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Achieving high‐performance aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs) requires stable and efficient cathode materials capable of reversible Zn‐ion intercalation. Although layered vanadium oxides possess high Zn‐ion storage capacity, their sluggish kinetics and poor conductivity present significant hurdles for further enhancing the performance of AZIBs. In response to this challenge, a dissolution‐regrowth and conversion approach is formulated using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a sacrificial template, which enables the in situ creation of copper vanadium oxides (CuVOx) with porous 1D channels and distinctive nanoarchitectures. Owing to their distinctive structure, the optimized CuVOx cathode experiences a reaction involving the synergistic insertion/extraction of Zn2+, resulting in rapid Zn2+ diffusion kinetics and enhanced electrochemical activity postactivation. Specifically, the activated electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 519 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for AZIBs. It is noteworthy that the electrode exhibits a remarkable reversible rate capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with excellent durable cycleability, retaining 88% of its capacity even after 3000 cycles. Various ex situ testing methods endorse the reversible insertion/extraction of Zn2+ in the CuVOx cathode. This study provides a novel insight into high‐performance MOF‐derived unique structure designs for AZIB electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the degradation of cellulosic material, i.e., paper, under different environmental conditions (soil and hydrolytic). Models were developed using central composite design (CCD) within the framework of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. It is done as part of a solid waste management system to eliminate the waste produced by excessive paper usage and obtain optimized degradation conditions of paper. In view of the real environments where paper-based solid wastes are usually exposed, soil degradation and hydrolytic degradation of paper were investigated. The factors pH (4–10), compost ratio (2–5), CaCl2 (5–15 ppm), and time (7–20 days) were independent factors that varied for the study, and degradation conversion was measured as the dependent variable for soil degradation of paper. The factors pH (4–10), CaCl2 (2–5 ppm), tripotassium phosphate (TPP, 2–5 ppm), and time (6–16 days) were independent variables that varied for the study, and degradation conversion was the dependent variable for hydrolytic degradation of paper. The optimal conditions for soil degradation were determined to be a pH of 4, a compost ratio of 5, a salt (CaCl2) addition of 5 ppm, and a duration of 20 days, resulting in the highest observed conversion rate. The coefficient of regression (R2) for CCD is 87.24%, whereas it is 94.82% for ANN. The optimal conditions for achieving maximum conversion in hydrolytic degradation include a pH of 10, a CaCl2 salt concentration of 5 ppm, a TPP salt concentration of 2 ppm, and a duration of 16 days. The coefficient of regression for CCD is 75.15%, while the coefficient of regression for ANN is 93.91%. In both deterioration scenarios, the data exhibited a higher degree of fit when modeled using ANN compared to CCD (RSM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work examines the computational analysis and mathematical modeling of peristaltic blood flow in a tapered channel, taking into account slip boundary conditions, Hall current, and Soret–Dufour forces. By neglecting the wave number and employing a long‐wavelength approximation to analyze the fluid model, the investigation was conducted within the framework of a low Reynolds number regime. The study reveals that the values of the Soret number, Dufour number, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number exhibit an upward trend as the fluid temperature rises. In contrast, a rise in the thermal slip parameter causes the fluid temperature to fall. It has been shown that when the mass slip parameter increases, the fluid's concentration rises. The skin friction coefficient rises within the range of x = 0.55 to x = 1 as the velocity, concentration slip parameter, Soret number, and Dufour number increase. Conversely, the skin friction coefficient decreases as the thermal slip parameter increases. The selected characteristics exhibit realism since they find use in many fields such as medical biology, biomechanics, heat exchangers, gas turbines, and several other domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) were esterified using long-chain fatty acid chlorides (octanoyl chloride, lauroyl chloride, and palmitoyl chloride) and composited with a biodegradable polymer, polybutylene succinate (PBS). The composite material was fabricated into nano-scale fibers and films via electrospinning and electrospraying processes using chloroform as a solvent. The influence of process conditions, CNF type and CNF amount on morphologies were investigated. The diameter of the electrospun fibers was ranged from 648 to 975 nm and fibers with the lowest diameters were produced at 10% concentration, 15 kV voltage and 30 µL/min flow rate. Further, PBS to CNF ratio of 95/5 and CNF esterified with lauryl chloride produced the best results. Electrospraying was achieved at a concentration of 5% or less and the tensile properties of the resulting electrosprayed films were investigated. The highest increase in tensile strength was observed at a PBS to CNF ratio of 99/1, while the most significant enhancement in elastic modulus occurred at the 95/5 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite decades of declining mortality rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This article examines lung cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, survival, and mortality using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Over the past 5 years, declines in lung cancer mortality became considerably greater than declines in incidence among men (5.0% vs. 2.6% annually) and women (4.3% vs. 1.1% annually), reflecting absolute gains in 2‐year relative survival of 1.4% annually. Improved outcomes likely reflect advances in treatment, increased access to care through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and earlier stage diagnosis; for example, compared with a 4.6% annual decrease for distant‐stage disease incidence during 2013–2019, the rate for localized‐stage disease rose by 3.6% annually. Localized disease incidence increased more steeply in states with the highest lung cancer screening prevalence (by 3%–5% annually) than in those with the lowest (by 1%–2% annually). Despite progress, disparities remain. For example, Native Americans have the highest incidence and the slowest decline (less than 1% annually among men and stagnant rates among women) of any group. In addition, mortality rates in Mississippi and Kentucky are two to three times higher than in most western states, largely because of elevated historic smoking prevalence that remains. Racial and geographic inequalities highlight longstanding opportunities for more concerted tobacco‐control efforts targeted at high‐risk populations, including improved access to smoking‐cessation treatments and lung cancer screening, as well as state‐of‐the‐art treatment. Recent declines in lung cancer mortality have outpaced those for incidence, reflecting gains in relative survival that are partly due to recent shifts to earlier stage at diagnosis. Persistent racial and geographic disparities reflect longstanding opportunities for public health intervention to reduce smoking and improve health care access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The tracheoesophageal puncture for the voice prosthesis (VP) placement is the recognized gold standard in