17 results on '"Brophy M"'
Search Results
2. The development of education in post-conflict ‘Somaliland’
- Author
-
Bekalo, S.A., Brophy, M., and Welford, A.G.
- Subjects
- *
BASIC education , *SCHOOL children - Abstract
In the light of fresh international initiatives to achieve Universal Basic Education and gender equality in education by 2015, this paper examines factors affecting its realisation in the context of Somaliland. In a ‘country’ where over 80% of the school age population are receiving little meaningful education, the paper reflects on more flexible approaches to education to enable sustainable education for children and disadvantaged adults. The paper draws on fieldwork data from a DfID-funded study (DFID ED2000/107) and the authors’ own experiences.The discussion highlights the peculiar circumstances of Somaliland. It charts the provision of Education in Somaliland from the colonial era through post-independence times to the civil conflict which led to the destruction of education in the country. It goes on to look at the progress being made at the present time following ‘stop-gap’ measures for emergency education towards revitalising enhanced education. It completes the picture by describing challenges to the achievement of the UBE target.The authors review aspects of alternative and flexible educational approaches and urge the integration of these non-formal systems with the formal, governmentally controlled school systems being restored in Somaliland. They do so while sounding a note of caution that for all the energy and enthusiasm associated with these approaches, they have yet to be evaluated for their effectiveness in providing quality basic education. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comments: implications of hormesis for industrial hygienists.
- Author
-
Brophy, M O
- Subjects
- *
HORMESIS , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene - Abstract
Quantitative health risk assessment is based on extrapolating from the high-dose end of the dose-response curve to points close to the origin or the threshold where the dose levels are closer to the lower environmental or occupational exposures. Hormesis is demonstrated in chronic toxicological studies where the animals treated at the lowest experimental dose appear to be healthier than the controls, as evidenced by longer life spans, less disease and/or increased body weight. If the occupational exposure limit (OEL) or environmental exposure limit (EEL) is in the range of the hormetic effect, or lower than the hormetic effect, then a case could be made that exposure at the OEL or EEL is 'safe.' This idea is controversial because it challenges some of the basic assumptions of quantitative health risk assessment as it has been practiced during the past 50 years. De-emphasis of the dose-response curve in determining OELs and EELs will occur not because of hormesis, but because the emerging sciences of genomics and proteomics will shift the focus from statistical methods to individuals as genetic and protein engineering becomes more sophisticated and powerful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The role of epsin in promoting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and metastasis by activating NF-kB signaling in breast cancer.
- Author
-
Cai, X., Brophy, M. L., Hahn, S., McManus, J., Chang, B., Pasula, S., and Chen, H.
- Subjects
- *
BREAST cancer research , *METASTASIS , *TUMOR growth , *CANCER invasiveness , *CANCER patients - Abstract
Background: Breast Cancer progression and metastasis are multi-step processes that involve local tumor growth and invasion followed by tumor dissemination to and re-establishment at distant sites. The ability of a tumor to metastasize is the major determinant of the mortality of cancer patients. Thus, elucidating the molecular pathways essential for tumor metastasis is of high priority in cancer biology. We have previously demonstrated that deficiency of epsins, a family of endocytic clathrin adaptor proteins, decreases tumor growth by enhancing VEGF signaling in vascular endothelial cells and subsequently promoting dysfunctional tumor angiogenesis. Research Objective: Our immediate aim in the current research is to determine the role of epsin in regulating breast cancer growth and metastasis by activating NF-κB signaling. Our ultimate goal is to seek better treatment for breast cancer patients. Rationale: Our preliminary data demonstrate that epsins are overexpressed in human cancers, including breast cancer. Knockdown of epsins in human breast cancer cell line MDA- MB-231 inhibits in vitro cell proliferation and migration. Xenograft or tail-vein injection of epsin- deficient breast cancer cells reveals marked reduction in in vivo tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Moreover, E-cadherin is increased and vimentin decreased in epsin-deficient MDA -MB-231 and in tumors derived from epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 tumor models. Conversely, overexpression of epsin in breast epithelial cell line MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 results in decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that epsin