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Dropping out of college is often linked to insufficient academic or psychosocial readiness. Therefore, assessing students' readiness, preferably before they begin their first year of college, may help identify those at risk of dropping out. The present study aimed to develop and test a multidimensional measure that assesses psychosocial factors promoting student persistence. The Psychosocial Readiness for College questionnaire (PRCq) aims to assess the readiness of students who have deferred entering college to their twenties and comprises six dimensions: Academic Self-Efficacy, Educational Commitment, Social Comfort, Campus Engagement, Self-Discipline, and Resilience. The PRCq was administered to five cohorts of first-year college students in Israel (N = 7,382). The PRCq demonstrated good psychometric properties, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported its six dimensions. The PRCq demonstrated measurement invariance across age, gender, SES, first vs. non-first-generation students, and institution type. The PRCq's construct validity was supported by the negligible associations between the scale scores and high-school GPA and pre-college scholastic aptitude test, and the pattern of associations with the Big-5 personality factors. The PRCq's predictive validity was supported by the student dropout rate after one year. Implications for students at risk of dropping out and interventions to decrease this risk are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the matrix quantum mechanics of two free hermitian N × N matrices subject to a singlet constraint in the microcanonical ensemble. This is the simplest example of a theory that at large N has a confinement/deconfinement transition. In the microcanonical ensemble, it also exhibits partial deconfinement with a Hagedorn density of states. We argue that the entropy of these configurations, based on a combinatorial counting of Young diagrams, are dominated by Young diagrams that have the VKLS shape. When the shape gets to the maximal depth allowed for a Young diagram of SU(N), namely N, we argue that the system stops exhibiting the Hagedorn behavior. The number of boxes (energy) at the transition is N2/4, independent of the charge of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the Feynman propagator of free scalar fields in AdS3 with a conical defect. In the bulk, the defect is represented by a massive particle; in the dual CFT, it is a heavy operator that creates a highly excited state. We construct the propagator by solving the bulk equation of motion in the defect geometry, summing over the modes of the field, and passing to the boundary. The result agrees with a calculation based on the method of images in AdS3/ℤN, where it is also a sum over geodesic lengths. On the boundary, the propagator becomes a semiclassical heavy-light four-point function. We interpret the field modes as double-twist primary states formed by excitations of the scalar on top of the defect, and we check that the correlator is crossing-symmetric by matching its singular behavior to that of the semiclassical Virasoro vacuum block. We also argue that long-range correlations in conical AdS are “thermally” suppressed as the defect becomes more massive by studying the critical behavior of a continuous phase transition in the correlator at the BTZ threshold. Finally, we apply our results to holographic entanglement entropy by exploiting an analogy between free scalars and replica twist fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct (p, q) string junction solutions suspended between both sphere and AdS giant gravitons in AdS5 × S5. Our results extend easily to more general half BPS geometries of LLM type. These carry angular momentum in the directions of the worldvolume of the giant gravitons. We argue that these are charged under a central extension of the supersymmetry algebra similar to the one that has appeared in the works of Beisert for the N = 4 spin chain. We also argue that they are BPS with respect to this central extension. We show that apart from some kinematical details, the junctions end up solving the same minimization problem that appears in the Coulomb branch of N = 4 SYM. Their mass and shape is independent of the angular momentum Q that the junction carries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce the symplectic group Sp 2 (A , σ) over a noncommutative algebra A with an anti-involution σ . We realize several classical Lie groups as Sp 2 over various noncommutative algebras, which provides new insights into their structure theory. We construct several geometric spaces, on which the groups Sp 2 (A , σ) act. We introduce the space of isotropic A-lines, which generalizes the projective line. We describe the action of Sp 2 (A , σ) on isotropic A-lines, generalize the Kashiwara-Maslov index of triples and the cross ratio of quadruples of isotropic A-lines as invariants of this action. When the algebra A is Hermitian or the complexification of a Hermitian algebra, we introduce the symmetric space X Sp 2 (A , σ) , and construct different models of this space. Applying this to classical Hermitian Lie groups of tube type (realized as Sp 2 (A , σ) ) and their complexifications, we obtain different models of the symmetric space as noncommutative generalizations of models of the hyperbolic plane and of the three-dimensional hyperbolic space. We also provide a partial classification of Hermitian algebras in Appendix A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test the bootstrap approach for determining the spectrum of