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Background: Very few studies have compared different diagnostic approaches to diagnose depression in patients with cancers. Aim: To compare the different diagnostic approaches used for diagnosing depression in patients with cancers. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 200 patients (diagnosed with cancer at least 3 months prior to recruitment) attending the outpatient services who were assessed on diagnostic and statistical manual, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria for depression. Additionally, these patients were also assessed using the inclusive, exclusive, and substitutive criteria for depression using a semistructured interview. Patients completed Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.28 years (S.D. M14.11). Females outnumbered males. The mean age of onset of malignancy was 47 years (S.D 14.03), and the mean time since diagnosis of cancer was 35.45 years (S.D 36.87). The prevalence of depression was the highest (38.5%) when estimated using the PHQ-9 and was the lowest (21.5%) when assessed using exclusive criteria for depression. All approaches had high degree of concordance with the DSM-5 criteria for depression. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with cancer suffer from depression, and the prevalence is influenced by the diagnostic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few-mode fibers have been used in contemporary communication with mode multiplexing and space-division-multiplexing techniques to enhance the capacity crunch in recent communication links. The design parameters of the proposed fiber are predicted through machine learning-based inverse design approach, using regression model. The proposed few-mode fibre profile parameters are predicted with an accuracy of 99.95% to guide five to ten modes with weak coupling among the guided modes. In second phase of this work, the authors used a finite difference method-based solver to obtain the modal characteristics of the proposed fibre with predicted parameters for six guided modes, namely, LP01, LP11, LP21, LP31, LP41, and LP51. The numerical simulation results show that the predicted profile parameter maximizes effective mode-area and minimizes the inter-channel crosstalk for mode division multiplexing transmission over C-band. Besides this, the proposed ring-core few-mode fiber also exhibits nearly zero-dispersion for LP01 mode at 1550 nm along with low dispersion for other higher-order modes. Finally, an intensity-modulation and direct-detection mode multiplexed transmission link without erbium-doped fiber amplifier is established with six-spatial channels over 50 km and an attenuation of 0.18 dB/km to achieve minimum bit-error-rate of 4.45×10-9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality which accounts for 20–50% of all deaths. Although most studies describe hypertension in older adults and the elderly, there is a paucity of data on young adults as they are deemed to be at a lower risk of developing the disease. Objectives: To study the prevalence of hypertension and study the risk factors and strength of association between factors and hypertension among 20–40 years old. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 20–40 years old residing in the urban field practice area to find the prevalence of hypertension and its association with socio-demographic factors. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected with the help of an interview method by systematic random sampling using predesigned and pretested semi-structured questionnaires. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded using a sphygmomanometer, and the average reading was considered. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, Open Epi software, and SPSS software. Results: Out of 420 subjects, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be 17.9% and pre-hypertension was 52%. Factors significantly associated with hypertension were age, marital status, type of family, family history of hypertension, tobacco chewing, stress, and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: The present study reveals a high prevalence of hypertension (17.9%) in the 20–40 years old age group, which can lead to increased cardiovascular disease burden in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment is the main concern nowadays to protect the soil. Heat treatment processes used to enhance the properties of steel should not affect the environment badly. In this study, eco-friendly oil-quench specimens of 42CrMo4 steel are subjected to different tempering temperatures for about 4 hours and tested. Hardness, room temperature impact toughness, and microstructure of specimens were determined. Results showed that as the tempering temperature increased, there was an increase in impact toughness with slight decrease in the hardness. Blend oil-quench specimen, tempered at 450°C and 500°C, shows reasonably good hardness (40 and 39 Rc, respectively) and impact toughness (35 and 40 J, respectively). Response surface approach for combined optimization has given the optimized value for tempering temperature and oil viscosity as 453°C and 34.7 centistokes, respectively. Confirmation test results have shown that the regression equation developed is the best fit with percentage error less than 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The household contacts of active TB patients are at higher risk of progressing from latent infection to active TB. • Understanding the interactions between M tb antigens, recombinant cytokines, and chemokines offers strategies for TB control. • MCP-1 secretion and expression reveals distinct patterns in active TB and their household contactsduring TB infection. • Our study demonstrates the predictive value of MCP-1 levels in identifying high risk individuals towards TB. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tb), which is recognized by macrophages and produces inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines at the site of infection. The present study was proposed to understand the interaction of M tb antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. We have evaluated the chemokine MCP-1 levels and its expression in PBMCs stimulated with M tb antigens Ag85A, ESAT6 and recombinant cytokines rhTNF-α, rhIFN-γ, rhTGF-β, and rhIL-10 in active pulmonary TB (APTB) patients, household contacts (HHC) at 0 months, 6 months and healthy controls (HC). We have observed low levels of MCP-1 with Ag85A, ESAT6, and rhTNF-α stimulations in APTB 0M compared to HHC and HC (p < 0.0067, p < 0.0001, p < 0.01, p < 0.005, p < 0.0065, p < 0.0001) and significantly increased after treatment with rhTNF-α. The MCP-1 levels with rhIFN-γ were high in APTB, HHC at 0 M and significant between APTB 0 M vs. 6 M, HHC vs. HC, and HHC 0M vs. 6M (p < 0.0352, p < 0.0252, p < 0.00062). The rhTGF-β, rhIL-10 induced high MCP-1 levels in APTB, HHC compared to HC (p < 0.0414, p < 0.0312, p < 0.004, p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased after treatment with rhIL-10 (p < 0.0001). The MCP-1 expression was low with all the stimulations in APTB 0M when compared to HC and after treatment. Whereas, HHC shown low MCP-1 expression with rhTNF-α, rhIFN-γ and Ag85A and high with rhTGF-β, rhIL-10 and ESAT6. In conclusion, the study determined the differential expression and production of MCP-1 with M tb antigens and recombinant cytokines. Further, cohort studies are required to study these interaction to identify the high risk individuals, which might help for TB control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in hospitalized children, as well as investigate the characteristics of ARIs with single and multiple pathogens detection from July 2015 to June 2016. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of viruses, bacteria and mix infection of both in hospitalized children with ARI and their correlation with two divergent geographical settings of Odisha. Hospitalized children with ARI aged <5 were recruited from July 2015 to June 2016. Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal swabs were collected for detection of common respiratory viruses by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Bacteria were isolated by routine culture methods. The analysis revealed 150 (56%) were detected with >1bacteria, 40(15%) with > 1virus, 22(8.2%) with > 2 bacteria and 20(7-4%) with both bacteria and virus. Most frequently detected pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonae, Setrptococcus pneumonae, Parainfluenza A and Influenza A virus. Incidences of pathogens were detected more among children <1 year, Gender discrimination in the form of dietary neglect of the female children has also been noted mostly in case of tribal patients. Social demographic factors associated with high detection of respiratory pathogens could be responsible for high incidence of respiratory pathogens mostly in tribal population. Till date perhaps no study has been under taken to document the epidemiology of ARI in the state that will facilitate to implement control and prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPV is the major causative agent for cervical cancer. Study on the risk of cervical cancer associated with different hr-HPV genotypes would be useful for disease management and new vaccine strategy. With limited reports available, the present study aimed to investigate the pattern of HPV genotypes coinfections and risk of cervical carcinoma associated with them in Indian population. 