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Until the day comes when all vehicles are fully autonomous, self-driving cars must be more than safe and efficient--they must also understand and interact naturally with human drivers. The web extras include videos demonstrating "rude" behavior by Tesla's Autopilot system, www.youtube.com/watch?v=el4OdwtgzNk; a human driver confused by self-driving technology, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uj-rK8V-rik; and aggressive driving prompted by self-driving technology, www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbSQm3YaAzA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While walking has always been mediated, the arrival of smartphones with multiple apps has changed how we walk and how we use apps. In this study, we investigate the relationships of pedestrian-in-the-street and app-user-on-screen actions. We display and describe a series of intersubjective practices constituted by, and with, walking while using a mobile device. The video data used are from a larger study of pedestrians using smartphones in urban settings, with our analysis here turning on how a smartphone is used and interacted around to accomplish walking together. Our approach draws upon ethnomethodological conversation analytic studies of the sequential and category-based organisation of mobile and on-screen actions. The analysis shows how walking actions (such as unilateral-stopping, turning, restarting) are connected to map actions such as displaying the map, manipulating the scale and monitoring the movement of the you-are-here dot. We conclude with remarks on the collaborative inter-subjective nature of walking with apps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argument is made for the importance of conducting a national treatment evaluation to permit understanding of the nature and effectiveness of typical treatment programming. Only through such study can we hope to learn areas of success and failure of normative programming relative to population characteristics and treatment strategies, and the extent to which research-based initiatives have been adopted by the field. That information is central to efforts to draw up a research agenda appropriate to the needs of clients and the staffs responsible for their treatment, and to clarify and respond to gaps in the application of potentially useful treatment components. In spite of such need, our understanding of typical treatment programming and of its effectiveness is based on data collected from a treatment cohort of 20 years ago, although patterns of drug use, characteristics of clients, and the treatment components available have all undergone substantial change. The responsibility taken to provide such information to the field, once seen as a central task of research, needs to be reasserted to strengthen and support our treatment efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Obtaining data on attitudes toward buprenorphine and methadone of opioid-dependent individuals in the United States may help fashion approaches to increase treatment entry and improve patient outcomes. Objectives: This secondary analysis study compared attitudes toward methadone and buprenorphine of opioid-dependent adults entering short-term buprenorphine treatment (BT) with opioid-dependent adults who are either entering methadone maintenance treatment or not entering treatment. Methods: The 417 participants included 132 individuals entering short-term BT, 191 individuals entering methadone maintenance, and 94 individuals not seeking treatment. Participants were administered an Attitudes toward Methadone scale and its companion Attitudes toward Buprenorphine scale. Demographic characteristics for the three groups were compared using χ2 tests of independence and one-way analysis of variance. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance with planned contrasts was used to compare mean attitude scores among the groups. Results: Participants entering BT had significantly more positive attitudes toward buprenorphine than toward methadone ( p < .001) and more positive attitudes toward BT than methadone-treatment (MT) participants and out-of-treatment (OT) participants ( p < .001). In addition, BT participants had less positive attitudes toward methadone than participants entering MT ( p < .001). Conclusions: Participants had a clear preference for a particular medication. Offering a choice of medications to OT individuals might enhance their likelihood of entering treatment. Treatment programs should offer a choice of medications when possible to new patients, and future comparative effectiveness research should incorporate patient preferences into clinical trials. Scientific Significance: These data contribute to our understanding of why people seek or do not seek effective pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Despite findings that opioid detoxification serves little more than a palliative function, few patients who enter detoxification subsequently transition to long-term treatment. The current study evaluated intensive role induction (IRI), a strategy adapted from a single-session intervention previously shown to facilitate engagement of substance-dependent patients in drug-free treatment. IRI was delivered either alone or combined with case management (IRI+CM) to determine the capacity of each condition to enhance transition and engagement in long-term treatment of detoxification patients. Study participants were 240 individuals admitted to a 30-day buprenorphine detoxification delivered at a publicly funded outpatient drug treatment clinic. Following clinic intake, participants were randomly assigned to IRI, IRI+CM, or standard clinic treatment (ST). Outcomes were assessed in terms of adherence and satisfaction with the detoxification program, detoxification completion, and transition and retention in treatment following detoxification. Participants who received IRI and IRI+CM attended more counseling sessions during detoxification than those who received ST (both ps<.001). IRI, but not IRI+CM participants, were more likely to complete detoxification (p =.017), rated their counselors more