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Key Clinical Message: Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign soft tissue tumor and a form of genital stromal mesenchymal tumor that primarily affects the vulva. It could possibly affect the reproductive‐aged women's lower genital tract (vagina). Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor primarily affecting the vulva in reproductive‐aged women. We report a 67‐year‐old female complaining of a painless mass in her right vulva spreading to the right inguinal region over the past 2 years. The first clinical impression was a canal of Nuck hernia, diagnostic laparoscopy was planned to rule hernia out. The vulvar mass was excised, and a histopathology examination revealed Angiomyofibroblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is an uncommon disease with few literature reports, leading to the poor understanding of its diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative follow-up plans among gynecologists. Objective: To study the clinical and pathological features of vulvar AMFB and discuss its treatment and prognosis. Case Summary: The 3 cases were characterized by a gradually increasing painless mass in the vulva. Preoperative diagnosis was difficult and mainly depended on ultrasonic examination. Immunohistochemistry confirmed clear boundaries of AMFB. This condition could be completely cured by surgery, and the prognosis was good. Conclusion: The vulvar AMFB is a rare tumor that is frequently misdiagnosed before surgery. Ultrasound is preferred in auxiliary diagnosis, and surgery remains the best treatment, and long-term follow-up is necessary to avoid recurrence or other complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cellular angiofibroma (CA) is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor first described by Nucci et al. (Am J Surg Pathol 21:636–644, 1997. 10.1097/00000478-199706000-00002). It affects both men and women, although it is more common in middle-aged women. CA is well circumscribed and usually observed on the body surface, primarily in distal genital regions. Aggressive angiomyxoma and angiomyofibroblastoma are clinically and histologically similar; therefore, it may be necessary to distinguish between CA and these similar tumors. We present a rare case of CA, with atypical features, in the retroperitoneal space during pregnancy. Case presentation: The presence of a 130 mm tumor was detected in a 19-year-old woman. The tumor, located in the retroperitoneal space, was found during first pregnancy examination. At 16 weeks of gestation, the woman developed nausea and fever, and it was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis. After a few days, the amniotic membranes prematurely ruptured, leading to a miscarriage. The woman underwent a tumor resection, after miscarriage. This case presented with atypical features of CA. This included the young age of the patient, and presence of a tumor in the retroperitoneal space. Conclusion: In this case, the diagnosis of CA was difficult due to the rarity of the disease and its atypical clinical features. From this experience, we recommend that the discussion on the efficacy of surgical treatment and pregnancy outcomes should be done based on individual case, and not generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective： To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis procedure and treatment method of the patient with recurrent vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB)，and to improve the understanding of clinical doctors to this disease. Methods：The clinical data, imaging examination results, pathological examination results and immunohistochemical examination results of 1 patient with recurrent vulvar AMFB were collected； the above clinical data were analyzed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results：A 50-year-old female patient underwent excision of vulvar mass 5 years ago in the local hospital for a vulvar mass，the postoperative pathology suggested AMFB. The patient was now admitted to the hospital due to a 6-month self-reported vaginal mass and a high degree of suspicion of recurrence of AMFB. The gynecological examination suggested a swelling under the labia major on the left side, with complete skin surface, deep protrusion towards the rectum and unclear boundary with the bowel；the size of tumor was about 5. 0 cm×4. 0 cm×4. 0 cm，with regular shape, clear boundary，and poor activity，and there was no obvious tenderness，ulceration and skin lesion. Superficial ultrasound showed a slightly low anechoic light mass with a range of 5. 0 cm×4. 0 cm×4. 