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This article addresses the results of an ethnography study on the cross-border experiences of Bolivian Aymara women in the Chilean territories of the Andean Triple-border (between Chile, Peru, and Bolivia). Its objective is to test the assumptions of the international literature on the relationship between gender inequalities, care, and migration. Its analytical focus is on the relationship between (1) the constitution of inequalities in the gender division of labor in the women's families and ethnic communities, (2) their productive and reproductive overloads, and (3) the articulation of female care chains that sustain cross-border mobilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the results of a case study on the experiences of violence that affect Bolivian migrants residing in Tarapacá, Chile. The research was carried out in 2019 and the objectives are: to understand how violence affects or alters the migration of those women and to investigate the level of knowledge about the Chilean and Bolivian institutions competent in the matter. The text is structured around three methodological strategies: a review of the state of the art of the debates on the relationship between gender, violence and migration; a documentary analysis of national and international legislation and, application of qualitative interviews to 10 migrants who suffered violence by their partners. Within the findings, we corroborate that gender violence indeed influences the decision to migrate of the interviewees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an ethnographic fieldwork in the rural territories of Mendoza made between 2009 and the present, in this work I analyze the way in which the territorial movements of labor migrants between different regions of Bolivia and some rural locations of this province, have given place to the construction of migratory territorialities. To that end, I first synthesize the territorial mobility that links both countries based on the migratory trajectories of Bolivian workers, and then I focus on the territories of permanent or transitory settlement of these migrants in some rural areas of Mendoza. I consider three empirical cases that are exemplary of these dynamics: Ugarteche (Lujan de Cuyo), Cordon del Plata (Tupungato) and 25 de Mayo (Maipu); locations that have in common an important presence of Bolivian migrants that articulate in certain segments of the labor market, mainly the agriculture. This approach will allow us to show the particularities assumed by the process of re-territorialization carried out by Bolivian migrants in these places, process in which they build unique territorialities, charged with objective attributes and subjective senses that mark their distinctiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to undertake a case study in order to inquire how racism appears in the discourses of Argentinean bosses about Bolivian migrants who live and work in a settlement where bricks are manufactured, located in the peri-urban zone of the city of Cordoba, Argentina. Assuming that discursive practices are constitutive and constituent of social facts, we develop an appropriate analytical framework for the study of everyday racism. Based on the analysis of ethnographic fieldwork records and news regarding Bolivian immigrants published in local graphic media, we address the ways in which racism is reproduced, bearing in mind the particular socio-historical context in which Bolivians were visualized as immigrant workers. We argue that the boss of the analyzed workplace and his close family use racist stereotypes and prejudices, thus justifying and naturalizing the assignation of Bolivian workers to tough and badly paid posts, as well as the precarious and informal conditions of the production process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Due to international migration, Chagas disease, endemic in Latin America, has become more common in non-endemic areas. Chronic Chagas disease can cause damage to the digestive system leading to constipation. However, a range of factors influences constipation and a better understanding of the role of non-Chagas related factors is required to improve management of Chagas-related digestive problems. This study explores perceptions of constipation and changes in food and exercise habits amongst Bolivians in Barcelona, Spain. Bolivian migrants attending the Tropical Medicine Unit (Hospital Clínic, Barcelona) were interviewed about their food habits in Spain and Bolivia, migratory experience, work and leisure activities. Chagas seropositive participants also received radiological examinations. Bolivian migrants experienced dietary changes, influenced by work-related factors, which included reductions in quantities of food and liquid consumed. Almost half the participants reported changes in digestive rhythm since arriving in Spain. Constipation, which was common, in some cases was only recounted during interviews. Bolivian migrants’ constipation may be associated with chronic Chagas disease or migration-related dietary changes. Careful questioning using the Rome III criteria is however required to ensure its diagnosis. Radiological studies are also required to confirm the role of Chagas disease and identify potentially serious intestinal damage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article examines the emotional and health impacts that immigration to Spain has on Bolivian families. We explore transnational preventive and healing activities deployed in Spain and Bolivia to allay emergent anxieties, frustrations and illnesses. Although undocumented migrants have access to a universal public health system, they adopt pluralistic approaches to healing, combining traditional and biomedical treatments. An understanding of these healing strategies requires attention to how emotions and their embodiment are experienced in the context of immigration. We propose a theoretical framework which draws upon a constructivist approach to emotions and expand its potential by linking it to influences of transnational lifestyles and bifocality. Preoccupation and sorrow are considered key etiological agents for many illnesses in the Andes and therefore migrants are particularly mindful about how their own suffering abroad affects vulnerable relatives in Bolivia. Communication between migrants and relatives is permeated by white lies, non-disclosure or blatant suppression of information about illnesses or personal difficulties. Migrants rely on particular relatives to access transnational healing methods, while simultaneously concealing information about their health from others. A migrant's health experiences are thus constrained not only by difficulties with the public health system but also by emotional considerations that span informal transnational networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]