one dimensional Hamiltonians. In this paper we focus on problems that have a two parameter search space in the bootstrap approach: the double well and a periodic potential associated with the Mathieu equation. For the double well, we compare the bootstrapped energies with contributions from perturbative and non-perturbative results, finding good agreement. For the periodic potentials, we notice that the bootstrap approach gives the band structure of the periodic potential, but it has trouble finding the quasi-momentum of the system. To make further progress on determining the dispersion relation of the bands, new techniques are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study expansions of a vector space V over a field F , possibly with extra structure, with a generic submodule over a subring of F. We construct a natural expansion by existentially defined functions so that the expansion in the extended language satisfies quantifier elimination. We show that this expansion preserves tame model theoretic properties such as stability, NIP, NTP 1 , NTP 2 and NSOP 1. We also study induced independence relations in the expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study definable groups in dense/codense expansions of geometric theories with a new predicate P such as lovely pairs and expansions of fields by groups with the Mann property. We show that in such expansions, large (in the sense of dimension over the predicate) definable subgroups (the new language) of groups definable in the original language L are also L -definable, and definably amenable L -definable groups remain amenable in the expansion. We also show that if the underlying geometric theory is NIP, and G is a group definable in a model of T, then the (type-definable) connected component G L P 00 of G in the expansion agrees with the connected component G 00 in the original language. We prove similar preservation results for G ∩ P (M) n , the P-part of G in a lovely pair (M, P), and for subgroups of G in pairs (R, G) where R is a real closed field and G is a subgroup of R > 0 or the unit circle S (R) with the Mann property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study randomizations of definable groups. Whenever the underlying theory is stable or NIP and the group is definably amenable, we show its randomization is definably connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study real-time classical matrix mechanics of a simplified 2 × 2 matrix model inspired by the black hole evaporation problem. This is a step towards making a quantitative model of real-time evaporation of a black hole, which is realized as a bound state of D0-branes in string theory. The model we study is the reduction of Yang–Mills in 2 + 1 dimension to 0 + 1 dimensions, which has been corrected with an additional potential that can be interpreted as a zero-point energy for fermions. Our goal is to understand the lifetime of such a classical bound state object in the classical regime. To do so, we pay particular attention to when D -particles separate to check that the "off-diagonal modes" of the matrices become adiabatic and use that information to improve on existing models of evaporation. It turns out that the naive expectation value of the lifetime with the fermionic correction is infinite. This is a logarithmic divergence that arises from very large excursions in the separation between the branes near the threshold for classical evaporation. The adiabatic behavior lets us get some analytic control of the dynamics in this regime to get this estimate. This divergence is cutoff in the quantum theory due to quantization of the adiabatic parameter, resulting in a long lifetime of the bound state, with a parametric dependence of order log (1 / ℏ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a connected semisimple Lie group. There are two natural duality constructions that assign to G: its Langlands dual group G ∨ , and its Poisson–Lie dual group G ∗ , respectively. The main result of this paper is the following relation between these two objects: the integral cone defined by the cluster structure and the Berenstein–Kazhdan potential on the double Bruhat cell G ∨ ; w 0 , e ⊂ G ∨ is isomorphic to the integral Bohr–Sommerfeld cone defined by the Poisson structure on the partial tropicalization of K ∗ ⊂ G ∗ (the Poisson–Lie dual of the compact form K ⊂ G ). By Berenstein and Kazhdan (in: Contemporary mathematics, vol. 433. American Mathematical Society, Providence, pp 13–88, 2007), the first cone parametrizes the canonical bases of irreducible G-modules. The corresponding points in the second cone belong to integral symplectic leaves of the partial tropicalization labeled by the highest weight of the representation. As a by-product of our construction, we show that symplectic volumes of generic symplectic leaves in the partial tropicalization of K ∗ are equal to symplectic volumes of the corresponding coadjoint orbits in Lie (K) ∗ . To achieve these goals, we make use of (Langlands dual) double cluster varieties defined by Fock and Goncharov (Ann Sci Ec Norm Supér (4) 42(6):865–930, 2009). These are pairs of cluster varieties whose seed matrices are transpose to each other. There is a naturally defined isomorphism between their tropicalizations. The isomorphism between the cones described above is a particular instance of such an isomorphism associated to the double Bruhat cells G w 0 , e ⊂ G and G ∨ ; w 0 , e ⊂ G ∨ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the emergence of spatiotemporal chaos from mixed-mode oscillations, by using an extended Oregonator model. We show that