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To increase the performance of the compound casting, the corrosion-wear behaviour of a Zinc Silicate coating on the surface of IS 2062 Grade B Carbon Steel using high velocity oxygen fuel spraying is assessed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zinc Silicate coating, as well as its thickness, were investigated. . Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), surface roughness, and co-efficient of friction were used to investigate the coating's corrosion behaviour. From the perspectives of powder qualities and process parameters, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of coatings was explored. When compared to uncoated materials, experimental results revealed that the microstructure of the coating was noticeable, and the wear properties are also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the performance of the compound casting, the corrosion-wear behaviour of a Zinc Silicate coating on the surface of IS 2062 Grade B Carbon Steel using high velocity oxygen fuel spraying is assessed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zinc Silicate coating, as well as its thickness, were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), surface roughness, and co-efficient of friction were used to investigate the coating's corrosion behaviour. From the perspectives of powder qualities and process parameters, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of coatings was explored. When compared to uncoated materials, experimental results revealed that the microstructure of the coating was noticeable, and the wear properties are also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the performance of the compound casting, the corrosion-wear behaviour of a Zinc Silicate coating on the surface of IS 2062 Grade B Carbon Steel using high velocity oxygen fuel spraying is assessed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zinc Silicate coating, as well as its thickness, were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), surface roughness, and co-efficient of friction were used to investigate the coating's corrosion behaviour. From the perspectives of powder qualities and process parameters, the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of coatings was explored. When compared to uncoated materials, experimental results revealed that the microstructure of the coating was noticeable, and the wear properties are also improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel, a widely used abiotic surface in the food processing industry, was investigated by focusing on the attachment tendency and behavior of L. monocytogenes 08-5578 on eight different stainless steel surfaces: glass bead blasted (rough and fine), deburred (Timesaver), drum deburred, pickled, pickled and drum polished, electrolytic polished, and cold rolled (untreated control). The aim was to see whether there are finishes with significantly lower bacterial attachment. Surface roughness data (measured via four roughness parameters), determined by interferometry, was also compared with the number of adhering cells to detect possible correlations. Cultivation of L. monocytogenes biofilms was carried out using a CDC biofilm reactor with 1% tryptic soy broth set at 20°C for 4, 8, and 24 h. In addition, a cultivation trial was run with continuous nutrient flow (1% tryptic soy broth, 6.2 mL/min) for 24 h. Eight-hour results showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in biofilm cell counts in biofilms between the glass bead–blasted surfaces (3.23 and 3.26 log CFU/cm2 for the fine and rough, respectively) and deburred (Timesaver) surface (2.57 log CFU/cm2), between drum deburred and deburred (Timesaver) surface (3.41 versus 2.57 log CFU/cm2), and between drum deburred and pickled surface (3.41 versus 2.77 log CFU/cm2). Data gained after 4-h, 24-h, and 24-h plus an additional 24-h continuous flow cultivation showed no significant difference in attachment among surfaces. No correlation between roughness data and attachment was found after all four incubation times, suggesting that roughness values, at these ranges, are insufficient in determining the surfaces' affinity to bacteria. Overall, this study suggests that roughness values cannot be used to predict the degree of L. monocytogenes attachment to a specific stainless steel surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mn-based oxides were acquired by calcining the precursors of MnCl 2.4H 2 O, MnCO 3 , MnO 2 , and KMnO 4. • The phase formation was influenced by the temperatures (400–1000 °C) and precursors. • The obtained phases were analyzed for their thermal and spectroscopic properties. • The nanostone was seen in the form of Mn 3 O 4 , while the nanorod-like shape was observed in Mn 2 O 3. • The Mn 3 O 4 phase exhibited a high NIR reflectance of 68 % in the solar region and 91 % in the color region. We examined how different calcination temperatures and precursors affect the formation of Mn-based oxides. The formation of these oxides was influenced by both the temperature (400–––1000 °C) and the type of precursors used (MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, MnCO 3 , MnO 2 , and KMnO 4). When MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O was calcined at 800 and 1000 °C/3h, we obtained pure tetragonal Mn 3 O 4 phase materials. Calcining MnCO 3 at 600 and 1000 °C resulted in cubic Mn 2 O 3 and tetragonal Mn 3 O 4 phase materials, respectively. Heating commercial MnO 2 powder at 600 and 800 °C transformed it into cubic Mn 2 O 3 phase materials. At 400 °C, the tetragonal MnO 2 phase remained, but at 1000 °C, mixed Mn 3 O 4 and Mn 2 O 3 phases formed. Calcining KMnO 4 at 1000 °C/3h led to the formation of δ-MnO 2 materials. The morphological features of Mn 2 O 3 and Mn 3 O 4 materials exhibited different sizes and shapes, including nanostone-like, nanorod-like, and nanoflakes morphologies. The thermal analysis revealed significant differences in weight loss and thermal events, including exo and endothermic peaks. The Raman spectra and UV–Vis DRS measurements data support the formation of Mn-based oxides. The highest NIR reflectance for the various synthesized materials of Mn 3 O 4 phase indicates a reflectance of 68 % in the solar region and 91 % in the color pigment region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video surveillance provides for the safety of the people in the public environment by monitoring unusual events. This system only monitors the scenario but don't detect the suspicious events occur and not to prevents unusual activities. Hence, this system is essential to upgrade and adapt the intelligent techniques that automatically track and detect the suspicious loitering person in the surveillance. The aim of this paper is to propose a technique for loitering detection based on the contour features and contour-based tracking method. First, foreground objects are segmented using the frame difference method. Identify the static objects from detected objects and thereby compute the centroid using image moments. The frame threshold detects the loitering person by tracking the trajectory of the centroid coordinates through a certain period of time. The benchmark dataset and the real-time own dataset videos are utilized for testing to evaluate the efficiency of the system. The experimental result shows that the proposed method archives high