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Purpose: This study investigates the role of perceived social support from family and friends in enhancing life satisfaction among Syrian refugees in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 636 Syrian refugees residing in Istanbul and Hatay provinces. The study used the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, the COVID-19 State Anxiety Sources Scale, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the relationships between social support, COVID-19-related anxieties, and life satisfaction. Results: Both family and friend social support were positively associated with life satisfaction. Friend social support was negatively associated with COVID-19-related economic anxiety, daily routine change anxiety, and isolation anxiety. These anxieties mediated the relationship between friend social support and life satisfaction. Discussion: The results suggest that strengthening social support from families and friends can mitigate the adverse effects of economic and routine-related anxieties among refugees, with friend support playing a more crucial role. Conclusion: Social support is vital for enhancing life satisfaction among Syrian refugees in Türkiye during public health crises. Policy interventions should aim to reinforce these systems to build resilient refugee communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid global constraints imposed by COVID‐19, the education sector witnessed sudden transformations, including school closures and the adoption of distance learning, leading to heightened anxiety among Filipino teachers and impacting their overall well‐being. This study explores the mediating roles of burnout and work–life balance in the associations between COVID‐19 anxiety and life satisfaction among teachers. Data were collected from 532 teachers (73.3% women; meanage = 27.93 ± 1.27 years) engaged in remote work through an online survey using self‐reported questionnaires. Results indicated a significant and adverse influence of COVID‐19 anxiety on life satisfaction. Also, COVID‐19 anxiety showed an effect on both burnout and work–life balance. A significant association between work–life balance and life satisfaction was found, with work–life balance playing a significant mediating role in the relationship between COVID‐19 anxiety and life satisfaction. These results suggest that the anxiety induced by COVID‐19 disrupts the equilibrium between work–life balance and increases burnout, leading to reduced life satisfaction. To mitigate these negative effects on life satisfaction, policymakers and school authorities should devise effective strategies aimed at alleviating teachers' anxiety related to COVID‐19. This approach aims to ultimately diminish burnout, fostering an improvement in work–life balance and life satisfaction for educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the formal declaration of the end of the global health emergency related to COVID-19, the disease continues to pose significant challenges worldwide. This study addresses the gap in existing literature regarding the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on university students during the peak of the pandemic. Specifically, it examined how COVID-19 anxiety influenced the meaning in life, life orientation, and academic motivation; variables that are known predictors of student success and their overall well-being. Conducted as a non-experimental quantitative cross-sectional study, data were collected from 557 participants selected through purposive sampling. The research used the Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire to gather relevant data. Findings reveal that COVID-19 anxiety has a negative influence on academic motivation, presence of meaning, and life orientation. The results also indicate a positive relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and the search for meaning in life. These findings not only enhance the understanding of the pandemic's adverse impacts on university students but also provide a basis for future interventions and strategies by educational stakeholders and policymakers aimed at mitigating these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThere is growing interest in the association between COVID-19-related stressors and quality of life. This study aimed to extend current knowledge by investigating the potential mediating roles of COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 burnout in the association between fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 quality of life in nurses. A total of 300 nurses were selected by convenience sampling approach from a training and research hospital serving as a pandemic hospital in Turkey. COVID-19 anxiety, COVID-19 burnout, and COVID-19 quality of life data were collected using the self-reported questionnaires using both online and paper-and-pencil versions of the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to conduct serial multiple mediation analysis. We found statistically significant associations among fear of COVID-19, COVID-19 anxiety, COVID-19 burnout, and COVID-19 quality of life. Serial multiple mediation analysis revealed that the association of fear of COVID-19 with COVID-19 quality of life was partially mediated by COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 burnout. These results indicate that the association of fear of COVID-19 with COVID-19 quality of life in nurses may be changed through COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 burnout, which appear to play serial multiple mediating roles in this association. These findings enrich our understanding of the associations among these psychological factors and suggest that focusing solely on fear of COVID-19 without considering the mediating effects of COVID-19 anxiety and COVID-19 burnout might not be adequate for reducing the COVID-19–impact on the quality of life among nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) scores for participants from blue states, red states, and purple states across 276 days ranging from April 18, 2020 to January 23, 2021. The CAS scores increased with knowing and caring for an individual with COVID-19, following social distancing guidelines, hours talking and thinking about COVID-19, hypochondria, neuroticism, depression, anxiety, stress, negative PANAS, and time, whereas they decreased with positive PANAS. More importantly, the CAS scores were higher for participants from blue states than for participants from purple states, and the positive relation between CAS scores and time was only significant for participants from blue states. We connected media events that occurred concurrently for high CAS scores overall and for high CAS scores for participants from blue states. The spikes in CAS ratings occurred along with COVID-19 contagion, partisan reactions to protests for slain African Americans (e.g., George Floyd), and the 2020 presidential election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, this study investigates the effect of daily COVID-19 news on daily anxiety and protective behaviors (e.g., wearing masks and washing hands). This study proposes that such processes, leading to self-protection, are highly likely when individuals have directly experienced the Wuhan epidemic at the beginning of 2020, which is the most serious COVID-19 outbreak in history. Methods: The positive effect of daily COVID-19 news on daily protective behaviors through daily COVID-19 anxiety was examined in this study, which was hypothesized to be accentuated by direct Wuhan epidemic experience. An online survey based on the experience sample method (ESM) was conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in Hebei Province, China, at the beginning of 2021, in which 82 working adults participated in a daily survey for five consecutive days. Once a day during the five-day period, the participants reported their daily COVID-19 news exposure, daily COVID-19 anxiety, and daily protective behaviors. Wuhan epidemic experience was measured by the place of residence of the participants during the 2020 Wuhan epidemic through a separate general survey conducted before the ESM survey. Results: Analysis of 392 day-level data confirmed the positive link between daily COVID-19 news and daily protective behaviors, mediated by daily COVID-19 anxiety (b = 0.03, SE = 0.01, p = 0.018). Furthermore, the mediated effect was significant for the participants with direct COVID-19 experience in Wuhan in 2020 (b = 0.05, SE = 0.03, p = 0.041) but not significant for those without direct experience in Wuhan (b = 0.01, SE = 0.01, p = 0.461). Thus, the results confirmed the positive moderating role of Wuhan epidemic experience. Conclusions: The analysis reveals the psychological mechanism through which COVID-19 information promotes self-protection measures to control the infectious disease and highlights the importance of direct COVID-19 experience in generating such an effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: To determine the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among university students in Jordan and