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Let F (ν j) = { Q m j ν j , m j ∈ (m − ν j , m + ν j) } , j = 1 , 2 , be two Cauchy–Stieltjes Kernel (CSK) families induced by non-degenerate compactly supported probability measures ν 1 and ν 2 . Introduce the set of measures F = F (ν 1) ⊞ F (ν 2) = { Q m 1 ν 1 ⊞ Q m 2 ν 2 , m 1 ∈ (m − ν 1 , m + ν 1) a n d m 2 ∈ (m − ν 2 , m + ν 2) }. We show that if F remains a CSK family, (i.e., F = F (μ) where μ is a non-degenerate compactly supported measure), then the measures μ , ν 1 and ν 2 are of the Marchenko–Pastur type measure up to affinity. A similar conclusion is obtained if we substitute (in the definition of F) the additive free convolution ⊞ by the additive Boolean convolution ⊎. The cases where the additive free convolution ⊞ is replaced (in the definition of F) by the multiplicative free convolution ⊠ or the multiplicative Boolean convolution ⨃ are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several authors are interested in the study of limiting distributions for large symmetrical random matrices. Our approach of studying limiting distributions is different and is related to the new concept of variance functions of Cauchy–Stieltjes Kernel (CSK) families of probabilities. By means of the variance functions machinery, some novel limiting probability measures are provided involving the free multiplicative law of large numbers, using both free and Boolean (additive and multiplicative) convolutions. Several examples of these limiting probability measures are given in the context of free probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let K + (μ i) = { Q s i μ i , s i ∈ (m 0 μ i , m + μ i) } , i = 1 , 2 , be two CSK families generated by the nondegenerate probability measures μ 1 and μ 2 with support bounded from above. Define the set of measures L = K + (μ 1) • K + (μ 2) = { Q s 1 μ 1 • Q s 2 μ 2 , s 1 ∈ (m 0 μ 1 , m + μ 1) and s 2 ∈ (m 0 μ 2 , m + μ 2) } , where Q s 1 μ 1 • Q s 2 μ 2 denotes the Fermi convolution of Q s 1 μ 1 and Q s 2 μ 2 . We prove that if L is still a CSK family (that is, L = K + (σ) for some nondegenerate probability measure () σ), then the probability measures σ , μ 1 and μ 2 are of the free Poisson type and follow the free Poisson law up to affinity. The same result, regarding the free Poisson measure, is obtained if we consider the t-deformed free convolution t replacing the Fermi convolution • in the family of measures L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we provide some new limiting laws related to the free multiplicative law of large numbers and involving free and Boolean additive convolutions. Some examples of these limiting laws are presented within the framework of non-commutative probability theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A notion of generalized (two-parameterized) t-transformation of free convolution, also called (t = (a , b)) -deformed free convolution, is introduced for a ∈ R and b > 0 . In this article, some results of t -deformed free convolution are given within the theory of Cauchy-Stieltjes Kernel (CSK) families. The variance function is a fundamental concept in CSK families. An expression is provided for the variance function under t -deformed free convolution power. In addition, through the use of the variance function, an approximation is provided for members of the t -deformed free Gaussian CSK family and members of the t -deformed free Poisson CSK family respectively. Furthermore, by involving the free multiplicative convolution, a new limit theorem is provided with respect to t -deformed free convolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable construction and demolition waste management relies heavily on the attitudes and actions of its constituents; nevertheless, deep analysis for introducing the best estimator is rarely attained. The main objective of this study is to perform a comparison analysis among different approaches of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Construction and Demolition Waste Management (C&DWM) modeling based on an Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (Extended TPB). The introduced research model includes twelve latent variables, six independent variables, one mediator, three control variables, and one dependent variable. Maximum likelihood (ML), partial least square (PLS), and Bayesian estimators were considered in this study. The output of SEM with the Bayesian estimator was 85.8%, and among effectiveness of six main variables on C&DWM Behavioral (Depenmalaydent variables), five of them have significant relations. Meanwhile, the variation based on SEM with ML estimator was equal to 78.2%, and four correlations with dependent variable have significant relationship. At the conclusion, the R-square of SEM with the PLS estimator was equivalent to 73.4% and three correlations with the dependent variable had significant relationships. At the same time, the values of the three statistical indices include root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MPE), and mean absolute error (MSE) with involving Bayesian estimator are lower than both ML and PLS estimators. Therefore, compared to both PLS and ML, the predicted values of the Bayesian estimator are closer to the observed values. The lower values of MPE, RMSE, and MSE and the higher values of R-square will generate better goodness of fit for SEM with a Bayesian estimator. Moreover, the SEM with a Bayesian estimator revealed better data fit than both the PLS and ML estimators. The pattern shows that the