detection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion estimation and motion compensation techniques are effectively used for removing temporal redundancy between adjacent frames during video compression, but video quality will be degraded with the traditional pixel-based matching algorithms. To overcome this issue, diamond adaptive rood pattern search algorithm-based block-matching motion estimation algorithms are proposed in this manuscript for multi-stranded codec hardware design, which provide a high compression rate with less computational complexity. In this work, a diamond adaptive rood pattern search algorithm is used, which is a combination of a diamond-search algorithm and adaptive rood pattern search. In addition, the proposed algorithm applies multiple search strategies and terminates unnecessary searching while reserving high data regularity. The proposed diamond adaptive rood pattern search algorithm-based block-matching motion estimation algorithm for multi-stranded codec hardware design provides good performance in terms of complex calculations reduction and reaches a high speed in comparison to traditional search algorithms. The proposed architecture is implemented in Xilinx ISE design 14.5 suite and the implemented results are compared to the existing motion estimation techniques on field-programmable gate array devices. Simulation results shows that the diamond adaptive rood pattern search algorithm for multi-stranded codec hardware design provides a very good improvement in terms of computations overhead reduction, with 96.4%, 97.3% latency and 98.7% throughput and achieves a high compression rate without video quality degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present study, two dissimilar aluminum alloys of AA5052-H32 and AA6061-T6 were joined in butt joint configuration to examine the influence of process parameter on tensile strength and microstructural examination. Tool profiles such as square, cylinder, triangle with welding speeds like 30, 60, 80 mm/min and tool rotational speeds such as 800, 950, 1100 rpm were selected as process parameters for friction stir welding. Among the various tool profiles, square pin profile produced good pulsating action of 60 pulses and having max SV/DV ratio of 2.3 which helped to produce higher tensile strength. Microstructural examination on the nugget zone revealed that higher welding speed causes some cracks in the nugget zone due to insufficient stirring of the materials. Microhardness examination reveals that HAZ of both zones exhibited lower hardness on both sides. Nugget zone at centre was measured with increased hardness than BM of AA5052 and lower than AA6061. SEM fractography revealed that the specimens were failed in ductile mode and specimens failed at higher tensile strength observed with high ductility. Taguchi optimization technique has been implemented and the process parameters combination was optimized for higher tensile strength. The dissimilar joints fabricated at optimized process parameters produced maximum tensile strength of 181 MPa are as follows: Tool Profile—Square, Tool-Rotational Speed—1100 rpm and Welding speed—60 mm/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) plays a vital role in high voltage industries because of its high rating power conversion. Due to its usage in high voltage rating power conversion and switched capacitor usage in MMC structure, there arises a problem of unbalanced capacitor voltage, which causes circulating current and disturbance in output current regulation. To manage these problematic parameters, a FOPID (Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative) controller has been utilized, due to its dynamic tracking and fast response. Secondly, the gain values of FOPID are not efficient, and they are optimized for each control group at all times of MMC working conditions. To provide a dynamic gain value by considering the dynamic change of error tracking parameters, Wild Spider Foraging Optimization (WSFO) algorithm has been developed based on the foraging behaviour of wild spider searching food (gain values) in view of changing the error of tracking parameters. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated in MATLAB Simulink by modeling the MMC structure with FOPID controller. The parameters of FOPID are optimized by bio-inspired algorithms like WSFO, Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The outcomes of the proposed WSFO-FOPID provide minimum circulating current and effectively balance the capacitor voltage in MMC. When the effectiveness of the results has been verified with the existing ABC and PSO optimization approaches, the proposed algorithm outperforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software packages that meets the requirements of an organization should be appropriately investigated and evaluated. Picking up a wrong software package may adversely influence the business process and working function of an organization. Inappropriate software selection can turn out to be costly and it is a time-consuming decision-making process. This paper aims to provide a base for selecting the open source software packages based on analytic hierarchy process and technique for order preference similarity to ideal solution methodologies. In addition, the priority weights are generated and optimized by using teaching–learning based optimization approach. A well-organized algorithmic procedure is given in detail and a numerical example is examined to illustrate the validity and practicability of our proposed methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For two vertices u and v in a connected graph G , the signal distance d SD (u , v) from u to v is defined by d SD (u , v) = min S { d (u , v) + ∑ w ∈ V (G) (deg w − 2) + (deg u − 1) + (deg v − 1) } , where S is a path connecting u and v , d (u , v) is the length of the path S and in the sum ∑ w ∈ V (G) runs over all the internal vertices between u and v in the path S. A path between the vertices u and v of length d SD (u , v) is called a u − v geosig path. A set S ⊆ V is called a signal set, if every vertex y in G lies on a geosig path joining a pair of vertices of S. The signal number sn (G) is the minimum order of a signal set of a graph G. An edge signal cover of G is a set S ⊆ V (G) such that every edge of G is contained in a geosig path joining some pair of vertices of S. The edge signal number sn 1 (G) of G is the minimum order of an edge signal cover and any edge signal cover of order sn 1 (G) is an edge signal basis of G. In this paper, we initiate a study on the edge signal number of a graph G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bio polymer based GLN gel electrolyte were prepared to replace liquid electrolyte. • Introduction of N, S and O contain additives include the GLN gel polymer electrolyte. • The organic additives made shift on TiO 2 surface. • GLN gel polymer electrolyte with additives enhances the efficiency of 5.8% in DSSCs. A new sequence of GLN gel polymer electrolytes incorporated with KI/I 2 redox pair and inexpensive organic additives were prepared. Five dissimilar N, O, and S containing organic compounds were used as additives for the application of DSSCs. The assimilation of organic additives into the GLN gel polymer electrolytes is confirmed by FTIR, DSC, XRD, UV–visible and SEM analyses. EIS analysis reveals that there is an increment in the conductivity up to 2.93X10-5 S/cm for SAA organic additive integrated