favorably (p =.01), and were retained in long-term treatment for more days following detoxification (p =.005), than ST participants. The current study demonstrated that an easily administered psychosocial intervention can be effective for enhancing patient involvement in detoxification and for enabling their engagement in long-term treatment following detoxification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The concern that addiction treatment be grounded in science has been recognized and enthusiastically endorsed in both the clinical and research communities. With recognition of the gap between knowledge development and application, there has been a recent emphasis on developing strategies for more effective application, i.e., for the incorporation of evidence-based practice in routine clinical programming. This has translated to a need to develop strategies designed to achieve organizational change and a field of study whose objective is to better understand how to expedite change in treatment organizations and their clinical practices. This paper focuses on the roles and responsibilities of researchers, practitioners, and the federal government in achieving changed practice and applying new knowledge to improve treatment. Even though great strides have been made to shift the emphasis from dissemination of knowledge to its application, much still remains to be done in the development and testing of additional application strategies specific to the substance abuse treatment field. Future considerations for implementation research are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The editing suite is one of the hidden spaces of film - a place where complex forms of embodied collaboration around screens take place. In this paper we present video-recorded data of an editor and director assembling a short documentary. From it we begin to describe editing work in terms of being aware of what media there are, assessing those materials and making them visible. We move on to consider the joint task of assessing clips once they are visible and making proposals about possible sequences. These actions are spatially arranged in a side-by-side format in front of multiple screens with asymmetric access to the controls. The editor's reservations are the areas of film-making for which they are accountable - their characteristic role of caution around the quality of media and intelligibility of a film for its audience. Much of the work on media and interaction assumes that the media are pre-formed and that these interactions are at a distance. Here we study the place where media are still in the process of being made, and while the work of editing is intimately dependent on video it is nevertheless accomplished in the local orders of the editing suite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high cost of incarceration and a general confidence in the effectiveness of drug abuse treatment have led many states to adopt community-based drug abuse treatment as part of, or as an alternative to, incarceration. Community re-entry and aftercare have therefore received increasing attention from both practitioners and researchers. This article examines possibilities for encouraging change in both adult and juvenile justice treatment. Four issues are highlighted: (1) relapse and aftercare, (2) co-occurring disorder, (3) juvenile justice programming, and (4) womenís treatment. The success of U.S. drug treatment policy depends on a capacity to resolve these and related issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A longstanding topic in our notions of what geographic knowledge could be is the mental map, or, in its most recent form, mental spatial representations. In this paper we draw upon ethnomethodological critiques of cognition, and mind more generally, to re-specify navigation, orientation and alignment in terms of human practices of navigating, orienting and aligning in particular settings. Our ambition in the paper is less to dismantle notions of cognition still present in geographers’ studies of map use; instead we offer the beginnings of a way of analysing ordinary practices of wayfinding that treats matters of reasoning as publicly available in gestures and conversation rather than indirectly accessible inner processes of mental map consultation. To do so we describe what occurs during two video fragments involving consultation of maps in commonplace situations. The first is a group of tourists on foot trying to find an old building in Edinburgh and the second daytrippers travelling out for a day in the countryside locating some recommended places to visit in a road atlas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article explores the epidemiology of co-occurring disorders (CODs) with an emphasis on the implications of study findings for the functioning and potential of substance abuse treatment. Severity of disorder is discussed as an issue that may have particular significance for the selection of specialized as opposed to traditional substance abuse treatment forms. Exploration is made, as well, of the resources currently available to substance abuse treatment, especially the human resources available, and the implications of resource availability for undertaking initiatives specific to COD. Findings from standard and enhanced treatment for comorbid individuals are examined in an effort to clarify areas of need for specialized and typical treatment personnel. Issues are raised for consideration by the clinical research and treatment provider communities in terms of assessment and diagnosis, manpower and training, and response to the challenge of relapse in this population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In prior research, Katz et al. found that role induction (RI) improved engagement for substance dependent clients relative to standard outpatient treatment orientation. The current study replicates and extends these findings to an examination of long-term outcomes. Substance dependent clients entering outpatient drug-free treatment (N = 353) were randomly assigned to RI or to Standard (ST) orientation followed by routine clinic treatment. Measures of employment, crime, and