post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation. Despite the development of specific intraoperative techniques, a subset of patients will suffer from poor functional outcomes due to pharyngoesophageal spasms (PES). This paper evaluates the functional outcomes after transcutaneous botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) infiltration for PES with a videofluoroscopy-guided technique. Methods: Since 2022, eight consecutive patients with VP and affected by PES were treated with BTX-A injection by a standard videofluoroscopic guided technique at the European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS (IEO) in Milan. A lidocaine test was performed pre-operatively to evaluate the potential effect of chemical neurectomy. All patients with positive lidocaine tests were injected with 50 IU of BTX-A (Allergan, Irvine, CA) according to the sites marked during the videofluoroscopy. Reported symptoms (VHI, SECEL), perceptual (INFVo), aerodynamic (MPT) and manometric parameters were collected before and after treatment. Results: In all cases, BTX-A was performed as an outpatient procedure without complications. For seven patients, only one BTX-A injection was needed, while one patient required a re-injection. Subjective and perceptive improvement after BTX-A was significant for VHI, SECEL and INFVo. MPT showed significant improvement after a chemical neurectomy. After a mean follow-up of 6 months, all patients maintained a good TES quality. Conclusion: The videofluoroscopic guided BTX-A injection of the pharyngoesophageal tract showed to be a feasible and reproducible technique in all cases. The pharyngoesophageal videofluoroscopy allows defining of patients' anatomical landmarks that help the surgeon to perform a homogeneous injection, empowered by post-injection massage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral SCC (OSCC) is the eighth most prevalent cancer in the world. [1] Head and neck cancer account for more than 650,000 cases and 330,000 deaths annually worldwide. India is the world capital accounting for one-third of the global burden.[2] About 60–80% of the patients in India suffering from oral cancer are detected in the advanced stages with tongue malignancies invariably involving floor of mouth (FOM) either by primarily or forming the base of resection.[3,4] Advanced oral cavity lesions, particularly that of tongue and FOM are associated with morbidities like speech, swallowing and breathing difficulty.[5] Hence, a balance between adequate oncological margins and optimal functional outcome is a challenge. Mandibular lip-split and the pull-through are the two commonly used surgical techniques.[6-8] High recurrence rates of 30% with lip-split approach has led us to opt for a more secure radical approach.[9] Para-hyoid region zone is the most common site of early recurrence which is neither included in the dissection specimen nor accessible by trans-oral approach.[10] Therefore, the pull-through technique was devised for en-bloc resection of tongue cancers with cervical lymphatics. We aim to assess the oncological and functional of this Pull-through technique in locally advanced Tongue and FOM cancers. A retrospective observational study was done for patients operated in the institute from Jan 2021 - Jan 2023. 75 patients with locally advanced carcinoma tongue or FOM undergoing resection by pull through approach were included in the study. Surgical Technique (Image1: attachment) In this technique, the Visor approach was used and Subplatysmal skin flaps raised. Bilateral level IA/IB dissection was performed, and the suprahyoid muscles divided from their bony attachment to enter the oral cavity. Subsequently, the gingivo-labial sulcus was incised on either side carefully considering for the margins and the tongue was dropped into the neck, thereby providing access to all parts of the tongue and oropharynx. Mandibulectomy, if required, was done beforehand intraorally delivering the segment with the specimen in toto. Resection and reconstruction was then performed under direct vision. Reconstruction was done either with pedicled or free flap insertion. Reattachment of the digastric muscles or remnant genioglossus, and geniohyoid muscles on both sides with the flap was done to reconstruct the floor. [Display omitted] Post-operative Follow-Up Patients were followed up postoperatively and received adjuvant treatment as per NCCN guidelines and were provided with rehabilitatory support. Six months after the treatment, Speech, swallowing, and breathing was assessed using HNC FIT (Functional Integrity) scales.[11,12] Patient Characteristics A total of 75 patients were included in the study with 55 (73.33%) males and 20 (26.66%) females with a mean age of 47 years (range 30–76 years). Procedural parameters Out of a total of 75 patients, 3(4%) underwent total glossectomy, 11(14.66%) near total and 18(24%) anterior oblique glossectomy. 18 of the 75 patients underwent mandibular resections (6 - segmental and 12- marginal). Histopathology 19 patients had T2 lesions, 26 T3 lesions and 30 T4 primaries. 31 patients (41.3%) had node negative disease while 44 (58.6%) were node positive with 16 having positive contralateral neck nodes. 24 of 75 patients (32%) had lympho-vascular invasion while 37 (48%) had perineural invasion. Functional outcome As an institutional protocol, all patients undergoing major tongue resections were tracheostomised. The median duration of tracheostomy removal was 15th postop day (1st Follow-up) and 57(76%) patients were tracheostomy free by the completion of adjuvant treatment. However, 6(8%) patients had permanent tracheostomies. Ryle's tube feeding was started postoperatively escalating to oral feeds by POD5. Swallowing and speech rehabilitation was provided and on 6 monthly follow up, 17 of 75 (22.5%) patients tolerated solid food (HNCFIT food intake grade 3), 19 (25.3%) soft and 21 (28%) liquid diet, a total of 40 (53.3%) patients in grade 2. 9 (12%) patients required Ryle's tube due to inadequate oral intake (grade 1), while 8 (10.6%) were entirely dependent on tube feeds (grade 0). Out of 75 patients, 4 (5.3%) had no phonation (HNCFIT grade0), 8(10.5%) unclear speech (Grade1), 14(18.66%) had comprehensible speech with telephoning possible (grade 2), 44 (58.6%) had understandable speech with voice change(grade3), 5(6.66%) had normal voice (grade 4). [Display omitted] The pull-through approach had the advantages of good accessibility and functional outcome and ensures resection with adequate margins. Effective surgical treatment can contribute to the improved quality and length of survival of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Lipases are widely used in biodiesel, food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries. To fulfil the rising demand for these crucial industrial enzymes, an extensive study on lipases from various micro-organisms will be useful in maximising the growing conditions and reducing production costs. Materials and Methods: The current work concentrated on optimising the carbon source, inducer concentration, and growth parameters to produce lipases at a reasonable price from pseudomonas species. Results: Extracellular lipases from Pseudomonas fluorescens were produced and optimised, achieving a concentration of 220 IU/mL of submerged fermentation broth. Conclusion: The results showed that the extracellular lipase production from Pseudomonas fluorescens was enhanced by three folds using submerged fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) continues to be one of the major causes of cancer deaths in women. Progress has been made in targeting hormone and growth factor receptor-positive BCs with clinical efficacy and success. However, little progress has been made to develop a clinically viable treatment for the triple-negative BC cases (TNBCs). The current study aims to identify potent