regulates EMT through modulating NF-κB signaling. Methods: we use combined techniques of western blot, confocal immunofluorescence and RT-PCR to examine NF-κB activation. Results: NF- B phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and NF--κB target gene snail/slug expression is downregulated in epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231. Epsin overexpression in MDA-MB-231 increases NF--κB phosphorylation. Mechanistically, we show that epsin co-immunoprecipitates with components of TNF Receptor Signaling Complex (TNFR-SC) including TNFR1, TRADD, RIP, TRAF2 and NEMO in MDA-MB-231, which can be enhanced by TNFα stimulation. Conversely, recruitment of NEMO and TRAF2 to TNFR1 is impaired in epsin-deficient MDA-MB-231 compared to control upon TNFα treatment. Given that ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIM) of epsin is important for its interaction with ubiquitinated proteins, we show that wild type (WT) but not a UIM-deficient mutant epsin (epsinΔUIM) coprecipitates with TNFR1 in 293T cells. Overexpression of epsinΔUIM inhibits NF--κB activation in MDA-MB-231 and 293T cells compared to WT. In addition, UIM of epsin and polyubquitination of RIP are required for the interaction of epsin with RIP in 293T cells response to TNFα. Conclusion: epsin promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis by upregulating NF-kB signaling and EMT. Epsin serves as scaffolding protein through UIM-polyubiquitin chain interaction to stabilize TNFR1 signaling complex (TNFR-SC) and subsequently enhance NF- kB signaling in breast cancer cells. Our study provides a basis for novel therapeutic targets for the development of anti-metastatic cancer treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Transfer loss in acoustic charge transport devices due to electron traps induced by proton bombardment.
- Author
-
Janes, D., Hoskins, M. J., and Brophy, M. J.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONS , *PROTONS , *COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) - Abstract
Presents study which introduced electron traps into an acoustic charge transport (ACT) channel in a controlled manner by proton bombardment. Characteristics of the electron traps; Evaluation of the transfer performance of the ACT device; Results.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Evaluation of the relative importance of preheat from hohlraum x rays and a radiative shock on a low-density foam.
- Author
-
Kim, Y., Di Stefano, C., Kozlowski, P. M., Murphy, T. J., Haines, B. M., Day, T. H., Brophy, M., Gunderson, M. A., VanDervort, R. W., Cleveland, M. A., Coffman, T. A., Olson, R. E., Douglas, M. R., Smidt, J. M., Morrow, T., Schmidt, D. W., Albright, B. J., Barnak, D. H., and Widmann, K.
- Subjects
- *
X-rays , *FOAM , *SHOCK waves , *X-ray spectra , *SHOCK tubes , *SPEED measurements - Abstract
Indirectly driven shock-tube experiments were performed on the Omega Laser Facility to evaluate the relative importance of hohlraum x ray and radiative shock preheat sources on a low-density foam. X rays emitted from the hohlraum and a subsequent shock wave are channeled into a low-density foam sample, which contains a plastic preheat-witness disk placed downstream of the foam. Simultaneous radiographic measurements of the shock speed in the foam and the expansion rate of the witness disk due to preheat allow for the observation of effects from the hohlraum's low-energy and high-energy x-ray spectrum. We showed, from simulations, that low-energy x rays from the hohlraum are preferentially absorbed near the ablator surface (where the hohlraum and the shock tube meet), while higher-energy x rays largely pass through the ablator and foam and are volumetrically absorbed by the witness disk. Reproducing the experimentally measured shock speed and expansion of the witness disk simultaneously, we extracted the temperature evolution of preheated foam from the simulation and evaluated the relative importance of preheat sources on a low-density foam from hohlraum x-ray radiation and radiative shock. We found that radiation from the shock front was more effective at preheating the low-density foam than the high-energy x rays from the hohlraum. This shock-tube preheat experiment is important for understanding the results of the MARBLE experiments at the National Ignition Facility because initial conditions of foam-filled MARBLE capsules are sensitive to preheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Man-killers.
- Author
-
Bensimhon, D. and Brophy, M.
- Subjects
- *
ACCIDENTS - Abstract
Discusses how every year just about 200 Americans are killed in unfortunate encounters with various wild and domestic animals. Statistics show deaths due to hitting deer is the highest; Bees are second; Dogs are third; Details.
- Published
- 1992
8. Snore no more.
- Author
-
Donahue, P.J. and Brophy, M.
- Subjects
- *
SLEEP - Abstract
Discusses several self-help and medical cures that can stop snoring for good. Suggests elevating your head, getting off your back, losing weight, and clearing your nose. Tells how the tongue gets sucked into the airway. INSET: Bedchamber of horrors (tells of snoring cures that seem more....