substance use were collected at intake and at six- and 12-months post-intake. Controlling for baseline differences in substance use, results partially replicated our earlier findings of better engagement for RI, as compared to ST participants; more RI than ST participants attended at least one post-orientation counseling session. RI improved 12-month substance use outcome relative to ST. The potential gain in retention and in reduced substance use at follow-up associated with a single RI session, recommend this strategy for further development and study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we review the contribution to this special edition, and putting them into the context of research into leisure and technology. We discuss the challenges of studying leisure in a field where its very name seems to focus attention on the study of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic anticipation is the increased incidence, earlier onset, or increased severity of a disease in successive generations. Before the biological basis of anticipation had been demonstrated, the phenomenon was thought to be due to sampling bias, epigenetic effects, gene conversion, or recombinant events. Since then, the biologic basis for anticipation in a number of neurodegenerative disorders has been shown to be attributable to trinucleotide repeat instability, with expansion of repeats clearly correlated with an earlier age of onset. Recently, telomere shortening has been suggested as the mechanism for anticipation in the autosomal dominant form of dyskeratosis congenita, attributable to mutations in the TERC gene, leading to dysfunctional telomeres (Vulliamy et al. ). However, the pattern of anticipation has been observed in other disorders, including cancers, for which no genetic defect has been identified. In this study, we assess the apparent generation effect on cancer incidence in ten extended families with P53 germline mutation, identified through probands diagnosed with childhood sarcoma. The probands were from two sets of systematically ascertained sarcoma patients treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1944 and 1982. From those overall studies, we have identified ten kindreds having germline P53 mutations in more than one generation. We compared the cancer incidence in members of successive generations of these families with P53 mutations (carriers) and with no P53 mutations (noncarriers). In carriers, cancer incidence increased in succeeding generations; there was no evidence for this effect in noncarriers; however, the noncarrier population was too small to rule it out. The apparent lack of increase in incidence in noncarriers argues against a cohort effect explaining the increase in carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of the "cognitive map" has long been central to studies of maps, wayfinding, and navigation. In this article we provide an alternative approach to studying map use that re-situates these activities as shared social and cultural practices. The article draws on ethno-methodology and conversation analysis to study video of two examples of naturally organized map reading, We explore how journeying with maps is part of the in situ organization of matters such as workplace tasks, means of transportation, having a "nice day out." maintaining friendships, and so on. In our first clip, a saleswoman consults an A-Z map while stopped at traffic lights in order to plan the journey ahead. In the second clip, a group of friends consult a map as they set off for a day trip together in a car. These clips provide thick descriptions of the detailed activities involved in map use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of the "cognitive map" has long been central to studies of maps, wayfinding, and navigation. In this article we provide an alternative approach to studying map use that re-situates these activities as shared social and cultural practices. The article draws on ethno-methodology and conversation analysis to study video of two examples of naturally organized map reading. We explore how journeying with maps is part of the in situ organization of matters such as workplace tasks, means of transportation, having a "nice day out," maintaining friendships, and so on. In our first clip, a saleswoman consults an A–Z map while stopped at traffic lights in order to plan the journey ahead. In the second clip, a group of friends consult a map as they set off for a day trip together in a car. These clips provide thick descriptions of the detailed activities involved in map use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A measure assessing client views of the community supports available to them was developed and tested with entrants to outpatient drug free treatment. Items for a Community Assessment Inventory (CAI) fell into four areas of potential social support for treatment entry and engagement: (1) partner and/or family with whom living; (2) family living outside the home; (3) friends; and (4) the community itself.Based on 241 study participants, it was found that internal consistency alphas for the four scales ranged between .79 and .88. Both total CAI score and individual scales assessing support from friends and from partner/spouse were found capable of predicting treatment readiness as assessed using the TCU Motivation Scale. Evidence of construct validity was suggested by differences in CAI total score between participants reporting and not reporting involvement in discussions with others regarding crime and regarding drugs. Findings are also provided regarding leisure time activities and social relations of treatment entrants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examined six-month outcomes for 194 criminal justice clients exiting outpatient drug-free treatment and assigned to aftercare or standard treatment. It compared sub-samples of those achieving positive (n=111) and negative outcomes (n=59), as defined by drug and alcohol use and arrests. Psychological variables and attendance at religious services distinguished significantly between groups. Predictor variables developed from that comparison were employed in logistic