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Aim: Brain MRI findings in sinus vein thrombosis (SVT) have been well described in many studies. However, to our knowledge, there is no diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study in these cases in the literature. The main purpose of this article is to examine white matter integrity in SVT and to better understand the possible underlying white matter damage. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study is a neuroimaging study including 1.5 T MRI and brain DTI to evaluate the white matter integrity of patients with SVT and healthy controls. White matter DTI abnormalities were evaluated according to ROI. DTI findings of cases and healthy controls were compared. Results: In cases with SVT, higher apparent diffusion coefficiency (ADC) values were detected in middle cerebellar peduncle, optic radiatio compared to healthy controls. Decreased fractional anisotrophy (FA) values were detected in cingulum, corona radiata, corpus callosum splenium, anterior limb of internal capsule, posterior limb of internal capsule, optic radiatio and corticospinal tract. High radial diffusivity (RD) values were detected in cingulum, corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior limb of internal capsule, posterior limb of internal capsule, middle cerebellar peduncle, optic radiation and corticospinal tract. Low axial diffusivity (AD) values were detected in cingulum, posterior limb of internal capsule and corticospinal tract. Conclusion: Our findings may suggest intercellular edema and axon and myelin damage in white matter tracts in sinus thrombosis. DTI findings may be useful in quantitatively monitoring the response to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aim to investigate whether increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure causes changes in the optic sheath diameter and microstructure of the optic nerve in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We also aim to investigate the relationship between optic sheath diameter and the optic nerve microstructural changes. Materials and Methods: Our retrospective study is a neuroimaging study of CSF opening pressure-confirmed IIH cases and controls, including 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor brain imaging. The optic nerve was evaluated by region of interest (ROI) with diffusion tensor imagine (DTI) and compared with the healthy control. DTI findings were correlated with optic sheath diameters. Results: The ADC and RD values obtained from the left optic nerve were significantly increased compared to the healthy group (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). The FA values obtained from the right and left optic nerves were decreased considerably compared to the healthy group (p=0.035 and p=0.015, respectively). We found that perioptic CSF distance increased in cases with IIH and there was a negative correlation between CSF distance and both optic nerve AD values (Left r=-0.42 and right r=-0.43). Conclusion: Patients with IIH have significant DTI changes in the optic nerve microstructure, which is related to the optical sheath diameter. It may be possible to detect optic nerve damage early with microstructural changes before permanent vision loss develops and to monitor nerve damage with DTI parameters. Early recognition of optic nerve damage due to intracranial high pressure with DTI parameters is important in preventing permanent vision loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) are relatively common radiological entities that occasionally necessitate differential diagnosis. Purpose: To investigate the differences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity (SI) between MS and CSVD related white matter lesions. Material and Methods: On 1.5-T and 3-T MRI scanners, 50 patients with MS (380 lesions) and 50 patients with CSVD (395 lesions) were retrospectively evaluated. Visual inspection was used to conduct qualitative analysis on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)_b1000 to determine relative signal intensity. The thalamus served as the reference for quantitative analysis based on SI ratio (SIR). The statistical analysis utilized univariable and multivariable methods. There were analyses of patient and lesion datasets. On a dataset restricted by age (30–50 years), additional evaluations, including unsupervised fuzzy c-means clustering, were performed. Results: Using both quantitative and qualitative features, the optimal model achieved a 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1 in patient-wise analysis. With an AUC of 0.984, the best model achieved a 94% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity when using only quantitative features. The model's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 91.9%, 84.6%, and 95.8%, respectively, when using the age-restricted dataset. Independent predictors were T2_SIR_max (optimal cutoff=2.1) and DWI_b1000_SIR_mean (optimal cutoff=1.1). Clustering also performed well with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 86.5%, 70.6%, and 100%, respectively, in the age-restricted dataset. Conclusion: SI characteristics derived from DWI_b1000 and T2-weighted-based MRI demonstrate excellent performance in differentiating