gel polymer electrolyte than other organic additives. This is owing to more electrons donating nature of the SAA molecule which consists of N, S and O atoms together in its structure. The EIS experiment exposes the interfacial study in DSSCs to elucidate the charge transport mechanisms at the interface of photo electrodes and electrolyte medium of the devices. The charge transfer studies show a lower R pt (685 Ω), higher R ct (1674 Ω) and C µ (5.702 X 10-6F) values for SAA integrated GLN gel polymer electrolyte. This confirms mitigation of recombination process between TiO 2 and I 3 - ions and also build a shift to Fermi level of TiO 2. DFT calculations also confirm the strength and mode of interaction of individual additives adsorbed on TiO 2 surfaces. The FMO analysis clearly reveals that functional groups play a vital role in the charge transfer process at interface materials. The N, O and S present in the SAA additive with GLN gel polymer electrolyte improves the PCE up to 5.8% under the sunlight illumination of 100mWcm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coating of fine particles by slime particles is inevitable in mechanized mining and transportation. These slime particles reduce the floatability and increase the ash content of clean coal. Ultrasonic pre-treatment method is used as a pre-treatment method to enhance the selectivity as well as kinetics of many minerals such as magnesite, complex sulphide ore, silica, coal, galena and zinc. However, the effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment time was not explored in literature and important for an energy intensive process. In the present investigation, ultrasonic pre-treatment time as well as reagent (collector and frother) dosages were optimized to achieve maximum clean coal yield. With ultrasonic pre-treatment, the clean coal yield increased for all the reagent dosages. Moreover, the clean coal yield obtained through ultrasonic pre-treatment is very close to the theoretical yield calculated from the release analysis. In the selectivity study, 8 unit increments in clean coal yield is observed with ultrasonic pre-treatment compared to the case without pre-treatment. Kinetic studies revealed that flotation rate increased from 0.026 to 0.049 s−1 with ultrasonic pre-treatment. Improvement in clean coal yield with ultrasonic pre-treatment is validated with the characterization studies such as XRD, zeta potential, petrographic and FTIR analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Series of Li 2 O loaded CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 composite aerogels were prepared using a sol-gel process followed by a supercritical drying method. The physical and chemical properties of as-prepared aerogels were studied using different characterization techniques. Based on alternating current (AC) impedance analysis, the best conducting 5 wt% Li 2 O loaded CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 composite aerogel with conductivity σ = 2.4 × 10−9 S cm−1 is studied as anode for lithium-ion battery application. The best conducting composite aerogel provides a reversible Li-storage capacity of 605 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 current density, which is more than the three-fold improved specific capacity of CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 having 182 mA h g−1. The addition of Li 2 O increases the charge carrier concentration and mobility of lithium-ions in the CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 composite aerogel matrix. Further, the Li-storage performance of 5 wt% Li 2 O loaded CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 composite aerogel is improved by increasing the electron-conducting super-P carbon (SPC) blending ratio from 70: 20: 10 to 40: 50: 10 between active material: SPC: binder during electrode preparation. It delivers a reversible specific capacity of 880 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 current density, and it reaches 98% coulombic efficiency over 50-cycles. The specific capacity and cyclability of Li 2 O loaded CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 aerogel are highly dependent on electrical conductivity. The improved electrochemical performance of CuFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 aerogel is obtained through the combined effects of Li-ion concentration (Li 2 O addition) as well as electron conducting (SPC) carbon additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukins and cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis of heterogeneous origin. Understanding the basics of the ocular immune privilege is a fulcrum to discern their specific role in diverse uveitis to potentially translate as therapeutic targets. This review attempts to cover these elements in uveitis of infectious, noninfectious and masquerade origin. Insights of the molecular targets in novel therapy along with the vision of future research are intriguing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in temperature, regulations of CO2 emissions, and the cost of conventional fuels forced the transportation industry to move towards the electrical energy sector. The increasing nature of electrification of transportation will increase the stress on the existing power system because of the charging of battery-based electric vehicles (EV). This paper briefly reviews the effect of electrification of transportation on the existing power system. The Lion's share of the EVs is battery-based, and these EVs extensively depend on Lithium. The Lithium is a non-renewable energy source just like fossil fuels, and reserves may last one day. The availability of Lithium reserves across the world and alternate for the grid-dependent EVs are illustrated in this paper. This paper also briefly discusses the fuel cell-based EVs, solar PV based EVs along with battery-based EVs and compare the battery with fuel cell. There is a significant need for research and development on grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles (GIHEV). From the last few years, the extensive part of the hybrid electric vehicles is making use of multi-input DC-DC converters to interface multiple sources to enhance the performance and reliability of the vehicle. Among different types of multi-input DC-DC converters, non-isolated multi-input DC-DC converters are best suited for low and medium power electric vehicle applications. This paper displays the synthesizing process of multi-input converters. Some of the existing efficient non-isolated multi-input high step-up DC-DC converter topologies are immensely discussed and compared. This review is intended to serve as a suitable guideline and reference for future work in the field of non-isolated multi-input high step-up DC-DC converter topologies for GIHEVs. • Effect of electrification of transportation on the existing power system. • Identified Lithium reserves in the world. • Fuel cell-powered electric vehicles and comparison of the battery with fuel cell. • The significance of grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles. • Non-isolated multi-input high step-up DC-DC converter topologies and comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on selection of optimum transesterification process parameters of linseed oil as a potential feedstock for bio-fuel production in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) obtained from the waste eggshells. The waste chicken eggshells were calcined at 900°C for 4 h and it was characterised by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The transesterification process was conducted according to L9 orthogonal array with selected input control parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst loading. The output parameters measured are the biodiesel yield and viscosity. The multi-objective decision-making technique called Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was used to identify the optimum transesterification process parameters to maximize the biodiesel yield and to minimize the biodiesel viscosity. The optimized values of transesterification process parameters are methanol to oil molar ratio of 8:1, a reaction temperature of 65⁰C and catalyst loading of 7 %w/w. