Search

The present paper has objective informer the compartment the Weeds Global Invasive in sugar cane crop Saccharum spp. L. (WWGIS) with climate change for Green House Effect. The WWGIS-Worst Weed Global Invasive in Latina American and Caribbean were selection in the I and II curse of weed biology and management in sugarcane, Tabasco sugarcane, 2010-2013. The results of the first course were highlighted by the participants and corroborated in the second. These plants growth in habitats worm and limited water available. The species selections are: 1) ROOEX-Rottboellia exaltata L.f.1782; 2) TRCYN- Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde, 1904; 3) CYNDA-Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 1805; 4) CYNPL-Cynodon plectostachyus (K. Schum.) Pilg.1907; 5) CHRPO-Chloris elata Desv, 1831; 6) PANPU-Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, 1919; 7) DIGNU-Digitaria nuda Schumach, 1827; 8) DIGAD-Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, 1802; 9) PANMA-Panicum maximum Jacq. 1781; 10) SORHA-Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 1805; 11) CYPRO-Cyperus rotundus L. 1753; 12) SYNPO-Syngonium podophyllum Schott, 1851. Ten plants per square meter of each species were height determined. The WWGIS excluded the total organisms in this habitat. With climate changes, there was an increase of 1.03 °C since 1981, alter their biological behavior, with difficult and onerous weed control. With appearance of dwarf plants and produced seeds in winter. After 2005 the biological comportment were graduates altered with normal seeds productions in spring, summer and winter, showed mini plants 0.10-1.30 m high. The behavior of PMIGS is directly linked to the highest minimum winter temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the benefits and negative effects of cane sugar in Brazil. In 2012, 9,075,388 hectares were harvested, grown in nine soils with critical humidity, 6,350 MJ m-2 year of solar energy, temperature between 30-45 ° C, precipitation between 1.500 to 2.500 mm, growth and 100 mm in plant ripening. Large areas of monoculture cause ecological instability. Infestation of crops with more than 23 species of weeds was detected. The trend is to apply integrated pest management. Harvesting takes place in the period from April to November. For the 2014-2015 harvests, burning will be prohibited in areas where sugarcane mechanized harvesting is practiced and on 2017, for the not mechanized areas. Of the total acreage, the 88.80% of the area can be harvested with machines, which allows for crop residues, between 10-20 t ha-1; this amount of waste is effective for good weed management. The yield loss caused by weeds varies from 10 to 100%; the worst weeds that infest crop residues are Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Convolvulaceae. The seeds can be transported by winds up to 1,000 km, flooding 100 km, erosion 10 km and landslide 1 km., 47 ingredients of herbicides have been registered for controlling weeds in Brazil; of which 823.20 thousand tons were applied to control agricultural pests in 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological nitrogen fixation is a process that occurs in nature and is the cheapest source of N for humid tropical acid soils. The aim of this study was to quantify the amount of N fixed by species of fabaceae through 15N isotopic techniques, in a savanna soil in Mexico. The treatments were established under a design of a randomized complete block, with four replicates. The variables evaluated were: fresh biomass (FB), dry matter (DM), nodule number (NN), nodule dry mass (NDM), total nitrogen (tN) and biologically fixed nitrogen (fN). Our results show that Mucuna deerengiana L. had higher production of FB and DM (17.50 and 5.47 Mg ha-1), NDM (58.79 mg plant-1) and higher content of tN and fN (526.94 and 522.11 kg ha-1) respectively, compared with Cajanus cajan L., Phaseolus lunatus L. and Sesbania emerus L., species that showed low values in these variables. We conclude that Mucuna deerengiana L. tolerates unfavorable factors prevailing in acid soils and therefore has efficiency greater than 500 kg ha-1 fN; we consider it appropriate to increase the level of nitrogen in savanna soils, without applying chemical fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish the proportion of women of 40 years-old and more, which perform properly breast self-examination in the Family Medical Unit 18 of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social from Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico, in 2011. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a universe of 1457 women. A random sample of 127 women was obtained and aleatorily selected. Socio-demographic and hereditary variables were included and breast self-examination technique was evaluated. The information was taken from clinical files and check lists. Descriptive statistic was obtained. Results: The mean age was 52.7 ± 9.3, with a confidence interval of 40-80 years-old. Women with a primary-school education were the largest group, representing 35.4 %. Family antecedent of breast malign tumor was found in 11 %. The mother was the most frequent parent with this background (42.9 %). Adequate breast self-examination technique was observed in 0.8 %. Conclusions: The proportion of women that performs breast self-examination properly is very low. Associated factors were not found. Educative interventions are required in order to correct this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop an artificial seed of sugar cane using sodium alginate and starch, it was possible to bring shoots resistance and protection in addition to a germination of 100 and 84%, respectively. In order to improve the technology of the artificial seed of sugarcane, two experiments were carried out to evaluate different polymer concentrations (sodium alginate and starch) and determine the maximum storage time for the artificial seed, using a completely random design, and a factorial 5x5 completely random design. The study variables were as follows: physical condition, rheological, mechanical test and seedling emergence. The results obtained have allowed to us to conclude that the best physical condition, resistance and seedling emergence, were obtained with 2% (w/v) sodium alginate and 15% (w/v) starch, corroborating that the initially proposed encapsulation is reliable for the artificial seed elaboration. The seed viability at the fifth day of elaboration was the best choice with a seedling emergence of 100% at the 30 days of planting. Therefore, artificial seed can only be stored for five days to ensure a 100% seed germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La siembra mecanizada de precisión de la caña de azúcar se ha visto retrasada debido a las fallas de germinación ocasionadas en el proceso de siembra mediante porciones de caña, generando pérdidas económicas al reducir la producción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar diferentes polímeros y cultivares de caña de azúcar para elaborar la semilla artificial CP-54, la germinación y la calidad de las plantas de caña de azúcar. El experimento se estableció en dos etapas en el campo experimental del Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, México. Los resultados indican que el mejor estado físico de la semilla artificial CP-54 se obtuvo en los cultivares Méx 69-290, Méx 68-P-23 y CP 72-2086 encapsulados con los polímeros almidón y alginato de sodio. La germinación de la semilla artificial CP-54 de caña de azúcar, fue de 100 y 84% con los encapsulados de almidón y alginato de sodio, en las posiciones de yema 12, 3 y 9, sin importar el cultivar. La mayor altura de planta y longitud de raíz se obtuvo con el encapsulado de almidón y alginato de sodio. El estado físico de las yemas fue mejor en la semilla artificial elaborada con almidón y alginato de sodio en los tres cultivares de caña de azúcar evaluados e independientemente de la posición de la yema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years much attention has focused on the impacts of agriculture on climate change, due to this stage specialists in plant nutrition and soil fertility have achieved the task of generating adequate fertilization doses for pineapple to reduce effects on environment. A methodology for Integrated System for Recommending Fertilizer Dose (ISRFD) was used. As a result, seven Thiessen polygons of the average annual rainfall, where rainfall ranged from 1640 to 2841 mm was correlated. Therefore, three major soil groups were defined and classified as subunit level. Likewise, eight doses of fertilizers were generated as follows: N, P2O5 and K2O, with a fertilizer dose, a map is generated according to the cultivar: 230-138-300 for Creole pineapple in Acrisol Cutanic (Chromic, Ferric); 460-161-480 for Cayenne and MD2 in Acrisol Cutanic (Endoclayic, Ferric); 345-161-450 for Cayenne and MD2, 253-138-450 for Creole in Acrisol Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric, Ferric); 391-161-450 for Cayenne and MD2 in Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric) and Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric, Ferric); 207-138-300 for Creole in Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic, Hyperdystric); 253-138-300 for Creole in Acrisol Umbric Cutanic (Endoclayic,Hyperdystric, Ferric); 253-138-360 for Creole in Acrisol Umbric Gleyic (Hyperdystric, Ferric); and 391-161-360 in Cambisol Endogleyic (Clayic, Eutric). These fertilizer doses were supplemented with micronutrients to obtain the expected results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiency in taking nitrogen sugarcane cultivars is not directly related yields stems per hectare. The objectives were to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on juice quality, performance, nitrogen demand and profitability. The study was conducted in the sugar factory Azsuremex (Tenosique, Tabasco) during the 2014/2015 cycle plant cane, under culture conditions without supplemental irrigation on soil Cambisol haplico. N rates were evaluated: 0, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 in 10 sugarcane cultivars. The results show that high doses of N adversely affected the quality of the juice. A positive linear response on performance, except MEX 69-290 cultivar presented the highest performance 120 kg.N.ha-1 was observed. N consumption was different between cultivars and increased as the dose of N. The internal efficiency index (EI) of nitrogen utilization ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 kg N per tons stem increased. In five of the evaluated cultivars is profitable fertilize with doses of 120 and/or 160 kg ha-1 of N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]