its relationship with different socio-demographic factors and coronavirus-related anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Over a period of four months, a cross-sectional research design was implemented using a Google Forms online survey, which was comprised of questions relating to socio-demographic factors, chronic illnesses, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item questionnaire, and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. The survey was conducted with 470 participants. Results: The prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder was found to be 41.3%, with females (n=155) being approximately four times more susceptible than males (p=0.000). Individuals with chronic medical conditions or those taking chronic medication were found to be at a higher risk of developing generalized anxiety disorder (63%, p=0.007 and 65.7%, p=0.002 respectively). Unexpectedly, participants living alone (n=15, 24.2%) were less likely to experience generalized anxiety disorder (p=0.003) compared to those living with family (n=179, 43.9%). Lastly, compared to the smoker group, generalized anxiety disorder was more common in the non-smokers (33.3% vs 43.8% respectively, p=0.048). Conclusions: Due to the burden of the current pandemic and its correlation with socio-demographic factors and chronic illnesses, the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder among university students has increased significantly. Therefore, there is a pressing need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of generalized anxiety disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 imposed significant shifts in global health, particularly in understanding and addressing anxiety disorders precipitated by pandemic-related stressors. The current study aimed to adapt and validate the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire (C-19 A) for Arabic-speaking populations (C-19 A-A), assessing its structural integrity, concurrent validity, factorial validity, and reliability. Methods: The data of 571 individuals, including age range, educational history, gender, and marital status, were collected through online platforms. The translation process of C-19 A-A underwent rigorous verification by linguistic and subject matter experts. Several advanced statistical procedures were used to examine the C-19 A-A's reliability, validity, and measurement invariances across demographic subsets. Results: The results indicated robust internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.889, confirming the questionnaire's reliability. Concurrent validity showed significant and positive correlations between C-19-A and FCV-19S (r = 0.77, p < 0.000). EFA revealed a dominant factor explaining 60.4% of the variance, bolstering the questionnaire's factorial validity. CFA further validated the model's adequacy across different demographic groups. Specifically, demographic factors such as age, gender, and educational level showed distinct patterns of COVID-19-related anxiety. Conclusion: The validated Arabic version of the C-19 A-A represents a pivotal tool for assessing pandemic-induced anxiety within Arabic-speaking communities. Its deployment enables targeted identification of vulnerable individuals, facilitating tailored health interventions and informing clinical strategies. This research underscores the pivotal role of culturally attuned assessment instruments in shaping effective public health responses and therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the psychological sequelae of global health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related psychological distress and adolescents' cyberbullying behaviours has garnered attention. Although the global COVID‐19 pandemic has ended, examining adolescents' cyberbullying behaviours in the context of this disaster and revealing the potential complex interaction effects of COVID‐19 anxiety and peer and teacher factors on adolescents' cyberbullying behaviours, especially in non‐Western cultural contexts, hold inspirational value for developing more effective prevention or intervention programs for future disasters. We examined the moderation effects of bullying victimization and teachers' emotional violence (TEV) on the association between COVID‐19 anxiety and cyberbullying among adolescents in China. Data were collected from a recruited sample of 514 junior high school students in Beijing, China. Adolescent anxiety about COVID‐19 was positively correlated with cyberbullying. The moderating effects of the TEV and bullying victimization on the association between COVID‐19 anxiety and cyberbullying among adolescents were significant. The positive link between COVID‐19 anxiety and cyberbullying was stronger among adolescents with high bullying victimization and TEV. This study offers preliminary evidence on the risk of TEV and bullying victimization in the association between COVID‐19 anxiety and cyberbullying in Eastern cultures. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic directly threatened our health and safety, while contradictory scientific and media reports generated uncertainty. Social information processing theory suggests that employees may have relied on their coworkers, via coworker support, to make sense of the confusion. Because previous research shows that coworker support can counterintuitively increase strain, we investigated the effects of coworker support on strain during the pandemic. Specifically, we collected data from a heterogeneous US sample of 314 working parents in May 2020 to illustrate the path from personal traits (i.e., optimism, generalized self‐efficacy, and internal locus of control) to COVID‐19 anxiety to workplace outcomes (i.e., self‐rated performance, emotional exhaustion, and work–family conflict) in a multiphasic study design. Employees with low levels of these traits reported more COVID‐19 anxiety, and in turn, more decrement to their workplace outcomes. This mediation is moderated by coworker social support, such that the indirect effect is exacerbated by coworker social support. This is consistent with social information processing theory, which states that coworker social support can unintentionally corroborate and amplify employee stress perceptions. We therefore recommend that, when faced with significant adversity, organizations provide communication training oriented toward increasing positive coworker interactions and guiding social information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the trajectories of anxiety, general anxiety and more specifically COVID-19 anxiety in the period of school closure in Slovenia using a longitudinal design with three time points: at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the school year. We have used data from a representative adolescent sample for Slovenia (n = 1233) and two anxiety scales: the LAOM Anxiety Scale and the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale. The findings from latent growth curve models show a significant difference in initial levels and a decrease in both types of anxiety as well as an interaction effect between the initial level and the rate of change of COVID-19 anxiety. In addition to investigating the change in time, we were interested in covariates. The findings show significant effects of: (a) gender, school level and academic achievement on initial levels of COVID-19 anxiety; (b) gender and school level on initial levels of anxiety; (c) gender on the rate of change in anxiety; (d) academic achievement on the rate of change in COVID-19 anxiety; and, additionally, (e) the significant but different role that school belongingness plays in anxiety and in particular COVID-19 anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has been linked with caloric overeating and weight gain. We employed a mediation analysis to determine whether pandemic-associated overeating was a direct effect of Covid-19-related anxiety (affect regulation theory) or mediated by a coping mechanism of escape eating (escape theory). A diverse pool of college students participated in a repeated cross-sectional study during three separate waves: May 2021 (wave 1, n = 349), December 2021 (wave 2, n = 253), and March 2022 (wave 3, n = 132). The results revealed a significant indirect effect of Covid-19-related anxiety on high-caloric overeating mediated by escape eating, but no direct path between Covid-19-related anxiety and caloric overeating. Analysis of racial/ethnic status uncovered significantly greater Covid-weight gain in Hispanic participants compared with White, Black, and Asian participants. Our results suggest that Covid-19 weight gain is a byproduct of a mediated escape mechanism differentially affecting racial/ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fading affect bias (FAB) refers to the faster fading of unpleasant affect than pleasant affect. The present study investigated various healthy and unhealthy variables as predictors of the FAB across physical symptoms of coronavirus anxiety (PSCA) as well as across events involving and not involving COVID‐19. The data were collected in the heart of the