agents that can target TNBCs. Extracts from microbial sources have been reported to contain pharmacological agents that can selectively inhibit cancer cell growth. We have screened and identified pigmented microbial extracts (PMBs) that can inhibit BC cell proliferation by targeting legumain (LGMN). LGMN is an oncogenic protein expressed not only in malignant cells but also in tumor microenvironment cells, including tumor-associated macrophages. An LGMN inhibition assay was performed, and microbial extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity in BC cell lines, angiogenesis assay with chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and tumor xenograft models in Swiss albino mice. We have identified that PMB from the Exiguobacterium (PMB1), inhibits BC growth more potently than PMB2, from the Bacillus subtilis strain. The analysis of PMB1 by GC-MS showed the presence of a variety of fatty acids and fatty-acid derivatives, small molecule phenolics, and aldehydes. PMB1 inhibited the activity of oncogenic legumain in BC cells and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PMB1 reduced the angiogenesis and inhibited BC cell migration. In mice, intraperitoneal administration of PMB1 retarded the growth of xenografted Ehrlich ascites mammary tumors and mitigated the proliferation of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity in vivo. In summary, our findings demonstrate the high antitumor potential of PMB1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The given text provides information on the synthesis and biological evaluation of fused compounds for potential cancer treatment. The compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A-549 cell lines, with some compounds showing superior activity against MCF-7 and moderate activity against A-549. Additionally, the compounds were tested for their tyrosine kinase EGFR inhibitory activity, with some compounds showing promising potency comparable to the reference drug erlotinib. The synthesis of the compounds involved several steps and the use of specific reagents and solvents. The document provides information on the synthesis and characterization of various chemical compounds. The compounds are derivatives of 1,2,3-triazolo[4',5':4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and contain different substituents on the phenyl and triazole rings. The compounds are obtained through column chromatography and their physical and spectroscopic properties are reported. The information provided can be useful for researchers studying the synthesis and properties of similar compounds. This document describes the synthesis and evaluation of a series of novel compounds with potential anticancer activity. The compounds, which are fused [1,2,3]-triazolo[4¿,5¿:4,5]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine linked 1,2,3-triazoles, were tested for their inhibitory activity against the tyrosine kinase EGFR proteins. Two compounds, [Extracted from the article]

The present study was intended for the identification of secondary metabolites in acetone extract of the lichen Hypotrachyna cirrhata using UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS and the detection of bioactive compounds. This study led to the identification of 22 metabolites based on their MS/MS spectra, accurate molecular masses, molecular formula from a comparison of the literature database (DNP), and fragmentation patterns. In addition, potent antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potentials of acetone extract of H. cirrhata motivated us to isolate 10 metabolites, which were characterized as salazinic acid (11), norlobaridone (12), atranorin (13), lecanoric acid (14), lichesterinic acid (15), protolichesterinic acid (16), methyl hematommate (17), iso-rhizonic acid (18), atranol (19), and methylatratate (20) based on their spectral data. All these isolates were assessed for their free radicals scavenging, radical-induced DNA damage, and intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The results indicated that norlobaridone (12), lecanoric acid (14), methyl hematommate (17), and atranol (19) showed potent antioxidant activity, while depsidones (salazinic acid (11), norlobaridone (12)) and a monophenolic compound (iso-rhizonic acid, (18)) displayed significant intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (p < 0.001), which is comparable to standard acarbose. These results were further correlated with molecular docking studies, which indicated that the alkyl chain of norlobaridione (12) is hooked into the finger-like cavity of the allosteric pocket; moreover, it also established Van der Waals interactions with hydrophobic residues of the allosteric pocket. Thus, the potency of norlobaridone to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme might be associated with its allosteric binding. Also, MM-GBSA (Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area) binding free energies of salazinic acid (11) and norlobaridone (12) were superior to acarbose and may have contributed to their high activity compared to acarbose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A verifiable multi-secret sharing (VMSS) scheme addresses various security issues, helping in cheating detection and cheater identification. The dimension of the intersection of a given pair of cyclic codes over a finite field 픽q is represented by ℓ. In this paper, we propose a VMSS scheme based on an ℓ-intersection pair of cyclic codes. The proposed scheme is very useful for sharing a large number of secrets. If p is the number of secrets in a threshold (t,n) scheme, then for p > t, the computational complexity and the public values required in the reconstruction phase are much less compared to many existing schemes in the literature. Overall, the proposed scheme comprises nearly all the features, like being verifiable, testing participants’ integrity, checking Verifier frauds, and most importantly, it is of multi-use type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramide biosynthesis and its connection to iso‐fatty acid metabolism in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated using a combination of reverse genetics and comparative ESI‐(+)‐HR‐MSe ceramide profiling along with incorporation experiments with bacterial mutants specifically enriched with isotopically labeled branched‐chain amino acids or branched‐chain fatty acids. Incorporation of a l‐leucine‐derived isovalerate unit into the conserved d17 : 1iso sphingosine building block proceeds through elo‐5 dependent chain elongation and depends on peroxisomal β‐oxidation by the 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase daf‐22, although ceramide profiles of N2 wildtype and daf‐22(ok693) are indistinguishable. Biosynthesis of the homologous N‐iso‐acyl moieties also depends on l‐leucine and isovalerate chain elongation but proceeds independently of elo‐5 and daf‐22. Biosynthesis of the dominating N‐docosanoyl moiety depends on elo‐3‐catalyzed chain elongation of bacteria‐derived palmitic acid, whereas the N‐tetracosanoyl moiety is derived from de novo lipogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esterified nanofibrillated cellulose (eNFC) with varying degrees of substitution was prepared using fatty acid chloride. Furthermore, the effect of esterification on properties of pure NFC and its composites with polybutylene succinate (PBS) was investigated. Lauroyl chloride (LC) with 12 carbon atoms was used for esterification. An increase in the amount of LC increased the degree of substitution (DS), which significantly decreased the water contact angle and improved the hydrophobicity of NFC. The addition of fatty acid to NFCs lowered their crystallinity. However, the fatty acid increased the hydrophobicity of NFCs, thereby improving their dispersibility in nonpolar solvents. Compared with pure NFCs, eNFC exhibited enhanced