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This study examined the determinants of foreign bank location decisions in Shanghai markets over the period of 1990 to 2009. The growing foreign presence in Shanghai was found to be related to two different policy regimes: Pudong development area foreign enterprise clustering period after China opened Pudong, and "deposit-loan-match principle" implementing period after China joined WTO. The current location pattern was found to be correlated to deposit potential in each district. It is evident that the foreign bank location decisions were influenced by those of domestic banks while the reverse did not hold. These findings provide a valuable platform for theoretical modeling and further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the distribution of mainstream financial institutions (FIs) branches (banks and credit unions) and payday lender outlets in Winnipeg. This is done using historical records for the last thirty years. With statistical testing the article considers whether mainstream FIs and payday loan outlets have a location bias that favours more affluent neighbourhoods at the expense of low-income communities. The results find that mainstream FI branches dropped slightly dur-ing the study period and dropped dramatically in Winnipeg's inner-city. Payday lender outlets first appeared in the late 1990s and experienced rapid growth in the mid 2000s. Statistical testing supported the hypothesis that poor neighbourhoods are underrepresented by mainstream FI branches and overburdened by payday lender outlets. Policy implications point to the need for a more holistic basic banking concept that includes an understanding of the importance of branch location and fringe bank regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a newly constructed data set of all U.S. state banks from 1782 to 1861. It contains the names and locations of all banks and branches that went into business and an estimate of when each operated. The compilation is based on reported balance sheets, listings in banknote reporters, and secondary sources. Based on these data, the article presents a count of the number of banks and branches in business by state. I argue that my series are superior to previously existing ones for reasons of consistency, accuracy, and timing. The article contains examples to support this argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Reserve Board Organization Committee decision to locate 12 Federal Reserve Banks is reviewed. Probability choice models estimate a city’s selection probability for a Federal Reserve Bank location. Results of predicted selections show reserve cities were selected for their spatial economic characteristics, including information contained in bankers’ preferences, infrastructure development, population and recent National Banking System growth, rather than Democratic Party politics. The Reserve Board Organization Committee placed Federal Reserve Banks in preeminent financial and commercial centers, and relied upon bankers’ preferences for the remaining non-obvious selections. Given 12 cities were to be selected, the conclusion drawn is the decision was in the public interest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]