15 HPV genotypes were detected by E6/E7 multiplex nested type-specific PCR in the HPV-positive cervical samples of 172 cervical cancer cases and 174 subjects with normal cytology. Association between the genotypes and cervical cancer was estimated by calculating the Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. Risk of cervical carcinoma was associated with multiple genotypes excluding HPV16 (OR:5.87; 95% CI-1.28-26-29; p = .02), multiple genotypes excluding HPV18 (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.09–6.05; p = .03), multiple genotypes of α9 species(OR = 5.3 95% CI = 1.14–24.03; p = .007), and multiple genotypes of α7 species (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = .49–13.45; p = .2). Genotypes not targeted by quadrivalent vaccine types (OR = 2.94 95% CI = 1.48–5.80; p = .001) conferred 2.94 fold higher risk of cervical carcinoma. Cases those coinfected with phylogenetically related genotypes (OR = 2.29; 95% CI(.69–7.59) p = .17) were at 2.9 fold higher risk of invasive cervical carcinoma than those infected with other genotypes although it is not statistically significant. Whereas phylogenetically unrelated genotypes coinfection is negatively associated with cervical carcinoma (OR = .44 95% CI (.244-.8) p = .007) and it is statistically significant.Genotypes not targeted by 9-valent vaccines (OR = .40; 95% CI = .19-.85; p = .017) associated with lesser risk of cervical carcinoma as compared to other genotypes. Subjects infected with any HPV genotype/genotypes excluding HPV16 in association with HPV 18 (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.81–9.25 P = < .001) were at 4.1 fold higher risk of developing invasive cervical carcinoma.In conclusion, the risk of development of cervical cancer is genotype specific and might be associated with type-specific interactions between the genotypes in multiple infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco use among adolescence is one of the important preventable causes of death as well as a leading public health problem all over the world. The present study was conducted with the objective of studying the effect of peer-led interventions on tobacco use among adolescents. Materials and Methods: Twenty schools were randomly selected and ten schools each were identified as cluster for intervention and control groups. A total of 402 students in intervention group and 422 in control group were studied. Results: About 48% and 41% of adolescents were consuming smokeless tobacco in any form in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Prevalence of consumption of smokeless tobacco was significantly high among boys as compared to girls. Pan masala was the most common form of consumption. After conducting A Stop Smoking in School Trial-like peer-led intervention, a significant reduction in tobacco consumption of any form was observed in the intervention group (48%-36%) during the follow-up (Z = 3.2, P < 0.01). A significant reduction in exposure to passive smoking in the intervention group (32%-29%) was also observed. All the students smoking initially had stopped smoking at the end of the follow-up in both the groups. Conclusion: It was found that peer-led intervention was effective in reducing the consumption of smokeless tobacco in any form. The rate of reduction was more in the first follow-up as compared to the end of the intervention. Sustained intervention in the form of retraining is needed for the long-term effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Considering the limited cross protection offered by the current HPV vaccines, understanding the HPV genotype distribution among the different population is essential in predicting the efficacy of current vaccine and devising new vaccine strategy. The present work aimed at investigating the HPV genotypes distribution among women with and without cervical carcinoma in Odisha, Eastern India.Methods: A total of 607 participants have been enrolled between January 2014 and June 2016. L1-PCR, sequencing, and E6/E7 nested multiplex type- specific PCR were performed for HPV detection and genotyping. Cytological distribution of 440 cases includes invasive cervical carcinoma or ICC (n = 210), inflammatory smear (n = 162), normal cytology (n = 68). Statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 20.0 software and MediCal version 14.10.2(7). A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was (359/595) 60.33%. Prevalence of HPV infection was 93.80% (197/210) in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases, 54.32% (88/162) in inflammatory smear and 19.11% (13/68) in normal cervical cytology. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16 (87.28%) followed by HPV18 (24.56%) and HPV 51(3.46%). The overall prevalence of single type was 76.58% and highest (78.9%) among ICC cases. The most frequent genotype combination after HPV16 + 18(9.4%) was HPV16 + 66 + 68(2.7%) which was frequently observed in inflammatory cytology. Age > 45years, parity ≥3, low socio-economic condition, rural residential area and post menopause state were significantly associated with HPV infection. Multiple infections did not have a significant association with any of the clinicopathological variables (stage, LN metastasis, cell type) except tumor size ≥ 2cm in ICC cases. The impact of 2v, 4v, and 9v vaccines in preventing cervical cancer in Odisha were 89.99, 91.65, and 92.16% respectively.Conclusion: This data would help planning an appropriate strategy for disease monitoring and provides baseline data for post-vaccination surveillance in the region. The nonavalent vaccine would be significant in preventing cervical carcinoma in Odisha. Hence an effective vaccination program based on regional HPV epidemiological profile along with the cervical cancer screening is necessary to reduce the cervical cancer burden in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Omentectomy is an essential part of cytoreductive surgery (CRS). However, removal of perigastric arcade (PGA) of the omentum is a controversial aspect of omentectomy in view of the fear of injury, vascular compromise and gastroparesis. Hence, we conducted a study to evaluate the necessity and effect of removal of PGA during omentectomy. Methods: The nature of the study was a prospective observational study. The study period was for 1 year between 1.3.2019 and 29.2.2020. Patients with stage III to IV serous epithelial ovarian cancers - chemo naive/post neoadjuvant chemotherapy, without macroscopic involvement of the PGA were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups - those who had PGA removed (group 1) and those whose PGA was preserved (group 2). Pre, intra and postoperative factors between the two groups were compared using standard statistical methods. Results: Micrometastasis to PGA was present in 36.4% of the patients in group 1. The predictors for this involvement included gross involvement and microscopic involvement of the mobile part of the omentum (p < 0.001), pre surgery Meyer's score (p < 0.05) and requirement of peritonectomy (p < 0.05) during the CRS implying that higher the peritoneal carcinomatosis, more are the chances of microscopic involvement of PGA. On comparing postoperative outcomes between the two groups, we noted a statistically significant difference in intra-operative time (p < 0.01), prolonged recovery time with increased intensive care unit and hospital stay (p < 0.001) in group 1, although all with small absolute difference. However, there was no significant difference in major postoperative complications or time taken to tolerate soft diet. Conclusion: Micrometastasis to PGA was noted in significant number of cases. Its removal is also a safe procedure with minimal morbidity and good postoperative outcomes especially in cases with significant peritoneal carcinomatosis. Hence, it should be considered, provided we are achieving a complete cytoreduction otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recovery of iron values from banded magnetite quartzite (BMQ) ore by direct and reverse flotation technique is presented. In direct flotation, with oleic acid as the collector, the iron grade in the concentrate that could be achieved is limited to 57% Fe from a feed containing ~47% Fe. The difficulty of concentrating iron values by direct flotation technique is due to the fine coating of iron hydroxide over the particles at alkaline pH. In reverse flotation, better selectivity and collectability could be achieved using dodecylamine chloride as the collector. A statistical modeling approach called response surface methodology has been undertaken to optimize