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Tooth color change is an alteration that varies in cause, location and severity, which may be related to extrinsic factors, intrinsic factors or a combination of both; For this reason, dental whitening is one of the procedures most requested from dentists; more and more patients are looking for a better image and smile without considering the possible consequences. This is due to the constant advertising in the media; in addition, it has led to the appearance of certain products on the market that are used by consumers without any control from the dentist. Therefore, the objective of this review is to know the advantages and disadvantages of dental whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide (PH) (ultradent) in the office and 10% carbamide peroxide (PC) (ultradent) for home use, with the aim of in order to guarantee the comfort of patients during use and to avoid possible adverse effects. The academic Google search engine was reviewed, as well as databases: PubMed, SciELO, Medigraphic and ScienceDirect, in the period 2002 to 2020, using as keywords "hydrogen peroxide", "carbamide peroxide", "whitening", "clarification", "ph" and their similar in English. Two hundred fifty-four articles were obtained, of which 50 were selected and analyzed because they were related to the topic raised. It is concluded that, according to the instructions specified by the manufacturer, PH 35% and PC 10% are reliable agents for dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The appearance and color of the teeth are common concerns for patients and are associated with an increased need for treatments that can improve dental aesthetics. For this reason, in the past 20 years, dental science has been searching for new techniques and materials able to reduce dental discoloration. Method: Gummy candies containing two different concentrations (7% and 14% w/v) of hydrogen peroxide microencapsulated by ionic gelation were prepared. In vitro tooth whitening treatment was carried out for 30 days to test the bleaching action of these formulations. The surface color of the treated teeth was measured using a colorimetric technique. Results: Significant differences were found on comparing the whitening treatments for the two formulations with a control group, with two daily treatments using the formulation with 7% hydrogen peroxide being more effective for whitening than a daily single treatment using the formulation with 14 %. Conclusions: The two formulations developed had an in vitro higher bleaching effect in comparison with the control group, and in addition, better results were achieved if the daily dose was provided by more applications at a lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case report of a 28 year-old patient who went to the comprehensive care service of Mártires del Moncada Provincial Teaching Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba for presenting a change of color in the anterosuperior left tooth is described. Periapical X-ray was indicated that showed pulpar radicular treatment in that tooth. It was decided to carry out the blenching technique for dyschromia of organic origin for 3 or 4 sessions. The expected result was obtained and the patient was satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this study aimed to evaluate the impact of professional tooth bleaching on patients' quality of life. Methods: a total of 40 patients were selected in the treatment of office tooth bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide, which met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. To determine the impact of dental bleaching on patients' quality of life, the OHIP-14 questionnaire was used, containing 14 questions divided into 7 domains assessing aspects: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical incapacity, psychological incapacity, social incapacity and social disadvantage, before the beginning and 30 days after dental bleaching was completed. Results: the total Ohip-14 score and domains were compared at both time points (before and after bleaching) using the Wilcoxon test, which showed no significant difference (p <0.05%) for all domains, except for the psychological discomfort domain in which a reduction in impact was observed after the bleaching procedure. Conclusion: OHIP-14 showed that the bleaching procedure favors the aesthetics of individuals, improving their quality of life, thus reducing the stress on the psychological impacts on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oxidizing bleaching agents such as peroxides generate irreversible damage to dental enamel and chemically affect the organic and inorganic component of the enamel. Alternative substances that can improve the color of the enamel without damaging it are reported in the literature. Purpose: To identify the remineralizing bleaching substances reported in the literature and their effect on the color of the dental enamel. Methods: The databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, SciELO, Lilacs and Scopus were consulted, the keywords used for the search were dental enamel, tooth bleaching, bleaching, calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, apatite, biomimetic, biomimetics, connected by the Boolean operator AND and OR in different ways. The eligibility criteria of the articles that would be part of the review were not to include hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxides with addition of fluorides and calcium phosphates and additionally using a color measurement method. Results: The result of the search yielded 7 articles, the substances found of remineralizing type were synthetic hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphates and sodium hexametaphosphate. According to the evaluation criteria defined, only 4 of them had a high level of evidence, one medium level and two low. All studies report with proven treatments the ability to generate changes in tooth enamel color. Conclusions: The remineralizing whitening substances found have the ability to produce changes in the color of the dental enamel, which is evidenced with modification in the different measurement scales used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, many patients are interested in esthetic dentistry treatments for various reasons: from the search for personal satisfaction, up to needs labor type. The esthetic dentistry reference in our society is determined by several factors, including one that produces more dissatisfaction is abnormal tooth color or that does not meet the patient's expectations. For this reason it has been designed and implemented an algorithm in MATLAB that captures, digitizes, pre-processing and analyze dental imaging by allowing to evaluate the degree of bleaching caused by the use of mouthwash. The samples analyzed were human teeth extracted, which were subjected to different concentrations of mouthwash of several brands or manufacturers that offer teeth whitening when using these products, different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were also used because this is the component principal in whitening products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been reported that dental bleaching causes changes in the chemical composition of enamel and, in consequence, in the dental micromorphology, superficial hardness, and immediate bond to dental enamel. Objective: Identify changes in the chemical composition of the enamel surface after application of 38% hydrogen peroxide, and determine the effect of fluoride application on ion concentration. Methods: Percentage of calcium, chlorine, phosphorus and oxygen was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy in 36 healthy premolars in three stages: 1) intact enamel; 2) after applying bleaching agent; and 3) after applying sodium fluoride rinse and gel. Data were analyzed with the SIGN test (MINITAB15 statistical package) (confidence level = 95%). Results: Bleaching caused changes in the enamel composition. Oxygen increased 9.43%, while calcium, phosphorus and chlorine decreased 9.25%, 0.9%, and 0.41%, respectively. Calcium increased 4.29% with the application of fluoride rinse and 4.89% with neutral gel. Both presentations of fluoride produced increases in oxygen and phosphorus decreases. No statistically significant differences were found between fluorides. Conclusions: There are changes in the enamel composition associated with the use of 38% hydrogen peroxide. Weight percentage of important elements decreased and, as a result of the redox reaction, oxygen increases. With the application of fluoride, regardless of its presentation, calcium increases. Oxygen decreases, which is attributable to the post-bleaching time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tooth whitening is one of the mostly used treatments to improve dental esthetics. Dental bleaching techniques include the use of substances such as carbamide peroxide, sodium perborate, and hydrogen peroxide. Researchers and clinicians are often seeking to know which techniques produce the best results. Purpose: To determine whether the use of halogen light with 25% hydrogen peroxide in in-office tooth bleaching is more effective than the use of hydrogen peroxide alone. Methods: A controlled clinical trial was carried out. Upper maxilla of 10 healthy patients received whitening therapy with 25% hydrogen peroxide. Using the divided maxilla method, one quadrant of each patient was exposed to halogen light for 20 minutes and the other did not. The in-office procedure was carried out in two sessions of 20 minutes each. Color in each quadrant was measured before and after the therapy with the Vita EasyShade color guide. Results: The use of halogen light with tooth bleaching with 25% hydrogen peroxide did not show statistically significant differences with the use of hydrogen peroxide alone regarding color change (p=0,38). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the esthetic demand among patients has turned dental bleaching into one of the most requested dental treatments. Dental bleaching has gaining so much popularity, that it has become very important for the general dentist to be trained in the handling of bleaching agents. The dental practitioner should follow a strict protocol of diagnosis, treatment planning and maintenance, and thoroughly know the indications and contraindications of every available technique in the market as well as its advantages and disadvantages in order to be able to explain them conveniently to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]