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Line flow limit is one of the major challenges faced by electric utilities. The prevailing load conditions cause congestion in transmission line. A decisive control action is essential to relieve the congestion by allowing the power to flow in a different route in the same system. The rerouting of power is possible by controlling the generation at a bus or controlling the load in such a way that the power is rerouted through the other lines present in the power system. In this paper, an attempt has been made to relieve the congestion using a sensitivity based direct method and Genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization technique, wherein the power flows in the transmission lines are maintained within the security limits by using both generation shifting and load control. GA is used to calculate the amount of generation and load control required for congestion management in the system. The results of the sensitivity based direct method for congestion management are compared with the results of GA based congestion management technique by implementing both the proposed methods on IEEE 5 bus system and IEEE 30 bus systemwith a congested line. The effectiveness of each algorithm is also analyzed by applying the techniques on hardware of reduced order model of IEEE 5 bus system. It is found that GA based method is able to alleviate the overloads in transmission line more effectively than the direct method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Enabling a reliable and secure communication in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is one of the interesting and demanding research areas and these days, it is used in wide range of applications. The traditional works mainly aimed to improve the spectrum efficiency and bandwidth utilization of the CRN. Moreover, it focused on attack detection in the network for improving the reliability. Thus, this work intended to secure the CRN by considering the objectives of both attack detection and quality of service (QoS) improvement. For this purpose, an integrated digital signature and mutual authentication (IDsMA) mechanism is proposed in this paper, which incorporates the benefits of both security and reliability. Also, the Rivest‐Sharmir‐Adlemann (RSA) algorithm is utilized to encrypt and decrypt the data at the transmitter and receiver side. Here, the unique user ID is generated by the service eNodeB based on the hash function, which is validated at the server side for validating the authenticity of the user. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and relevant vector machine (RVM) techniques are utilized for optimal channel selection and attack classification. The simulation results evaluate the performance of the proposed technique by using various performance measures. Also, its superiority is proved by comparing the proposed technique with the existing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduction of novel back contact dye-sensitized solar cells. • Simple cost effective organic compounds. • Blended polymer electrolyte improves electrical conductivity. • Ti metal as back contact electrode based BC DSSC shows efficiency of 8.9%. A newly designed back contact dye-sensitized solar cells (BCDSSC) with back contact electrode (BCE) of Ti for electron collection, is placed on the side opposite to side of light irradiation on TiO 2 with synthesized organic compound doped poly (ethylene oxide)/poly (vinylidene fluoride)/potassium iodide/Iodine polymer electrolyte was introduced for the application of solar energy to electric energy conversion. The surface morphology of the polymer electrolyte study was carried out by SEM, XRD, DSC, DTA, TGA and it proves that the synthesized organic compounds enhances the amorphous nature of the polymer due to well coordinate with redox couple. The movement of I−/I 3 − characterized with UV–vis spectroscopy proves of organic compound with Iodine in the redox couple to decrease the sublimation of iodine. The conductivity of polymer/potassium iodide/iodine/organic compound shows high conductivity of 4.9 × 10−4 S cm−1 and it confirms that the importance of synthesized organic compounds in polymer electrolyte. The TiO 2 /Ti (BCE)/N3dye/PEO/PVdF/Potassium iodide/Iodine/PDSD/Pt compounds yielded an efficiency of 8.9% under illumination of 70 mW cm−2 at A.M. 1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V, E) be a undirected, finite, simple graph. A subset D of V is said to be dominating set if for every v in V – D there exists u in D such that u and v are adjacent. A dominating set D is said to be connected dominating set if < D > has connected. We introduce the concept of chromatic connected dominating set. A subset D of V is said to be chromatic connected dominating set if D is a connected dominating set and χ(< D >) = χ(G), where χ(G) is a chromatic number of G. The minimum cardinality of chromatic connected dominating set of a graph G is called a chromatic connected domination number and is denoted by γcc (G). We find the chromatic connected domination number for some standard graphs and characterize the graph for γcc (G) = 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V, E) be a simple, finite and undirected graph and without isolated vertex. A set D ⊆ V is said to be chromatic total dominating set of G if D is a total dominating set and χ() = χ(G). The minimum cardinality of a chromatic total dominating set of G is called the chromatic total domination number of G and is denoted by γtch(G). In this paper, we discuss the chromatic total domination number for standard graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The present work aims to synthesize CdO Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite and to study its visible light activated photocatalytic performance against metanil yellow dye. Precipitation method was employed to synthesize pure CdO, Al 2 O 3 and CdO Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Diffraction peaks related to cubic CdO and monoclinic θ-Al 2 O 3 were observed in the XRD pattern of the composite. XPS spectrum confirmed the presence of Cd, Al and O in the composite. Peaks related to Cd O and O Al O bonds were observed from the FTIR spectrum of the composite. Photocatalytic activity confirmed that the CdO Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite exhibits a maximum degradation efficiency of 82.09% against MY dye which was found to be better than pure CdO and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles due to the synergistic effect, high surface area and the formation of p-n junction at the interface of CdO and Al 2 O 3. The CdO Al 2 O 3 