. However, Malaysians scored higher than Dutch participants. Moreover, 11 AQ-28 items showed cultural bias, indicating that these items are answered/interpreted differently in Malaysia and the Netherlands. Cross-cultural differences in interpreting, reporting, and/or expressing autistic traits highlighted in this study could potentially explain why some items are culturally biased and why Malaysians score higher on these items. The findings of this work imply that cutoff scores derived from one culture should not be generalised to another culture. Moreover, the findings are informative for future development of culturally neutral or appropriate screening and diagnostic tools for autism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular screening can lead to early diagnosis of breast cancer. Australia is one of the countries with a high rate of participation in breast cancer screening, while in Iran, most patients are diagnosed in advanced stages. This qualitative study used a thematic analysis method to examine the attitudes and beliefs of Iranian and Australian women toward breast cancer and breast cancer screening. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Iranian and seven Australian women. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis with an inferential approach. According to the results, four main themes were extracted for the perceptions of breast cancer, including "the meaning of breast cancer", "causes of breast cancer", "prevention of breast cancer" and "effects of significant people in life". Considering the perceptions of breast cancer screening, three themes were identified, including "beliefs about breast cancer screening," "sources of information about breast cancer screening," and "barriers to breast cancer screening." Cultural and social factors influence women's perceptions of breast cancer and screening. Therefore, investigating the cultural meaning of breast cancer and breast cancer screening for women can be useful for screening and prevention purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influence of cultural factors and reading habits on the propensity for book theft among users of tertiary institution libraries in Nigeria. Utilizing a questionnaire-based methodology aligned with the study’s objectives, 316 questionnaires were distributed, resulting in a robust response rate of 97.8%. Data analysis employed frequency counts, percentages, and binary logistic regression to test two hypotheses. The findings revealed a predominantly negative perception of book theft among students, with a mean perception score of 3.29. A significant majority (74.4%) of respondents recognized the impact of cultural biases on book theft, while reading habits were reported to be notably high (45.6%) among Nigerians. However, contrary to expectations, the binary logistic regression analysis showed no significant association between beliefs about book theft and actual engagement in bibliokleptomania (B = .847, p > .05; 95% CI [.481, 1.823], p = .847), leading to the rejection of the primary hypothesis. The study concludes with recommendations based on its findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cross-cultural interactions and cultural bubbles have been researched extensively in tourism, these issues have often been viewed one-sidedly. More precisely, in contemporary literature, cultural bubbles are mostly considered one-sided biases that prevent tourists from fully enjoying the culture of their hosts. Besides that, it is important to bear in mind that a tourist offer itself is also formed from the perspectives of tourism experience designers and tourism managers. Therefore, it is important to consider how the perception of a tourist offer is distorted by looking from inside the bubble of tourist culture. This paper highlights managers' cultural biases in designing tourist experiences, which have often been overlooked in cross-cultural tourism studies. It is crucial to have this discussion now so that the global tourist industry can continue to provide local experiences, as tourism managers and employees in the sector are increasingly interacting with people from diverse cultural contexts. This might be beneficial for the cultural expression of destinations, on the one hand, as well as for providing more valuable experiences for tourists, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted two studies to investigate how cultural differences based on country of origin influence the selection process in an asynchronous video interview (AVI) context. We drew upon the GLOBE cultural value dimensions and individual measures of prejudice to examine if raters evaluate job applicants who are more culturally dissimilar to them more negatively than culturally similar applicants. Professionals with hiring experience from the United Kingdom were recruited via the Prolific platform and asked to watch and evaluate pre‐recorded video responses from five culturally diverse applicants. Results across both studies were only somewhat consistent with the GLOBE framework. For instance, raters did demonstrate a strong preference for Canadian and South African interviewees over other countries. Right‐wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation were non‐significant in moderating how evaluations were assigned; however, ethnocentrism levels did modestly impact evaluations in Study 2. This research is the first to investigate how cultural factors can impact the selection process in an AVI context. As the number of organizations that rely on virtual interviews increases and globalization makes it likely for applicants and interviewers to be from different cultural backgrounds, our research is highly relevant in understanding the impact of these elements on hiring decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores issues of what is seen and not seen, recorded and disregarded, as they relate to the author's practical experimentations with alternate uses/forms of the camera. These alternates include the slit-scan camera and a little-known form called the cylinder pinhole camera, which was originally designed and tested by the photo historian Joel Snyder. What do these cameras tell us, the author asks, about the center and periphery of an image as it exists inside a camera before that image is recorded on film? The prioritization of content at the center of an image, the article argues, is consistent with the West's cultural bias toward making two-dimensional images on rectangular surfaces, such as drawings, paintings, and photographs. But we see something very different by looking into the black box of the camera, something not so rectangular. The figures included here, then, are meant to disrupt the center-periphery binary that has ruled photography in the West. These photos offer new insight into social expectations about the capacity of the camera, of panoramic images, and about strategies for analysis of art-making practices in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (pmTBI) has received increased public attention over the past decade, especially for children who experience persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS). Common