regression analyses making use of the full sample. Aftercare was found to be particularly significant for reduction in drug use, with optimism/pessimism about one's future and religious observance also significant predictors for substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the idea of making technology more context aware is an alluring one, this seemingly simple move hides a great deal of complexity. Even simple examples such as a context sensitive mobile phone which knows when not to ring, are unlikely to be successful. Any context sensitive technology is likely to make mistakes - like ringing in the middle of a film, or not ringing for an urgent call. Using three examples from fieldwork ofalerting systems(two ringing phones and one medical alarm in a hospital), we suggest three guidelines for context systems which could genuinely assist users. First, we argue that context sensitive computing should be useddefensively, where incorrect behaviour is tolerable. Second, that technology can provide structures to which people themselves can add context. Third, that technology can communicate context to users, allowing users to make sense of that contextual information themselves. Lastly we argue for an understanding of the long term use of technology use,dwellingwith technology, a process which changes how the world is seen and experienced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retention in outpatient drug-free treatment is poor, with many clients terminating prior to receiving therapeutic benefit. This randomized clinical trial compared the impact on retention and drug use of an individual role induction session conducted at intake with the standard group orientation offered at the clinic. Results of interim analyses indicated that participants assigned to role induction (n = 180) were retained for more days, more likely to attend at least one postorientation session, and more satisfied with the treatment program than were those assigned to standard treatment (n = 87). Preliminary results suggest that role induction is a brief technique that shows promise for retaining clients through the critical first 3 months of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several murine and human monocytic cell lines and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) from healthy volunteers were studied to compare their production of nitric oxide (NO) and induction of iNOS following endotoxin treatment. Although the human cells were sensitive to endotoxin and responded well by producing TNF-α and matrix metalloproteases (MMP), there was no induction of iNOS expression or NO production by any of these cells. Murine cells, however, produced large amounts of NO and expressed iNOS following similar endotoxin stimulation. We investigated the expression of PKC isotypes in all human and murine cell lines as well as in MDM, and found that the human cells lacked PKC-η while the murine counterparts lacked PKC-β1. Subsequently, human cells that were transfected with PKC-η were found to make large quantities of NO following endotoxin exposure, an observation not seen in untransfected cells. We propose that PKC-η is essential for the development of the iNOS positive phenotype in human monocytic cells, and may be responsible for the development of a number of inflammatory related conditions. As such it may be a suitable target for therapeutic intervention. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper we examine the spatial practices of mobile workers—how mobile workers manage their use of technology and place. Data from interviews with highly mobile workers and 'hotdeskers' are used to explore the reciprocal relationship between practice and place: how places change work, but also how work changes places. Mobile workers often need to configure their activities to take account of the different places in which they find themselves. This can involve considerable 'juggling' of their plans, humble office equipment, and their coworkers. In turn mobile workers change places, as they appropriate different sites for their work. Specifically, technology allows for the limited reappropriation of travel and leisure sites as places for work (such as trains and cafés). Time is also an important practical concern for mobile workers. Although mobile work may be seen as relatively flexible, fixed temporal structures allow mobile workers to 'accomplish synchronicity' with others. Although this paper focuses on the specific practices of mobile workers, it also explores how 'grand social theory' can help us understand the practical details of mobile work, yet how practice cannot be simply reduced to theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past 30 years have seen a focus on substance abuse research in association with the creation of federal agencies specifically mandated to guide that effort. While research has been well supported and largely productive, there has been increasing concern with the slow pace of adoption of the findings from that research. The history of those efforts suggests a long-standing concern with knowledge development, and a continuing reliance on print media to achieve knowledge application. Nonetheless, evidence from other human service fields, and increasingly from the substance abuse field, indicates interpersonal strategies are dramatically more effective in achieving the individual and organizational behavior change needed to achieve technology transfer. Argument is made that the federal government remains the best, if not the only resource for promoting technology transfer. A paradigm is described to further federal efforts in this area, and structural elements suggested for the achievement of technology transfer goals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Argues that an absolute prohibition against cloning is unworkable and ill-conceived and that there is time to engage in a debate to develop the type of restrictions upon cloning practices. Scientific history of cloning; Impact of advances in stem cell research and the mapping of the human genome on human cloning; Adverse social impacts resulting from a combination of genetic engineering and human cloning.