- Published
- 1992
9. Design and Rationale for the Veterans Affairs “Cooperative Study Program 594 Comparative Effectiveness in Gout: Allopurinol vs. Febuxostat” Trial.
- Author
-
Timilsina, S., Brittan, K., O'Dell, J.R., Newcomb, J., Mikuls, T.R., Brophy, M., Wu, H., Davis-Karim, A., Henrie, A.M., Pittman, D., Neogi, T., Palevsky, P.M., Pillinger, M.H., and Taylor, T.H.
- Subjects
- *
GOUT , *XANTHINE oxidase , *ALLOPURINOL , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *VOLUMETRIC analysis , *URIC acid , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Background Gout patients do not routinely achieve optimal outcomes related in part to suboptimal administration of urate lowering therapy (ULT) including first-line xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol or febuxostat. Studies leading to the approval of febuxostat compared this agent to allopurinol in inappropriately low, fixed doses. We will compare allopurinol with febuxostat in gout using appropriately titrated doses of both agents and a “treat-to-target” strategy congruent with specialty guidelines. Methods We have planned and initiated the Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Study Program (CSP) 594, Comparative Effectiveness in Gout: Allopurinol vs Febuxostat study. This large double-blind, non-inferiority trial will enroll 950 gout patients randomized to receive allopurinol or febuxostat. Patients will be followed for a total of 72 weeks encompassing 3 distinct 24-week study phases. During Phase I (0–24 weeks), participants will undergo gradual dose titration of ULT until achievement of serum uric acid (sUA) <6.0 mg/dL or <5.0 mg/dL if tophi are present. Dose escalation will not be allowed during final three study visits of Phase 2 (24–48 weeks) and during Phase 3 (48–72 weeks). The primary study outcome is the proportion of participants experiencing at least one gout flare during Phase 3. Subsequent to the 72-week study, participants will be followed passively for up to 10 years after the study to assess long-term health outcomes. Conclusion With its completion, the VA Comparative Effectiveness in Gout: Allopurinol vs Febuxostat study will demonstrate the central role of gradual ULT dose escalation and a treat-to-target strategy in gout management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Outcomes after Angiography with Sodium Bicarbonate and Acetylcysteine.
- Author
-
Weisbord, S. D., Gallagher, M., Jneid, H., Garcia, S., Cass, A., Thwin, S.-S., Conner, T. A., Chertow, G. M., Bhatt, D. L., Shunk, K., Parikh, C. R., McFalls, E. O., Brophy, M., Ferguson, R., Wu, H., Androsenko, M., Myles, J., Kaufman, J., Palevsky, P. M., and Weisbord, Steven D
- Subjects
- *
SODIUM bicarbonate , *ACETYLCYSTEINE , *KIDNEY injuries , *PREVENTIVE medicine , *ANGIOGRAPHY , *ACUTE kidney failure prevention , *TREATMENT of chronic kidney failure , *HALOTHERAPY , *ACUTE kidney failure , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CREATININE , *FLUID therapy , *HEMODIALYSIS , *INTRAVENOUS therapy , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *ORAL drug administration , *RESEARCH , *EVALUATION research , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *CONTRAST media , *BLIND experiment , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background: Intravenous sodium bicarbonate and oral acetylcysteine are widely used to prevent acute kidney injury and associated adverse outcomes after angiography without definitive evidence of their efficacy.Methods: Using a 2-by-2 factorial design, we randomly assigned 5177 patients at high risk for renal complications who were scheduled for angiography to receive intravenous 1.26% sodium bicarbonate or intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride and 5 days of oral acetylcysteine or oral placebo; of these patients, 4993 were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. The primary end point was a composite of death, the need for dialysis, or a persistent increase of at least 50% from baseline in the serum creatinine level at 90 days. Contrast-associated acute kidney injury was a secondary end point.Results: The sponsor stopped the trial after a prespecified interim analysis. There was no interaction between sodium bicarbonate and acetylcysteine with respect to the primary end point (P=0.33). The primary end point occurred in 110 of 2511 patients (4.4%) in the sodium bicarbonate group as compared with 116 of 2482 (4.7%) in the sodium chloride group (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 1.22; P=0.62) and in 114 of 2495 patients (4.6%) in the acetylcysteine group as compared with 112 of 2498 (4.5%) in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.33; P=0.88). There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of contrast-associated acute kidney injury.Conclusions: Among patients at high risk for renal complications who were undergoing angiography, there was no benefit of intravenous sodium bicarbonate over intravenous sodium chloride or of oral acetylcysteine over placebo for the prevention of death, need for dialysis, or persistent decline in kidney function at 90 days or for the prevention of contrast-associated acute kidney injury. (Funded by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; PRESERVE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01467466 .). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Semiochemical attractants for the beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi.