methods for obtaining pediatric PCS rely on both self- and parental report, exhibit moderate test-retest reliability, and variable child–parent agreement, and may yield high false positives. The current study investigated the impact of age and biological sex on PCS reporting (Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory) in patients with pmTBI (n = 286) at retrospective, 1 week, 4 months, and 1 year post-injury time points, as well as reported symptoms in healthy controls (HC; n = 218) at equivalent assessment times. HC and their parents reported higher PCS for their retrospective rating relative to the other three other study visits. Child–parent agreement was highest for female adolescents, but only approached acceptable ranges (≥ 0.75) immediately post-injury. Poor-to-fair child/parental agreement was observed for most other study visits for pmTBI and at all visits for HC. Parents rated female adolescents as being more symptomatic than their male counterparts in spite of small (pmTBI) or no (HC) sex-related differences in self-reported ratings, suggestive of a potential cultural bias in parental ratings. Test-retest reliability for self-report was typically below acceptable ranges for both pmTBI and HC groups, with reliability decreasing for HC and increasing for pmTBI as a function of time between visits. Parental test–retest reliability was higher for females. Although continued research is needed, current results support the use of child self-report over parental ratings for estimating PCS burden. Results also highlight the perils of relying on symptom self-report for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on three theses, first, the universal and cultural nature of dualism, second, the contrast between Western dualism embodied by "God the Father" and Chinese dualism represented by "Dao the Mother"; and third, the interpretation of history as an ongoing patriarchal rationalization shaped by cultural tendencies. Topics include the dualistic perspectives in Western and Chinese traditions and the features and historical developments that contribute to their worldviews.

Refugees encounter numerous healthcare access barriers in host countries, leading to lower utilization rates and poorer health outcomes. In the US, social inequities and fragmented health systems may exacerbate these disparities. Understanding these factors is necessary to ensure equitable care of refugee populations. A systematic literature review of qualitative studies on US adult refugee healthcare access from January 2000 to June 2021 was performed in accordance with PRISMA. Studies were analyzed deductively and then inductively to incorporate previous findings in other resettlement countries and emergence of US-specific themes. 64 articles representing 16+ countries of origin emerged from the final analysis, yielding nine interrelated themes related to health literacy, cost of services, cultural beliefs, and social supports, among others. The main challenges to refugees' healthcare access emerge from the interactions of care fragmentation with adverse social determinants. Given diverse barriers, integrated care models are recommended in treating refugee populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article presents our perspective on psychological and physiological mechanisms underlying concepts from the domain of affect, emotion, and motivation. We suggest that these concepts are linked to sensorimotor and interoceptive systems, and as such represent a paradigmatic example of embodied conceptual processing. In view of recent debates about the scope of embodiment, however, we argue that the use of grounded resources in emotion concepts is flexible and context dependent. The degree to which embodied resources are engaged during conceptual processing depends upon multiple factors, including an individual's task, goals, resources, as well as constraints both temporal and situational. In addition, we highlight the extent to which conceptual understanding of emotion, and its specific embodiment, is shaped by social and cultural influences. Accordingly, we call for research that more fully incorporates higher-order psychological factors into the study of the physiological and neural mechanisms that underpin emotion concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiothoracic (CT) surgery workforce continues to suffer from underrepresentation of women and minority physicians. The presence of implicit bias in the recruitment process may impair efforts to enhance the diversity of our training programs. Using a systematic approach, we aimed to investigate and optimize our candidate selection processes to minimize implicit bias. Internal review of a single center's CT fellowship program selection process was conducted. Areas of potential bias were evaluated. Specifically, we investigated how interview questions were selected, how candidates were assessed during interviews, and how they were compared after interviews. Proactive measures were implemented to remove identified sources of bias. Several areas of potential bias were identified, including variability in types of questions asked and disparities in how candidates were scored. We noted the presence of potentially gendered language, cultural bias, and stereotyping within traits being scored. With the goals of intentionally promoting diversity and inclusion, we selected five traits as likely predictors of success which served as the framework from which standardized interview questions were created. The interview scoresheet was modified to include all attributes felt to be important, while eliminating irrelevant confounders and language that could carry potential advantage to specific groups. By implementing strategies to identify and remove sources of implicit bias in the interview and recruitment process, our training program improved its process for the recruitment of a diverse cadre of matriculants. We must aim not only to diversify the composition of our trainee classes, but also to ensure equitable support, mentorship, and sponsorship throughout training and career advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claims of discrimination made by high‐status groups (e.g., White people, men) have become increasingly more common. To understand ingroup support for such claims, we examined perceivers' group identification (GID) and perceived social costs as contributing factors. In addition, we examined the impact of the claimant blaming 'diversity' as a source of discrimination to see if this may influence perceptions of social costs and ultimately support. Across three experiments, we found that GID predicted support for the claimant among Whites and men when the claim blamed diversity, which was mediated by perceptions of group‐level social costs, suggesting that mentioning diversity as part of their claim may influence support for the claimant. We found similar patterns of results for liking and behavioral intentions. Results suggest that it is important to examine aspects of the claim and perceivers' perceptions of social costs when examining support for discrimination claimants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]