white matter lesions caused by MS and CSVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate and compare ultrasonographic and mammographic findings of papillary breast carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma in breast masses that were diagnosed as pathological. Material and methods: This retrospective study included 88 patients with breast lesions, who underwent ultrasonography, mediolateral oblique-craniocaudal, and tomosynthesis imaging in the Picture Archiving and Communication System between January 2010 and March 2019. Results: 44 histopathologically diagnosed papillary carcinoma patients and 44 invasive ductal carcinoma patients were divided into groups according to contour, shape, internal structure, calcific-cystic component, echogenicity, posterior acoustic change, skin orientation, and environmental echogenic halo. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in mammography contour, U/S contour, U/S shape, U/S posterior acoustics, and U/S internal structure. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of homogenous appearance (p < 0.001) and absence of shading in the posterior acoustic U/S (p = 0.001) were the most pertinent findings for determining papillary carcinoma. In the U/S, the likelihood of a homogenous tumour being a papillary carcinoma was 16.869 times higher than that of invasive ductal carcinoma, whereas the same probability was 0.1101 times less for a tumour with posterior acoustic shadowing. Conclusions: It is challenging to differentiate between invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma of the breast without histopathological diagnosis both on ultrasound and mammography. The results of our study demonstrated that the ultrasonographic and mammographic findings of invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary carcinoma were like each other. Therefore, it is still not possible to distinguish between these 2 types of cancer only in accordance with these 2 criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of an 18-month old toddler admitted to the pediatric neurology department with delayed speech, motor issues, and other symptoms. It is reported that clinical examination and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) led to a preliminary diagnosis of Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD). It is further reported that the MRI revealed brain atrophy, white matter lesions, and a unique finding, central tegmental tract hyperintensity.

Objectives: To determine whether idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) may affect white matter integrity and optic pathways by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to correlate the DTI metrics with intracranial pressure (ICP). Methods: This study is a retrospective case–control study. A total of 42 patients who underwent lumbar puncture and those with elevated ICP, meeting the diagnostic criteria for IIH, were included in the study. All patients had supportive magnetic resonance imaging findings for the diagnosis of IIH. The headache control group comprised 36 patients who presented to the Neurology Department with infrequent episodic tension‐type headache, had a normal neurologic examination, and had clinical and radiological findings suggestive of normal ICP. For each patient with IIH, clinical findings and ophthalmological measurements were recorded. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values were calculated using a region of interest‐based method in different white matter tracts and optic pathways and compared. Results: A total of 42 patients diagnosed with IIH (three males, 39 females), with a mean (standard deviation [SD] age of 38.1 (8.9) years), and 36 headache controls (10 males, 26 females, mean [SD] age; 38.1 [9.4] years) were included in the study. The mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) of the patients with IIH was 25.2 (1.9) kg/m2, and the mean (SD) BMI of the headache controls was 23.3 (1.5) kg/m2 (p < 0.001). Decreased FA values and increased RD values in the cingulum were detected in patients with IIH compared to the headache controls (p = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.681; p = 0.002 Cohen's d = −0.710). Decreased AD values in the left and right superior cerebellar peduncle and increased ADC values in the middle cerebellar peduncle were detected in patients with IIH compared to the headache controls (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.961; p = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.607; p = 0.015, Cohen's d = −0.564). Increased ADC and RD values and decreased FA values in optic nerve were detected in patients with IIH (p = 0.010, Cohen's d = −0.603; p = 0.004, Cohen's d = −0.676; p = 0.015 Cohen's d = 0.568). A positive correlation was found between the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and ADC values of the left and right superior and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of the corpus callosum, and right optic radiation (r = 0.43, p = 0.005; r = 0.31, p = 0.044; r = 0.39, p = 0.010; r = 0.35, p = 0.024; r = 0,41, p = 0.007). There was a positive correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and the ADC values of the optic nerve (r = 0.32, p = 0.039). Conclusions: Intracranial hypertension can