compatibility with PBS, and the addition of eNFC with an appropriate DS increased the tensile strength and elastic modulus of PBS. These findings suggest the potential of NFC esterification for improving the performance of NFC-based composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The brain is highly susceptible to Aluminium’s (Al) toxic impact due to its elevated lipid content and oxygen utilization but, relatively scanty levels of antioxidants. Al is known for its strong pro-oxidant activity. Hence oxidative stress in the brain is a likely outcome of Al toxicity. Previous studies report sensory, motor and cognitive deficits in animals exposed to various Al compounds. Hence, this study was undertaken to find how dose, and time span of aluminium exposure influence the pro-oxidant activity and antioxidant handling capacity in female Wistar rats’ cerebellum and hippocampus. Materials and Methods: Two groups of female Wistar rats were given four different aluminium chloride oral doses of 0, 50, 100, 200 mg/Kg body weight daily for a time span of four and eight weeks. Oxidative level was assessed by estimating GSH, LPO, SOD, Catalase, GPx and GR in cerebellum and hippocampus of rat brain. Data was analysed by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni ‘t’ test was used for multiple group comparisons. Results: Al exposure in female rats resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, while antioxidants GSH, SOD, catalase, GPx and GR were depleted in cerebellum and hippocampus. However, these changes were predominantly significant only in aluminium doses of 100 and 200 mg/Kg in both 4 and 8weeks studies. But, GPx in the cerebellum and catalase in hippocampus showed a crucial reduction even at 50 mg/Kg dose on eight-week exposure. Conclusion: Aluminium has enhanced the synthesis of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in rat cerebellum and hippocampus, as noted by the increase in lipid peroxidation which was not balanced by the elevated synthesis of antioxidants. In addition, aluminium at higher doses of 100mg/Kg dose and more had a significant negative impact on the antioxidant protective system. Therefore, it is vital to minimize our aluminium exposure from different sources in our everyday lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis go through tremendous physical, psychological, emotional and financial stress of high order. Because of their dependency and disability, these patients may have suicidal ideations. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with end stage renal disease, undergoing hemodialysis in the dialysis unit of Katuri Medical College and Hospital were included in the study. Results: Significant levels of depression were observed in the female gender. Suicidal intentions were higher in frequency among female patients undergoing HD compared to male patients, but high intent in severity was found among higher percentage of male patients. Conclusion: Early identification and intervention for psychiatric manifestations in patients undergoing hemodialysis is a very crucial factor, which effects compliance of the patient and finale treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: End stage renal disease is a worldwide problem which deteriorates quality of life. Patients with end stage renal disease experience depression due to various reasons. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis in the hemodialysis unit of Katuri Medical college and hospital, Guntur were included in the study. Results: 1 Significant level of depression was found in female gender, increasing age, patients on 1-3 years of hemodialysis. Conclusion: End stage renal disease burdens patient not only physicically but mentally also. Increasing rates of depression, anxiety amongst CKD patients' needs to be tackled with timely interventions like counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the development of carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Iron is essential for the beta cell functioning of the pancreas and glucose homeostasis in adequate quantities. However, excess iron levels can lead to the generation of an increased amount of free radicals, which can cause toxicity to the pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin resistance by impairing glucose metabolism. Aim: To compare maternal and foetal blood analysis in term pregnancies with and without GDM. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JSS Medical College and Hospital Research Centre, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, on 120 term pregnant women, with 60 cases of GDM and 60 non GDM controls. Maternal blood and cord blood samples were used to measure Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), serum iron, and serum ferritin in the mother and newborn at the time of delivery. Foetal blood analysis was performed in terms of foetal haemoglobin, iron, and ferritin. Birth weight was also measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Independent t-test, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. Results: The serum ferritin level of the mother was higher in GDM cases (mean value 89.47 ng/mL) than in non GDM controls (mean value 47.62 ng/mL), and this difference was statistically significant. Serum ferritin levels in newborns were significantly lower in the GDM group (85.43) compared to the non GDM group (102.71). Mean values of haemoglobin, PCV, and iron levels were not significantly higher in newborns of GDM mothers compared to non GDM mothers. Conclusion: In GDM, serum ferritin was increased, indicating a marker of inflammation or iron overload, which increases oxidative stress that might affect placental iron transfer and haemoglobin synthesis in the foetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social innovations consist of new forms of cooperation of individuals or organisations and they provide new solutions to societal problems. They typically evolve along three phases and have the potential to solve region-specific challenges. In the operating phase, social innovations can overcome the so-called tipping point. The tipping point is an elusive moment at which the social innovation can begin to spread or at which it could also fail. To examine the social innovation characteristics that contribute to overcome tipping points and to identify the role and motivations of actors to participate in the process of developing social innovations in tourism, we applied innovation biographies to seven social innovations in a Swiss mountain region. Data were drawn from 29 interviews with the involved actors. Our results show that social innovations in tourism that overcame the tipping point fulfil three conditions: First, new actors join the social innovations in the operating phase. Second, all the actors involved benefit from the social innovation for their own business strategy. Third, the social innovation is accepted in the region and among the actors involved and therefore does not face strong headwinds. Furthermore, developers, supporters, and promoters are important throughout the entire social innovation process. The findings suggest the need for a more comprehensive understanding of innovations in tourism that incorporates the complexity of different actors involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mini-grids need to imitate the transition path of a traditional grid to maintain their position as a sustainable energy access alternative, while aligning with the objectives of the seventh Sustainable Development Goal. One such strategy is implementing smart-metering solutions to improve business viability and remote monitoring of distributed mini-grid assets. However, selecting smart meters presents a significant challenge for mini-grid operators, primarily due to the installation costs involved and the complexities associated with operating mini-grids in rural areas. Against this backdrop, the current case study' demonstrates the utility of multi-criteria decision aids, such as stochastic multi-criteria acceptability analysis (SMAA), to assist mini-grid operators in making informed decisions concerning smart-meter selection. In addition, practitioners' narratives elucidate how implementing smart metering can function as part of mini-grid operations in rural areas. Furthermore, narratives highlight the importance of considering context-specific conditions to avoid the under-utilisation of smart meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rotator Cuff Injuries (RCIs) are common shoulder injuries, and the supraspinatus muscle, which is part of the rotator cuff, plays a crucial role in shoulder abduction. The mini-open repair technique offers several advantages, including being less invasive, leading to reduced postoperative morbidity, and shorter operative times. Aim: The aim of this prospective interventional study was to assess the functional consequences of open microscopic repair and the functional implications of supraspinatus tendon repair following the procedure and during the postoperative healing period. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics at Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital in Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study duration was one year, from July 2020 to July 2022. A total of 120 patients aged between 20 and 60 years were included, and all surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. Patients were followed up for one year and evaluated with Constant- Murley Score (CMS) system. Patient data were analysed based on gender, age, degree of tears, clinical test results, and postoperative scores. Levene’s test was used to determine variance homogeneity, and the Student’s t-test (two-tailed, dependent) was used to determine the statistical significance of study parameters on a continuous scale within each group. Results: The study included 120 patients (84 males and 36 females), and the majority of them had traumatic tears. When data was analysed based on patient age, the majority were between 46 and 50 years (33 patients, 27%), followed by the age group of 41-45 years. At the end of one year, the outcomes were excellent in 68 patients, good in 24 patients, satisfactory in 16 patients, and poor in 12 patients. Conclusion: Based on the results of the mini-open technique, the authors concluded that mini-open rotator cuff repair resulted in superior repair integrity and shoulder function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-cigarette use increased between 2014 and 2018 among younger U.S. adults who had never smoked combustible cigarettes, potentially increasing nicotine addiction risk and progression to combustible tobacco products. It is unknown how prevalence changed after the E-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury epidemic (late 2019) and COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) by age group and combustible cigarette smoking status. Data from cross-sectional, nationally representative National Health Interview Surveys in 2019, 2020, and 2021 (analyzed in 2022) were used to estimate current E-cigarette use prevalence, adjusted prevalence difference between survey years, and population counts, by age group (younger, 18–29 years, n =11,700; middle age, 30–44 years, n =21,300, 45–59 years, n =21,308; older, ≥60 years, n =36,224) and cigarette smoking status (current, former, and never). E-cigarette use prevalence increased among younger adults between 2019 and 2021 (8.8%−10.2%, adjusted prevalence difference=1.7% points, 95% CI=0.1, 3.3), primarily owing to an increase among those who never smoked cigarettes (4.9%−6.4%, adjusted prevalence difference=1.7% points, 95% CI=0.3, 3.1). People who never smoked cigarettes constituted 53% (2.68 million) of younger adults who used E-cigarettes in 2021, increasing by 0.71 million from 2019. Conversely, among middle age and older adults, the prevalence was similar in 2019 and 2021 irrespective of cigarette smoking status, and those who formerly smoked cigarettes constituted the largest proportion of people who used E-cigarettes in 2021 (age 30–44 years: 51.8%, 1.8 million; age 45–59 years: 51.6%, 0.85 million; age ≥60 years: 47.5%, 0.45 million). Efforts must address the rise in E-cigarette use among younger adults who never smoked cigarettes. At the same time, assistance is needed to help those who switched to E-cigarettes to stop smoking to transition to non-use of all products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an approach based on extended Kalman filtering (EKF) combined with singular value decomposition (SVD) was proposed to extract fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) from single-channel abdominal ECG recording. First, on the basis of dynamic model of maternal electrocardiogram established, the maternal ECG component was estimated from the single-channel abdominal signal by EKF or extended Kalman smoothing (EKS). Next, the preliminary estimation of fetal ECG was obtained by subtracting the maternal ECG component from the single-channel abdominal signal. To obtain the fetal ECG with high signal-to-noise ratio, the preliminary fetal ECG was denoised using SVD. In addition, an improved construction method of the ECG signal construction matrix was proposed in the SVD algorithm for the case of fetal arrhythmia. Synthetic abdominal signals and real abdominal signals (49 abdominal channels in total from DAISY database and PhysioNet noninvasive fetal ECG database) were used for fetal ECG extraction. The results showed that the signal-to-noise ratio of fetal ECG extracted by EKF + SVD or EKS + SVD was about 5 dB higher than that by EKF or EKS alone, and the accuracy of fetal ECG extraction was 95.60% and 95.94%, respectively. In conclusion, the signal-channel fetal ECG extraction method based on the combination of EKF and SVD could effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy of fetal ECG signals extraction, and would be suitable for maternal or fetal arrhythmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NiGdXFe2–XO4 (X = 0.0–0.040 with a variation of 0.010) nanocrystalline materials fabricated via citrate-gel auto-combustion method. The crystalline phase of the fabricated samples was confirmed by XRD, and the Debye–Scherrer formula revealed that the crystalline size ranged from 26.71 to 18.79 nm. The lattice parameter variation was seen in the samples, proving that Vegard's law is followed. Particles and the agglomerated structures shown in the SEM images are in the nanometer range. Two FTIR bands were observed in the FTIR spectrum, which indicates the tetrahedral and octahedral bands their stretching frequencies. LCR metres were used to measure the samples' dielectric properties, which included AC conductivity, impedance (σAC), dielectric permittivity (ε/), and dielectric loss (Tan D). The samples' AC conductivity increased as the temperature and dopant concentration increased. In cole–cole plots semi-circle behaviour obtained, the results are explained based on grain and grain boundaries. The behaviour of decreasing dielectric constant and dielectric loss with increasing frequency was described by Koop's theory of mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer, specifically pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), presents a challenging landscape due to its complex nature and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This immunosuppression severely limits the effectiveness of immune-based therapies. Studies have revealed the critical role of immunometabolism in shaping the TME and influencing PDAC progression. Genetic alterations, lysosomal dysfunction, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and altered metabolic pathways have been shown to modulate immunometabolism in PDAC. These metabolic alterations can significantly impact immune cell functions, including T-cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and macrophages, evading anti-tumor immunity. Advances in immunotherapy offer promising avenues for overcoming immunosuppressive TME and enhancing patient outcomes. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities for future research in this evolving field. By exploring the connections between immunometabolism, genetic alterations, and the microbiome in PDAC, it is possible to tailor novel approaches capable of improving immunotherapy outcomes and addressing the limitations posed by immunosuppressive TME. Ultimately, these insights may pave the way for improved treatment options and better outcomes for PDAC patients. [Display omitted] • The interaction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the immune system is critical in shaping the immunometabolic landscape. • Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to undergo metabolic reprogramming to exist in the nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute to PDAC progression. • PDAC cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet high energy demands by using immune modulators in the TME, including glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, to facilitate their proliferation and survival. • Targeting the immunometabolic interactions of PDAC cells by combining metabolic inhibitors with immune modulators is a possible strategy for PDAC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non‐Newtonian fluid's Poiseuille flow in a porous medium with variable inclination and permeability is investigated. Let us assume for the sake of simplification that permeability varies as a quadratic parabolic function form. The porous medium is used by the Brinkman methodology to control the flow. The equations for velocity distribution and mass flow that result from this are evaluated using different input values. This problem describes the effect of inclination, Jeffrey parameter, and variable permeability on the classical Poiseuille flow between parallel plates. This problem can also be treated as an extension of the work of Hamdan and Kamel for non‐Newtonian fluid flow in an inclined channel. Also, the effects of these variables on the variation of mass flux with Jeffrey parameter λ1 is analyzed through graphs, and the skin friction coefficient is analyzed through table values. It is observed that the maximum permeability of the porous medium affects both the mass flow rate and the velocity, which increase with rising λ1 and decrease with rising Ha, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim was to investigate the fatigue performance of root canal-treated (RCT) molars restored with different direct restorations utilizing discontinuous and continuous fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) systems. The impact of direct cuspal coverage was also evaluated. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty intact third molars extracted for periodontal or orthodontic reasons were randomly divided into six groups (n=20). Standardized MOD, regular cavities for direct restorations were prepared in all specimens, and subsequently, root canal treatment and root canal obturation was carried out. After the endodontic treatment, the cavities were restored with different fiber-reinforced direct restorations as follows: SFC group (control), discontinuous short fiber-reinforced composite (SFC) without cuspal coverage (CC); SFC+CC group, SFC with cuspal coverage; PFRC group, transcoronal fixation with continuous polyethylene fibers without CC; PFRC+CC group, transcoronal fixation with continuous polyethylene fibers with CC; GFRC group, continuous glass FRC post without CC; and GFRC+CC, continuous glass FRC post with CC. All specimens underwent a fatigue survival test in a cyclic loading machine until fracture occurred or 40,000 cycles were completed. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted, followed by pairwise log-rank post hoc comparisons between the individual groups (Mantel-Cox). Results: The PFRC+CC group was characterized by significantly higher survival compared to all the groups (p < 0.05), except for the control group (p = 0.317). In contrast, the GFRC group showed significantly lower survival compared to all the groups (p < 0.05), except for the SFC+CC group (p = 0.118). The control group (SFC) showed statistically higher survival than the SFRC+CC group (p < 0.05) and GFRC group (p < 0.05), but it did not differ significantly from the rest of the groups in terms of survival. Conclusions: Direct restorations utilizing continuous FRC systems (in the form of polyethylene fibers or FRC post) to restore RCT molar MOD cavities performed better in terms of fatigue resistance when CC was performed compared to the same FRC restorations without CC. On the contrary, teeth restored with SFC restorations performed better without CC compared to the ones where SFC was covered. Clinical relevance: In the case of fiber-reinforced direct restorations for MOD cavities in RCT molars, direct CC is recommended when utilizing long continuous fibers for reinforcement, however, should be avoided when only SFC is used for their reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the factors causing child sexual abuse by biological fathers within the jurisdiction of the Kelapa Lima Police Sector and identify mitigation efforts that can be undertaken. The study adopts an empirical legal approach and collects data through interviews with two respondents/informants. The data used consists of primary and secondary data obtained through interviews and literature review, which are then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The research findings indicate that the factors contributing to child sexual abuse by biological fathers within the jurisdiction of the Kelapa Lima Police Sector include: (1) low educational attainment leading to a lack of understanding of the consequences of such actions, (2) isolated living environments, (3) alcohol abuse, and (4) technology misuse (specifically mobile phones). Special attention is required in handling cases of paternal sexual abuse against biological children. Ill-treatment of children, especially girls, can have negative impacts on their growth and development. Therefore, addressing these cases necessitates serious attention to ensure the well-being of the children's mental state and prevent them from experiencing traumatic and negative consequences that may affect others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release dynamics of Flemingia semialata Roxb. were studied from May 2016 to April 2017 using the litter bag technique. The study on litter dynamics is needed to assess the nutrient release pattern before introduction in degraded or marginal lands or agroforestry systems for soil nutrient management practices in hilly northeast states of India. The initial N concentration, lignin content, and lignin/N ratio of leaf litter had significant positive correlations with decay coefficients. The annual decay rate constant (k) for dry matter was 0.01 day−1 (3.65 year−1) with t50 and t99 values of 96.43 and 695.73 days, respectively, indicating faster leaf litter decomposition. Initial C (51%), N (2.38%), and low lignin concentrations with low C/N (21.53) and lignin/N (4.05) ratios could be important factors in faster mass loss from the litter samples. The P mineralization kP (2.19) rate was higher than kN (0.73), indicating the slower release rate of N. The weight loss during decomposition was positively correlated with rainfall (r = 0.42) and temperature (r = 0.39). The study suggests that F. semialata leaf litter could be useful for regulating soil nutrient pool through faster litter turnover and can therefore be exploited as plantation and/or agroforestry species for soil and water