composite catalyst synthesized via precipitation method seems to be more stable and definitely it will be a potential candidate in photocatalysis related field. Highlights • CdO, Al 2 O 3 and CdO Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite was synthesized by precipitation method. • The composite catalyst exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity. • Photocatalytic activity was performed against MY dye. • The composite catalyst was found to be more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The as-precipitated product of the Mn 3 O 4 phase with spherical-shaped aggregates with rod-shaped morphology crystallized in tetragonal symmetry with space group, I 4 1 / amd (141): Phase formation (left), Morphology (centre), and NIR pigmentation (right). [Display omitted] A simple precipitation synthesis of Mn 3 O 4 phase with average crystalline size of 27.8 nm in the form of as-precipitated product crystallized in tetragonal symmetry, space group, I 4 1 / amd (1 4 1) with the lattice parameters of a = 0.5761(3) nm and c = 0.9451(6) nm. The rod-shaped (diameter of ∼ 400 nm) morphology with a spherical particle size of ∼ 50 nm is observed for the as-precipitated product. A weight loss of ∼ 4% is noted for the as-precipitated product powder up to 1000 °C with neither exothermic nor endothermic peaks in the thermal profiles. The UV–Vis absorbance spectrum reveals an absorption edge at 550 nm, which is due to optical band gap absorption with a calculated band gap (E g) of 1.95 eV from the Tauc plot. The NIR (750 – 2500 nm) spectrum shows the NIR reflectance of 27–66 % and 50–69 % in the solar and color pigment regions, respectively. As a result, the present obtained Mn 3 O 4 powder can be used in the color pigmentation industry. The Raman reveals a dominant peak at ∼ 652 cm−1 and two minor peaks at 315 and 369 cm−1 are due to A 1g , E g , and T 2g Raman active modes of tetragonal Mn 3 O 4 phase materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • To identify the CaWO 4 phase, several attempts were taken through solid-state reaction and ball milling method under wet and dry conditions. • Upon ball-milling of the reaction mixtures under wet conditions (ethanol and/or water as solvent) showed no indication of CaWO 4 phase, whereas different quantities of reaction mixtures ball milled under dry conditions revealed the CaWO 4 phase. • Subsequent annealing of the wet conditions ball-milled powder at 850 °C yielded mixed phases of CaWO 4 and WO 3 in contrast to solid-state reaction method which yielded CaWO 4 phase at 850 °C. • Agglomeration of spherical-shaped morphologies is seen in the CaWO 4 phase materials obtained via ball milling method, whereas solid-state reaction method obtained CaWO 4 materials revealed dense microstructures. • The higher (∼90%) NIR reflectance of CaWO 4 materials obtained by solid-state reaction method guarantying it for solar reflecting roof and color pigmentation applications. We have attempted to synthesize the CaWO 4 phase materials under varied conditions and report their experimental findings related to phase identification and its different properties. While the solid state reaction requires a high temperature of 850 °C to form CaWO 4 phase, ball milling of the reaction mixture under different processing conditions yields different results that are quite interesting and debatable. The different quantities of reaction mixtures ball milled under the dry condition exhibit CaWO 4 phase. On the other hand, ball milling of the reaction mixtures under wet conditions using ethanol and/or water as solvent show WO 3 as the main phase with broader XRD reflections. Subsequent annealing of the ball-milled powder at 850 °C yields major CaWO 4 phase and WO 3 as secondary phase in contrast to the solid state reaction. The optical properties of pure CaWO 4 phase materials were examined by different spectroscopic techniques. The stress developed by ball milling of the reaction mixture remarkably reduces the NIR features of the as-milled CaWO 4 phase powder. The higher (∼90%) NIR reflectance of CaWO 4 phase materials obtained by SSR method guarantying it for solar reflecting roof and color pigmentation applications. An agglomeration of spherical-shaped fine particles (ball milling method) is different from solid state reaction method formed CaWO 4 phase having dense microstructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium chloride is an essential ingredient in meat products, where it is not only used as a flavoring agent but also to achieve desired textural properties and as an antimicrobial to improve its safety and extend shelf-life. Although NaCl plays this multi-functional role in meat products, excessive sodium intake is linked to various negative health consequences such as cardiovascular disease and obesity. Sodium chloride added to ready-to-eat meat products is the largest contributor of sodium. Thus, there is an increased interest in the development of meat products with reduced sodium levels. Strategies to reduce sodium include identification of alternatives to sodium, considering safety and functionality, and including technological innovations and alternative food processing strategies. Several studies have shown that high pressure processing (HPP) can partially compensate for the loss in functional and sensory properties of meat products as a result of NaCl reduction. This review summarizes these studies to date and will highlight the ability of HPP to enhance the safety, shelf-life and quality of sodium-reduced meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intralenticular abscess is a very rare entity that occurs after trauma, cataract surgeries, or as metastatic infection. It is important to pinpoint this sequestrated infection and to evacuate the abscess surgically to prevent chronic endophthalmitis. In this report, we describe a case of posttraumatic lenticular abscess highlighting the characteristic clinical features and their management. Additionally, here we report the first time use of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography as a diagnostic tool in delineating lens abscess from traumatic cataract which further guide the management and prognosis of the case. Traumatic intralenticular abscess (TILA)—What is so different? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perovskite Sr1-xHoxCoO3-δ shows room temperature ferromagnetism (Tc∼335 K) in a severely limited composition range 0.2<=x<=0.25. The formal Co valence is almost constant at +3 regardless of the Ho concentration (x>=0.2); thus, the high-spin state or the intermediate spin state of 3d6 Co should be mainly responsible for the magnetism. The ferromagnetism was found to accompany the formation of a superstructure 2ap×2ap×4ap (ap denotes a cubic perovskite cell). Besides, an additional superstructure 4(2ap)×4(2ap)×(4ap) was found at x=0.225, where the ferromagnetic volume in magnetic susceptibility was largest. The data suggest that the formation of the multiple superstructures probably plays a key role to establish the peculiar ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Sr2Cu(Re0.69-xWxCa0.31)O6 samples with x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, which were prepared by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis technique. These phases had ordered cubic perovskite structures. The pristine compound (x=0) underwent a ferromagnetic (ferrimagnetic) transition with TC∼460 K. The