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Crude oil distillation (CDU) is a crucial unit in refinery plants for producing various crude oil cuts, such as naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, and Atm residue. This study used ASPEN HYSYS V11 software to examine the parameters that affect CDU efficiency in South Refinery Company /Iraq-Mishriff crude oil, like temperature, pressure, and flow rate. Optimization of these variables was applied to identify suitable values for separation products. The study reveals that the increased mass flow rate of crude oil to CDU increases the flow rates of naphtha, kerosene, and HGO. The study also examines the impact of the temperature of feed crude oil on CDU. Results show that the volume flow of products increases with increased temperature except the naphtha values decrease. The simulated liquid volume flow for the Naphtha value was 57.96 m³/h higher than the original data of 50.7 m³/h and the kerosene value was 49.24 m³/h lower than the plant value of 51.5 m³/h. The effect temperature was also studied, the volume of liquid flow is directly proportional to the increase in temperature of the crude oil, whether it was a TBP or ASTM blend. The refinery and simulated values were compared, and a satisfactory agreement between the simulated and real results was observed, with some clear differences in the LGO values. The cause of this difference may be the result of the changes during the laboratory tests, or Sampling strategies may affect the accuracy of ASTM D86 tests and laboratory results. Optimization is crucial for optimal operating conditions for efficient product production. Most plant data align with optimized conditions, except for some. For instance, the perfect temperature of crude oil in the distillation unit is 382 °C instead of 375 °C, and the better mass flow of LGO steam is 1431 kg/h rather than 1100 kg/h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crude oil is the significant contributor to the world's power supply now a day. The analysis of crude properties and optimization of crude oil separation process is an important aspect in the refineries due to the high energy cost and requirement for quality oil products. Simulation software is one of the best tools for a crude oil refinery. This can be used during the conceptual design as well as during the entire life span of the equipment's. Aspen HYSYS enables the simulation of very complex crude distillation systems in an easy manner. Four crude data's are taken for the simulation and are analyzed. The optimization can be done very easily together with the advanced process control tool that makes it profitable of the operation in real time. Energy analysis is also done for the system using Aspen energy analyzer. The goal is achieved using Aspen, which provides capability to design the entire process accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A desert daily exoatmospheric radiance model (DERM) based on a well-calibrated (reference) geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite visible sensor can be used to transfer the calibration to a (target) GEO sensor located at the same equatorial longitude location. The DERM is based on the reference GEO daily radiances observed over a single pseudoinvariant calibration site (PICS) being that the daily angular conditions are repeated annually for any historical or successive colocated GEO. The GEO-specific PICSs used in the study are first inspected using the well-calibrated Aqua-MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) exoatmospheric reflectances for stability. The Libyan Desert site was found to be stable within 1 % over ten years. The average clear-sky daily local-noon interannual variability based on Meteosat-9 0.65- μm top-of-atmosphere radiances over the Libyan Desert is 0.74 %, which implies that the combined surface and atmospheric column is invariant. A spectral band adjustment factor, based on Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography spectral radiances, is used to account for sensor spectral response function (SRF) differences between the reference and target GEO. The GEO reference calibration was based on the GEO/Aqua-MODIS ray-matched radiance intercalibration transfer technique. The reference Meteosat-9 DERM and ray-matched calibration consistency was within 0.4 % and 1.9 % for Meteosat-8 and Meteosat-7, respectively. Similarly, GOES-10 and GOES-15 were calibrated based on the GOES-11 DERM using the Sonoran Desert and were found to have a consistency within 1 % and 3 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Optimization in the chemical and petroleum industry is gaining increased interest because of its importance in maintaining product quality and enhancing production levels while improving profit margins. In this article, simulation of the atmospheric distillation unit of an existing petroleum refinery is carried out. Optimization was performed on the prepared simulation through the use of a sequential quadratic programming approach (SQP). The objective function consisted of energy minimization and production level maximization. The results obtained from optimization were implemented on the real process and it was demonstrated that the suggested changes increased overhead production levels and maintained product quality. Furthermore, a net economical balance between the increment of overhead products and the energy consumption showed an energy savings in the refinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]