bursting dynamics consisting of fast/slow mixed mode oscillations along a single attractor can lead to spatiotemporal chaotic dynamics, although the spatially homogeneous solution is itself non-chaotic. This behavior is observed far from the Hopf bifurcation and takes the form of a spatiotemporal intermittency where the system locally alternates between the fast and the slow phases of the mixed mode oscillations. We expect this form of spatiotemporal chaos to be generic for models in which one or several slow variables are coupled to activator-inhibitor type of oscillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare anomaly associated with poor outcomes from high output cardiac failure and neurologic complications. Studies addressing fetal cardiovascular status and outcomes in this population are limited. A single-center retrospective review was conducted on patients with a prenatal diagnosis of VGAM who underwent a fetal echocardiogram between January 2015 and July 2019. Fetal echocardiographic data, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and outcomes were collected. Nine fetuses [median gestational age at echocardiogram 34 (1.1) weeks] were included. All patients had superior vena cava dilation and reversal of diastolic flow in the transverse aortic arch. Median cardiothoracic (CT) ratio was 0.39 (0.09). Right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was present in 66% and 11% fetuses, respectively. Four out of five patients that underwent postnatal endovascular neurosurgical interventions at our center were alive at follow-up (mean 2.7 years). Of the non-survivors (n = 5), 3 received comfort care because of severe brain damage and died in the neonatal period. Non-survivors more commonly had > mild tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (40% vs. 25%) and > mild RV dilation (60% vs. 25%). Combined cardiac index (CCI) was higher in non-survivors when compared to survivors (672.7 vs. 530.2 ml/kg/min, p = 0.016). Fetuses with significant parenchymal damage on brain MRI tended to have a higher CCI than those without (979.8 vs. 605.0 ml/kg/min, p = 0.047). RV dysfunction, TR and elevated CCI are more commonly seen in non-survivors with VGAM. A higher CCI is seen in those deemed untreatable due to significant parenchymal volume loss. Future multicenter studies are needed to assess for prenatal prediction of outcomes in this high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We pose and resolve a holographic puzzle regarding an apparent violation of causality in anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory. If a point in the bulk of AdS moves at the speed of light, the boundary subregion that encodes it may need to move superluminally to keep up. With AdS3 as our main example, we prove that the finite extent of the encoding regions prevents a paradox. We show that the length of the minimal-size encoding interval gives rise to a tortoise coordinate on AdS that measures the nonlocality of the encoding. We use this coordinate to explore circular and radial motion in the bulk before passing to the analysis of bulk null geodesics. For these null geodesics, there is always a critical encoding where the possible violation of causality is barely avoided. We show that in any other encoding, the possible violation is subcritical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary A common bioinformatics task in single-cell data analysis is to purify a cell type or cell population of interest from heterogeneous datasets. Here, we present scGate, an algorithm that automatizes marker-based purification of specific cell populations, without requiring training data or reference gene expression profiles. scGate purifies a cell population of interest using a set of markers organized in a hierarchical structure, akin to gating strategies employed in flow cytometry. scGate outperforms state-of-the-art single-cell classifiers and it can be applied to multiple modalities of single-cell data (e.g. RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, CITE-seq). scGate is implemented as an R package and integrated with the Seurat framework, providing an intuitive tool to isolate cell populations of interest from heterogeneous single-cell datasets. Availability and implementation scGate is available as an R package at https://github.com/carmonalab/scGate (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202614). Several reproducible workflows describing the main functions and usage of the package on different single-cell modalities, as well as the code to reproduce the benchmark, can be found at https://github.com/carmonalab/scGate.demo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202585) and https://github.com/carmonalab/scGate.benchmark. Test data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16826071. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study stable circular orbits in spherically symmetric AdS black holes in various dimensions and their limiting innermost stable circular orbits. We provide analytic expressions for their size, angular velocity and angular momentum in a large black hole mass regime. The dual interpretation is in terms of meta-stable states not thermalising in typical thermal scales and whose existence is due to non-perturbative effects on the spatial curvature. Our calculations reproduce the binding energy known in the literature, but also include a binding energy in the radial fluctuations corresponding to near circular trajectories. We also describe how particles are placed on these orbits from integrated operators on the boundary: they tunnel inside in a way that can be computed from both complex geodesics in the black hole background and from the WKB approximation of the wave equation. We explain how these two computations are related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compute sigma model solutions for rigidly rotating open strings suspended between giant gravitons in general LLM geometries. These solutions are confined to the LLM plane. These all have a dispersion relation for ∆ − J that is consistent with saturation of a BPS bound of the centrally extended spin chain. For the special case of circularly symmetric LLM geometries, we can further evaluate the amount of angular momentum J carried by these strings. This quantity diverges for string configurations that try to move between different “coloring regions” in the LLM plane. All of these quantities have a perturbative expansion in the t’Hooft coupling. For the strings suspended between AdS giants, we can compute in field theory the leading result of J carried by the string via an analytic continuation of the SU(2) result, with the help of the Bethe Ansatz for the SL(2) sector. We thus provide additional information on how the radial direction of AdS arises from (open) spin chain calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study various corrections of correlation functions to leading order in conformal perturbation theory, both on the cylinder and on the plane. Many problems on the cylinder are mathematically equivalent to those in the plane if we give the perturbations a position dependent scaling profile. The integrals to be done are then similar to those in the study of correlation functions with one additional insertion at the center of the profile. We will be primarily interested in the divergence structure of these corrections when computed in dimensional regularization. In particular, we show that the logarithmic divergences (enhancements) that show up in the plane under these circumstances can be understood in terms of resonant behavior in time dependent perturbation theory, for a transition between states that is induced by an oscillatory perturbation on the cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study expansions of an algebraically closed field K or a real closed field R with a linearly independent subgroup G of the multiplicative group of the field or the unit circle group S (R) , satisfying a density/codensity condition (in the sense of geometric theories). Since the set G is neither algebraically closed nor algebraically independent, the expansion can be viewed as "intermediate" between the two other types of dense/codense expansions of geometric theories: lovely pairs and H-structures. We show that in both the algebraically closed field and real closed field cases, the resulting theory is near model complete and the expansion preserves many nice model theoretic conditions related to the complexity of definable sets such as stability and NIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that quasi-standing wave patterns appear in the two-variable Oregonator model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction when a cross-diffusion term is added, no wave instability is required in this case. These standing waves have a frequency that is half the frequency of bulk oscillations displayed in the absence of diffusive coupling. The standing wave patterns show a dependence on the systems size. Regular standing waves can be observed for small systems, when the system size is an integer multiple of half the wavelength. For intermediate sizes, irregular patterns are observed. For large sizes, the system shows an irregular state of spatiotemporal chaos, where standing waves drift, merge, and split, and also phase slips may occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report spatiotemporal chaos in the Oregonator model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Spatiotemporal chaos spontaneously develops in a regime, where the underlying local dynamics show stable limit cycle oscillations (diffusion-induced turbulence). We show that spatiotemporal chaos can be suppressed by a unidirectional flow in the system. With increasing flow velocity, we observe a transition scenario from spatiotemporal chaos via a regime of travelling waves to a stationary steady state. At large flow velocities, we recover the known regime of flow distributed oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of polyethylene glycol to the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction increases the frequency of oscillations, which in an extended system causes a transition from traveling to standing waves. A further increase in frequency causes another transition to bulk oscillations. The standing waves are composed of two domains, which oscillate out of phase with a small delay between them, the delay being smaller as the frequency of oscillations is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study a large class of g-module algebras that we call factorizable by generalizing the Gauss factorization of square or rectangular matrices. This class includes coordinate algebras of corresponding reductive groups G , their parabolic subgroups, basic affine spaces, and many others. It turns out that products of factorizable algebras are also factorizable and it is easy to create a factorizable algebra out of virtually any g-module algebra. We also have quantum versions of all these constructions in the category of Uq(g)-module algebras. Quite surprisingly, our quantum factorizable algebras are naturally acted on by the quantized enveloping algebra Uq(g*) of the dual Lie bialgebra g* of g⁠. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to introduce and study noncommutative Catalan numbers C n which belong to the free Laurent polynomial algebra L n in n generators. Our noncommutative numbers admit interesting (commutative and noncommutative) specializations, one of them related to Garsia–Haiman (q, t)-versions, another—to solving noncommutative quadratic equations. We also establish total positivity of the corresponding (noncommutative) Hankel matrices H n and introduce accompanying noncommutative binomial coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let W be a Coxeter group. The goal of the paper is to construct new Hopf algebras that contain Hecke algebras H q (W) as (left) coideal subalgebras. Our Hecke-Hopf algebras 1 H (W) have a number of applications. In particular they provide new solutions of quantum Yang-Baxter equation and lead to a construction of a new family of endo-functors of the category of H q (W) -modules. Hecke-Hopf algebras for the symmetric group are related to Fomin-Kirillov algebras; for an arbitrary Coxeter group W the "Demazure" part of H (W) is being acted upon by generalized braided derivatives which generate the corresponding (generalized) Nichols algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Management of vascular malformations requires microcatheter manipulation through distal tortuous arterial feeders <1 mm in diameter to permit safe and effective embolization at the fistula or nidus location. The ASAHI CHIKAI 008 microguidewire (ACM) recently introduced in the United States was used to evaluate microcatheter torque, support, and safety in distal microcatheter navigation. Methods The use of the ACM in conjunction with flow-directed and over-the-wire microcatheters was evaluated in 25 neuroendovascular cases performed by a single operator for endovascular microcatheter embolization of intracranial vascular malformations over a 1-year period. The study evaluated angiographic evidence of distal microcatheter positioning, subsequent obliteration of the fistula at the location, and any complications. Results The microguidewire was used in microcatheter embolization of 10 vein of Galen malformations, 11 brain and head and neck arteriovenous malformations, 2 spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas, and 2 cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Good flow-directed and over-the-wire microcatheter placement using the ACM was possible across the spectrum of cases achieving optimal catheterization and safe embolization in all. There were no microguidewire- or microcatheter-related vessel spasms, dissections, or perforations during combined or individual manipulation and no contrast or embolic extravasation on fluoroscopy or postembolization angiography. Conclusions The ACM is a safe, sturdy microguidewire that provides good torque in distal arterial anatomy, while providing microcatheter support and maintaining tip configuration on repeated use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wavelength selection is an important feature in pattern forming systems. There are two distinct instabilities that arise when a mismatching wavelength is imposed on a pattern forming system, the Eckhaus instability (when the imposed wavelength is smaller than the preferred wavelength) and the zigzag instability (when the imposed wavelength is larger than the preferred wavelength). These two perhaps contradicting instabilities coexist in an experiment in which Turing patterns are forced with slowly moving stripes with a wavelength that is about 1.5 the wavelength of the Turing patterns. We also show that these two instabilities coupled together can lead to the reorientation of patterns under traveling stripe forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Epstein Barr virus (EBV) has a large DNA genome assumed to be stable, but also subject to mutational processes such as nucleotide substitution and recombination, the latter explored to a lesser extent. Moreover, differences in the extent of recombination events across herpes sub-families were recently reported. Given the relevance of recombination in viral evolution and its possible impact in pathogenesis, we aimed to fully characterize and quantify its extension in all available EBV complete genome by assessing global and local recombination rate values (⍴/bp). Our results provide the first EBV recombination map based on recombination rates assessment, both at a global and gene by gene level, where the mean value for the entire genome was 0.035 (HPDI 0.020–0.062) ⍴/bp. We quantified how this evolutionary process changes along the EBV genome, and proved it to be non-homogeneous, since regulatory regions depicted the lowest recombination rate values while repetitive regions the highest signal. Moreover, GC content rich regions seem not to be linked to high recombination rates as previously reported. At an intragenic level, four genes (EBNA3C, EBNA3B, BRRF2 and BBLF2-BBLF3) presented a recombination rate above genome average. We specifically quantified the signal strength among different recombination-initiators previously described features and concluded that those which elicited the greatest amount of changes in ⍴/bp, TGGAG and CCCAG, were two well characterized recombination inducing motifs in eukaryotic cells. Strikingly, although TGGAG was not the most frequently detected DNA motif across the EBV genome (697 hits), it still induced a significantly greater proportion of initiation events (0.025 events/hits) than other more represented motifs, p -value = 0.04; one tailed proportion test. Present results support