be associated with deteriorated DTI values, which might be interpreted as a sign of impaired white matter microstructural integrity in many brain regions beyond the periventricular white matter. Pressure‐induced edema and axonal degeneration may be the potential underlying mechanisms of this microstructural damage. Plain Language Summary: Females of reproductive age with obesity are disproportionately affected by idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and the incidence of this diagnosis is increasing along with the prevalence of obesity. We do not yet understand how IIH develops, but dysregulation of intracranial pressure is an important area of research interest, so we hypothesized that increased intracranial pressure may affect white matter microstructure and optic pathways in patients with IIH. Using data from a specialized imaging technique, we found that patients with IIH may have impaired white matter microstructural integrity in several areas of the brain and microstructural alterations in the optic nerve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effects of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) on the brain's white matter and optic nerve, highlighting changes associated with increased pressure inside the skull. Topics include diffusion tensor imaging techniques, the relationship between increased intracranial pressure and brain damage, and the potential for improved treatment strategies for IIH.

Purpose: Endometrial cancer (EC) is among the prevalent malignancies in gynecology, showing an increasing occurrence and mortality rate. The updated 2023 FIGO staging integrates both histopathological and molecular analyses, which significantly impact the prognosis and treatment approaches. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of MRI in identifying essential histopathological tumor features, including histological subtype, grade, and lymphovascular space invasion. Methods: A total of 106 patients diagnosed with EC from February 2018 to December 2023 underwent preoperative pelvic MRI. Surgical procedures followed ESMO guidelines, with histopathological assessments using FIGO 2009 criteria. Two radiologists independently evaluated MRI images, measuring maximum tumor size, minimum tumor ADC value (using a free-hand ROI technique), and ADC tumor/myometrium ratio. MRI findings were compared with histopathological data. Results: Peritoneal implant presence and tumor size exhibited significant differences between endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) and non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (NEEC), with p values of < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. Significant differences in age, tumor size, ADC tumor, and ADC tumor/myometrium between low-grade and high-grade tumors were observed, with p values of < 0.001, 0.004, 0.006, and 0.011, respectively. Increased tumor size, reduced ADC tumor, ADC tumor/myometrium, and pelvic peritoneal implant presence were significantly associated with LVSI, with p values of < 0.001, 0.001, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively. The AUC values for tumor size, ADC tumor, and ADC tumor/myometrium were 0.842, 0.781 and 0.747, respectively, in distinguishing between low and high-grade endometrial tumors. Similarly, obtained AUC values for predicting LVSI were 0.836, 0.719, and 0.696, respectively. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes MRI's role in predicting tumor characteristics such as histological subtype, grade, and LVSI based on updated FIGO criteria. By highlighting the potential of MRI, this research contributes to our comprehension of improving diagnostic and clinical management for EC. Further multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings and establish MRI's role in EC management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To avoid contrast administration in spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), some studies suggest accepting diffuse pachymeningeal hyperintensity (DPMH) on non-contrast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) as an equivalent sign to diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement (DPME) on contrast-enhanced T1WI (T1ce), despite lacking thorough performance metrics. This study aimed to comprehensively explore its feasibility. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, between April 2021 and November 2023, brain MRI examinations of 43 patients clinically diagnosed with SIH were assessed using 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI scanners. Two radiologists independently assessed the presence or absence of DPMH on FLAIR and DPME on T1ce, with T1ce serving as a gold-standard for pachymeningeal thickening. The contribution of the subdural fluid collections to DPMH was investigated with quantitative measurements. Using Cohen's kappa statistics, interobserver agreement was assessed. Results: In 39 out of 43 patients (90.7%), pachymeningeal thickening was observed on T1ce. FLAIR sequence produced an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 72.1%, 71.8%, 75.0%, 96.6%, and 21.4% respectively, for determining pachymeningeal thickening. FLAIR identified pachymeningeal thickening in 28 cases; however, among these, 21 cases (75%) revealed that the pachymeningeal hyperintense signal was influenced by subdural fluid collections. False-negative rate for FLAIR was 28.2% (11/39). Conclusion: The lack of complete correlation between FLAIR and T1ce in identifying pachymeningeal thickening highlights the need for caution in removing contrast agent administration from the MRI protocol of SIH patients, as it reveals a major criterion (i.e., pachymeningeal enhancement) of Bern score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some pathologies associated with abnormal patellar height have been reported in the literature. However, its relationship with some pathologies, such as anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration (ACL-MD) and focal cartilage defect, has not been investigated. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between patellar height with patellar-quadriceps tendinopathy, quadriceps fat pad edema, ACL-MD, and focal cartilage defect. Material and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging of the knees of 261 patients were classified into three groups as normal, patella alta, and patella baja, and evaluated in terms of patellar-quadriceps tendinopathy, quadriceps fat pad edema, ACL-MD, and focal cartilage defect. Results: There were 261 patients (140 men, 121 women; age range = 18–60 years; mean age = 30 ± 4.7 years). Of the 261 patients, 181 (69.3%) were normal, 56 (21.4%) were patella alta, and 24 were patella baja (9.1%). Patellar-quadriceps tendinopathy, quadriceps fat pad edema, and ACL-MD rates were significantly higher compared to the normal group (P <0.05). While a moderate positive correlation was found between patellar height shift and patellar-quadriceps tendinopathy and ACL-MD, there was a small correlation between patellar height shift and quadriceps fat pad edema. The rate of focal cartilage defect was significantly higher in the middle part of the lateral femoral condyle and lateral knee joint only in patella alta. Conclusion: The risk of patellar-quadriceps tendinopathy, quadriceps fat pad edema, ACL-MD, and lateral focal cartilage defect is higher in patients with alta-baja. The radiologist should evaluate these pathologies more carefully, especially subtle ones, in patients with abnormal patellar height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound elastography is a simple non-invasive method for measuring tissue elasticity in relation to tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare echogenicity, volume and shear wave velocities of undescended vs normally descended testes. Sixty-six boys with undescended testes were included in this study. The median age range was 35.5 (10–118) months old. The cases included in this prospective study consisted of 66 patients with non-operated undescended testes, with 51 of them being affected unilaterally and 15 affected bilaterally, as diagnosed by physical examination. The control group consisted of 31 healthy boys without any particular health problems. This prospective study was performed by gray-scale ultrasonography and shear wave elastography in boys with undescended testes and healthy testes. The testicular volumes were established by ultrasound measurement, the echogenicity and shear wave elastography values were measured in boys with unilateral and bilateral undescended testes, and the results were compared with healthy boys' testes and their contralateral testes. The stiffness values were recorded for speed (m/s) and elasticity (kPa), and the stiffness values of undescended testes were compared with the healthy control group. Echogenicity values were lower in the bilateral undescended testes group than in the healthy group, and the healthy group's echogenicity was normal (p <0.001). The ROC curve was used to identify a cut-off shear wave elastography value for predicting decreased testicular echogenicity by using average shear wave elastography values. The area under the curve for the undescended testes was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70–0.85, sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 68.7%, p <0.001), with an average shear wave elastography value of 2.32 (m/s) for above the cut-off point indicates. This was found to be significantly associated with reduced echogenicity on gray-scale ultrasonography, suggesting that it may be correlated with fibrosis developing in patients with undescended testes. The study provides interesting findings in that it proposes an alternative non-invasive method for the assessment of testicular tissue in undescended testes. We used shear wave elastography to compare the stiffness of normal testes in both heathy patients and in the contralateral healthy testes of boys with undescended testes, with the values obtained for the undescended testes reflecting the level of fibrosis of the parenchyma. Another outcome of this study was observed in patients with unilateral undescended testes, where the normally descended testes showed increased shear wave elastography values, which could be an early indication of parenchymal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound elastography is a simple non-invasive method for measuring tissue elasticity in relation to tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare echogenicity, volume and shear wave velocities