relationship between research variables can change with different estimators. Hence, researchers using the SEM technique must carefully consider the primary estimator for their data analysis. The precaution is necessary because higher error means different regression coefficients in the research model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most used techniques for determining animal abundance is distance sampling. The distance sampling framework depends on the idea of a detection function, and a number of options have been suggested. In this paper, we provide a new flexible parametric model based on the Burr XII distribution. To be more specific, we use the survival function of the Burr XII distribution for novel purposes in this context. The proposed model is appealing because it meets all of the requirements for a reliable detection function model, such as being monotonically decreasing and having a shoulder at the origin. It also has the features of having various asymmetric properties and a heavy right tail, which are rare properties in this setting. In the first part, we provide its key characteristics, such as shapes and moments. Then, the inferential aspect of the model is investigated. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the parameters in a data-fitting scenario. The estimates of population abundance are derived and compared with some existing parametric estimates. A simulation is run to assess how well the resulting estimates perform in comparison to other widely applied estimates from the literature. The model is then tested using two real-world data sets. Based on the famous goodness-of-fit statistics, we show that it is preferable to some of the well-established models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of tree irrigation frequency on the vegetative growth and yield of two introduced olive cultivars (Olea europaea L. cvs. Koroneiki and Picholine). The trials took place in 2014. There were four different irrigation treatments, which were irrigating every other day (T0), every 4 days (T1), every 8 days (T2) and scheduling irrigation according to farmer experience (FM). Vegetative tree responses, such as shoot growth, basal diameter and number of leaves, were evaluated. Olive fruit morphological characteristics (olive length, olive diameter and weight) and yields were also determined. The vegetative growth of both cultivars was directly associated with water availability throughout the experiment. The Picholine cultivar had better growth-related parameters than Koroneiki. However, Picholine did not have an autumnal growth period. Furthermore, it only produced a significant yield under well irrigated conditions. Koroneiki tree yields were higher than Picholine yields for all irrigation frequencies. Irrigation treatment T2 had the most water depressive effect on the Koroneiki cultivar because a 50% reduction in the water supply reduced the yield by 43%. The olive characteristics of both cultivars were not affected by watering frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates that how the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the phylogenetic tree works. MLE is one of the most standard method of estimation among all the methods used in estimation. It is obligatory to find ML before finding the core value of the parameters which proceed to figure out the likelihood function. Scholars used the MLE frequently to prove the notion of species trees from gene trees inspired by the incomplete lineage sorting. They have traditionally used rooted genes tree to understand rooted species tree or unrooted genes tree to realize unrooted species tree. Depending upon the knowledge of the topology of unrooted gene tree, Allman et al. (2011) gave a notion to relate the rooted species tree from unrooted genes trees. This theory was helpful to acknowledge the features of the rooted specie tree. Allman et al. (2011) discovered for the first time that the roots of species tree are using unrooted specie tree as the input data without assuming an outgroup. When an appropriate outgroup is challenging and gene trees do not go with a molecular clock, this approach will be valuable. This study follows the MLE method to compute the maximum value of the correct tree. In addition to that, this study will compare between using rooted gene trees and unrooted gene trees, both with and without DNA sequences, for different number taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article presents a microwave imaging method based on the time‐reversed finite‐difference time‐domain method (FDTD‐TR) that enhances immunity to undesired interference and jamming signals. The method uses random noise as the source waveform that illuminates the imaging area. Signals scattered by objects in the imaging area are collected on a planar grid, followed by processing through a correlation operation, and then used in the FDTD‐TR algorithm to construct images on any desired plane in the computational domain. The method capability in suppressing interference noise is demonstrated through successful reconstruction of images for a test case consisting of a dielectric object behind a wall. The method is compared to conventional FDTD‐TR methods that fail the same image reconstruction test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method for image reconstruction using the time-reversed finite-difference time-domain method (TR-FDTD) in severely noisy environments is presented. The proposed method combines crosscorrelation processing with TR-FDTD to successfully produce clear images even in the presence of large amount of noise in the captured signals. The method's capabilities are demonstrated through simulations and experiments in the x-band frequency region (8-12 GHz). Behind the wall imaging was used as a test case to validate the method. Numerical and experimental noise were added to corrupt the signals, and images were reconstructed with and without the added noise. The proposed method successfully produced clear images while the standard TR-FDTD method resulted in unrecognizable images. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed technique make it promising for applications including through-wall and buried-objects imaging in noisy environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal design with finite element model is often expensive in terms of computation time. The output space mapping technique allows benefiting both the rapidity of the analytical model and the accuracy of the finite element model. In this paper, a three-level output space-mapping technique is proposed to reduce the computation time. Three models having a different granularity and describing the same device are used jointly within the optimization process. Proposed strategy is applied for solving the optimal design problems of two electromagnetic devices. Results show that three-level output space mapping strategy allows saving a substantial computation time compared to the classical two-level output space-mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The optimization of electromagnetic devices by direct use of finite element models is computationally expensive. This paper presents two effective surrogate-assisted optimization algorithms: Output Space Mapping and Efficient Global Optimization which are employed with regard to a minimum number of finite element model evaluations. A parallel between the two algorithms is made through a single phase safety isolating transformer optimization problem using 3D finite element models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna design with single probe-feed is proposed for reduced surface waves applications. The circular polarization is achieved by embedding a narrow slot at the center of a circular patch with an intersecting angle of 45 degrees relative to the feed position. Simulation results using the IE3D software facility have shown the capability of achieving circular polarization with high polarization purity while maintaining the reduction of surface waves and lateral waves. The simplicity of the design, together with the circular polarization characteristics and surface wave reduction indicate that this new antenna design is a promising candidate for applications including large patch antenna arrays and high precision GPS receiving antennas. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2675–2679, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24699 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference 1 Alanzi AAR, Degnan JH (2021) Statistical inconsistency of the unrooted minimize deep coalescence criterion. The correct citation is: Alanzi ARA, Degnan JH (2021) Statistical inconsistency of the unrooted minimize deep coalescence criterion. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyzes the time to event data in the presence of collinearity. To address collinearity, the ridge regression estimator was applied in multiple and logistic regression as an alternative to the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), among others. It has a smaller mean square error (MSE) and is therefore more precise. This paper generalizes the approach to address collinearity in the frailty model, which is a random effect model for the time variable. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate its performance. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied on real life data taken from the largest sample survey of India, i.e., national family health survey (2005–2006) data to evaluate the association of different determinants on infant mortality in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose the exponentiated sine-generated family of distributions. Some important properties are demonstrated, such as the series representation of the probability density function, quantile function, moments, stress-strength reliability, and Rényi entropy. A particular member, called the exponentiated sine Weibull distribution, is highlighted; we analyze its skewness and kurtosis, moments, quantile function, residual mean and reversed mean residual life functions, order statistics, and extreme value distributions. Maximum likelihood estimation and Bayes estimation under the square error loss function are considered. Simulation studies are used to assess the techniques, and their performance gives satisfactory results as discussed by the mean square error, confidence intervals, and coverage probabilities of the estimates. The stress-strength reliability parameter of the exponentiated sine Weibull model is derived and estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation method. Also, nonparametric bootstrap techniques are used to approximate the confidence interval of the reliability parameter. A simulation is conducted to examine the mean square error, standard deviations, confidence intervals, and coverage probabilities of the reliability parameter. Finally, three real applications of the exponentiated sine Weibull model are provided. One of them considers stress-strength data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]