pandemic from April 18, 2020 to January 23, 2021. As expected, social distancing, grit, positive positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), and rehearsals positively predicted the FAB, whereas negative PANAS, depression, generalized anxiety, and stress negatively predicted the FAB. These results supported the mobilization‐minimization hypothesis, self‐enhancement theories, and the broaden and build theory. Interestingly, PSCA moderated the relations of several variables, such that grit, hypochondria, neuroticism, average daily hours thinking and talking about COVID‐19, negative PANAS, and anxiety predicted the FAB in the expected ways at low PSCA, but all the variables, except negative PANAS and anxiety, positively predicted the FAB at high PSCA. The negative relations between FAB and both negative PANAS and anxiety diminished from low to medium PSCA, and those negative relations remained small at high PSCA. Rehearsal ratings did not mediate the 3‐way interactions. These results emphasize the dramatic effect on emotion regulation, as measured by the FAB, produced by the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated anxiety and triggered a new and specific COVID-19 anxiety in all age groups, especially in adolescence. The aim of the present study was to identify differences between anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety in profiles of positive outcomes by using the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework (i.e., the Five Cs of competence, confidence, character, caring, and connection) on a sample of 1,977 adolescents from Slovenia (57.4% females; Mage = 15.34 years) from lower- and upper-secondary schools. Latent profile analysis revealed four distinctive profiles: High PYD, Self-efficacious, Socio-emotional, and Low PYD. The High PYD profile reported lower anxiety and moderate COVID-19 anxiety; the Self-efficacious profile reported lower anxiety and the lowest COVID-19 anxiety; the Socio-emotional profile reported moderate anxiety and the highest COVID-19 anxiety; and the Low PYD profile reported higher anxiety and moderate COVID-19 anxiety. The study findings suggest that higher levels of competence, confidence, and connection can mitigate anxiety, while higher levels of caring are associated with COVID-19 anxiety. Nonetheless, the study supports the promotion of all Five Cs of the PYD framework to prevent anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, and maladaptive developmental outcomes. The study provides important insights into profiling responses to extreme situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study tested the associations between three indices of religiousness (i.e., religious practices, religious identity, and religious struggles) and COVID-19 anxiety, and whether these links are mediated by generalised anxiety. Participants of this cross-sectional study were 1089 Turkish individuals who completed an online survey. They provided demographic information, and completed measures of religious practices, religious identity, religious struggles, generalised anxiety, and COVID-19 anxiety. The findings indicated that both religious practices and religious identity correlated negatively with both COVID-19 anxiety and generalised anxiety. Religious struggles correlated positively with generalised anxiety but were uncorrelated to COVID-19 anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that none of the religious variables remained predictive of COVID-19 anxiety after adding generalised anxiety to the regression equation, and that generalised anxiety fully mediated the links between all religious variables and COVID-19 anxiety. The findings suggest that the link between religiousness and COVID-19 anxiety is indirect and can be explained by generalised anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global society, leading to negative well-being and mental health outcomes. However, little is known about how COVID-19-related anxiety affects life satisfaction through psychological factors. This study examined the mediating roles of meaning in life and loneliness in the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction in 333 Turkish general population (59.2% females; Mage = 33.9 ± 7.8). Participants completed measures of COVID-19 anxiety, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and loneliness. The results showed that COVID-19 anxiety predicted meaning in life, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Meaning in life predicted loneliness and life satisfaction, while loneliness predicted life satisfaction. Serial mediation analysis revealed that COVID-19 anxiety predicts life satisfaction through meaning in life and loneliness, even after controlling for age and gender. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction, with implications for future research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C‐19ASS) is a reliable scale assessing dysfunctional coping strategies activated in response to COVID‐19 fear and threat. The present study aimed to provide a validation of the Arabic version of the C‐19ASS and to explore the association between the C‐19ASS and psychological symptoms syndrome. Method: In Study 1, a community sample of 404 participants completed the Arabic version of the C‐19ASS and results were subjected to an exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2, a community sample of 903 participants completed the Arabic version of the C‐19ASS and a series of measures assessing depressed mood and anhedonia, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Internal consistency, construct validity and incremental validity were assessed. Associations between C‐19ASS and psychological symptoms were assessed. Results: Factor analysis identified a two‐factor solution (i.e., C‐19ASS‐Perseveration and C‐19ASS‐Avoidance), and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two‐factor model best fits the data. The Arabic version of the C‐19ASS showed good internal consistency, good construct and incremental validity. COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome was associated with more severe anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and health anxiety. Females had higher levels of COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome than males. Participants diagnosed with COVID‐19, and those who had experienced loss as a consequence of COVID‐19, had higher levels of COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome (Perseveration). Conclusions: The Arabic version of the C‐19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome could be a suitable therapeutic target to improve psychological recovery during the COVID‐19 pandemic among Arabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirituality is seen as a coping strategy for reducing stress and anxiety. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and the spiritual orientation of individuals aged 65 and over in nursing homes and elderly care centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. The findings showed that with increasing age, coronavirus anxiety levels decrease, and spiritual orientation increases. There was a negative relationship between the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety (r = −.48; p = 0.01). Those diagnosed with COVID-19 had higher coronavirus anxiety levels (U = 374.5; p < 0.001) and had lower spiritual orientation (U = 593.5; p > 0.05). As spiritual orientation increases in elderly individuals, their level of anxiety decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The anxiety due to coronavirus has caused the emergence of a special class of anxieties that originates from this widespread disease and has challenged the psychological characteristics of humans. Therefore, the present study developed the corona anxiety model based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. The statistical population of this research included all the medical students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences who were studying in the academic year of 2021-2022. Based on the inclusion criteria, 350 medical students were selected by purposive and convenience sampling methods and completed the Ghobadian's Corona Anxiety Scale, Freeston's Intolerance of Uncertainty Questionnaire, and Garnefski's Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using path analysis method. Results: Cognitive emotion regulation strategies can mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and coronavirus anxiety (Beta=0.481). In other words, intolerance of uncertainty through positive (Beta=-0.721) and negative (Beta=-0.321) strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion predicts the level of coronavirus anxiety of medical students (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that psychological factors such as negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and intolerance of uncertainty are involved in corona anxiety. In other words, students' intolerance of uncertainty predicts an increase, and positive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion predict a reduction in anxiety of corona. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explored the association of perceptions of gratitude and kindness at work with well-being outcomes, such as relatedness needs satisfaction, life satisfaction, and COVID-19 anxiety among selected Filipino employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that kindness positively predicted relatedness needs satisfaction even after controlling for participants' age, gender, employment status, and length of stay in the organization. Gratitude positively predicted life satisfaction. This research underscores the mental health payoffs associated with fostering gratitude and kindness in organizational contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the anxiety of corona in teenagers of families affected by COVID-19 disease with the moderating role of quality of life about psychological well-being. Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of all adolescents who have had one or more COVID-19 patient family members in Bushehr city-Iran during 2019 to 2022. Among whom 300 eligible individuals (157 boys and 143 girls) were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale of Alipour et al., Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL). The data were analyzed in SPSS 26 through the Pearson correlation coefficient test and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: A significant relationship was found between COVID-19 anxiety and psychological well-being (P< 0.001). In addition, quality of life moderated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and psychological wellbeing. Conclusion: Given the psychological effects of COVID-19 anxiety on adolescents, relevant authorities are recommended to develop appropriate training programs to help all members of society especially adolescents, control their anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constant development of information technology in human lives has encouraged them to use technology in the field of educational sciences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of digital storytelling in online psychological services and its application using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) on reducing coronavirus anxiety and increase academic and social integration. The research design was based on quasi-experimental designs with pretest and posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the current study consisted of all undergraduate students in Tehran in 2020. For this purpose, 98 students were selected as the sample and randomly assigned into two experimental groups of digital storytelling and online psychology and a control group. The results showed that digital storytelling and online psychology groups have a significant effect on reducing coronavirus anxiety and increased academic and social integration. Comparison of the experimental groups showed that the digital storytelling group outperforms the online psychology group in reducing coronavirus anxiety and increased academic and social integration of students. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that storytelling can be used in online psychological services and REBT is compatible with online psychology and digital storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: The coronavirus 2019 first spread from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and became a global epidemic in just two months, according to the World Health Organization. As of March 23, 2020, the unknown virus has spread rapidly worldwide, infecting more than 187 countries and killing a significant number of people worldwide. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease characterized by the main symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. With the outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent changes such as the closure of high-risk jobs and the implementation of emergency public health measures and home quarantine, social and economic relations and the way people lived were severely affected. During the spread of the virus, strict measures such as social distancing and mask-wearing were taken to control the spread of the disease in different parts of the world. One of the measures taken to curb COVID-19 was establishing home quarantine, which in turn can have a variety of consequences, including increased anxiety and stress. Patients with or suspected of COVID-19 are often afraid of the aftermath of the deadly virus, such as long-term health effects or death. People in quarantine may also experience fatigue, loneliness, depression, and anger. Additionally, common symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, body aches, loss of taste and smell, hypoxia, cough, and dry throat can increase COVID-19 anxiety in patients, which may cause psychological distress. High levels of fatigue and anxiety resulting from quarantine conditions significantly increase the need for extreme care, but due to the unknown nature of coronavirus 2019 and the lack of definitive treatment, individuals may have difficulty responding to this need. This intensifies fear, anxiety, and depression in people. Another variable that can be associated with pandemic diseases, such as COVID-19, is coping styles and types of symptoms in high-stress patients. Since the beginning of the COVID19 epidemic, there has been a wave of stress and anxiety, first among Chinese citizens and then around the world. People must use appropriate and effective coping strategies to control and reduce the stress caused by these conditions. Overall, COVID-19 anxiety, specifically health anxiety, can lead to cognitive errors, threat-related distortion, immunosuppressive behaviors, and destructive behaviors in healthy individuals who develop high levels of COVID-19 anxiety. In this regard, the present study aimed to compare psychological distress and coping styles in students with different levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: The research design was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included undergraduate, graduate, and Ph.D. students of the University of Tehran, Iran, in the second semester of 2020-2021. In the present study, 200 students (100 students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety and 100 students with low levels of COVID-19 anxiety) participated in the study through an online survey conducted via WhatsApp and Instagram. Inclusion criteria included belonging to the research community, having internet access, being between 18 and 30 years of age, and reporting personal satisfaction with their current living situation. The omission of questions was also considered as a criterion for leaving the research. Due to the epidemic of COVID-19, the closure of universities and educational institutions, and to prevent the spread of COVID-19, samples of this study were collected online. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Anxiety Inventory, psychological distress, and coping styles and then grouped. To identify students with COVID-19 anxiety, 338 questionnaires were distributed among the participants. Individuals who obtained a standard deviation above the mean COVID-19 anxiety scale were included in the analysis as a group with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Finally, data analysis was performed using multivariate and univariate variance with SPSS software version 24. It should be noted that in the present study, ethical considerations based on Helsinki ethics were observed. Results: The results of the Eta squared analysis show that the difference between the two groups in the studied variables is significant, with an Eta squared value of 0.71. This means that 71% of the variance related to the difference between the two groups is due to the interaction of COVID-19 anxiety and the studied variables. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that stress (68.55), anxiety (79.77), depression (94.17), Emotion-oriented Coping (98.81), Problem-oriented Coping (102.74), and Avoidanceoriented coping (114/48) were all significant at the level of 0.01. These findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the two groups in these variables (P<0.01). This means that students with different levels of COVID-19 anxiety differ in their use of psychological distress and coping styles. Specifically, students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety had higher levels of psychological distress, emotion-oriented coping, and avoidance-oriented coping than students with low COVID-19 anxiety. Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that students with high levels of COVID19 anxiety have more depression, anxiety, and stress than other students. As a result, students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety may become more sensitive to physical signs and symptoms, which can lead to increased levels of COVID-19 anxiety. On the other hand, the results of this study indicate that people with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety are less inclined to use problem-solving coping styles and are more likely to use emotion-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping styles. However, problem-solving coping styles can further reduce the harms of experiencing COVID-19 and the stress that results from it. Although stressors play an important role in exacerbating chronic and pandemic diseases, it should be borne in mind that how people deal with stressful situations plays an important role in their health. Therefore, psychologists and counselors need to pay more attention to these areas to reduce the severity of anxiety in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had lasting impacts on people’s interpersonal relationship and mental health. Using four-wave data in China (N = 222, 54.50% female, Mage = 31.53, SD = 8.17), the current study examined whether prepandemic relationship satisfaction was related to postpandemic COVID-19 anxiety through midpandemic perceived social support and/or gratitude. The results showed that people’s COVID-19 anxiety decreased from the peak to the trough stage of the pandemic; perceived social support increased markedly from prepandemic to the peak and remained stable subsequently, while relationship satisfaction remained unchanged throughout. Further, it was midpandemic perceived social support, not gratitude, that mediated the association between prepandemic relationship satisfaction and postpandemic COVID-19 anxiety, indicating that perceived social support played a crucial role in this process. Finally, it is suggested that perceived social support should be distinguished from gratitude as two different components of social interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The spread of the Covid-19 virus caused a lot of anxiety and stress in the communities, which affected the mental health of people. according to this the present study was conducted to codify a model of psychological coping with Covid-19 consequences based on positivist psychology and evaluate its effect on quality of life and happiness of the people with Covid-19 anxiety. Material and Method The research method was theme analysis through inductive method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study included the people with Covid-19 anxiety in Tehran in the spring and summer of 2021. 35 people with Covid19 anxiety were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The people in the experimental group received the related interventions (10 sessions) during one-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour, et.al, 2019) (CDAS) and quality of life questionnaire (World Health Organization, 1994) (QLQ) and happiness questionnaire (Arghil, Martin, Craslande, 1989) (HQ). The data were analyzed via mixed ANOVA method. Results The results showed that the model of psychological coping with Covid-19 consequences based on positivist psychology enjoys enough content validity. Moreover, this intervention has been effective on the quality of life and happiness of the people with Covid-19 anxiety (P<0001). Conclusion According to the present study, the model of psychological coping based on positive psychology can be attended to as an efficient method to improve the quality of life and happiness of the people with Covid-19 anxiety through paying attention to the capabilities and positive points, promoting altruism and devotion, being thankful and grateful and forming hope and optimism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the COVID-19 lockdown has created many issues for the world's mental health that need a foremost solution and researchers' attention. Thus, the current article analyzes the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on the mental health of Jordan's ideological and political education system. The article also investigates the moderating role of ambivalent sexism and unconscious bias among COVID-19 anxiety and mental health in Jordan's ideological and political education system. The article has applied questionnaires, the primary data collection method, to collect the data from chosen respondents. The data was collected from a population of 5346 college and university students enrolled in Jordan under political and ideological education programs. A sample size of 356 was finally obtained for this research via a self-reported survey. The article has also applied the SPSS-AMOS to check the items and variables' reliability and validity and investigated the association among understudy variables. The results revealed that COVID-19 anxiety has a negative and significant linkage with the mental health of Jordan's ideological and political education system. The findings also revealed that ambivalent sexism and unconscious bias significantly moderated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and mental health in Jordan's ideological and political education system. The study is unique in addressing this sensitive issue in the cultural environment of GCC countries. Specifically, studies on such topics are very rare in a setting like Jordan. This study provides guidelines to the policy-establishing authorities on developing policies to improve students' mental health by eliminating COVID-19 anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic, public health messages have emphasised the importance of frequent handwashing in limiting the transmission of the virus. Whilst crucial in controlling transmission, such messaging may have an adverse effect on individuals with OCD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with a total of 332 participants recruited. Participants who scored above the optimal cut-off score on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised edition (OCI-R) were included in the analysis (n = 254). Scores on the six subscales of the OCI-R were correlated with responses to a COVID-19 Impact measure. Results: Factor analysis of the COVID-19 Impact measure revealed that items loaded on two components of the measure (handwashing and distress-avoidance). Canonical correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the OCI-R subscales and COVID-19 Impact measure, F (12, 490) = 8.14, p = 0.001, and the SHAI subscales with the COVID-19 Impact Measure, F (4, 498) = 8.18, p = 0.001). Specifically, washing and checking OCI-R subscales correlated with both components of the COVID-19 Impact measure, as did the health anxiety and beliefs SHAI subscales. Content analysis revealed disruption to treatment delivery and worsening symptom severity in participants with contamination-related OCD. Discussion: Contamination and checking OCD subtypes have been associated with increased hand-washing behaviour and avoidance of distress-inducing cues. Consideration should be given to targeted support tailored to patients with these subtypes of OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social distancing measures can create psychological issues, especially among hospital staff who constantly deal with emergency patients. To explore the mediating role of COVID-19 anxiety on the association between COVID-19 safety protocols and mental health, and to test the moderating role of resilience between COVID-19 safety protocols and COVID-19 anxiety, this work collected data on hospital staff in terms of COVID-19 safety protocols, psychological resilience, COVID-19 anxiety, and improving staff mental health. The effects of the use of COVID-19 safety protocols on COVID-19 anxiety and the mental health of hospital workers in China were also analyzed. The experimental results showed that resilience remarkably moderated COVID-19 safety protocols and COVID-19 anxiety among Chinese hospital staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID‐19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C‐19ASS) is a quick and reliable scale assessing dysfunctional coping strategies activated in response to COVID‐19 fear and threat. The present study aimed to provide a preliminary validation of the Italian version of the C‐19ASS and investigated whether the C‐19ASS would mediate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and psychological outcomes. Method: In Study 1, a community sample of 271 participants completed the Italian version of the C‐19ASS and results were subjected to a Principal Component Analysis. In study 2, a community sample of 484 participants completed the Italian version of the C‐19ASS and a series of measures assessing COVID‐19 anxiety, COVID‐19 fear, functional impairment, personality traits, depression, generalized anxiety and health anxiety. Internal consistency, concurrent and incremental validity were assessed. Path analyses were run. Results: Factor analysis identified a two‐factor solution (i.e., C‐19ASS Perseveration and C‐19ASS Avoidance) and confirmatory factor analysis suggested a two‐factor model best fits the data. The Italian version of the C‐19ASS showed good internal consistency. There was also evidence of convergent validity and incremental validity. Path analyses showed that C‐19ASS Perseveration mediates the relationship between emotional stability and psychological symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety and health anxiety). Conclusion: The Italian version of the C‐19ASS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome. The COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome could be a suitable therapeutic target to reduce psychological symptoms typically linked to pandemic events, such as depression generalized anxiety and health anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience is one of the protective factors for mental health. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of COVID‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting resilience in adulthood. To this end, data were collected from 533 adults (359 women‐174 men). A hierarchical regression analysis was performed, controlling for the effects of gender and presence of a chronic disease on the prediction of resilience. Results showed that intolerance of uncertainty and COVID‐19 anxiety were statistically significant predictors of resilience. Gender and presence of a chronic disease were not statistically significant in predicting resilience. These results indicate that intolerance of uncertainty plays an important role in explaining resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has been linked to increased levels of stress, depression, and anxiety in many people around the world. Therefore, identifying individuals at risk of psychosocial burden during this unprecedented crisis is essential for developing prevention measures and treatment options for mental health issues. To this aim, we investigated two risk groups: individuals at higher risk of exposure to the virus and individuals at higher risk of poor prognosis if they contract the virus. We conducted a survey (N = 4167) with a representative sample of the German population and assessed perceived risk of COVID‐19 exposure and poor prognosis if infected, COVID‐19‐related anxiety, problems with sleep and daytime functioning, as well as self‐reported knowledge about the disease. Results showed that perceived risk group membership was linked to increased problems with sleep and daytime functioning via elevated levels of COVID‐19‐related anxiety. This mediated effect was further moderated by self‐reported COVID‐19 knowledge, but only for individuals who rated themselves at higher risk of COVID‐19 exposure. Thus, knowledge buffered the negative effect of exposure risk on anxiety and ultimately on sleep in this risk group. Reaching individuals at increased risk of exposure with clear information about the disease, how to prevent infection, and treatment options could be an effective strategy to contain anxiety levels and promote good sleep, which is important for general well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Life and death became significant issues with the outbreak of the COVID-19 and its aftermath. Previous studies have shown that having meaning in life and the ability to regulate emotion can play effective roles in coping with death anxiety. The present study investigated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and death anxiety with the mediating roles of emotion regulation and meaning in life. Materials and methods: In this correlational study, the study population included all adults aged 18 to 60 years in Mashhad, Iran 2020-2021, of whom 583 were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using Persian version of Templer Death Anxiety Questionnaire, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Correlation and causality relationships were investigated using path analysis in SPSS V25 SPSS and AMOS V24. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between death anxiety and COVID-19 anxiety (r=0.31) and difficulty in emotion regulation (r=0.47). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between death anxiety and meaning in life (r=-0.43). COVID-19 anxiety could indirectly predict death anxiety due to the difficulty in emotion regulation and presence of meaning in life. Conclusion: COVID-19 anxiety, emotion regulation, and meaning in life play key roles in death anxiety. Therefore, teaching emotion regulation techniques and having deeper meaning in life play major preventive roles in development of death anxiety associated with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between levels of anxiety about COVID-19 and attitudes toward colorectal cancer screening in adult men in Turkey. SAMPLE & SETTING: The participants in this study were 188 adult men, aged 50-70 years, who were not diagnosed with cancer, and who could use social media. The researchers shared the link to the study forms through social media, and data were collected between February 2021 and May 2021. METHODS & VARIABLES: A personal information form, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening were used to collect descriptive research data. RESULTS: Participants had mean scores of 1.04 (SD = 2.12) for the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and 95.28 (SD = 16.91) for the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening. There was no significant correlation between the scores (p > 0.05). Family structure and the reasons for applying for colorectal cancer screening were significantly related to participation in colorectal cancer screening programs (p < 0.05). IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Individualized screening models can be used to prevent the deferral of cancer screenings. To ensure early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, nurses should be encouraged to use telehealth applications and help individuals perform immunochemical tests at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early maladaptive schemas (EMS), as lifelong psychological structures, tend to be associated with psychopathological symptomatology. Previous research has suggested that schemas act as psychological vulnerabilities to stressful life situations, such as the present worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic. In this context, anxiety and psychological distress have been documented as two of the main psychological symptoms associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the associations between specific EMS and COVID‐19 anxiety remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships between EMS, COVID‐19 anxiety as well as other mental health variables such as psychological well‐being, distress and life satisfaction. Methods: In a cross‐sectional design, 249 individuals (M = 34.2, SD = 12.0) completed several self‐report measures. Results: EMS from different schematic domains were positively associated with COVID‐19 anxiety and psychological distress and negatively associated with psychological well‐being and life satisfaction. An EMS hierarchical regression model predicted COVID‐19 anxiety. Mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness mediated the relationships between COVID‐19 anxiety, psychological distress and life satisfaction. Conclusions: According to these results, mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness can act as underlying variables for the decrease in mental health associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this online empirical study was to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 stress, coping including substance use and behavioural disengagement, and avoidance behaviour early on in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants, recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk, N = 730), were adults from Canada, the United States, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom. Results of path analysis showed that feeling threatened by the virus, predicted greater COVID‐19 anxiety, which was related to greater substance use to cope with the virus, as well as more behavioural disengagement, which predicted less avoidance behaviour. Implications of the results are discussed, particularly the relationship between coping and avoidance behaviour during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present times, the impact of COVID-19 is not simply biological and social but is also characterized by socioemotional suggestions from various individual and environmental sources as well as experiences. The pandemic has created a general demand for a change of allocation of control in the internal and external factors by ways of affecting the individual's perception, information processing, daily life functioning and attitude towards the personal agency, consequences as well as personal well-being in general. In the context of a surge of mental health challenges due to the pandemic, it is crucial to study how control allocation is associated with the relationship between COVID-19 and well-being. The study aims to explore the relationship among locus of control, COVID-19 anxiety, and psychological well-being along with finding the mean differences in COVID-19 anxiety as well as psychological well-being between the two groups of locus of control. The study is conducted on a young adult sample (N=100) and the relationship among the variables is explored using relevant statistical analysis. The discussion explores the impact of COVID-19 anxiety and locus of control on various domains of psychological well-being. The implication of this study extends that, internal locus of control