the idea that diversity and evolution of herpesviruses are impacted by mechanisms, such as recombination, which extends beyond the usual consideration of point mutations. Highlights • We provide the first recombination rate map for the entire EBV genome. • Recombination landscape was heterogeneous among EBV genome at global and local level. • GC content was not a key feature influencing recombination in EBV. • Among recombination-inducing DNA motifs, TGGAG and CCCAG were the most meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative lethal, X-linked disease of skeletal and cardiac muscles caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Cell therapy using different cell types, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), has been considered as a potential approach for the treatment of DMD. MSCs can be obtained from autologous sources such as bone marrow and adipose tissues or from allogeneic placenta and umbilical cord. The safety and therapeutic impact of these cells has been demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies and their functions are attributed to paracrine effects that are mediated by secreted cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Here, we studied the therapeutic effects of placenta-derived MSCs (PL-MSCs) and their secreted exosomes using mouse and human myoblasts from healthy controls, Duchenne patients and mdx mice. Treatment of myoblasts with conditioned medium or exosomes secreted by PL-MSCs increased the differentiation of these cells and decreased the expression of fibrogenic genes in DMD patient myoblasts. In addition, these treatments also increased the expression of utrophin in these cells. Using a quantitative miR-29c reporter, we demonstrated that the PL-MSC effects were partly mediated by the transfer of exosomal miR-29c. Intramuscular transplantation of PL-MSCs in mdx mice resulted in decreased creatine kinase levels. PL-MSCs significantly decreased the expression of TGF-β and the level of fibrosis in the diaphragm and cardiac muscles, inhibited inflammation and increased utrophin expression. In vivo imaging analyses using MSCs labeled with gold nanoparticles or fluorescent dyes demonstrated localization of the cells in the muscle tissues up to 3 weeks post treatment. Altogether, these results demonstrate that PL-MSCs and their secreted exosomes have important clinical applications in cell therapy of DMD partly via the targeted delivery of exosomal miR-29c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to attach a noncommutative cluster-like structure to each marked surface Σ. This is a noncommutative algebra A Σ generated by “noncommutative geodesics” between marked points subject to certain triangle relations and noncommutative analogues of Ptolemy–Plücker relations. It turns out that the algebra A Σ exhibits a noncommutative Laurent Phenomenon with respect to any triangulation of Σ, which confirms its “cluster nature”. As a surprising byproduct, we obtain a new topological invariant of Σ, which is a free or a 1-relator group easily computable in terms of any triangulation of Σ. Another application is the proof of Laurentness and positivity of certain discrete noncommutative integrable systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the increasingly competitive market for processed foods after the Second World War, flavor assumed new importance in product design and development as companies struggled to gain advantage and entice repeat buyers. This paper examines the flavor profile, a novel sensory evaluation method developed by chemists at Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL), the storied Cambridge, MA consulting firm. Introduced in 1949, the flavor profile claimed to offer a reliable way of measuring and describing the subjective sensory qualities of products. Drawing extensively on archival material, I document the circumstances surrounding the development of the flavor profile at ADL, examine its uses, and consider the conditions that led to its widespread adoption by the food industry. By considering the flavor profile as both a scientific instrument for flavor measurement, and a practical tool for flavor design and development, I hope to illuminate a dark corner in the history of food industrialization: the values, ideologies, and contingencies that shaped how foods were made to taste in the postwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the model theory of expansions of Hilbert spaces by generic predicates. We first prove the existence of model companions for generic expansions of Hilbert spaces in the form of a distance function to a random substructure, then a distance to a random subset. The theory obtained with the random substructure is ω-stable, while the one obtained with the distance to a random subset is TP2 and NSOP1. That example is the first continuous structure in that class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Based on the work done in in the o‐minimal and geometric settings, we study expansions of models of a supersimple theory with a new predicate distiguishing a set of forking‐independent elements that is dense inside a partial type G ( x ), which we call H‐structures. We show that any two such expansions have the same theory and that under some technical conditions, the saturated models of this common theory are again H‐structures. We prove that under these assumptions the expansion is supersimple and characterize forking and canonical bases of types in the expansion. We also analyze the effect these expansions have on one‐basedness and CM‐triviality. In the one‐based case, when T has