the reverse flotation process to maximize the iron grade and recovery. All the experiments have been conducted as per the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) taking collector, frother, depressant and pH as the factors. The program predicted 64.68% Fe with 66.38% recovery at a dodecylamine concentration of 271.88g/T, MIBC: 40g/t, starch: 400g/T and at pH9.5, which is also validated by the experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this work, we present an ultra-dispersion flattened few-mode (UDF-FMF) fiber design that can support ten linearly polarized modes in the C-band. The proposed fiber has an M-type refractive index profile with 13.5% GeO 2 doped original core, and fused silica cladding. A high-index ring is inserted in the cladding, to increase the number of modes with low mode coupling. A trench in the cladding and a depression in the original core are added to manage the chromatic dispersion parameter and to reduce the bending loss. The fiber exhibits non-zero dispersion at 1.55 µm for the fundamental LP 01 mode to satisfy the ITU-G.655 standard and yields a minimum dispersion flatness of ~0.18 ps/nm/km over the C-band for the first time according to our knowledge. The modal characteristics of the UDF M-type FMF have been systematically analyzed through the finite element method-based COMSOL software. The fiber parameters and the dopants concentration are systematically chosen through simulations to guide ten LP modes with large mode separation (max ∆ n eff ≅ 5 × 10 − 3 ), optical loss in the range of 10-10 to 10-12, minimum differential mode delay of 0. 09 ps / m , nonlinear coefficient lower than 2 × 10-3 km−1 W−1, and large effective mode-area of 385 µm2 across the C-band. We believe the proposed fiber design can be a potential contender for new-generation optical communication using mode-division multiplexing. • We propose an ultra-dispersion flattened few-mode fiber with a modified M-type refractive index profile (UDF M-type FMF). • The structure is implemented with a high-index ring in the cladding, to increase the number of modes with weak coupling. • A depression in the original core and a trench in the cladding are added to manage the dispersion and bending loss. • The core is a graded-index profile to equalize the differential mode delay (DMD) parameters among the guided modes. • The proposed fiber is designed to guide 10 LP modes with large effective area and range of Δn eff is 1.5 × 10-3 to 5 × 10-3. • The proposed FMF attains non-zero flattened dispersion for the guided modes and satisfies the ITU G.655 standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Soluble, corn, rice and potato starch have depressing action on hematite. [•] Soluble starch is a better depressant compared to other starches. [•] FTIR, adsorption, zeta potential studies supported starch–hematite interaction. [•] Reverse flotation studies indicated ∼65% Fe with 85% recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The study attempted to identify the prevalence and distribution of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among urban and rural population in Gujarat, India. Using the WHO stepwise approach, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 1,805 urban and 1,684 rural people of 15-64 years age-group. Information on behavioural and physiological risk factors of non-communicable diseases was obtained through standardized protocol. High prevalence of smoking (22.8%) and the use of smokeless tobacco (43.4%) were observed among rural men compared to urban men (smoking-12.8% and smokeless tobacco consumption-23.1%). There was a significant difference in the average consumption of fruits and vegetables between urban (2.18 +/- 1.59 servings) and rural (1.78 +/- 1.48 servings) area. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed to be high among urban men and women in all age-groups compared to rural men and women. Prevalence of behavioural risk factors, overweight, and obesity increased with age in both the areas. Twenty-nine percent of the urban residents and 15.4% of the rural residents were found to have raised blood pressure, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). For both men and women, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, hypertension, and lack of physical activities were significantly higher in the urban population while smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, poor consumption of fruits and vegetables were more prevalent in the rural population. The results highlight the need for interventions and approaches for the prevention of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study attempted to identify the prevalence and distribution of risk factors of non-communicable diseases among urban and rural population in Gujarat, India. Using the WHO stepwise approach, a crosssectional study was carried out among 1,805 urban and 1,684 rural people of 15-64 years age-group. Information on behavioural and physiological risk factors of non-communicable diseases was obtained through standardized protocol. High prevalence of smoking (22.8%) and the use of smokeless tobacco (43.4%) were observed among rural men compared to urban men (smoking-12.8% and smokeless tobacco consumption-23.1%). There was a significant difference in the average consumption of fruits and vegetables between urban (2.18±1.59 servings) and rural (1.78±1.48 servings) area. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed to be high among urban men and women in all age-groups compared to rural men and women. Prevalence of behavioural risk factors, overweight, and obesity increased with age in both the areas. Twenty-nine percent of the urban residents and 15.4% of the rural residents were found to have raised blood pressure, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.01). For both men and women, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, hypertension, and lack of physical activities were significantly higher in the urban population while smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, poor consumption of fruits and vegetables were more prevalent in the rural population. The results highlight the need for interventions and approaches for the prevention of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor formation is a complex process which involves constitutive activation of oncogenes and suppression of tumor suppressor genes. Receptor EphA2 and its ligand ephrin-A1 form an important cell communication system with its functional role in cell-cell interaction and tumor growth. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is central to the cellular transformation and acquisition of metastatic potential. Claudins, the integrated tight junction (TJ) cell-cell adhesion proteins located on the apico-lateral portion of epithelial cells, functions in maintaining cell polarity. There is extensive evidence implicating Eph receptors and ephrins in malignancy, but the mechanisms how these molecular players affect TJ proteins and regulate tumor growth are not clear. In the present study we hypothesized that EphA2 signaling modulates claudin-2 gene expression via induction of cdx-2, a tumor suppressor gene in NSCLC cells. Methods: The expression of EphA2, claudin-2 was determined in various NSCLC cell lines by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The claudin-2 expression was also analyzed by immunofluorescence analysis. EphA2 and erk1/erk2 phosphorylation in ephrin-A1 activated cells was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The cell proliferation and tumor colony formation were determined by WST-1 and 3-D matrigel assays respectively. Results: NSCLC cells over expressed receptor EphA2 and claudin-2. Ephrin-A1 treatment significantly down regulated the claudin-2 and EphA2 expression in NSCLC cells. The transient transfection of cells with vector containing ephrin-A1 construct (pcDNA-EFNA1) decreased the expression of claudin-2, EphA2 when compared to empty vector. In addition ephrin-A1 activation increased cdx-2 expression in A549 cells. In contrast over-expression of EphA2 with plasmid pcDNA-EphA2 up regulated claudin-2 mRNA expression and decreased cdx-2 expression.The transient transfection of cells with vector containing cdx-2 construct (pcMV-cdx-2) decreased the expression of claudin-2 in A549 cells. Moreover, silencing the expression of receptor EphA2 by siRNA significantly reduced claudin-2 expression and decreased cell proliferation and tumor formation. Furthermore, silencing cdx-2 gene expression before ephrin-A1 treatment increased claudin-2 expression along with increased cell proliferation and tumor growth in A549 cells. Conclusions: Our study suggests that EphA2 signaling up-regulates the expression of the TJ-protein claudin-2 that plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation and tumor growth in NSCLC cells. We conclude that receptor EphA2 activation by ephrin-A1 induces tumor suppressor gene cdx-2 expression which attenuates cell proliferation, tumor growth and thus may be a promising therapeutic target against NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive gliosis is a hallmark of many retinal neurodegenerative conditions, including glaucoma. Although a majority of studies to date have concentrated on reactive gliosis in the optic nerve head, very few studies have been initiated to investigate the role of reactive gliosis in the retina. We have previously shown that reactive glial cells synthesize elevated levels of proteases, and these proteases, in turn, promote the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In this investigation, we have used two glial toxins to inhibit reactive gliosis and have evaluated their effect on protease-mediated death of RGCs. Kainic acid was injected into the vitreous humor of C57BL/6 mice to induce reactive gliosis and death of RGCs. C57BL/6 mice were also treated with glial toxins, alpha-aminoadipic acid (AAA) or Neurostatin, along with KA. Reactive gliosis was assessed by immunostaining of retinal cross sections and retinal flat-mounts with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin antibodies. Apoptotic cell death was assessed by TUNEL assays. Loss of RGCs was determined by immunostaining of flat-mounted retinas with Brn3a antibodies. Proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) were assessed by zymography assays. GFAPimmunoreactivity indicated that KA induced reactive gliosis in both retinal astrocytes and in Muller cells. AAA alone or in combination with KA decreased GFAP and vimentin-immunoreactivity in Mller cells, but not in astrocytes. In addition AAA failed to decrease KA-mediated protease levels and apoptotic death of RGCs. In contrast, Neurostatin either alone or in combination with KA, decreased reactive gliosis in both astrocytes and Mller cells. Furthermore, Neurostatin decreased protease levels and prevented apoptotic death of RGCs. Our findings, for the first time, indicate that inhibition of reactive gliosis decreases protease levels in the retina, prevents apoptotic death of retinal neurons, and provides substantial neuroprotection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify the presence of a known or novel mutation/SNP in Exon-1 (ex-1) of alpha crystallin (CRYAA) gene in different types of age-related cataract (ARC) patients. Materials and Methods: Single strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was carried for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ex-1 of alpha crystallin (CRYAA) gene which was confirmed by sequencing. Results: The SSCP analysis of ex-1 of CRYAA gene revealed mobility shift in patients and controls, which was due to G>A transition at 6th position in exon-1 of CRYAA gene. All the three genotypes, GG, AA and GA, were detected in patients and controls indicating that G>A substitution is polymorphic. The analysis showed significant risk for heterozygotes (GA) as compared to pooled frequencies of homozygotes (GG + AA), which was 1.81 times for all the types of cataracts in general and 2.5 times for Nuclear Cataract and twice for Cortical Cataract. Conclusion: The GA heterozygotes were at higher risk for developing NC and CC types of cataracts, where as the GG homozygotes for MT and AA homozygotes for PSC types were at risk. To our knowledge, an association of G>A transition found in ex-1 of CRYAA gene with ARC, with differential risk of genotypes for individual type of cataracts has not been reported previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mechanical support using a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) can lead to functional recovery of the myocardium in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF). Molecular remodeling, cytoskeletal disruption, and apoptosis activation are associated with abnormal gene expression in the failing ventricular myocardium of HF subjects and can normalize in response to medium- and long-term mechanical unloading in adults. However, there is little knowledge of the changes in gene expression after short-term mechanical support in children with HF. Methods: We evaluated left ventricular biopsies from 4 children with HF. The children had implantation of a continuous- or a pulsatile-flow LVAD for 8 to 16 days before undergoing heart transplantation. At the time of LVAD insertion and removal, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) to study the expression of 326 genes encoding for structural, transcriptional, and signaling pathways proteins, and immunoblot analysis on dystrophin and apoptotic factors. Results: Short-term LVAD therapy significantly decreased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels from pre-LVAD (3,584.5 ± 378.3 pg/ml [95% CI]) to post-LVAD (447.5 ± 52.7 pg/ml [95% CI]) in 2 patients in whom comparative BNP measurements were available. In addition, short-term LVAD therapy reduced HF and apoptosis markers, whereas it upregulated structural proteins, including dystrophin, as well as pro-hypertrophic and pro-inotropic markers. Furthermore, LVAD therapy normalized expression of genes involved in calcium homeostasis, cell growth, and differentiation. Conclusions: Our pilot study suggests that even short-term LVAD therapy in children with severe HF can reverse molecular remodeling. This favorable effect should be taken into consideration in eligible children with significant ventricular dysfunction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Age-related cataract (ARC) is a multifactorial disease and the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Genetic predisposition in association with other etiological factors may contribute to ARC. However, gene mutation studies on ARC are scanty. In the present work, we identified a genetic variation (F71L) in the exon-2 of CRYAA (αA-crystallin) gene in three unrelated female sporadic cases among 711 ARC patients but not in 265 normal non-cataractous controls by SSCP and RFLP analysis. By comparing human recombinant wild-type and F71L-αA-crystallin, we characterized the functional significance of this missense mutation. Chromatography, fluorescence and far- and near-UV CD studies indicated that F71L missense mutation did not significantly affect the apparent molecular mass, secondary and tertiary structures and hydrophobicity of αA-crystallin. While the mutant αA-crystallin displayed significant (35–90%) loss of chaperone-like activity (CLA) in thermal aggregation of carbonic anhydrase, βL- and γ-crystallins, it showed moderate (10–50%) loss in CLA in DTT-induced aggregation of insulin and lysozyme. This is the first report of an αA-F71L mutation being associated with ARC and suggests that ARC in individuals carrying this mutation (F71L) might be due to the overall loss of in vivo chaperone activity due to interaction with other environmental factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

neuromancer/Tbx20 (nmr) genes are cardiac T-box transcription factors that are evolutionarily conserved from f lies to humans. Along with other known congenital heart disease genes, including tinmanl Nkx2-5, dorsocross/Tbx5/6, and pannier/Gata4/6, they are important for specification and morphogenesis of the embryonic heart. The Drosophila heart has proven to be an excellent model to study genes involved in establishing and maintaining the structural integrity of the adult heart, as well as genes involved in maintaining physiological function. Using this model, we have identified nmras a gene required in adult fly hearts for the maintenance of both normal myofibrillar architecture and cardiac physiology. Moreover, we have discovered synergistic interactions between nmr and other cardiac transcription factors, including tinman/Nkx2-5, in regulating cardiac performance, rhythmicity, and cardiomyocyte structure, reminiscent of similar interactions in mice. This suggests a remarkably conserved role for this network of cardiac transcription factors in the genetic control of the adult heart. In addition, nmr-tinman interactions also influence the expression of potential downstream effectors, such as ion channels. Interestingly, genetic screening of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease has revealed TBX20 variants in three sporadic and two familial cases that were not found in controls. These findings suggest that the fly heart might serve as an identifier of candidate genes involved in human heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PROBLEM: It has been well documented that antisperm antibodies can be causative factors for infertility. In this report we have identified a protein on human sperm referred as human sperm-associated protein (HSAP) using serum of an immunoinfertile woman; it is thus a sperm-specific protein - a candidate molecule for control of fertility. METHOD OF STUDY: An immunoinfertile woman serum showing head-head sperm agglutination and acrosomal localization, reacted with human sperm protein of apparent molecular weight of 48 kDa on Western blot. Anti-48 kDa antiserum was raised in rabbit by eluting 48 kDa protein and was used to screen the human testis cDNA expression library. A putative positive hsap cDNA clone was obtained, sequenced and subjected to tissue specificities studies by Northern blotting. The cell type-specific expression was done using in situ RNA hybridization studies. To obtain recombinant HSAP (r-HSAP), hsap cDNA was cloned in pET 22b(+) expression vector. r-HSAP was expressed as polyhistidine fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified. Rabbits were immunized with the purified r-HSAP, which led to generation of antibodies. In order to evaluate in vitro immunocontraceptive potential, the anti-r-HSAP antibodies were characterized by agglutination assay, zona-free hamster egg penetration assay, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay, and by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: We have cloned a human testis gene encoding a protein (HSAP)of 328 amino acids. Antibodies against the purified recombinant protein specifically recognized approximately 40 kDa r-HSAP, and a cognate 48 kDa protein band in human sperm extract in Western blot procedure. The anti-r-HSAP antibodies localized acrosomal compartment, inhibited sperm binding/attachment in zona-free hamster penetration assay and revealed surface binding with human live sperm by flow cytometry. The cDNA sequence has been submitted to EMBL... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: ObjectivesWe evaluated the role of Cypher/ZASP in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with or without isolated non-compaction of the left ventricular myocardium (INLVM).: BackgroundDilated cardiomyopathy, characterized by left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction with signs of heart failure, is genetically transmitted in 30% to 40% of cases. Genetic heterogeneity has been identified with mutations in multiple cytoskeletal and sarcomeric genes causing the phenotype. In addition, INLVM with a hypertrophic dilated left ventricle, ventricular dysfunction, and deep trabeculations, is also inherited, and the genes identified to date differ from those causing DCM. Cypher/ZASP is a newly identified gene encoding a protein that is a component of the Z-line in both skeletal and cardiac muscle.: MethodsDiagnosis of DCM was performed by echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and physical examination. In addition, levels of the muscular isoform of creatine kinase were measured to evaluate for skeletal muscle involvement. Cypher/ZASP was screened by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and direct deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing.: ResultsWe identified and screened 100 probands with left ventricular dysfunction. Five mutations in six probands (6% of cases) were identified in patients with familial or sporadic DCM or INLVM. In vitro studies showed cytoskeleton disarray in cells transfected with mutated Cypher/ZASP.: ConclusionsThese data suggest that mutated Cypher/ZASP can cause DCM and INLVM and identify a mechanistic basis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Two genes have been identified for the X-linked forms (dystrophin and tafazzin), while mutations in multiple genes cause autosomal dominant DCM. Muscle LIM protein (MLP) is a member of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) family and has been implicated in both myogenesis and sarcomere assembly. In the latter role, it binds zyxin and α-actinin, both of which are involved in actin organization. An MLP-deficient mouse has been described; these mice develop dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Based upon these data, and the recent descriptions of mutations in MLP in patients with DCM or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we screened patients for mutations in the MLP and α-actinin-2 genes. We identified a patient with DCM and EFE, having a mutation in MLP with the residue lysine 69 substituted by arginine (K69R). This is within a highly conserved region adjacent to the first LIM domain involved in α-actinin binding. Analysis in cell culture systems demonstrated that the mutation abolishes the interaction between MLP and α-actinin-2 and the cellular localization of MLP was altered. In another individual with DCM, a W4R mutation was identified. However, this mutation did not segregate with disease in this family. In another patient with DCM, a Q9R mutation was identified in α-actinin-2. This mutation also disrupted the interaction with MLP and appeared to inhibit α-actinin function in cultured cells, in respect to the nuclear localization of actinin and the initiation of cellular differentiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The transition nuclear proteins (TPs) constitute 90% of the chromatin basic proteins during the steps of spermiogenesis between histone removal and the deposition of the protamines. We first summarize the properties of the two major transition nuclear proteins, TP1 and TP2, and present concepts, based on their time of appearance in vivo and in vitro properties, regarding their roles. Distinct roles for the two TPs in histone displacement, sperm nuclear shaping, chromatin condensation, and maintenance of DNA integrity have been proposed. More definitive information on their roles in spermiogenesis has recently been obtained using mice with null mutations in the Tnp1 or Tnp2 genes for TP1 and TP2, respectively. In these mice, histone displacement and sperm nuclear shaping appear to progress quite normally. Spermatid nuclear condensation occurs, albeit in an abnormal fashion, and the mature sperm of the Tnp -null mutants are not as condensed as wild-type sperm. There is also evidence that sperm from these mutant mice contain an elevated level of DNA strand breaks. The mutant sperm showed several unexpected phenotypes, including a high incidence of configurational defects, such as heads bent back on midpieces, midpieces in hairpin configurations, coils, and clumps, other midpiece defects, reduced levels of proteolytic processing of protamine 2 during maturation, and reduced motility. The two TPs appear partly to compensate for each other as both Tnp1 - and Tnp2 -null mice were able to produce offspring, and appear to have largely overlapping functions as the two mutants had similar phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that the synthesis of di‐BCP between amino acid l‐glutamic acid (l‐GluA) and hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) leads to multifunctional and multifaceted capsule formation with different dispersion solvents. Successful synthesis of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] was confirmed by using FTIR and 1H NMR characterizations. For morphological studies, synthesized di‐BCP of [(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] was dispersed in four different solvents such as acetone, DMSO, IPA, and ethanol and was used for sample preparation for SEM imaging. Interestingly, smooth‐surfaced NPs (defined as type I NPs), rough‐surfaced NPs (type II NPs), porous NPs (type III NPs), and football‐type deep excavation having NPs (defined as type IV NPs). Furthermore, these NPs were characterized through BET, AFM, and DLS for particle size and ζ potential of NPs. LC for types III and IV NPs was calculated to be 1.96% ± 0.01% and 1.92% ± 0.01%, respectively. EE of types III and IV NPs was calculated to be 91% ± 1.5% and 94% ± 1.2%. We used K562 (leukemia blood cancer) and HEK293 (embryonic kidney) cells for in vitro studies. DOX@[(l‐GluA)‐b‐(PCL)] nanoformulation related to types III and IV NPs shows significant early apoptosis that is, 29.17%, which is a remarkable programmed cell death for these porous nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peristaltic transport of a Casson fluid in a vertical permeable channel with suction and injection by Galerkin method is studied. The mathematical modeling is realized with an approximation of the extended wave length and a low Reynolds number. The mathematical solution is obtained for the velocity field, pressure gradient, frictional force within the reference wave system over one wavelength. The results of various parameters on pressure rise characteristics and frictional forces are discussed graphically. It is observed that the pressure rise decreases because the slip parameters and suction/injection parameter increases and increases because the amplitude increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most effective DOTS provider will be the one who is accessible, acceptable to the patient, and accountable to the health system. Objectives: The objective was to assess the effectiveness of the different types of DOTS providers functioning under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients, treated under RNTCP during September to December 2004, were selected for the study. Results: A total of 105 and 95 patients were under the supervision of tuberculosis health visitors (TBHVs) and non-TBHVs, respectively. During the intensive phase, around 95% of the patients took the medicine under the direct observation in both the groups. Supervision of the first dose of treatment in a week during the continuation phase was significantly better with the TBHV (94.74%) as compared to the non-TBHV (79.31%). However, there was no significant difference in the cure and the completed rate which was 76.19% with the TBHV and 86.13% with the non-TBHV. Conclusion: The available community workforce could be involved in supervising the intermittent short course chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on an investigation about jaundice cases in Dakor Town in India. According to the author, research team has visited community health centers (CHC) and hospitals to examine the admitted patients. It says that rapid increase in the number of jaundice cases have implied epidemic of hepatitis.