may be associated with positive psychological well-being and relatively better perceived coping of COVID-19 anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous surge in the number of confirmed diagnoses and fatalities associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused debilitating economic, educational, social, and psychological issues. However, little is known about how psychological interventions may boost well‐being outcomes amid the pandemic. This research addresses this gap by examining the effects of gratitude and kindness interventions on life satisfaction, positive emotions, negative emotions, and COVID‐19 anxiety via an online pilot experimental study. A 3‐week online pilot experiment was implemented among 107 Filipino undergraduate students (M = 20.27; SD = 1.10). These participants were randomly assigned to kindness (n = 37), gratitude (n = 32), and control (n = 38) conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences on positive emotions when controlling for the baseline well‐being, gratitude, and kindness scores across all conditions (i.e., gratitude, kindness, and control). Participants assigned in the gratitude and kindness conditions had significantly higher scores on positive emotions than those in the control condition. The findings point to the emotional benefits associated with promoting gratitude and kindness during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This research contributes to scarce literature on the applicability of well‐being interventions in non‐Western cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has unprecedently affected many aspects of people's lives including their health. This study examined the mediating effect of COVID-19 coping strategies on the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and general health. Participants (70% females) included 4624 adults (Mage = 30.29 ± 10.97 years) collected through an online survey using a convenience sampling approach. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a one-factor structure for the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CFI =.98, TLI =.96, SRMR =.02, RMSEA =.09), COVID-19 Coping Scale (CFI =.97, TLI =.97, SRMR =.03, RMSEA =.12), and General Health Scale (CFI =.99, TLI =.97, SRMR =.01, RMSEA =.04) which were developed for the purpose of this study and exhibited satisfactory reliability. Findings showed that COVID-19 anxiety was negatively related with COVID-19 coping and general health. COVID-19 coping had a positive relationship with general health. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that COVID-19 coping partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and general health. These findings shed more light on the mechanism underlying between COVID-19 anxiety and health. The findings are important for tailoring and implementing coping-based intervention strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on general health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how the triarchic model of grit (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations) is related to cultivation of genuine happiness, loneliness, and COVID-19 anxiety in American (n = 643) and Filipino (n = 546) undergraduate students. It also explored whether grit had indirect effects on such social and well-being outcomes via relatedness needs satisfaction and meaning in life. Results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that whereas all grit dimensions were linked to increased relatedness needs satisfaction and meaning in life in the United States, only consistency and adaptability were associated with such constructs in the Philippines. Meaning in life was related to increased cultivation of happiness and reduced loneliness in both societies. Relatedness needs satisfaction was associated with higher happiness as well as decreased COVID-19 anxiety and loneliness in the United States and the Philippines. Finally, evidence supported indirect effects of of selected grit's dimensions on mental health outcomes via relatedness needs satisfaction and meaning in life in both settings. This research complements existing literature on the relational and psychological benefits of staying gritty in different societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate factors related to the mental health of Peruvian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a cross-sectional and observational design. A total of 274 older adults in Lima, Peru (Mage = 67.86) filled out a sociodemographic survey, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, Mental Health Inventory-5, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was estimated to test an a priori model that relates the sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 Anxiety, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The model fit indices indicated a good fit to the data. The socio-demographic variables explained 23.8% of the variance of the COVID-19 Anxiety (R2 =.238). Socio-demographic variables explained 50.5% of psychological well-being variance, 52% of anxiety and 46.9% of depression. Also, sex, work; being diagnosed with COVID-19; family member with COVID-19 diagnosis; and time of exposure to COVID-19 information had statistically significant effects psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. In conclusion, some sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 anxiety affect the psychological well-being, anxiety and depression. The findings may allow for a better understanding of the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and guide government responses to detect, anticipate and minimize its impact on the mental health of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship among spirituality, self-efficacy, COVID-19 anxiety, and hopelessness. The participants are comprised of 418 individuals (282 females and 136 males) in Turkey whose ages range between 18 and 61 years old. The participants completed the following surveys: The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Spiritual Orientation Inventory. The relationships among the variables have been examined using path analysis. According to the results, spirituality, self-efficacy, and COVID-19 anxiety have direct effects on hopelessness. The analysis also shows self-efficacy to mediate the relationship between spirituality and hopelessness. The proposed model has good fit indices. The findings are discussed in the context of the literature on COVID-19, spirituality, self-efficacy, and hopelessness, with practical implications for mental health professionals being provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Surrogate medical decision making is common in the United States healthcare system. Variables that may influence surrogate decision making have been proposed. Little work has examined relations between these variables and outcomes of surrogate decision making. This study investigated whether surrogates' characteristics, including their knowledge of treatment options, and interpersonal factors predicted surrogates' accuracy and intervention selections. Specifically, predictor variables included: trust in the medical profession, trait-level anxiety, depression, anxiety about COVID-19, religiosity, perceived emotional support, understanding of treatment options, empathy, willingness to accept responsibility for medical decisions, reluctance to burden others, and perceived similarity between oneself and the patient.Methods: 154 pairs of patients and their surrogates completed an online survey. Patients indicated preferred treatments in hypothetical decision scenarios. Surrogates indicated the treatment that they thought the patient would prefer.Results: When taken all together in a predictive model, the variables significantly predicted surrogates' accuracy, F (6) = 3.03, R2 = .12, p = .008. Variables also predicted selection of intensive interventions, F (4) = 5.95, R2 = .14, p = .00. Surrogates reporting greater anxiety about COVID-19 selected more intensive interventions.Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, this study found that surrogates' characteristics influence the interventions they choose, with anxiety about COVID-19 having considerable bearing on their chosen interventions.Practice Implications: These findings can inform development of decision-making interventions to improve surrogates' accuracy. Providers may attend to variables highlighted by this study to support surrogates, particularly within the stressful context of COVID-19 and possible future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) as the biggest threat to public health in 2020, is a two-year period that has caused many problems to people around the world. The aim of this study was to compare spirituality, resilience and selfcompassion in students with high and low levels of COVID-19 anxiety. The method of the present study is descriptive causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study consisted of male and female students of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of the University of Guilan in the academic year 2020-2021. Participants were selected by available methods from each group of 135 students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety and 135 students with low levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Students were assessed using COVID-19 Anxiety Scale Wheaton et al. (2012), spirituality Parsian & Dunning (2009), resilience Connor & Davidson (2003), and SelfCompassion Questionnaire Neff (2003). Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance by SPSS software version 24. Findings from multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between students with and without COVID-19 anxiety in terms of spirituality, resilience and self-compassion; So that the average scores of spirituality, resilience and self-compassion in students with COVID-19 anxiety are lower compared to students without COVID-19 anxiety (P<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, students with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety have less spirituality and resilience, which in turn aggravates the symptoms in individuals. On the other hand, it was found that self-judgment, feelings of isolation and over-assimilation are high in people with COVID-19 anxiety; For this reason, psychologists and counselors need to pay more attention to these areas in order to reduce the unreasonable severity of anxiety in students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens human beings' livelihoods and mental health, which lowers their well-being and gives rise to anxiety. This study examines whether there is a causal relationship (and, if so, in which direction) between people's well-being and COVID-19 anxiety. Two hundred and twenty-two participants (54.50% female, Mage = 31.53, SD = 8.17) from 26 provinces of China completed measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and COVID-19 anxiety at three key nodes of the development of COVID-19 in China. The results showed that people's SWB and COVID-19 anxiety fluctuated with the peak (T1), decline (T2), and trough stages (T3) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the cross-lagged analysis showed that the participants' SWB at T0 (pre-pandemic stage; the base level of SWB) and T1 could significantly predict their COVID-19 anxiety at T1 and T2 respectively. However, SWB at T2 was not associated with the COVID-19 anxiety at T3. Furthermore, COVID-19 anxiety could not predict subsequent SWB from T1 to T3. The current findings contribute to clarifying the causal relationship between well-being and anxiety through the development of epidemics, as well as finding ways to alleviate people's COVID-19 anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the relationship between coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related psychiatric symptoms and prenatal attachment in pregnant women, a group particularly vulnerable to the psychological, social, and economic effects of the pandemic. Method: The study group consisted of 68 pregnant women with a healthy pregnancy with no reported psychiatric or other illness. The participants were grouped as those who were pregnant with low COVID-19 anxiety and obsession (Cluster 1) and those who were pregnant with high COVID-19 anxiety and obsession (Cluster 2) based on online scale scores. Results: The prenatal attachment scores of Cluster 1 were significantly higher than those of Cluster 2. The parameter of financial difficulties due to COVID-19 circumstances was significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that anxiety, obsessions, and financial difficulties due to the pandemic might have negatively affected mothers' attachment to the child. Due to the possible effects of weak maternal attachment on the child's mental health, prenatal attachment may be a point for exploration of the psychological effects of the pandemic on future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological and social effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic are pervasive, and there is potential for a long‐lasting impact on mental health. In the current study, we sought to provide, in a representative sample of UK residents during the third COVID‐19 lockdown in February 2021, further evidence for the validation of the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome construct. We did this by evaluating the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome against measures of personality, health anxiety and COVID‐19 anxiety in predicting levels of generalized anxiety and depression and by examining whether increased health anxiety and COVID‐19 psychological distress (COVID‐19 anxiety and COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome) scores were associated with increased attentional bias to COVID‐19‐related stimuli. A series of correlation analyses revealed that neuroticism, health anxiety, COVID‐19 anxiety and COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome scores were positively and significantly correlated with generalized anxiety and depression scores and that the perseveration component of the COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome predicted generalized anxiety and depression scores independently of age, gender, conscientiousness, openness, health anxiety and COVID‐19 anxiety. Furthermore, results indicated that only the total COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome score and the scores on the avoidance and perseveration components were positively and significantly correlated with attentional bias indices. More specifically, the general attentional bias index was only shown to be positively and significantly correlated with the total COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome score and its perseveration component, while slowed disengagement was only shown to be negatively and significantly correlated with the total COVID‐19 anxiety syndrome score and its avoidance component. The implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating psychological impact on Vietnamese society, but little is known about its impact on Vietnamese students. In the current study, we evaluated whether anxiety of contracting COVID-19 is related to students' learning burnout. Specifically, we tested two months into the pandemic whether this anxiety is linked to pupils' learning exhaustion and cynicism. The data includes 652 Vietnamese students (56.3% girls) with M age = 12.6 (SD = 1.0). The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire during an online survey. Two Multiple Linear Regression Analyses tested the associations between COVID-19 anxiety and learning-related exhaustion (Model 1) and learning-related cynicism (Model 2), controlling for general depression, gender and grade. Results show that COVID-19 anxiety significantly and uniquely links to learning-related cynicism but not learning exhaustion, suggesting that the pandemic affects Vietnamese students' ability to thrive through education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to investigate the factors influencing the relationship between attitudes toward Covid-19 vaccines and intention to vaccinate, specifically, risk perception and Covid-19 anxiety. The study's results clearly demonstrate that only when the risk perception is minimal does vaccination intention improve with improved vaccine attitudes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, non-government organizations, marketers, and practitioners about the possible challenges in the execution of a Covid-19 vaccination program in an emerging economy. There is a need for tailored communication, community engagement and strictly following the standard operating procedure (SOP) inside the vaccination centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND COVID-19 has brought people many negative emotions, such as fear and anxiety about the epidemic. However, when people in different countries face the COVID-19 epidemic, the impact is also different due to different cultural and sports habits. Therefore, this study compares China and Poland's sports motivations in the face of COVID-19 anxiety to find out the cultural differences behind them. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE In the study were N = 674 participants (female n = 407, male n = 260, other n = 4). Their average age was M = 29.86, SD = 11.03. There were n = 381 participants in the Chinese sample, and n = 293 in Polish. The scales used for the purpose of the study were the Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives (IPAO) and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). RESULTS The study results showed that the increased level of COVID-19 anxiety changed selected motives for physical activity, and different changes of motives characterized women and men as well as people of different ages. As predicted in the study model, culture was the moderator of the shifts of the selected motives. CONCLUSIONS The understanding of what motivates individuals to participate in sport seems to have significant value, especially for health practitioners and researchers to design appropriate interventions and programs to increase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]