Drug user treatment clients with 5 or more HIV tests (frequent testees—N = 43) and 0–2 HIV tests (infrequent testees—N = 56) were compared on demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, perceived risk of HIV infection to self, involvement with family members, and psychological functioning. Extreme groups of HIV testees did not differ on any variables other than an index of perceived vulnerability to HIV infection (e.g., “You think that you really could get AIDS”). That measure of felt vulnerability was not correlated significantly with needle or sexual risk behaviors, family involvement, psychological functioning or other measures of perceived risk. It was reasoned that, in a community in which both dangers and protective behaviors are widely understood, frequent testees experience a generalized and heightened concern unrelated to specific behaviors or characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the use of formal systems has been an important topic within CSCW, their use as representations has been relatively neglected. This paper, using ethnographic data from a British oil company, investigates how representations are used. In the company studied an electronic timesheet system was implemented to be used by staff to account for their work. Looking at this system in use provides insights on what changes when processes are computerised. In particular, the computerised system used inflexible computerised rules to enforce a division of labour between the accountants who ran the system, and those who filled in their timesheets. However, this rigidity was not a purely negative feature; it helped the accountants who ran the system to do ``representational work'', and establish the accuracy of the timesheet system. Looking into the politics of this system in use illustrates the danger of generalising the relationship between formalisation and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Although far from typical, the following is an actual case. All of the details included in this discussion are taken from the public record. [1, 2]] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reveals the social and economic questions posed by DNA patenting. Concerns raised by the private control of DNA; Assault of DNA patenting on human dignity; Call for the United States government to establish a structure for monitoring the privatization of DNA.

Comparison was made of treatment clients attending Narcotics Anonymous and/or Alcoholics Anonymous meetings less than weekly (n = 41) with treatment clients attending meetings at least three times a week (n = 30). The frequent attenders (attending an average of 30.6 meetings monthly) differed from non- and infrequent attenders (attending an average of 0.4 meetings monthly) in terms of histories of greater lifetime drug use, more arrests and treatment experiences, and an earlier age of first use of alcohol. Although the frequent attender was also older, age was not found to influence the differences found between groups. Measures of religiosity, use of community services, and support from others for recovery and psychological functioning, other than ratings of the helpfulness of 12-Step, were not differentiated among groups. The findings suggest that 12-Step groups are more likely to be selected by clients with more severe histories of drug use and criminal activity, i.e., those most in need of the support to behavior change those groups provide. The role of treatment programs in facilitating the use of 12-Step groups is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the results from an ethnographic study of a groupware system in use to argue against two accepted views on groupware systems. Firstly, this paper argues that groupware is useful in how it supports existing everyday organizational processes, rather than as an agent of radical organizational change. Discussing the use of Lotus Notes in a British oil company shows how groupware supports mundane processes such as tracking repairs to equipment or encouraging good ideas. In this case groupware is a useful, yet unradical, technology. This is contrasted with discussions of groupware as a technology of radical change. Secondly, this paper argues that rigidity-the inability to change how a system works-can be a positive feature of a groupware system, or indeed, a very requirement of that system. A Notes system is shown being used to support accountability, in that staff used the record kept within the system to make their actions seem orderly and sensible to others. In this case the rigidity of the system was needed to convince others that the record was not being altered or fabricated. This is contrasted with those who have argued that groupware systems should be highly customisable by their users. More generally, this study uncovers the 'artful use' of groupware systems, how they are inventively integrated into work processes by those who use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term “chronic relapsing disorder/disease” is viewed as an unfortunate shorthand expression that does an injustice to the accomplishments of treatment patients and treatment providers, and inadequately describes the findings from treatment evaluation research. Studies are reported that make clear relapse is not an inevitable consequence of substance abuse treatment, while substantial reductions in drug use and crime are routinely obtained consequent to treatment. It is past time to retire a term whose only virtue is brevity, and whose vices risk harm to a treatment population that is already stigmatized and a treatment system that is under frequent pressure. Thus, retiring this term provides the important benefit of recognizing the real achievements in behavior change obtained by treatment clients in conjunction with their service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Describes a method for calculating the log-likelihood and two derivatives with respect to the data argument. Cumulative distribution function of a random variable; Linkage of extension of the logistic model to the probability of an event to the values of a set covariates; Log-likelihood calculations.

Presents a study that assesses changes in the impact of cancer on population survival without considering cause of death in the United States. Increase in age- and incidence-adjusted 5-year survival; Increase in cancer incidence for three of four sex-race groups; Impact of the HIV-related cancer on increased cancer incidence at early ages in white men.