Background: India Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2019 observed that 8.5% of the young age group (13-15 years) consume tobacco (9.6 % are boys and 7.4 % are girls). No interventional studies among adolescents were conducted before the initiation of the SLT use. Aims & Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of consumption of tobacco and non-tobacco products and to provide school based interventions to bring behavioral changes. Materials and Methods: An interventional study was carried out in Primary Schools. For estimation of the prevalence of tobacco and non tobacco use all the students of 1st to 5th while for the interventions, 4th and 5th standard were selected. Baseline data and change in the behavior at the end of one year was collected. FGD with key informants were also conducted. Descriptive Statistics was conducted. Results: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption and non-tobacco product was found to be 1.3% and 36.5% respectively. After intervention 40.5% students had quit non tobacco products. Findings of FGD suggested that children should not be sent to purchase tobacco products on behalf of their parents. Conclusion: School based intervention and sensitization of the field workers along with knowing their perceptions for the predictors of consumption could be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The delay in transportation of necessary items is due to traffic congestion throughout the world. This is a serious phenomenon which results in waste of time and fuel. The detection of road conditions and dissemination of traffic information efficiently and effectively is a big challenge to authorities. Recently, the technologies of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been utilized and become an important part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS). For this existing problem, vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) communication provides a means for cooperation and route management in transport networks. This paper proposed a novel congestion detection system based on the combination of k‐means clustering and analytical hierarchy process. In the simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) simulator, a transport network is created and parameters of vehicles facing congestion are taken to extract the key parameter by using the k‐means clustering technique and mathematical mean algorithm. This parameter is utilized in analytical hierarchy process to detect the highest priorities parameter and based on that the congestion is detected in particular lane. The result can be a better technique for congestion detection as it requires low installation cost and can be incorporate in vehicles for congestion avoidance which will alternatively improve the traffic flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Facility in graphics use is critical to accessing data visualizations in science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) content areas. Efforts to understand the cognitive processes underlying strategic action by students with visual impairments must consider both metacognition and self-regulated learning. Methods: Think-aloud transcripts were analyzed using a priori level one coding based on the Model of Graphic Interpretation (MoGI) followed by second-level coding to analyze nuanced commonalities and differences based on performance, medium, and level. Results: Differences in each component of the MoGI were found for print graphic and tactile graphic users, particularly based on performance and level. Higher performers were better able to articulate strategy use and reasons for selecting strategies. Discussion: Findings coincide with quantitative findings of the participants (see Zebehazy & Wilton, 2021). Transcripts provided additional confirming evidence of the interdependence of MoGI components. Implications for Practitioners: Use of think aloud can support assessment and instruction of students with visual impairments to build strategic action and metacognition when engaging with graphics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common gynaecologic cancers and remains the leading cause of death as the patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage of the disease. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a promoter of angiogenesis, participates in multiple mechanisms to promote ovarian cancer cell growth, angiopoiesis and distant metastasis. So, it is a promising target for antiangiogenic therapy in management and downstaging of ovarian cancer. Aim: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in different surface epithelial neoplasms of ovary and compare it with histological type, grade and stage in malignant cases. Materials and Method: This was an observational crosssectional study conducted from August 2018 to January 2020. Total 50 consecutive cases of surface epithelial ovarian neoplasms received in Pathology Department of Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack were examined for expression of VEGF by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data was examined to find association of VEGF expression with demographic profile, grade, stage and were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Statistical significance was tested by using Pearson’s chisquare test. The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 50 cases of ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms of different types and grade were included in the study. A 42 of the 50 cases (84%) showed VEGF expression. Out of the 42 positive cases, 18 were high VEGF expressors and 24 were low VEGF expressors. VEGF expression was significantly higher in carcinomas as compared to benign and borderline neoplasms and also in high grade malignancies in comparison to low grade (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that the differential expression of VEGF in different ovarian epithelial neoplasms which can be a diagnostic and prognostic tool and can be applied as a VEGF targeted therapy in certain group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The environmental reservoirs of different serogroups of Vibrio cholerae causing cholera in the flowing freshwater bodies of the tribal areas of Odisha are not known. So the present study was conducted from June 2017 to March 2020 to find out the environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae serogroups in the water and plankton samples collected from the river, nala, stream and chua from Rayagada district. Similarly, rectal swabs were collected from diarrhoea patients and correlation was established among the V. cholerae strains isolated from diarrhoea patients and environmental V. cholerae isolates through routine culture, different multiplex PCR assays and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis using standard techniques. The multiplex PCR assays on biotypes and different toxic genes exhibited similar correlation between the clinical and water isolates, which was further strengthened by PFGE analysis. The planktonic DNA was positive for ctxA gene which established that the environmental water bodies were the reservoirs for virulence genes of V. cholerae serogroups. The detection of environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae serogroups in temporarily stagnant condition of water; partially encircled by stones, and near the bank of the river, nala and stream were the reservoirs which is a rare report from Odisha, India and Globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS) is a life threatening infection inspite of aggressive multimodal therapy which includes extensive surgical debridement of nose and paranasal sinuses, orbital exenteration, and antifungal therapy. The most commonly observed fungi are Aspergillus and Mucor. Because of the increase in AIFRS in post-COVID-19 patients after the second wave, the present study is based on a comparison of intraoperative frozen sections with standard conventional histopathology to assess the sensitivity and specificity of frozen sections and to standardize the technique to aid in the diagnosis of fungal sinusitis. AIFRS needs aggressive and extensive, sometimes disfiguring surgical debridement followed by chemotherapy with toxic fungal drugs to save the patient's life. Hence, an early accurate diagnosis is highly useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The significant association of GATA4 synonymous