ferromagnetism was suppressed by the W substitution and disappears almost completely for x=0.6. Mechanism of the suppression of the magnetism is discussed assuming a localized electron system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully synthesized a 1212-type niobio-cuprate with an ideal formula of NbSr2YCu2O8 by high-pressure and high temperature method. The phase-pure sample was obtained by Nb-poor Cu-rich starting composition, Nb0.9Sr2YCu2.1O7.9, at 6 GPa and 1450 °C for 2 h. The 1212-type niobio-cuprate has tetragonal lattices of a=3.853(1) Å and c=11.547(1) Å (space group P4/mmm), isostructural to Ru–1212Y phase. From magnetic measurements, it was found that superconductivity and weak ferromagnetism coexisted below ∼17 K in the Nb0.9Sr2YCu2.1O7.9 sample, although the superconducting volume fraction is still very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feature selection is the process of identifying and removing many irrelevant and redundant features. Irrelevant features, along with redundant features, severely affect the accuracy of the learning machines. In high dimensional space finding clusters of data objects is challenging due to the curse of dimensionality. When the dimensionality increases, data in the irrelevant dimensions may produce much noise. And also, time complexity is the major issues in existing approach. In order to rectify these issues our proposed method made use of efficient feature subset selection in high dimensional data. Here we are considering the input dataset is the high dimensional micro array dataset. Initially, we have to select the optimal features so that our proposed technique employed Modified Social Spider Optimization (MSSO) algorithm. Here the traditional Social Spider Optimization is modified with the help of fruit fly optimization algorithm. Next the selected features are the input for the classifier. Here the classification is performed using Optimized Radial basis Function based neural network (ORBFNN) technique to classify the micro array data as normal or abnormal data. The effectiveness of RBFNN is optimized by means of artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC). Experimental results indicate that the proposed classification framework have outperformed by having better accuracy for five benchmark dataset 93.66%, 97.09%, 98.66%, 98.28% and 98.93% which is minimum value when compared to the existing technique. The proposed method is executed in MATLAB platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses towards the development of an optimal secondary controller which could adapt with the varying system conditions to maintain the frequency and tieline power flow variations within the nominal value. For the analysis, a two area multi source system consisting of thermal, hydro and nuclear system in one area is interconnected with another area comprising of thermal and hydro system via parallel AC-DC links. On subjection to unit step load change in demand, the impact on frequency and tie-line power flow variations in multi source multi area is observed under MATLAB / Simulink environment. The fine tuning of frequency and tie-line power flow variations is achieved with the help of secondary controller. Optimal secondary Proportional Integral (PI) controller is chosen based on Zeigler Nichols' (ZN), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) tuning techniques. On subjection to different load variations at different intervals of time, ANFIS tuned PI controller has retained the frequency and tie-line power variations for a robust multi source multi area system interconnected via parallel AC-DC links in a much faster way to its nominal values than other methods. The performance of the controller is evaluated based on performance indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid and base mediated sol–gel process followed by supercritical extraction of ethanol used for the synthesis of lithium-ion doped nickel ferrite loaded silica composite aerogels using a high-temperature high-pressure autoclave. The physical-chemical properties of synthesized materials are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and DC-conductivity measurements. The conductivity results suggest that maximum electrical conductivity of 8.63 × 10 −9  Scm −1 is obtained for 4% Li 2 O doped 96%{10% NiFe 2 O 4  + 90% SiO 2 } composite aerogel due to Li + migration between grain-grain interface and electron hopping between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ . Further, the XRD result also confirms the formation of amorphous SiO 2 , Li 2 O with crystalline NiFe 2 O 4 composite aerogel. FTIR results confirm the bond formation through molecular vibration between Si-O-Si and Ni 2+ /Fe 3+ -O. FESEM micrographs reflect the three-dimensional, highly porous interconnected network formation of 4LNS composite aerogel. Aqueous supercapacitor performance of Li 2 O doped NiFe 2 O 4 –SiO 2 composite aerogels were examined in 1 molar CH 3 COONa, Na 2 SO 4 and NaOH electrolytes on respective potential regions of 0.5 to −1 V, 0.4 to −0.8 V and 0 to −1.0 V using three electrode systems. The Li 2 O addition improves the conductivity and hence improve the specific capacitance of SiO 2 and NiFe 2 O 4 –SiO 2 composite aerogels synergically within the potential window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effects of high pressure processing (HPP; 600 MPa for 3 min) and hot water (HW; 75°C for 15 min) pasteurization on the inactivation of inoculated Listeria monocytogenes, natural populations of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and coliforms in vacuum-packaged cooked sausages and their recovery during storage at 4 and 10°C for 35 days. Cooking sausages to an internal temperature of 72°C resulted in a >6-log reduction in numbers of inoculated L. monocytogenes. Storage at 4°C resulted in no significant difference (P > 0.05) in L. monocytogenes numbers in sausages pasteurized by either HPP or HW compared with unpasteurized control. However, at 10°C, L. monocytogenes numbers in unpasteurized control sausages increased to about 7 log CFU/g by day 35, whereas in HPP-pasteurized sausages, numbers remained below the detection limit for up to 21 days and then increased to 4.5 log CFU/g by day 35. HW pasteurization resulted in inhibition of L monocytogenes to below the detection limit throughout the 35-day storage at 10°C. Natural lactic acid bacteria populations were significantly reduced by HPP and HW pasteurization and continued to be significantly lower at the end of the 35-day storage. Unlike most studies that focus on HPP or HW treatment of postcooking surface contamination of meat with Listeria, this study examined the combined effect of cooking, HPP, and HW on raw meat with a high contamination level. This scenario is important in countries where raw meat supply and in-store refrigeration are a challenge. The results suggest that HPP and HW pasteurization could be used to successfully enhance the safety and shelf life of cooked sausages and that HW pasteurization (75°C) was more effective than HPP (600 MPa) to control L. monocytogenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the role of bioactive elements in inducing ferromagnetism in CdO nanopowder. CdO nanopowder was synthesized by a soft chemical method using aloe vera gel extract as solvent. XRD studies confirm the presence of diffraction peaks related to cubic crystal structure of CdO. Weak peaks related