conservation in degraded slopy terrain of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stored legumes suffer both quality and quantity deterioration due to infestation by bruchids. Recently, plant essential oils (EOs) are recognized as safer substitutes to manage these pests by alleviating the concerns of residue and resistance problem of synthetic grain protectants. Insecticidal, sub-lethal and residual effects of Pogostemon cablin Benth, Mentha arvensis L., Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats., Pelargonium graveolens L. and Acorus calamus L. EOs were investigated against Callosobruchus analis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). In contact toxicity, LC50 values ranged from 0.040 to 0.362 µl/cm2, being lowest for P. cablin. Cymbopogon martinii, P. graveolens and A. calamus EOs had strong repellent property (> 83%), while M. arvensis and P. cablin demonstrated moderate repellency (41–67%) at sub-lethal concentrations. Sub-lethal exposure reduced the oviposition (5.96–100%) and inhibited progeny emergence (21.22–100%) in dose-dependent manner. Acorus calamus EO showed potent oviposition deterrency and progeny emergence was totally abolished. EOs exhibited moderate to high residual activity, where M. arvensis and A. calamus treated seeds were completely protected (0% damage) for 70- and 84-days post-treatment. Results indicated the promising potential of five EOs to be used as bioactive ingredients for developing grain protectants to prevent post-harvest deterioration of legumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve a sustainable future, researchers must continue to research improved electrode materials. Considering the high electronic conductivity, versatile redox activity, and enhanced energy storage performance, nanostructures have been employed as a novel electrode material for high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors. Herein, carbon‐coated selenium‐rich trimetallic selenide (Cu2NiSnSe4@C) nanoparticles (NPs) as an efficient electrode material in energy storage devices are prepared. The prepared core‐shell Cu2NiSnSe4@C NPs electrode is employed as an anode material for LIBs, which demonstrated a high reversible specific capacity of 988.46 mA h g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 with good rate capability. Additionally, the core‐shell Cu2NiSnSe4@C NPs electrode exhibited an outstanding capacity of 202.5 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 even after 10 000 cycles. Exploiting the synergistic characteristics, the core‐shell Cu2NiSnSe4@C NPs material is also investigated as a battery‐type electrode for hybrid supercapacitors. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor with Cu2NiSnSe4@C NPs and activated carbon showed excellent rate capability including high power (5597.77 W kg−1) and energy (64.26 Wh kg−1) densities. Considering the simple synthesis and enhanced energy storage properties, carbon‐coated selenium‐rich trimetallic selenide can be used as a durable electrode material for practical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of governance index and gross fixed capital formation on the economic growth of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) using annual data from 2002 to 2019. This study employs Fixed Effect Model, Driscoll and Kraay standard error with fixed effect, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square, Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) and Panel Dumitrescu Hurlin Causality test. The study has divided the variables into two models where model I includes the impact of governance index (jointly) on economic growth while model II examines the impact of governance index on economic growth individually. The findings demonstrate that the governance index, gross fixed capital formation, population, control of corruption, and governance effectiveness have a positive and significant impact on economic growth, whereas regulatory quality showed a significant and negative impact on economic growth. Furthermore, regarding the Panel test, we notice the presence of unidirectional causality among the constituent variables. Therefore, this study suggests that the government should encourage economic development in the BRICS countries and move away from outdated ideas and poor institutional quality in favor of a new comprehensive reform to achieve excellent governance, population growth control, labor law changes, and corruption control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasites of the genus Leishmania are unusual unicellular microorganisms in that they are characterized by the capability to subvert in their favor the immune response of mammalian phagocytes, including dendritic cells. Thus, in overt leishmaniasis, dendritic cells and macrophages are converted into a niche for Leishmania spp. in which the parasite, rather than being inactivated and disassembled, survives and replicates. In addition, Leishmania parasites hitchhike onto phagocytic cells, exploiting them as a mode of transport to lymphoid tissues where other phagocytic cells are potentially amenable to parasite colonization. This propensity of Leishmania spp. to target dendritic cells has led some researchers to consider the possibility that the non-pathogenic, reptile-associated Leishmania tarentolae could be exploited as a vaccine platform and vehicle for the production of antigens from different viruses and for the delivery of the antigens to dendritic cells and lymph nodes. In addition, as L. tarentolae can also be regarded as a surrogate of pathogenic Leishmania parasites, this parasite of reptiles could possibly be developed into a vaccine against human and canine leishmaniases, exploiting its immunological cross-reactivity with other Leishmania species, or, after its engineering, for the expression of antigens from pathogenic species. In this article we review published studies on the use of L. tarentolae as a vaccine platform and vehicle, mainly in the areas of leishmaniases and viral infections. In addition, a short summary of available knowledge on the biology of L. tarentolae is presented, together with information on the use of this microorganism as a micro-factory to produce antigens suitable for the serodiagnosis of viral and parasitic infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet spinning was studied for lignocellulose nanofibrils (TOLCNF) obtained by TEMPO oxidation and mechanical defibrillation of deep eutectic-like solvent-treated lignocellulose. First, the morphological characteristics, water retention value, and specific surface area of the TOLCNF were studied. The effects of the TOLCNF concentration (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 wt%) and spinning rate (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mL/min) on the wet-spun filament diameter, orientation index, and tensile properties were studied. With an increase in the TOLCNF concentration, the average diameter increased, whereas the orientation index and tensile strength decreased. An increased spinning rate resulted in an increased orientation index and tensile strength but a decrease in the average diameter. To further extend their applicability, Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were grown in situ on the filament surface using UV irradiation. Spherical AgNPs with diameters of 30 to 90 nm were observed using scanning electron microscopy. An increased AgNP content improved the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous use of synthetic fertilizer can lead to the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. The use of organic amendment can reduce the solubility of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd in soil. The experiment was undertaken to determine the decline of soluble Pb and Cd in polluted soils treated with dairy cattle waste-based vermicompost. The study