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This study focuses on baryons that consists of one heavy quark and two light quarks. This paper explores the mass spectra of radial and excited states for all singly heavy baryons, employing the Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). In this model, we incorporated higher-order corrections, including second-order corrections in mass, specifically considering spin-dependent terms. This methodology enables a more accurate observation of the correct spin splitting order. We have determined important properties, including magnetic moment, transition magnetic moment, radiative decay width and strong decay width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, singly charm baryons Λ c , Σ c , Ξ c and Ω c have been studied. The known hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) has been subjected to an addition of second-order correction term to the mass in spin-dependent term. This has allowed to observe the expected spin-splitting in the correct order and modify the previous findings to a new level. All the other properties have been obtained ranging from magnetic moment to strong decay width along with the linearly observed Regge trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, high variability of body mass index (BMI) is known as a significant global health problem that can lead to many negative impacts on the cardiovascular system, including atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease. The current systematic review aims to elucidate the effect of variability in BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL, were searched. All related articles up to 10 June 2022, were obtained. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were reviewed. After screening abstracts and full texts, four articles were included in our study. In these four cohort studies, 7,038,873 participants from the USA and South Korea were involved. These articles generally considered the BMI and outcomes including cardiovascular disease, AF, and coronary heart disease. All these articles reported an association between the variability of BMI and increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Due to the negative impact of the high variability of BMI on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes, health policymakers and practitioners should pay more attention to the significant role of BMI in health problems and physicians might better check the variability of BMI visits to visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The current systematic review aimed to elucidate the effects of lipid variability on microvascular complication risk in diabetic patients. The lipid components studied were as follows: High-density lipoprotein (HDL), High-density lipoprotein (LDL), Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), and Remnant Cholesterol (RC). Method: We carried out a systematic search in multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS, up to October 2nd, 2023. After omitting the duplicates, we screened the title and abstract of the studies. Next, we retrieved and reviewed the full text of the remaining articles and included the ones that met our inclusion criteria in the study. Result: In this research, we examined seven studies, comprising six cohort studies and one cross-sectional study. This research was conducted in Hong Kong, China, Japan, Taiwan, Finland, and Italy. The publication years of these articles ranged from 2012 to 2022, and the duration of each study ranged from 5 to 14.3 years. The study group consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes aged between 45 and 84 years, with a diabetes history of 7 to 12 years. These studies have demonstrated that higher levels of LDL, HDL, and TG variability can have adverse effects on microvascular complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathic complications. TG and LDL variability were associated with the development of albuminuria and GFR decline. Additionally, reducing HDL levels showed a protective effect against microalbuminuria. However, other studies did not reveal an apparent relationship between lipid variations and microvascular complications, such as retinopathy. Current research lacks geographic and demographic diversity. Increased HDL, TG, and RC variability have been associated with several microvascular difficulties. Still, the pathogenic mechanism is not entirely known, and understanding how lipid variability affects microvascular disorders may lead to novel treatments. Furthermore, the current body of this research is restricted in its coverage. This field's lack of thorough investigations required a more extensive study and comprehensive effort. Conclusion: The relationship between lipid variation (LDL, HDL, and TG) (adverse effects) on microvascular complications, especially nephropathy and neuropathic (and maybe not retinopathy), is proven. Physicians and health policymakers should be highly vigilant to lipid variation in a general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of English as an international language and language of education has widely been recognized in the almost all parts of the world. In context of Pakistani education where low literacy rate has always been haunting, the quality of education is another issue, the difference between gender and rural, urban divide also put question mark on whole education system. A sample of 120 students was randomly selected from the list of students of Physical Education Departments (PED) belonging to public sector Universities. The data was collected through questionnaire and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Mean standard deviation and Ttest was used to test the hypotheses. It was found that English proficiency of learners living urban areas was better than learners having rural back ground. The role of teachers was dismal; however learners' attitude towards English proficiency was positive as they were cognizant to the importance of English and keen to learn English. Parents' role in urban area was encouraging than the parents in rural areas. Students' access to quality education and other basic facilities was less in rural area as compared to urban areas. Overall position of English proficiency was unsatisfactory keeping in view the standards of English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Oral care is an essential aspect of critical care nursing. However, no study has been published on oral care practice of Iranian and Asian nurses. The majority of published studies were conducted in western and European countries. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the nurses' opinions and practice about oral care in patients under mechanical ventilation. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 intensive care nurses from 6 intensive care units in the university hospitals of Iran. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was used to gather the data and charts of 45 patients were evaluated. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistical analysis are presented. Results: Oral care obtained the 7th rank in prority and a mean score of 5.7 on a scale of 1-10. More than 21% of subjects did not perform oral care in their usual duties. High load of writing tasks and personnel shortages were the major barriers to oral care. Only 20% of the patients' charts contained a report on oral care. Conclusions: Nurses did not consider oral care in intensive care patients as a high priority. This result highlights the need to continue education programs on oral care for improving the knowledge and attitude of intensive care nurses with respect to oral care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common kidney diseases, but its exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that recognize pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns, which can result in an inflammatory response. TLR4, TLR2, TLR5, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and TLR11 are essential in the pathogenesis of DN, according to recent evidence collected from both in vivo and in vitro studies. Studies have shown that TLR2 and TLR4 expression is higher in patients with renal failure and nephrotic diabetes. They also play critical roles in podocyte injury and inflammation caused by high glucose. TLR2 and TLR4 may be helpful therapeutic targets to prevent or delay DN in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, TLR7 may contribute to kidney damage in type 1 diabetes mellitus, whereas downregulation of TLR9 expression inhibits inflammation and apoptosis pathways associated with DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This in-vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the Shear bond strength using Admira Fusion Xtra, an alternative bonding adhesive, and conventional bonding adhesive. Materials and Method: Two hundred seventy sound human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into three groups (n=90) Group 1 (Transbond XT), Group 2 (Fusion Flow), and Group 3 (Fusion Xtra) based on adhesives used for bonding the orthodontic metal brackets. All the samples were stored in artificial saliva and subjected to SBS evaluation using a universal testing machine at a cross speed of 0.5 mm2/min. The failure mode was analyzed using Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Statistical analysis was done using an unpaired student t-test and one-way and 3-way ANOVA for the shear bond strength and the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney was performed for ARI scores (p<0.01). Result: The mean values of shear bond strength of Admira Fusion Xtra showed statistically significant differences between other evaluated groups (p<0.001). The lowest and highest shear bond strength was attributed to each group respectively. Statistically significant differences were noted in the mean ARI scores between Fusion Xtra and another evaluated group (p<0.01). Conclusion: Admira Fusion Xtra enhances the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets as compared to the Admira Fusion Flow and conventional orthodontic adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a widely known disease, which afflicts millions of people annually and is considered one of the leading culprits of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Researchers are making an enormous effort to propose more efficient remedies for the better amelioration of the disease. On the other hand, the public interest in the consumption of herbal medicine for therapeutic purposes is rocketing and the use of these drugs is becoming ubiquitous. Murraya koenigii MK is a tropical tree, originally found in the Indian subcontinent, which is an indispensable piece of the Indian diet and has multipotent medicinal capabilities. The variety of its leaves' hypoglycemic characteristics has been investigated via human, animal, and in vitro studies. This review intends to elaborate on the latest knowledge about the anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic effects of MK in the hope of easing the further application of MK in the alleviation of the diabetes signs and symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]