to the oxides of Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Ni and Mn were also observed. Nanosized grains were observed from the TEM image. EDX and XPS spectra confirm the presence of bioactive magnetic elements in the synthesized sample. Magnetic studies confirm that the paramagnetic nature of CdO becomes ferromagnetic due to the presence of magnetic ions in the aloe vera gel extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study bases attention on new similarity solution and new similarity reductions of Phi-four equation has been subjected to Lie's group theoretic method of infinitesimal transformation (Transformation from nonlinear PDE to nonlinear ODE) .Also produce another new similarity reduction of that equation obtained by direct method. To the best of our knowledge, we are first to obtain a new similarity solution is expressed in terms of trigonometric function and new similarity reductions are successfully reported. Therefore we reported Intermediate integrals of reduced ordinary differential equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, our comment concerns about the phase formation of CaWO 4 compound in short duration by high-energy ball milling method. The article by Cheng et al. [1] reported in the J. Alloys Compd. 581 (2013) 553–557 describes that the phase pure AWO 4 ; A = Ba, Sr, Ca compounds with scheelite structure can be produced by ball milling of the reaction mixtures at 300/450 rpm in short duration (10–30 minutes). This finding raises serious question about the pure phase formation of the AWO 4 structure under the condition employed by them. We have adopted a quite similar ball milling conditions of Cheng et al. to syntheses especially the CaWO 4 materials under different time durations (10 minutes −10 hours) by high-energy ball milling of the reaction mixture (CaCO 3 and WO 3 ) at 300 rpm. Based on the literature on ball milling of different oxide materials and from our present XRD results, we conclude that it is not possible to obtain the phase pure CaWO 4 materials by ball-milling of the reaction mixtures at 300 rpm in short duration (10–30 minutes). Even after ball milling for 10 hours, no formation of CaWO 4 phase is seen from our present XRD patterns. Subsequent annealing of the as-milled powders at high temperature may yield phase pure CaWO 4 materials. Our present XRD result is absolutely different from the report of Cheng et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Combination therapy of inhaled corticosteroid/long acting β 2 -agonist (ICS/LABA) is the cornerstone of managing asthmatics who are uncontrolled with low-medium dose of ICS. The novel ICS/LABA combination of fluticasone propionate and formoterol (flu/form) provides potent anti-inflammatory and rapid bronchodilatory effect. This randomized, multi-centre, double-blind study compared the efficacy and safety of flu/form (125/6 mcg BD; Maxiflo ® ) with the well-established budesonide/formoterol combination (bud/form 200/6 mcg BD), both delivered through a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) in patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma over 12 weeks. Methods This study enrolled patients between 18 and 65 years. The primary end-point was to demonstrate non-inferiority for the mean change in the pre-dose morning peak expiratory flow values (PEF). The secondary end-points included lung function assessments, number of symptom-free days and nights, rescue medication use, day-and night-time symptom scores and safety evaluation. Results Two hundred and thirty-two patients were randomized to either flu/form (n = 117) or bud/form (n = 115). At the end of 12 weeks, flu/form was non-inferior to bud/form with regards to the primary end-point of morning PEF (48.07 L/min vs. 49.03 L/min, p > 0.05). These improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) vs baseline. Similar improvements were observed between the two groups for secondary efficacy end-points including FEV 1 , symptom-free nights, rescue medication use, day-and night-time symptom scores (p > 0.05). Flu/form exhibited a safety profile comparable to that of bud/form. Conclusion Fluticasone/formoterol combination administered through a pMDI is as efficacious and well-tolerated as budesonide/formoterol and offers a new therapeutic option for patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biocatalyst was synthesized from Chinese broccoli, Cauliflower and Napa cabbage wastes. • Maximum biodiesel yield of 94.7% was achieved for biocatalyst impregnated with KOH. • BRNN neural network had better prediction results in biodiesel production. • Prediction of an ANN network is more precise than the response surface methodology. • Mixed waste cooking oil could be a predominant feedstock for biodiesel production. The present research aims to optimize the process parameters of biodiesel production from mixed waste cooking oil, consisting of sunflower and palm oil. The biocatalyst was synthesized from Chinese broccoli, Cauliflower and Napa cabbage vegetable wastes and potassium hydroxide-impregnated biocatalyst was synthesized through the incipient wet impregnation method. Artificial neural networks (Scaled Conjugate Gradient, Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg Marquardt Neural Network) and RSM-based central composite design are used to optimize the parameters in biodiesel production. The obtained predicted results from ANN and RSM models are compared with experimental results. The experimental results showed that biocatalyst impregnated with KOH has produced a maximum yield of 94.7 % at a reaction temperature of 60 °C, time of 120 min, catalyst loading of 7 wt%, 1:9 M ratio and 900 rpm stirrer speed. In addition, among the three algorithms of ANN, BRNN neural network had better prediction results in biodiesel production. At the same time, LMNN, and SCGNN are nearly similarly efficient on the other hand the BRNN model has lower error values. The ANN and CCD models have demonstrated lower RMSE and MAPE such as 0.001 to 0.018, and 3.22–4.37 % respectively, and high R2 values in the ranges of 0.97 to 0.99, indicating the excellent reliability of these two approaches for process optimization. Hence, the above study recommended a biocatalyst impregnated with KOH as a catalyst to achieve maximum biodiesel yield. Further, ANN and RSM techniques are suggested for biodiesel process optimization and yield prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the relative fate of the top six non-O157 shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and E. coli O157:H7 during the manufacture of dry fermented sausages (DFS). Three separate batches of sausages containing a five-strain cocktail for each serogroup and uninoculated control were manufactured and subjected to identical fermentation, maturation and dry curing conditions. Changes in physicochemical properties and inoculated STEC numbers were enumerated during the DFS production stages and log reduction and log reduction rates were calculated. Inoculation of very high concentrations (8 log CFU g − 1 ) of STEC in the sausage batter did not significantly ( P > 0.05) affect the changes in the pH, a w , moisture, protein, fat content compared to the uninoculated DFS. There was a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction in counts within the 48 h fermentation for all STEC serogroups inoculated by about 0.97- to 1.42-log units. However, during the sausage maturation stage, all