used two soil samples; Inceptisols collected from Air Duku Village and Entisol from Beringin Raya Village, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Entisols and Inceptisols contained 2.0 and 0.4 mg kg-1 soluble Pb and 0.7 and 0.8 mg kg-1soluble Cd, respectively. The samples were pretreated with either 100 ppm Pb or Cd. Vermicompost was applied at the rate of 0, 10, 20, and 30 Mg ha-1 on samples of Inceptisols and Entisol, arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The mixture was incubated for eight weeks. After the incubation ended, the soil sample was analyzed for soluble Pb and Cd using DTPA extraction before detection using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The study resulted that the soluble Pb and Cd significantly reduced with vermicompost treatment, being the lowest was at the rate of 30 Mg ha-1. Furthermore, the decreased soluble Pb and Cd was more substantial in Inceptisols than Entisols. Soluble Pb in both soils was lower than Cd, suggesting a higher retention affinity of the former. This study summarizes that vermicompost at the rate of 30 Mg ha-1 effectively immobilizes Pb and Cd in contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to offer a phenomenological description of VR images and their experience. In the first section, I briefly present the peculiar features of these kinds of images; in the second section, I compare VR images with phantasms, especially in the light of the idea of "presentification" (Vergegenwärtigung), and then I discuss the reality or unreality of VR image-objects; the third section elaborates an analysis of VR images according to the notions of image object (Bildobjekt), and discusses the issue of "presence" both of the representing image and the user; finally, in the last section, I focus on the correlated experience of the subject, which I describe as a switching between image consciousness and perceptual apprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Underscreened is defined as no fecal immunochemical test/fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomography colonography, or stool-based DNA test in the past 1, 5, 10, 5, or 3 y, respectively, among adults aged 50-75 y with no history of CRC. CRC = colorectal cancer; CT = computed tomography; FIT = fecal immunochemical test; FOBT = fecal occult blood test.* Up to date is defined as FIT/FOBT, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, CT colonography, or stool-based DNA test in the past 1, 5, 10, 5, or 3 y, respectively. I Background: i Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States ([1]). [Extracted from the article]

We describe a novel progressive neurological syndrome complicating traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI). Based on clinical and radiological features, we propose the term 'Chronic Relapsing Ascending Myelopathy' (CRAM). We distinguish between the previously described sub-acute progressive ascending myelopathy (SPAM) and post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS), which may lie on a spectrum with CRAM. A 60-year-old man sustained a T4 ASIA-A complete TSCI. Four months post-injury, he developed a rapidly progressive ascending sensory level to C4. Clinical and radiological evaluation revealed ascending myelopathy with progressive T2 hyper-intense cord signal change. He underwent cord detethering and expansion duroplasty. Following an initial dramatic resolution of symptoms, the patient sustained two relapses, each 1-month post-discharge characterised by recurrence of disabling ascending sensory changes, each correlating with the radiological recurrence of cord signal change. Symptoms and radiological signal change permanently resolved with more extensive detethering and expansion duroplasty. There is radiological and clinical resolution at 1-year follow-up. Acute neurological deterioration post-TSCI may be due to SPAM or may occur after years due to PTS. We propose CRAM as a previously unrecognised phenomenon. The radiological characteristics overlap with SPAM. However, CRAM presents later and, clinically, behaves like PTS, but without cord cystic change. Cord detethering with expansion duroplasty are an effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed the fecundity of a Viviparus acerosus population from southern Romania in the autumn period (October 2020). For this, we collected 52 specimens from a channel near Teasc Village, Dolj County. Of these, 13 females were gravid, with a total number of 210 embryos, most in stage III of evolution. The number of embryos was not correlated with the dimensions of the females; therefore, the fecundity of females was not determined exclusively by the dimensions of the females. The studied population reproduces till late autumn, maybe even continuously in the investigated habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The Turnbull–Cutait pull‐through procedure (TCO) restores intestinal continuity in the setting of chronic pelvic sepsis, colorectal anastomotic leak, complex pelvic fistulas and technical challenges related to complicated rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the TCO for salvaging complex pelvic conditions and to compare it to hand‐sewn immediate coloanal anastomosis (CAA). Methods: This is a retrospective single‐institution study where we searched a prospectively maintained database to identify patients who underwent the TCO. Patient demographics, operative indications and outcomes were analysed. TCO success was defined as maintenance of intestinal continuity and being stoma‐free. Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed for stoma‐free survival analysis. Results: A total of 81 patients with TCO and 129 patients with CAA were included. The TCO success rate was 69% at a median of 1.4 years' follow‐up with 25 (31%) patients ending up with a permanent stoma compared to 22 (17%) in the CAA group with a median follow‐up of 4 years (P = 0.03). The Kaplan–Meier cumulative incidence of TCO success at 1, 3 and 5 years was 79%, 60% and 51%, respectively, compared to 91%, 81% and 73% after CAA. Conclusion: The TCO has a high success rate for patients with complex pelvic conditions who may be facing a permanent stoma as their only option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-MS/MS)-guided metabolite isolation as a choice analytical approach to the ongoing structure–activity investigations of chemical isolates from the edible lichen, Ramalina conduplicans Vain. This strategy led to the isolation and identification of a new depside (5) along with 13 known compounds (1–4, 6–14), most of which being newly described in this lichen species. The structures of the isolates were established by detailed analysis of their spectral data (IR, NMR, and Mass). The acetone extract was further analyzed by UPLC-Q-ToF-MS/MS in a negative ionization mode, which facilitated the identification and confirmation of 18 compounds based on their fragmentation patterns. The antioxidant capacities of the lichen acetone extract (AE) and isolates were measured by tracking DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities. Most isolates displayed marked radical scavenging activities against ABTS while moderate activities were observed against DPPH radical scavenging. Except for atranol (14), oxidative DNA damage was limited by all the tested compounds, with a marked protection for the novel isolated compound (5), as previously noted for the acetone extract (p < 0.001). Furthermore, compound (4) and acetone extract (AE) have inhibited intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme significantly (p < 0.01). Although some phytochemical studies were already performed on this lichen, this study provided new insights into the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds, illustrating interest in future novel analytical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]