and intronic variants in congenital heart disease was observed. • The comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of synonymous variants predicted decreased mRNA stability. • Synonymous variants were also predicted to alter the protein expression due to variability in usage of codon and an aberrant splicing. • The usefulness of computational methods was established to uphold the non-neutral behaviour of synonymous variants. Abstract Synonymous variations, previously considered as neutral, are recently shown to have a significant impact on mRNA structure and stability thereby affecting protein expression and function. Their role in disease pathogenesis is also emerging. GATA4 is an important transcription factor involved in cardiac development and a well-known candidate gene associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). In the present study, we sought to conduct molecular screening of GATA4 gene in 285 sporadic and non-syndromic CHD cases. We identified four synonymous (c.27C>A, c.822C>T, c.1233G>A and c.1263C>T) and two intronic variants (g.83217T>G & g.85012T>A) in GATA4. Extensive computational analysis using widely acceptable tools i.e. , Mfold, Human Splicing Finder (HSF) and Codon Usage bias was performed with a view to understand their putative downstream effects on GATA4 function. Mfold, a mRNA structure prediction tool showed the alterations of the mRNA structure and stability due to synonymous variants. Similarly, HSF also confidently predicted effect on the cis-acting regulatory elements of splicing due to four synonymous and one donor site intronic variants. Additionally, a significant change in 'Relative Synonymous Codon usage (RSCU) frequencies' and 'log ratio of codon usage frequencies' of variant codon was also noted that might affect the rate of translation. This study establishes that the synonymous variants are possibly associated with disease phenotype in CHD patients. Comprehensive computational analysis, using well-established web based tools, is suggestive of their potential downstream molecular effects on the structure, stability and expression of GATA4 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The aim is to study the bottlenecks and factors affecting the implementation of Chiranjeevi Yojna (CY) in Ahmedabad district. SETTING AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six blocks of Ahmedabad district from April 2010 to June 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted detail interview of 50 beneficiaries of CY, 50 nonbeneficiaries of CY, 24 health workers and 13 doctors with pretested questionnaires after taking informed verbal consent. Data entry and analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info 3.5.1 software package. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Percentages, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon matched - pair test were used. RESULTS: In more than 80% of the cases, place of delivery was decided by mother in law and husband, in both groups. It was seen that main motivator to join the scheme were Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers in 86% of the beneficiaries. In this study, beneficiaries were started antenatal visit early and taken more antenatal visits as compared to nonbeneficiaries and the difference is statistically significant. In this study, most of the beneficiaries were satisfied with the service but unsatisfied with the payment modalities. Very few beneficiaries have received cash assistance, and full payment (Rs. 200 + Rs. 50) was only given in around 10.53% of cases. CONCLUSION: ANMs and ASHAs have been found effective in building awareness and guiding the clients to utilize the services. The level of education and awareness about CY was very low among the beneficiaries and nonbeneficiaries. Satisfaction with the service among client was quite good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a wide range of phosphor materials with varying color characteristics in the green, yellow, orange, and red regions based on Sr 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 matrix and different compositions of Eu3+ & Tb3+ ions. The site-selective Tb3+→Eu3+ energy-transfer dynamics found to play a great role for such tunable color characteristics. DFT based calculations were performed to understand the preference of lattice-site occupancy of the two dopant ions, which suggested that while Eu3+ ion prefers both Sr1 & Sr2 sites; Tb3+ only prefers Sr1 site. The site selective distribution has immediate impact on the photoluminescence lifetime values, wherein two different components were observed for both the dopant ions. In case of Eu3+ ion, the short-lived lifetime component of Eu3+ ion is originated when it is placed at Sr1 site and the long-lived component at Sr2 site, which has F-atom in its coordination and provides extra stability to the excited state at Sr2 site. However, for Tb3+ ion, the two lifetime components are explained based on the energy-transfer probability. The site-selective luminescence of Eu3+ & Tb3+ ions was found to play the key role while developing colour tuneable phosphor materials. A wide range of phiosphors with color characteristics in green, yellow, orange, and red regions based on Sr 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 matrix have been developed by using a variety of dopant ion's compositions and exploiting site-selective Tb3+→Eu3+ energy-transfer dynamics. [Display omitted] • Sr 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 doped with various composition of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions helped to develop different phosphors. • Energy-transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ ion is responsbile for tunable color characteristics. • DFT based calculations suggested different lattice distribution of Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myxomas can be found in heart, skin, sub-cutaneous tissue, and centrally in the bone but are rare in the oral cavity. Fibromyxoma (FM), the locally invasive benign tumor of the jaw, though rare in the general population, occurs with excessive frequency among young female patients. The tumor develops from the ecto-mesenchymal portion of the tooth germ and shows an inactive effect of nests of odontogenic epithelium on mesenchymal tissue or as a direct myxomatous change in fibrous tissue; hence, it is also called as odontogenic myxoma. The tumor usually occurs in the posterior mandible and constitutes around 3-6% of all odontogenic tumors. Clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical investigations play an important role in the accurate diagnosis of FM. A complete surgical excision with long term follow-up is essential for successful management. This clinical study emphasizes the unusual variations in presentation of FM of the jaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To implement a community-based screening and awareness-raising project for gestational diabetes in Ahmedabad, India. Methods The project took place between April 2016 and August 2019 in Ahmedabad. Medical college faculty members and medical officers trained 3582 paramedical staff on screening for gestational diabetes. These paramedical staff tested all pregnant women 24-28 weeks gestation, who were attending village health and nutrition days -- also called mamta days -- in urban and rural health centres for routine antenatal care, for gestational diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test was used and blood sugar ≥ 7.8 mmol/L was the cut-off for gestational diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes were referred for counselling and treatment and all women were followed until 6 weeks after delivery. Findings Of 53 522 pregnant women screened, 6786 (12.7%) had gestational diabetes and were referred for nutritional therapy or medication; 836 (12.3%) of these women started medication. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of stillbirths between women with gestational diabetes (0.8%; 54/6786) and women without (0.7%; 338/46 736; P-value: 0.51). Of the women on treatment, 38 had abnormal blood glucose after delivery and continued with the medication. Two women with gestational diabetes died; they had other associated co-morbidities -- pre-eclampsia and anaemia. Conclusion We found a high prevalence of gestational diabetes, indicating the need for gestational diabetes screening and implementation of this project on a larger scale. Gestational diabetes screening at the community level is operationally feasible using the existing human resources and infrastructure of the reproductive health programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The genome of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains has undergone cryptic changes since its first emergence in 1992 in South India. This study aimed to determine the presence of genotypic changes marked in ctxB, tcpA and rstR genes located within the CTX prophages among the strains of V. cholerae O139 isolated from 1999 to 2017 in Odisha. Antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted on 59 V. cholerae O139 strains. A conventional PCR assay was done for ctxB gene typing followed by sequencing along with identification of rstR and tcpA gene. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was carried out to reveal clonal variations among the V. cholerae O139 strains. Among V. cholerae O139 isolates more than 60% showed resistance to ampicillin, co‐trimoxazole, furazolidone, streptomycin, neomycin and nalidixic acid. The ctxB sequencing and rstR allele‐specific PCR assay revealed the presence of three genotypes 1, 3 and 4 with at least one copy of CTX Calc φ in addition to CTX ET and CTX Cl prophages in V. cholerae O139 isolates. PFGE analysis revealed 13 pulsotypes with two clades having 60% similarity among V. cholerae O139 strains. The circulating V. cholerae O139 strains in Odisha showed variation in genotypes with multiple clonal expansions over the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fluticasone propionate (FP) and Salmeterol (SAL) are commonly used in combination therapy for patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical studies show that FP/SAL used in combination therapy was found to inhibit airway inflammation in COPD patients. However, the mechanisms associated with FP/SAL induced anti-inflammatory effects were not clear. We have evaluated the effect of FP/SAL and tobacco smoke (TS) on SOCS-3 and interleukine-6 expression in bronchial airway epithelial cells (BAEpCs). Human BAEpCs were exposed to TS and subsequently treated with FP or SAL alone or in combinations in the presence and absence of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors for either Erk1/Erk2, or p38 or PI3 kinase. In BAEpCs, TS induced IL-6 expression via ERK1/ERK2 MAPK pathway and FP/SAL inhibited TS mediated IL-6 expression. TS down regulated the SOCS-3 expression via activation of Erk1/Erk2, and p38 MAPK signaling. When TS exposed BAEpCs were treated with FP/SAL SOCS-3 expression was restored. FP/SAL combinations induced significantly higher expression of SOCS-3 in BAEpCs when compared to individual drug. Pretreatment with Ly294002 a PI3 MAPK inhibitor significantly attenuated FP/SAL induced SOCS-3 expression in BAEpCs. Furthermore, FP/SAL blunted TS induced phosphorylation of Erk1/Erk2 and p38 MAPK in BAEpCs. Our study suggests that TS inhibits SOCS-3, combination of FP/SAL has a profound synergistic effect on SOCS-3 induction in BAEpCs and it is dependent on PI3 kinase signaling pathway. SOCS-3 may represent a potential biomarker for understanding the efficacy and a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of FP/SAL combination therapy in the treatment of COPD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A combined photoluminescence (PL) and theoretical study has been performed on Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 :U6+ and Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 :U6+,Eu3+ compounds in order to explore Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 as potential host for radioactive waste immobilization by understanding the distribution U6+, Eu3+ and Am3+ ions among the lattice sites and the related radiation stability. DFT based calculations on various structures with different distribution of U6+, Eu3+ and Am3+ ions showed that Eu3+ and Am3+ ions prefer to occupy the Ca2 sites while the highly charged U6+ ions prefer Ca1 site. This is also supported by the PL lifetime study, which provided two lifetime components with different contribution for both U6+ and Eu3+ ions present at two different lattice sites. The PL study of U6+ doped compounds confirmed the existence of U in the UO 2 2+ form, which makes it as a pure green emitter. Upon co-doping Eu3+ ion, the compounds were transformed to red emitter. Further, there is an energy transfer process from U6+to Eu3+, which shifted the CIE color coordinates towards pure red region while increasing doping level of U6+. This proves U6+ as a good sensitizer for Eu3+ ion. PL study on gamma irradiated U6+ doped Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 compound also showed excellent radiation stability at Ca2 site. [Display omitted] • Distribution of U6+, Eu3+ /Am3+ in Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 F 2 was investigated for radioactive waste immobilization. • Distributions of U6+ and Eu3+ /Am3+ among the lattice sites were different. • Energy transfer from U6+→ Eu3+ ion was responsible for tunable emission characteristic of Eu3+ ion. • Experimental results were supported by theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 disease and death have been widely reported across several studies. Knowledge about the determinants of severe disease and mortality in the Indian context can guide early clinical management. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case control study across nine sites in India to identify the determinants of severe and critical COVID-19 disease. Findings: We identified age above 60 years, duration before admission >5 days, chronic kidney disease, leucocytosis, prothrombin time > 14 sec, serum ferritin >250 ng/mL, d-dimer >0.5 ng/mL, pro-calcitonin >0.15 μg/L, fibrin degradation products >5 μg/mL, C-reactive protein >5 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase >150 U/L, interleukin-6 >25 pg/mL, NLR ≥3, and deranged liver function, renal function and serum electrolytes as significant factors associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Interpretation: We have identified a set of parameters that can help in characterising severe COVID-19 cases in India. These parameters are part of routinely available investigations within Indian hospital settings, both public and private. Study findings have the potential to inform clinical management protocols and identify patients at high risk of severe outcomes at an early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children signify eternal optimism in the human being and provide potential for the development. Every nation whether developed or developing, links its future with the status of child. An understanding of the physical, social and behavioral factors is conducive to assess the current situation and vulnerability of any child. To ensure the utmost level of health and safety of a child, we need to have an insight of the violation of child rights. We conducted this study to assess and measure the breaches in child rights. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 children between 10 to 18 years of age in one of the field practice areas of Community Medicine department, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Results: More than 90% of the children were born in the hospital settings, fully vaccinated and living with their parents. Of these, 60% of the children reported to have some kind of illness in the past one year, and majority of them approached healthcare facility for that the treatment. Of these, 26% of them had low birth weight (LBW) and 68% had body mass index (BMI) <18.5. About 93% of the children were enrolled in either government or private school and out of them, 54% complained of the burden of either homework or tuition. Of these, 6.5% children were school dropouts and all of them were girls; 4% of them were child labors. Conclusion: The study indicated positive findings in the areas of child survival, development and to some extent, in the domain of right to participation, though there were poor environmental conditions and recreational activities. Prevalence of malnutrition and child labor was also high. Study results highlighted the need for adequate services in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of silver for different purposes was extending from the beginning of human civilization, but the fabrication of silver into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been invented recently. At present, the biosynthesis of AgNPs is one of the most active areas in the field of nanoscience and research. In this study an eco-friendly, cost-effective and green synthesis method of AgNPs was described from Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC seed coat extract. After synthesis, the existence of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis. spectrophotometry, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The antibacterial property was evaluated against four pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. In order to carry out a cytotoxicity assay, the A549 cell line was used for MTT assay. The UV spectral analysis revealed a maximum absorbance peak at 426 nm, confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The spherical and polydispersed nature of AgNPs was confirmed with AFM, TEM and SEM analysis and the size obtained in the range of 10 nm to 68 nm. FTIR study confirmed the presence of proteins on the surfaces of AgNPs. The evaluation through antimicrobial studies revealed AgNPs effectiveness against all the pathogenic bacteria; finally, MTT assay revealed that synthesized AgNPs have good anticancer activity against A549 Lung cancer cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]