serogroups except O121 and O45 showed a significant reduction in numbers. During the extended 34 day drying stage, all STEC serogroups showed a significant reduction in counts reaching a 5-log reduction within 20 to 27 days of drying. ANOVA of the log reduction rates revealed significant differences in the reduction rates among the STEC serogroups examined. During the fermentation stage, serogroup O45 had the highest reduction rate at 0.98-log CFU g − 1 day − 1 which was significantly higher compared to all other STEC serogroups ( P < 0.05), while O26 was the most tolerant to the conditions encountered during the fermentation stage with a reduction rate of 0.49-log CFU g − 1 day − 1 . However, during the extended 34 days drying stage all STEC serogroups showed a steady reduction in population with a reduction rate ranging from 0.11- to 0.18-log CFU g − 1 day − 1 . The log reduction rate of E. coli O157:H7 was similar to that of serogroups O111 and O103, but was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than all other STEC serogroups examined in the study. The log reduction rates of serogroups O121, O45, O145 and O26 during drying were not significantly different ( P > 0.05) from each other. These results indicate that the lethality of DFS production processes observed against E. coli O157:H7 would result in a similar inactivation of the top six non-O157 STEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stabilization of a single rotary inverted pendulum (SRIP) system is a benchmark nonlinear control problem. Inherent instability of SRIP in upright position and the presence of modelling uncertainty pose a challenge for control engineers. Sliding-mode control (SMC) is the most widely accepted robust control technique. Various versions of SMCs to stabilize SRIP have been reported in literature. Advantages of SMC come at the cost of chattering of input, which inhibits its usage in many practical applications. Several works have been done to reduce the chattering in SMC. Application of fuzzy logic in SMC to reduce chattering has been analysed extensively in the literature. Even though implementation of fuzzy SMC (FSMC) in theory/simulations completely eliminates chattering, practical implementation of FSMC does not reduce chattering to zero. In this paper, a filtered FSMC is proposed, which filters the high frequency component in the system input. Experimental results of SMC, FSMC and a fuzzy sliding-mode controller with filter (FSMCF) are given in this paper. Results indicate that filtering the output of FSMCF reduces the chattering effect in the system without affecting the closed loop dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel combustion synthesis of nanocrystalline MgFeO materials using hexamethylenetetramine as a fuel is reported. The properties and features of as-prepared MgFeO materials were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer, UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The as-prepared MgFeO materials crystallized in cubic spinel phase with an average crystalline of 26.34 and 21.54 nm for the samples obtained at pH = 1 and 10, respectively. It is evident from the room temperature (300 K) field (±15 kOe) dependence magnetization measurements that the saturation magnetization of the MgFeO materials is 25.86 emu/g and 9.98 emu/g for pH = 1 and 10, respectively. For the as-prepared MgFeO materials, the agglomeration of fine particles is seen through a micro-image under higher magnification. The FT-IR spectra reveal a typical metal-oxygen absorption band at ∼568 cm for the as-prepared MgFeO materials which suggest the intrinsic stretching vibration of the metal (Fe-O) at the tetrahedral site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceria nanoparticle is a well-known fuel borne additive for reducing the particulate emissions from diesel engines. Main challenges in the use of ceria nanoparticles are the lack of long-term dispersion stability in diesel and their effect on lubricity of diesel. The present work mainly focuses on synthesis of stable ceria nanoparticle diesel suspension and study on their lubricity. Ceria nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and nano fluids were prepared by two-step method. The optimum concentration of oleic acid (surfactant) was determined based on critical micelle concentration studies and concentration of ceria nanoparticle in diesel was varied from 5 to 25 ppm. Long term dispersion stability studies using Dynamic light scattering system and Turbidity meter shows 10 ppm as an optimum concentration of ceria nanoparticle in diesel for maximum stability. Tribological properties of modified diesel were studied by a standard pin on disk apparatus. The wear rate was found to be reduced for all the nano additive concentrations in diesel and was least for 15 ppm. Based on studies conducted, 10 ppm is reported as an optimum concentration of nanoparticle in diesel having both enhanced stability and lubricity as compared to other concentrations of ceria nanoparticles in diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanocrystalline SrFe O materials were prepared by a sol-gel auto-combustion method using different fuels such as citric acid, dextrose, aniline, and hexamine. The combustion product obtained from all the fuels except from that of aniline show a single phase of SrFe O materials upon annealing at 1000 C/2 h. The combustion product obtained from aniline as fuel shows SrFe O as the main phase with α-Fe O as impurity. No notable change in lattice parameters is observed due to variation in fuels for SrFe O materials. With a little change in the NIR relative reflectance (72-85 %) on fuels, the different SrFe O materials display high NIR reflectance in the wavelength range, 1500-2500 nm. The photoluminescence emission spectra of SrFe O materials reveal a broad emission peak at ∼350 nm which is reminiscent to the Ba-based hexaferrite, BaFe O . The FESEM images expose quite dissimilar morphology for the various fuels used in the synthesis of SrFe O materials. Hysteresis loops for all the nanocrystalline SrFe O materials observed under the applied field of ±1.5 T at room temperature exhibit hard ferromagnetic property. The SrFe O materials produced from glycine and aniline as fuels exhibit highest and lowest M values of 61.3 and 50.5 emu/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive review of various error compensation techniques for fixed-width multiplier design along with its applications. In this paper, we have studied different error compensation circuits and their complexities in the fixed-width multipliers. Further, we present the experimental results of error metrics, including normalized maximum absolute error , normalized mean error and normalized mean-square error to evaluate the accuracy of fixed-width multipliers. This survey is intended to serve as a suitable guideline and reference for future work in fixed-width multiplier design and its related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of of vertices in a graph is called a dominating set if every vertex of is adjacent to an element of . Further, if has an isolated vertex, then is called an isolate dominating set. The minimum cardinality of an isolate dominating set of a graph is called the isolate domination number, denoted by . This paper examines the effects of removal of an edge on the isolate domination number of a graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]