of undescended vs normally descended testes. Sixty-six boys with undescended testes were included in this study. The median age range was 35.5 (10–118) months old. The cases included in this prospective study consisted of 66 patients with non-operated undescended testes, with 51 of them being affected unilaterally and 15 affected bilaterally, as diagnosed by physical examination. The control group consisted of 31 healthy boys without any particular health problems. This prospective study was performed by gray-scale ultrasonography and shear wave elastography in boys with undescended testes and healthy testes. The testicular volumes were established by ultrasound measurement, the echogenicity and shear wave elastography values were measured in boys with unilateral and bilateral undescended testes, and the results were compared with healthy boys' testes and their contralateral testes. The stiffness values were recorded for speed (m/s) and elasticity (kPa), and the stiffness values of undescended testes were compared with the healthy control group. Echogenicity values were lower in the bilateral undescended testes group than in the healthy group, and the healthy group's echogenicity was normal (p <0.001). The ROC curve was used to identify a cut-off shear wave elastography value for predicting decreased testicular echogenicity by using average shear wave elastography values. The area under the curve for the undescended testes was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70–0.85, sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 68.7%, p <0.001), with an average shear wave elastography value of 2.32 (m/s) for above the cut-off point indicates. This was found to be significantly associated with reduced echogenicity on gray-scale ultrasonography, suggesting that it may be correlated with fibrosis developing in patients with undescended testes. The study provides interesting findings in that it proposes an alternative non-invasive method for the assessment of testicular tissue in undescended testes. We used shear wave elastography to compare the stiffness of normal testes in both heathy patients and in the contralateral healthy testes of boys with undescended testes, with the values obtained for the undescended testes reflecting the level of fibrosis of the parenchyma. Another outcome of this study was observed in patients with unilateral undescended testes, where the normally descended testes showed increased shear wave elastography values, which could be an early indication of parenchymal change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to differentiate serous borderline ovarian tumors (SBOT) from serous epithelial ovarian carcinomas (SEOC) using morphological and functional MRI findings, to improve the patient management. Method: We retrospectively investigated 24 ovarian lesions diagnosed with SBOT and 64 ovarian lesions diagnosed with SEOC. Additional to the demographic and morphological findings T2W signal intensity ratio, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) and total apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCtotal) values were analyzed and compared between two groups. Results: Bilaterality, pelvic free fluid presence, serum CA-125 level (U/mL), presence of pelvic peritoneal implant were in favor of SEOC. Lower maximum size of solid component and solid size to maximum size ratio, dominantly cystic and solid-cystic appearance, exophytic growth pattern, presence of papiller projection and papillary architecture and internal branching pattern, higher T2W signal intensity ratio, ADCmean and ADCtotal values were in favor of SBOT. Conclusion: Our study revealed that morphological and functional imaging findings were valuable in differentiating BSOT from SEOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adnexal torsion, additional radiological findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the affected and non-affected ovaries.We retrospectively examined the MRI of 34 torsed adnexa of 34 cases. We specifically examined the peripherally displaced follicle sign, stromal edema, lack of stromal contrast enhancement, follicular rim sign, T2 hypointense rim sign, uterine deviation, adnexal displacement, whirlpool sign, T2 hypointense dot sign, and tubal thickening. These signs were systematically compared between the torsed and non-torsed adnexa. In addition to that, the presence of free fluid was recorded. As a quantitative analysis, ovarian size and stromal ADC values in torsed and non-torsed ovaries were measured.The average age was 36.6 years. The right ovary was torsed in 21 (61.8%) of the cases, and the left ovary was torsed in 13 (38.2%). There were significant differences between groups in all signs except the follicular rim sign. The highest accuracy was at the whirlpool sign (0.93). This was followed by uterine deviation and stromal edema (0.85). The accuracy rates of other findings are, respectively, lack of stromal contrast enhancement (0.81), T2 hypointense dot sign (0.79), peripherally displaced follicle sign (0.77), displacement of the adnexa (0.66), tubal thickening (0.66), T2 hypointense rim sign (0.62) and follicular rim sign (0.54). The largest size of ovary in patients with torsion was significantly larger, with an average of 67.5 ± 16.3 mm, compared