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Whether and how remitted clinical depression in postpartum motherhood contributes to poor infant adaptive functioning is inconclusive. The present longitudinal study examines adaptive functioning in infants of mothers diagnosed as clinically depressed at 5 months but remitted at 15 and 24 months. Fifty‐five U. S. mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and 132 mothers without postpartum depression completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales about their infants at 15 and 24 months. Between groups, mothers were equivalent in age, ethnicity, marital status, and receptive vocabulary (a proxy for verbal intelligence), and infants were equivalent in age and distribution of gender. Controlling for maternal education and parity, mothers with early, remitted clinical depression and mothers with no postpartum depression rated their infants similarly on communication, daily living skills, and socialization. Mothers with early, remitted clinical depression rated their infants poorer in motor skills. Girls were rated more advanced than boys in communication at 24 months and daily living skills at 15 and 24 months. Rated infant adaptive behavior skills increased from 15 to 24 months. With exceptions, adaptive functioning in infants may be robust to early, remitted maternal depression, and adaptive functioning presents a domain to promote positive development in this otherwise vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of the adaptivity of multi‐storey buildings for the urban area Demographic changes, a transforming labour market and economic volatility with different dominant industries require buildings that can adapt to changing user requirements. In order to increase resource efficiency, buildings must not only be optimised in terms of material use and energy consumption, but also designed for a long horizon of use. In order to be able to evaluate the adaptability of multi‐storey buildings to different forms of use, the research project "Adaptive building structures to increase the resource efficiency of multi‐storey buildings in urban areas" was carried out within the framework of the „Zukunft Bau" research initiative. In the following article, the motivation for the research project, an overview of the main aspects and the results are presented in a summarising form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adaptive skins and structures – from the work of the Collaborative Research Centre 1244 The "Great Acceleration" in world population, climate‐damaging emissions and water consumption poses major challenges for the whole of humanity. This is also relevant for the building sector. It is essentially in the future to build emission‐free for more people using less material. The way in which buildings are planned, built and inhabited must be rethought and reconceived. On the engineering side, this implies the strict and comprehensive application of lightweight strategies. In addition to classic lightweight strategies and the use of graded materials this includes the implementation of adaptive skins and structures. Adaptivity in this context means various rapid changes in the geometry, physical properties of components and thus also of buildings. Adaptation can be used to homogenise stress fields, reduce component deformations or change the building physical properties of components. All this not only reduces material requirements, but can also make a significant contribution to increasing user comfort. Seen in a broader perspective, adaptivity describes a holistic approach in which the adaptation of social, cultural and spatial experiences as well as architectural and planning procedures are closely linked to technological developments. Bringing these perspectives together is the SFB's claim to find holistic solutions for a future built environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a combined laying performance test, five commercial laying hen hybrids were examined in terms of the parameters performance, mortality, and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) at the testing stations Kitzingen (Bavaria/Germany) and Haus Düsse (North Rhine-Westphalia/Germany). The following hybrids were included in the study: Lohmann Brown Classic and Novogen Brown (brown egg layers), Lohmann Selected Leghorn Classic and Dekalb White (white egg layers), and the line Lohman Sandy producing tint-shell eggs. Pullets were reared at the testing station Kitzingen in a floor system. Results of 720 laying hens in 36 groups at the testing station Haus Düsse (small group housing system) and 2.976 layers at the testing station Kitzingen (barn system) were statistically evaluated over one laying period (21 to 72 weeks of age). Significant differences between the testing stations were detected in laying performance, feed conversion, and egg weight. However, considering biological performance characteristics, the effect of testing station was lower than the effect of breeding line. With the exception of mortality, differences between the breeding lines in all traits of performance as well as in the IOFC were statistically significant. Egg number per hen housed decreased in the following order: Dekalb White (337), Lohmann Selected Leghorn Classic (331), Lohmann Sandy (331), Novogen Brown (319), and Lohmann Brown Classic (315). Additionally, significant interactions between the effects of testing station and hybrid line were identified in egg number per hen day, egg mass production, feed intake per hen day, feed conversion and IOFC. Performance of white egg layers was similar for both testing stations. However, brown egg layers were not able to display their genetical potential within the barn system in Kitzingen (-29 eggs per hen housed). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: There is a need for standardized measures of infant temperament to strengthen current practices in prevention and early intervention. The present study provides Norwegian data on the Cameron‐Rice Infant Temperament Questionnaire (CRITQ; J.R. Cameron & D.C. Rice, 1986a), which comprises 46 items and is used within a U.S. health maintenance organization. The CRITQ was filled out by mothers and fathers at 6 and again at 12 months as part of a longitudinal study of mental health during the first years of life (the “Little in Norway” study, N = 1,041 families enrolled; V. Moe & L. Smith, 2010). Results showed that internal consistencies were comparable with U.S. data. The temperament dimensions of persistence, adaptability, and regularity had acceptable or close‐to‐acceptable reliabilities in the U.S. study as well as in this study, and also were unifactorial in confirmatory factor analysis. These dimensions are the focus in this article. Findings concerning parents’ differential ratings of their infants on the three dimensions are reported, as is the stability of parents’ ratings of temperament from 6 to 12 months. In addition, results on the relation between temperament and parenting stress are presented. The study suggests that temperamental adaptability, persistence, and regularity may be relevant when assessing infant behavior, and may be applied in systematic prevention trials for families with infants. The inclusion of concepts related to individual differences in response tendencies and regulatory efforts may broaden the understanding of parent—infant transactions, and thus enrich prevention and sensitizing interventions with the aim of assisting infants’ development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to various stressors, soldiers need a high level of social functioning. In those with ADHS, psychological problems and thus a disability for duty can result. Material and methods: Thirty-six German Armed Forces members with ADHS who presented themselves as outpatients or inpatients in the Army Hospitals of Hamburg and Berlin between 2005 and 2007 were evaluated retrospectively and compared with a control group. The adaptability during duty was defined based on five criteria and statistical correlations with psychological status and psychosocial risk factors of the soldiers were evaluated. Results: Of the soldiers with ADHS, 55.6% were able to continue their duty. Cumulative adaptability problems in the Army were significantly correlated with aggressive and dissocial symptoms and with partnership problems. The control group showed no correlations. Conclusions: The results show that adult ADHS does not automatically prevent a soldier from military duty and thus indicate that a differentiated judgement should be preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]