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It was investigated functional status and compensatory adaptation morphogenesis of microstructures of pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, thymus, bursa Fabricius, spleen of industrial growth quails breed «pharaoh» under stress at different periods of ontogenesis. It was established that the development of anxiety stage at 40 daily quails accompanied by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocorticotropic system in the form of increased secretory activity of basophils in pituitary with simultaneous stress-induced increase of corticosteroids in interrenal tissue, decreased secretory activity hromaphins in adrenal glands and increase synthetic and secretory activity in thyroid. The course of immuno-physiological reactions in the immune-competing tissues of the thymus and bursa under the influence of stress was characterized by a decrease in the index by 12.8 - 58.9%, the area of cortical substance - by 31.2%, in the spleen - the appearance of primary lymphoid nodes in the amount of 2,50±0,11 compared to the original state. At 75 days of age, the development of the stage of resistance coincided with the period of sexual activity and manifested by a decrease in the functional reserves of the organs of the endocrine and immune system, the intensity of the processes of immunogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different doses of boric acid injected into chicken eggs on bursa of Fabricius and spleen. The study material consisted of three treatment and one control group. On the fourth day of incubation, boric acid dissolved in 0.9% NaCl were injected into eggs at 1.000, 1.500 and 2.000 ppm doses and control group received only 0.9% NaCl injection. Chicks hatched were raised until ten weeks of age (n=10). Bursa of Fabricius and spleen were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and stereological methods. Weight of bursa of Fabricius, relative weight of bursa of Fabricius (P<0.01), volume of bursa of Fabricius, cortical thickness, follicle area and area of follicular medulla significantly reduced (P<0.001) by injection of 1.500 ppm boric acid compared to control group. The number of white blood cells also decreased in 1.000 ppm and 1.500 ppm groups. An increase (P<0.001) was recorded in hemoglobin ratio in 2.000 ppm group when compared with the other treatment groups and control group. There was an increase in 1500 ppm group in terms of spleen weight (P<0.001), relative spleen weight (P<0.01) and plasma cell count (P<0.05) and likewise an increase was noted in 1.000 and 2.000 ppm groups with respect to follicle count and number of apoptotic cells in comparison to control group. In conclusion, low doses of boric acid induced the bursal involution and implicitly increased plasma cell count in the spleen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designated to investigate the morphology of bursa of Fabricius (BF) in broilers and local chicks. Eighty Hubbard broilers and one hundred local, one-day-old chicks were reared on litter floor for 35 days. They were divided into six groups, A, B and C for broilers, and D, E and F for local chicks. Two types of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) vaccine were used. Chicks of group A, and D were vaccinated with an intermediate type vaccine (Bursine ® -2) at 14th day, whereas group B and E were vaccinated with an intermediate-plus vaccine (Bursine ® plus) at 14th day also (Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, Iowa, USA). Chicks of group C and F were acted as control. Five chicks were sacrificed from A, B, D and E groups at 21st, 28th and 35th day and at 1st, 7th, 14th, 28th and 35th day from C and F control groups. Body weights, bursa weights, diameters and relative weight of bursa were measured. The results showed a non significant difference (P>0.05) between group A and C, whereas group B showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) of bursal index at 21st day compared with group C. Different levels of significancy of bursal index (BI) were noticed in local chicks. Reduction of bursal weight of vaccinated groups may be associated with the proliferation of the virus vaccine in the bursal tissues. This study also revealed that intermediate-plus vaccine caused severe BF injury in vaccinated local bird. The present study indicated a significant correlation between bursa diameter and the injury produced by the vaccination process in broiler chicks, on the other hand the same trend was also recorded in the local chicks. The present study was also revealed a clinical signs and mortality up to 66.6% due to highly virulent IBD vaccine in group E of local chicks, because of their high susceptibility to this vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chicken Infectious Anemia (CIA) is present in various regions of the world in which poultry husbandry is common and birds of any age are susceptible. CIA is a viral infection characterized by aplastic anemia and is accompanied by atrophy of the thymus and bone marrow. This condition was first diagnosed in 1979 and since then a large number of investigations have been undertaken in order to characterize and further understand the pathology of this infection. Most of these studies emphasized either clinical findings or physiological transformation of the thymus and bone marrow. There are a limited number of studies that investigated the lesions in organs other than the bone marrow and thymus. The objective of the present study was to examine the histopathologic lesions that develop in organs other than the thymus and bone marrow of 1-day-old chickens intramuscularly infected with the chicken anemia virus (CAV) and to detect the antigen density with the streptavidin-biotin immuno-peroxidase staining technique. Seventy-one 1-day-old SPF quality white Leghorn chickens, acquired from the Manisa Poultry Diseases Research Institute, were used in this study. On day 1 of the study, 52 of these chickens were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 ml TCID50:100,000 CAVs (Cux-1 strain). The remaining 19 chickens were kept in a separate facility as a control group. Necropsies were performed immediately after the chickens were sacrificed. Sampling occurred on the days defined by the experimental study protocol. Organ samples were taken from each animal's bursa of Fabricius, cecal tonsils, spleen, liver, kidneys, pancreas, large and small intestines, proventriculus, lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, brain, and cerebellum. These samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Despite the antigenic-specific stains observed in different organ samples, such as the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, lung, intestine, cecal tonsils, and glandular stomach after the seventh day of inoculation, no significant microscopic lesions were found in any of these organs. The findings of the present study show that CAV did not cause any typical microscopic lesions in the organs we studied (organs other than the thymus and bone marrow), unlike previous reports of CAV settling in the thymus and bone marrow causing lesions to transfers to other organs; however, they did become infected with the virus, especially lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an abstract of the research paper "Evaluation of the effectiveness of different levels of nanosilver on bursa of fabricius development and on its histopathological lesions in broiler chicks broilers," by M.A. Akrami and colleagues.