SU‐rank ω α and the SU‐rank is continuous, we take G ( x ) to be the type of elements of SU‐rank ω α and we describe a natural “geometry of generics modulo H” associated with such expansions and show it is modular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate pattern formation in a model of a reaction confined in a microemulsion, in a regime where both Turing and wave instability occur. In one-dimensional systems, the pattern corresponds to spatiotemporal intermittency where the behavior of the systems alternates in both time and space between stationary Turing patterns and traveling waves. In twodimensional systems, the behavior initially may correspond to Turing patterns, which then turn into wave patterns. The resulting pattern also corresponds to a chaotic state, where the system alternates in both space and time between standing wave patterns and traveling waves, and the local dynamics may show vanishing amplitude of the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma starts in the salivary glands and accounts for 5%-10% of all salivary gland tumours. Its intraosseous occurrence is rare and only accounts for 2%-3% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas. This neoplasm often follows a long and indolent course. Also, given its ambiguous presentation and similarities to other dental pathologies, it often has a late diagnosis. In this instance, we present the case of a patient with an asymptomatic mandibular lesion, who underwent mandibular resection and reconstruction with fibula free flap. Case report: A 32-year-old male patient reported discomfort when chewing, which was attributable to a self-detected mass localised in proximity to teeth 47 and 48. The lesion presented as a slight swelling without clear expression in the oral cavity mucosa. The rest of the physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Both the panoramic radiograph and computed tomography of the maxillary bones revealed lytic lesions in proximity to teeth 47 and 48, close to the mandibular angle. An incisional biopsy was performed, for which the pathological anatomy showed low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A resection was then performed, which involved a right hemimandibulectomy with ipsilateral cervical lymphadenectomy. The reconstruction was performed with a right fibulafree flap. Upon histological evaluation of the surgical specimen, an intermediate-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma was found. The patient presented good post-operative evolution. Following a multidisciplinary assessment, the use of adjuvant radiation therapy was deemed necessary. The patient currently presents good evolution and has regular check-ups. Conclusion: Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare salivary gland tumour. Given its low frequency, there are no studies that accurately describe its biological behaviour and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is to provide an elementary construction of the canonical basis $$\mathbf B(w)$$ in each quantum Schubert cell $$U_q(w)$$ and to establish its invariance under modified Lusztig's symmetries. To that effect, we obtain a direct characterization of the upper global basis $$\mathbf {B}^{up}$$ in terms of a suitable bilinear form and show that $$\mathbf B(w)$$ is contained in $$\mathbf {B}^{up}$$ and its large part is preserved by modified Lusztig's symmetries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a new class of bases for quantized universal enveloping algebras U q ( g ) and other doubles attached to semisimple and Kac–Moody Lie algebras. These bases contain dual canonical bases of upper and lower halves of U q ( g ) and are invariant under many symmetries including all Lusztig's symmetries if g is semisimple. It also turns out that a part of a double canonical basis of U q ( g ) spans its center and consists of higher Casimirs which suggests physical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the mechanized chlorpyrifos, copper oxychloride and myclobutanil application in a small peach orchard, on humans (operators, bystanders and residents) and on the productive soil. The mean Potential Dermal Exposure (PDE) of the workers (tractor drivers) was 30.8 mL·h − 1 ± 16.4 mL·h − 1 , with no specific pesticide distribution on the laborers body. Although the Margin of Safety (MOS) factor for the application stage were above 1 (safe condition) for myclobutanil and cooper oxycloride it was below 1 for chlorpyrifos. The mix and load stage remained as the riskier operation. Pesticide found on the orchard soil ranged from 5.5% to 14.8% of the total chlorpyrifos, copper oxychloride and myclobutanil applied. Pesticide drift was experimentally measured, finding values in the range of 2.4% to 11.2% of the total pesticide applied. Using experimental drift values, bystander (for one application), resident (for 20 applications) and earthworm (for one application) risk indicators (RIs) were calculated for the chlorpyrifos plus copper oxychloride and for myclobutanil treatments for different distances to the orchard border. Earthworm RI was correlated with experimental Eisenia andrei ecotoxicological assays (enzymatic activities: cholinesterases, carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases; behavioral: avoidance and bait-lamina tests) with good correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae Koch; TSSM) feeds on the under-surface of leaves, piercing the chloroplast-containing cells and affecting pigments as well as leaf structure. This damage could be spectrally detectable in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The