- Author
-
Silk, P.J., Mayo, P.D., LeClair, G., Brophy, M., Pawlowski, S., MacKay, C., Hillier, N.K., Hughes, C., and Sweeney, J.D.
- Subjects
- *
LEAFMINERS , *CURCULIONIDAE , *EUROPEAN beech , *AMERICAN beech , *SEMIOCHEMICALS , *OVIPARITY in insects - Abstract
The beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi L. ( Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Rhamphini), a pest of European beech, Fagus sylvatica L. ( Fagaceae), was recently discovered infesting American beech, Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., in Nova Scotia, Canada. Adult O. fagi feed on both young and mature leaves of beech as well as on other species (e.g., raspberry, Rubus spp.), but oviposition and larval feeding are restricted to beech. Females oviposit in young developing beech leaves at the time of bud burst. We characterized volatiles emitted from buds, leaves, and sapwood of American beech and examined their potential as attractants alone or when combined with other weevil pheromones for O. fagi. We predicted that adults would be attracted to volatiles emitted from beech leaves, especially those emitted from bursting beech buds. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ( GC/ MS) analyses of volatiles collected from buds at pre- and post-budburst identified two diterpene hydrocarbons, 9-geranyl- p-cymene ( 1) and 9-geranyl-α-terpinene ( 2a), that were emitted in large amounts at the time of bud burst. Compound 1 significantly increased mean catch of males and total O. fagi (but not females) on sticky traps compared with unbaited controls. Y-tube bioassays confirmed attraction of male O. fagi to bursting beech buds and compound 1. Attraction of male O. fagi to 1, emitted in large quantities from American beech, is likely adaptive because both oviposition and mating of O. fagi coincide with budburst. Our data suggest that traps baited with 1 may be useful for monitoring the spread of O. fagi in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Unsaturated Cuticular Hydrocarbons Enhance Responses to Sex Pheromone in Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana.
- Author
-
Silk, P., Eveleigh, E., Roscoe, L., Burgess, K., Weatherby, S., Leclair, G., Mayo, P., and Brophy, M.
- Subjects
- *
SPRUCE budworm , *HYDROCARBON analysis , *PHEROMONES , *WIND tunnels , *CHORISTONEURA - Abstract
The primary sex pheromone components of the female spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), are ( E)- and ( Z)-11-tetradecenal, produced in 95:5 ratio. However, male flight responses to calling females in a wind tunnel were faster and maintained longer than responses to any synthetic aldehyde blend. Analyses of cuticular extracts from spruce budworm adults revealed series of n-alkanes and n-monoalkenes with predominantly odd numbers of carbon atoms from C- C in both sexes. ( Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene and ( Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-pentacosatriene were identified only in cuticular extracts from females. Pheromonally naïve males showed wing fanning and circling responses to forewing scales from females but not to scales from males. Males also exhibited the same strong responses to scales excised from pharate females, indicating that the pheromone components are produced by females prior to emergence. ( Z)-11-hexadecenal and ( Z)-5-tricosene enhanced male responses to the primary sex pheromone aldehydes in wind tunnel bioassays, including higher proportions of in-flight and copulatory responses by males and increased time on the source. Addition of ( Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene to the 95/5 blend of ( E)- and ( Z)-11-tetradecenal released close-range copulatory responses including abdomen curling on treated septa. We propose that the sex pheromone blend of C. fumiferana is composed of the 95/5 blend of ( E)- and ( Z)-11-tetradecenal as primary components, with ( Z)-11-hexadecenal, ( Z)-5-tricosene and ( Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-tricosatriene fulfilling secondary roles in orientation and close-range courtship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Calcineurin channel inhibitors stimulate platelet degranulation and fibrogen binding in a dose-dependent manner.
