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This paper addresses the role of the Spa Health Resort as the Economic Engine of the Municipal Business Ecosystem. Usualy a single larger enterprise drives the local economy at the municipal level, and in the case of Serbia that company has often been from heavy industries. For many transitional economies, local communities have been supported by the main municipal organization, identified in the literature under the terms economic engine, anchor, driver, powerhouse, catalyst, hub or lifeline. Most literature defines it as a company that plays a pivotal role in propelling municipal economic growth and development, acting as the source of economic stability and resilience within the municipality. Our research is based on dataset gathered from the Serbian Chamber of Commerce, extracted from the annual financial and business reports of 80,737 companies and sole entrepreneurs in Serbia from 2013 to 2022 and supplemented by detailed insights into business reports of hypothesized economic engine. Our findings support the hypothesis that Specialized Rehabilitation Hospital Banja Koviljaca's acts as economic engine for the region. Conclusion is that investment in balneo industry returns mutlifold benefits of different categories to the community and the state [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a tool for objective evaluation of organisations' information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure development level: Composite Indicator of the Organisational Information and Communication Infrastructure—CIOICTI. Based on separate research in 68 different companies, it aggregates hardware, software and humanware aspects of ICT development in organisations, especially valuing companies with synergetic aspects. It consists of six linear and non-linear indicator components, each designed to evaluate one specific aspect of ICT development, based on the weighted sum principle. The proposed CIOICTI examines ICT infrastructure as a necessary but not sufficient condition for successful ICT usage in business performance improvement. The obtained CIOICTI values are summarised in the distribution and tested for normality. Results are tested on the data from observed companies, averaged according to company size and industry and benchmarked. The proposed composite indicator can be used as an objective tool for researchers and practitioners to assess the level of ICT development for benchmarking with other companies, planning organisational changes or assessing infrastructural requirements for planning and implementation of ICT related projects in a business organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper can be considered as a brief answer to an old research question. Why do researchers need new statistical instruments based on geometric science? In the introduction, one can find some detailed significances, questions, premises, and hypotheses of the article's research redistributed in the logic of the section, as only a reminder can do it. There are no mandatory access conditions equivalent to "Let no one ignorant of geometry enter here" from the portal of Plato' s Academy during the literature review of index numbers (IN) or the index numbers method (INM). The originality of a geometric area index number (GAIN) and the simple description of a statistical instrument are the main characteristics of the next section, which is dedicated to its methodology and data. Therefore, this original statistical model of a classical index number is placed in a continuous changing of geometric coordinates and surfaces, caused by alternate states of disequilibrium and equilibrium in macroeconomic life or existence. Whenever the statistical index method has been considered a dead or obsolete solution, this false conclusion has been because it was conceived without its innovative history and multidimensional mathematical perspective. The complex structure of the article also required a section dedicated to practical approaches through macroeconomic indices systems. In the context of dynamic imbalances, this aspect limits the selective options of the new concept of a statistical model of a geometric area index to several inscribable but also regular polygons ("n-gons") at the same time. These polygons take on stellar shapes as soon as they capture real dynamics by ensuring a significant degree of coverage of simultaneous evolutions. In the pragmatic section of results and discussions, the new statistical model of the geometric area index is built essentially not only as a new type of statistical-mathematical approach to complex and associated or correlated aggregative variations but also from the idea of practically replacing concrete variants with their functions. The final remarks underline some instrumental specificities concerning both constructive advantages and disadvantages but especially to the limitations and perspectives, which are closely related to some symmetries and asymmetries characteristic of the investigated phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]