to 38.8 ± 7.7 mm in non-torsed adnexa (p < 0.001). Additionally, the stromal ADC value was significantly higher in torsed ovarian stroma, averaging 1930.5 ± 455.4 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) compared to 1655.7 ± 349.3 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) in non-torsed ovarian stroma (p < 0.001).In our study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of various imaging signs associated with adnexal torsion. The most reliable indicators of adnexal torsion, based on their high accuracy rates, include an enlarged ovary, the presence of the whirlpool sign, uterine deviation, and stromal edema.Methods: We aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adnexal torsion, additional radiological findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the affected and non-affected ovaries.We retrospectively examined the MRI of 34 torsed adnexa of 34 cases. We specifically examined the peripherally displaced follicle sign, stromal edema, lack of stromal contrast enhancement, follicular rim sign, T2 hypointense rim sign, uterine deviation, adnexal displacement, whirlpool sign, T2 hypointense dot sign, and tubal thickening. These signs were systematically compared between the torsed and non-torsed adnexa. In addition to that, the presence of free fluid was recorded. As a quantitative analysis, ovarian size and stromal ADC values in torsed and non-torsed ovaries were measured.The average age was 36.6 years. The right ovary was torsed in 21 (61.8%) of the cases, and the left ovary was torsed in 13 (38.2%). There were significant differences between groups in all signs except the follicular rim sign. The highest accuracy was at the whirlpool sign (0.93). This was followed by uterine deviation and stromal edema (0.85). The accuracy rates of other findings are, respectively, lack of stromal contrast enhancement (0.81), T2 hypointense dot sign (0.79), peripherally displaced follicle sign (0.77), displacement of the adnexa (0.66), tubal thickening (0.66), T2 hypointense rim sign (0.62) and follicular rim sign (0.54). The largest size of ovary in patients with torsion was significantly larger, with an average of 67.5 ± 16.3 mm, compared to 38.8 ± 7.7 mm in non-torsed adnexa (p < 0.001). Additionally, the stromal ADC value was significantly higher in torsed ovarian stroma, averaging 1930.5 ± 455.4 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) compared to 1655.7 ± 349.3 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) in non-torsed ovarian stroma (p < 0.001).In our study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of various imaging signs associated with adnexal torsion. The most reliable indicators of adnexal torsion, based on their high accuracy rates, include an enlarged ovary, the presence of the whirlpool sign, uterine deviation, and stromal edema.Results: We aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adnexal torsion, additional radiological findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the affected and non-affected ovaries.We retrospectively examined the MRI of 34 torsed adnexa of 34 cases. We specifically examined the peripherally displaced follicle sign, stromal edema, lack of stromal contrast enhancement, follicular rim sign, T2 hypointense rim sign, uterine deviation, adnexal displacement, whirlpool sign, T2 hypointense dot sign, and tubal thickening. These signs were systematically compared between the torsed and non-torsed adnexa. In addition to that, the presence of free fluid was recorded. As a quantitative analysis, ovarian size and stromal ADC values in torsed and non-torsed ovaries were measured.The average age was 36.6 years. The right ovary was torsed in 21 (61.8%) of the cases, and the left ovary was torsed in 13 (38.2%). There were significant differences between groups in all signs except the follicular rim sign. The highest accuracy was at the whirlpool sign (0.93). This was followed by uterine deviation and stromal edema (0.85). The accuracy rates of other findings are, respectively, lack of stromal contrast enhancement (0.81), T2 hypointense dot sign (0.79), peripherally displaced follicle sign (0.77), displacement of the adnexa (0.66), tubal thickening (0.66), T2 hypointense rim sign (0.62) and follicular rim sign (0.54). The largest size of ovary in patients with torsion was significantly larger, with an average of 67.5 ± 16.3 mm, compared to 38.8 ± 7.7 mm in non-torsed adnexa (p < 0.001). Additionally, the stromal ADC value was significantly higher in torsed ovarian stroma, averaging 1930.5 ± 455.4 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) compared to 1655.7 ± 349.3 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) in non-torsed ovarian stroma (p < 0.001).In our study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of various imaging signs associated with adnexal torsion. The most reliable indicators of adnexal torsion, based on their high accuracy rates, include an enlarged ovary, the presence of the whirlpool sign, uterine deviation, and stromal edema.Conclusion: We aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of adnexal torsion, additional radiological findings and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the affected and non-affected ovaries.We retrospectively examined