aim was to spectrally explore the ability to assess TSSM damage levels in greenhouse-grown pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) leaves. Several vegetation indices (VIs) provided the ability to classify early TSSM damage using a one-way analysis of variance. Hyperspectral (400–1000 nm) and multispectral (five common bands) data were analysed and cross-validated independently by partial least squares-discriminant analysis models. These analyses resulted in 100% and 95% success in identifying early damage with hyperspectral data reflected from pepper and bean leaves, respectively, and in 92% with multispectral data reflected from pepper leaves. Although the TSSM activity occurred on the underside of leaves their damage can be spectrally detected by reflected data from the upper side. Early TSSM damage identification to greenhouse pepper and bean leaves, that their sole damage was by TSSM, can be obtained by VIs, hyperspectral data, and multispectral data. This study shows that by using sub leaf spatial resolution early damage by TSSM can be spectrally detected. It can be potentially applied for greenhouses as well as fields as an early detection method for TSSM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate pattern formation in a model of a reaction confined in a microemulsion, in a regime where both Turing and wave instability occur. In one-dimensional systems, the pattern corresponds to spatiotemporal intermittency where the behavior of the systems alternates in both time and space between stationary Turing patterns and traveling waves. In twodimensional systems, the behavior initially may correspond to Turing patterns, which then turn into wave patterns. The resulting pattern also corresponds to a chaotic state, where the system alternates in both space and time between standing wave patterns and traveling waves, and the local dynamics may show vanishing amplitude of the variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How did vanilla, once a rare luxury, become a global sensation? Rather than taking the vanilla flavor of vanilla beans as a pre-existing natural fact, this essay argues that the sensory experience that came to be recognized as vanilla was a hybrid artifact produced by an expanding global trade in a diverse set of pleasurable substances, including cured beans from artificially pollinated vanilla orchids, synthetic vanillin, sugar, and a far-flung miscellany of other botanical and chemical materials. Global trade and largescale production resulted not in the production of a homogenous, stable commodity, but in a range of local vanillas, heterogeneous mixtures with a range of qualities and virtues. As local commercial and regulatory interests competed to define the origins, and thus the market value, of authentic vanilla flavor, scientific experts were called upon to adjudicate these rival claims. In the United States, these debates played out in the context of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, where efforts to define and chemically enforce a 'standard' vanilla extract, in contradistinction from adulterated, 'imitation' extracts, clashed with the interests of makers and users of both synthetic and 'genuine' vanilla flavorings. As regulatory chemists grappled with the growing variety of vanillas, they were required to determine the appropriate chemical components of genuine vanilla, and consequently to delimit the subjective sensory effects proper to the flavor. Nonetheless, the materials, experiences, and meanings popularly associated with vanilla flavor continued to exceed the limits prescribed by officials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the possible meanings of the concept "mind of the terrorist" taken from the study published in the Newsletter, Volume 11, 1, 2002. Certain questions arose over which theoretical concepts had been used by the authors to frame their ideas. It was seen that the denomination "mind of the terrorist" besides corresponding to a psychoanalytical frame of reference, expresses an ideology and a political stance, as occurs implicitly in the majority of psychoanalytical papers. This does not exclude the fact that to produce the figure of a terrorist one should take into consideration variables such as: childhood traumatic experiences, early abandonments, and violent identification figures. However these ideas do not explain the terrorist phenomenon in all its complexity. There is concern over the risk of boxing in the figure of the terrorist within a psychopathological category. The relation subject-social world is not something uniform and has its own conflicts, especially with the alienness of the other social worlds that are terror provoking. Events such as those of September 11 and those in London in 2005, challenge us on how to think them from the standpoint of the Psychoanalytic Theory and the obstacles the established psychoanalytic mind finds in its path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we argue that for classical configurations of gravity in the AdS/CFT setup, it is in general impossible to reconstruct the bulk geometry from the leading asymptotic behavior of the classical fields in gravity alone. This is possible sufficiently near the vacuum, but not more generally. We argue this by using a counter-example that utilizes the supersymmetric geometries constructed by Lin, Lunin, and Maldacena. In the dual quantum field theory, the additional data required to complete the geometry is encoded in modes that near the vacuum geometry lie beyond the Planck scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]