- Author
-
Hayes, N. J., Hayes, P. D., Brophy, M., Jones, C., Goodall, A. H., and Nicholson, M. L.
- Subjects
- *
CHEMICAL inhibitors , *BLOOD platelets , *FIBRINOGEN , *CYCLOSPORINE , *TACROLIMUS , *KIDNEY diseases - Abstract
Presents a study on the capability of calcineurin channel inhibitors to stimulate platelet degranulation and fibrinogen binding in a dose-dependent manner. Evaluation of the impact of various dosages of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus; Determination of the expression of P-selectin; Involvement of the inhibitors in the pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy.
- Published
- 2004
14. Presence of HLA antibodies in single-donor-derived fresh frozen plasma compared with pooled, solvent detergent-treated plasma (Octaplas®).
- Author
-
Sinnott, P., Bodger, S., Gupta, A., and Brophy, M.
- Subjects
- *
HLA histocompatibility antigens , *IMMUNOGLOBULINS , *BLOOD plasma , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *BLOOD transfusion , *BLOOD groups - Abstract
Adverse reactions to plasma transfusion are well documented. One of the most serious hazards of transfusion, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), has nearly as high an incidence of mortality and major morbidity as that reported for the transfusion of incorrect blood components. The specific mechanisms of plasma component-induced adverse reactions remain unclear, but a major contribution may be related to the presence of alloantibodies. In this study, a laboratory analysis was undertaken to determine the presence of HLA antibodies in leucodepleted single-donor-derived fresh frozen plasma (FFP). A comparison was made with a pooled plasma product that has undergone solvent detergent treatment. In total, 58 plasma samples from single-donor units of leucodepleted FFP were tested along with samples from 12 units (three for each ABO blood group) of the pooled plasma (Octaplas®; Octapharma Ltd, Coventry, UK), for the presence of HLA antibodies. HLA-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used to screen for their presence, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity and flow cytometry analyses were used to further define their presence, specificity and class[immunoglobulin G (IgG)/IgM]. In the study groups, HLA antibodies were found to be present in five of the single-donor units (9%) while the pooled plasma samples tested negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Pearling Quality of Canadian Barley Varieties and their Potential Use as Rice Extenders*
- Author
-
Edney, M. J., Rossnagel, B. G., Endo, Y., Ozawa, S., and Brophy, M.
- Subjects
- *
BARLEY varieties , *FOOD texture - Abstract
Barley can be used as an extender of rice to increase the nutritive value of the end-product. Specific quality barley is required if the processed barley is to resemble cooked white rice in colour and shape. The barley must pearl and split without the production of broken kernels or fines and yet produce desired end use quality. Barley endosperm texture and colour are key to determining these processing characteristics. Testing of Canadian barley types indicated the waxy type was most appropriate for pearling and processing as rice extender. It had a firm endosperm texture that was not steely and yet processed into a white product with few broken grains. Covered barley was of better quality than hull-less, as the former generally had fewer steely kernels as well as firmer endosperm texture. Differences observed between two- and six-rowed type were related to grain size and could be overcome by proper adjustments to processing conditions. Growing conditions affected kernel size and barley protein contents but to a lesser extent than barley type. L* brightness values, Particle Size Index and kernel size were found to be important predictors of barley quality for pearling and as rice extender. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. 1562MO Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients: A nationwide Veterans Affairs study.
- Author
-
Wu, J.T-Y., La, J., Branch-Elliman, W., Huhmann, L.B., Han, S., Parmigiani, G., Tuck, D., Brophy, M., Do, N., Lin, A., Munshi, N., and Fillmore, N.
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 vaccines , *CANCER vaccines , *VACCINE effectiveness , *CANCER patients , *VETERANS - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Rapamycin is associated with platelet activation and increased spleen size: a mechanism for rapamycin-induced thrombocytopenia?
- Author
-
Hayes, N. J., Nicholson, M. L., Jones, C., Brophy, M., Goodall, A. H., and Hayes, P. D.
- Subjects
- *
RAPAMYCIN , *IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents , *MACROLIDE antibiotics , *BLOOD platelet activation , *SPLEEN , *LYMPHOID tissue - Abstract
Studies the effect of rapamycin on platelets in vivo and in vitro. Utilization of flow cytometry; Increase of in vitro resting platelet degranulation; Effect of splenic sequestration of activated platelets.
- Published
- 2004
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.