We interviewed 70 substance abusers in methadone maintenance treatment regarding the life experiences of their 188 children. Sixty-four percent of the mothers reported using psychoactive drugs during their pregnancies. Eighty percent of parents reported an arrest during the time the child was growing up, 34% reported receiving treatment for an emotional disorder, and 14% were hospitalized. Four percent of the parents reported that their children had been placed in adoptive care, 9% in foster care, and 1% had a child in a group home. Forty-one percent of the parents reported that at least one of their children repeated a grade in school, 19% were involved in truancy, and 30% had been suspended from school. Twenty percent of parents reported their children's involvement with the law, and 17% reported drug or alcohol use. Problems with the law correlated highly with 1) being held back a grade, 2) truancy, 3) suspension from school, 4) expulsion from' school, and 5) treatment for alcohol or drug abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on genotype selection to rapidly breed congenic strains. Information on the origin of congenic strains; Details on the construction of congenic strains.

This article focuses on the effects on psychological testing on patients' perception of self and environment. All patients admitted to the day care unit which is associated with Cleveland State Hospital were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group consisted of individuals who were given a battery of objective psychological tests. A second group consisted of patients who were given no such battery. Each group consisted of 12 males and 8 females and were equated for age, education and diagnosis.

Judges' ratings were used to obtain groups of 24 patients showing good reality testing and 24 patients showing poor reality testing from continued-treatment wards housing 75 patients. Comparisons of sociometric performance revealed that patients with good reality testing made more selections of patients in categories of liked, disliked and patient council and knew better which patients liked them than did patients with poor reality testing. All patients selected those with good reality testing most frequently as liked and for patient council. The findings are interpreted to indicate thirst a group norm is present on continued-treatment wards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Strong abdominal musculature may be critical in athletic performance and the prevention of back injury. Female university soccer athletes and 11 age matched females and males not participating in athletic events were used to evaluate two tests of abdominal strength: the 60 second timed sit-up test, and a newly developed test of abdominal strength using a strain gauge (TBD). High reliability (r=.93) was found for the TBD test with no correlation to the timed sit-up. The TBD test is recommended as a measure of abdominal strength. Data are being collected to evaluate the relationship between abdominal strength, incidence of injury and performance. [Am J Health Studies 1999; 15(2): 91-93] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using video recordings as data to study how dyads follow instructional videos to achieve practical tasks, this article focuses on how participants coordinate the temporality of the video with that of their task by pausing the video. We examine three types of pausing, each displaying participants' online understanding of the instructions and different articulations between demonstrations and practical task: pausing to raise a correspondence problem, to keep up with the video, and to turn to action. From this exemplar case, we discuss how ordinary people experience and make time with interactive media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food delivery platforms are designed to match on-demand workers with jobs and then manage, monitor, and assess their performance. These platforms provide workers with a digital representation of delivery work. Once a worker accepts a delivery job they need to deal with the complexities of an unsettled urban landscape with varied infrastructures, traffic, and regulations. In particular, the Global South presents a demanding context for this type of work, given less clearly mapped addresses alongside other socio-cultural intricacies. In order to understand how food delivery workers bridge gaps and mismatches between the demands of the app and the realities encountered in situ, for this paper we shadowed six delivery workers over the course of their working day delivering food in Pune, India. The six workers included a complete novice and more experienced riders. We used helmet mounted cameras to record the delivery work, and how our participants managed the extra demands of food delivery work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our moment-by-moment analysis of the video data is informed by the methodological traditions of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. While the food delivery platform imposes a detailed workflow expected to be performed alone by the worker, our detailed video analysis reveals the collaborative nature of delivery work. We highlight how workers draw upon their ability to participate in ‘fleeting alliances’ and produce ‘frugal collaboration’ with co-located others, such as other delivery workers or security guards. This allows them to resolve everyday troubles, often learning or imparting ‘the tricks of the trade’ in the process. While gig platforms have commonly been presented as disruptive technologies for coordinating, regulating, and assessing gig workers individually and independently, our findings highlight collaboration as a critically important aspect of food delivery work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses article in the issue on research on collocated interaction topics including research agenda for HCI research; observational study by Luigina Ciolfi and Marc McLoughlin on heritage site; and combining collocation research topic.

Editorial. Questions the extent of the changes incurred by journal publications on drug abuse treatment services. Purposes of reporting treatment research findings; Reasons for the inadequacy of the print media for achieving change in the drug abuse treatment community; Suggestions for an effective print media.