the MRI of 34 torsed adnexa of 34 cases. We specifically examined the peripherally displaced follicle sign, stromal edema, lack of stromal contrast enhancement, follicular rim sign, T2 hypointense rim sign, uterine deviation, adnexal displacement, whirlpool sign, T2 hypointense dot sign, and tubal thickening. These signs were systematically compared between the torsed and non-torsed adnexa. In addition to that, the presence of free fluid was recorded. As a quantitative analysis, ovarian size and stromal ADC values in torsed and non-torsed ovaries were measured.The average age was 36.6 years. The right ovary was torsed in 21 (61.8%) of the cases, and the left ovary was torsed in 13 (38.2%). There were significant differences between groups in all signs except the follicular rim sign. The highest accuracy was at the whirlpool sign (0.93). This was followed by uterine deviation and stromal edema (0.85). The accuracy rates of other findings are, respectively, lack of stromal contrast enhancement (0.81), T2 hypointense dot sign (0.79), peripherally displaced follicle sign (0.77), displacement of the adnexa (0.66), tubal thickening (0.66), T2 hypointense rim sign (0.62) and follicular rim sign (0.54). The largest size of ovary in patients with torsion was significantly larger, with an average of 67.5 ± 16.3 mm, compared to 38.8 ± 7.7 mm in non-torsed adnexa (p < 0.001). Additionally, the stromal ADC value was significantly higher in torsed ovarian stroma, averaging 1930.5 ± 455.4 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) compared to 1655.7 ± 349.3 (10⁻⁶ mm2/s) in non-torsed ovarian stroma (p < 0.001).In our study, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of various imaging signs associated with adnexal torsion. The most reliable indicators of adnexal torsion, based on their high accuracy rates, include an enlarged ovary, the presence of the whirlpool sign, uterine deviation, and stromal edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Pelvic morphology can vary by gender, geography and racial factors. This study aimed to measure important pelvic diameters in the Turkish population, determine pelvic type incidence, and find the relationship between genders. Methods: Pelvic radiographs of 153 men and women, aged 18-65, selected randomly, were evaluated with X-ray pelvimetry in our study. Pelvic types were determined using Caldwell classification, and conjugata anatomica, obliqua, transversa, vera and diagonalis were measured with Thoms and William's technique. Gender differences were analyzed. Results: In 15.7% of cases android type, in 11.8% anthropoid type, in 33% gynecoid type, and in 39.5% platypelloid type pelvis were found. Platypelloid and gynecoid pelvis types were more common in men, while other types were more common in women. Pelvic diameters in women and men were, respectively, conjugata transversa 13.85±0.92 cm and 14.65±0.89 cm, conjugata anatomica 12.8 (8.34-16.65) cm and 13.55 (8.61-17.73) cm, conjugata vera 14.33 (10.14-17.70) cm and 14.84 (10.43-18.30) cm, conjugata diagonalis 15.94 (11.94-19.61) cm and 16.04 (12-19.39) cm, and conjugata obliqua 11.1 (8.47-13.53) cm and 11.81 (8.98-17.81) cm. Except for conjugata diagonalis (p=0.420), pelvic diameters were significantly larger in women (p<0.05). Conclusions: Knowing the morphometric features of the apertura pelvis superior in the population and identifying differences is important in clinical follow-up. Although our study does not represent the entire population due to its cross-sectional nature, we believe the data will contribute to the literature and help consider differences in pelvic morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate whether white matter (WM) integrity is impaired in vitamin B12 and folate deficiency with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) in older patients. Methods: All the patients aged ≥65 years admitted to the geriatric clinic and performed DTI‐MRI were included in the study. DTI parameters (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity) were calculated by ROI‐based method in white matter tracts. Deficiency threshold for vitamin B12 were defined as <200 pg ml−1 and <400 pg ml−1 separately; and for folate as <3 ng ml−1 and <6 ng ml−1, separately. Results: DTI was performed to older patients having serum vitamin B12 level (n = 106, mean age = 80.7±7.7, 66% female) and folate level (n = 101, mean age = 80.7±7.5, 67.3% female). Significantly lower FA and higher MD and RD levels were observed in multiple WM areas including superior and middle cerebellar peduncles, cingulum and genu of corpus callosum in patients with vitamin B12 <400 pg ml−1 (p < 0.05). DTI indices also showed significant changes in the genu of corpus callosum, and right and left superior longitudinal fasciculus in patients with folate <6 ng ml−1 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate may be associated with impaired white matter integrity in elderly even at high laboratory levels, and DTI is a useful method to detect it. Advances in knowledge: Early detection of impaired WM integrity caused by micronutrient deficiencies poses a great significance in terms of prevention and intervention, and DTI is an effective non‐invasive method to be used for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]