0 cm at the left labia major, in which multiple mass hyperechoics were observed. Color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI) showed visible blood flow signals in and around the labia major. Conclusion：Although recurrence and malignancy of AMFB are rare, postoperative follow-up of AMFB should be given high priority to reduce the recurrence and increase the cure rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign, usually small neoplasm typically constituted by spindle-shaped and epithelioid cells in a vascularized, myxoid-fibrous stromal background. It is most often seen in the superficial genitalia of female patients of reproductive age. However, various clinical and histologic features have been reported, including tumors in male patients, malignant transformation, extragenital sites, huge sizes, and a prominent lipomatous pattern. We report the clinical and pathologic features of one such tumor: a 23.5 cm lipomatous angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva in a 40-year-old female patient. We also discuss important diagnostic considerations when approaching such large tumors, particularly in the setting of a biopsy specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF), a rare benign vulvovaginal mesenchymal tumour, poses a diagnostic challenge due to histologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other vulvar mesenchymal tumours. Recently, MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion transcripts were reported in 5/5 AMFs; no other genetic alterations have been described to date. Herein, we sought to investigate the frequency of the MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion and the presence of other potential genetic alterations in a cohort of AMFs (n = 7, patient age range: 28–49 years). Tumours demonstrated classic morphologic features including alternating hypo/hypercellular areas, capillary channels surrounded by epithelioid/spindled tumour cells, and variable amounts of mature adipose tissue. reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion, performed in all seven cases, showed the fusion transcript in five of six cases (one case with technical failure). Two tumours, including the one lacking the fusion, were subjected to targeted next‐generation sequencing (104 genes) and a sarcoma fusion assay (28 genes); the fusion negative AMF also underwent RNA sequencing. No additional mutations, copy number alterations, or fusion genes were identified with the assays employed. We conclude that the majority of AMFs harbour recurrent MTG1‐CYP2E1 fusion transcripts and identification of this fusion may aid in the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The female genital tract angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour that mostly affects premenopausal women. Although it is most commonly seen in the vulvovaginal region, it has also been documented in the inguinosacral region, pelvis, and retroperitoneum (1,2). Patients usually present with indolent, painless swelling in the vulvovaginal region, or a pedunculated lesion on rare occasions. Those that appeared in the vulva were frequently misdiagnosed as Bartholin cysts. Leiomyoma is a differential in the vaginal area. AMFB must be recognised from aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) due to the latter's potential for recurrence with typical infiltrative boundaries. We discuss a case of a 46-year-old woman who had a slow-growing paravaginal swelling incidentally discovered during a total hysterectomy for leiomyoma five years prior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare benign myofibroblastic neoplasm which mainly occurs in the soft tissues of the pelvi-perineal region of females. Aim: To present an unusual case of angiomyofibroblastoma mimicking an inguinal hernia in a 62-year-old male. Material and methods: The patient was hospitalized with an irreducible, painless inguinal mass and surgical intervention for inguinal hernia was decided. The well-defined nodular mass was sent for histological examination. Results: Under microscope, proliferation of spindle and oval cells around thin-walled vessels was observed, being intermingled with mature adipocytes. We did not identify necrosis, haemorrhage, cytologic atypia or mitotic figures. The tumour cells displayed positivity for desmin, vimentin, CD34, oestrogen and progesterone receptors, a low Ki67 index and unusual nuclear positivity for c-theta (PKCθ). They were negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), S100, CD44, maspin, synaptophysin, DOG1 and CD117. The case was diagnosed as angiomyofibroblastoma, the main challenge being the differential diagnosis with aggressive angiomyxoma, which can present a similar histologic aspect and immunophenotype and recurs more frequently. No recurrences were observed 8 months after the surgery. Conclusions: Angiomyofibroblastoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of inguinal hernia. This is the fourteenth case of angiomyofibroblastoma diagnosed in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a mesenchymal tumor that affects mostly reproductive-age woman; very rare cases have been reported in men. An AMF is generally an asymptomatic mass that primarily arises in the vulvar region. The tumor grows slowly but becomes quite large. Case: A 29-year-old nulliparous woman was diagnosed with having an AMF that was asymptomatic and huge. The AMF distorted both labia. This case was managed with a total vulvectomy and by addressing the serious skin defect caused by this surgery. A "double-barreled" colostomy was performed to protect this patient from any potential stool-induced infection. After these procedures, she received negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) dressings for 2 months, and reconstructive surgery with full-thickness skin grafts from both thighs was then performed. The colostomy was closed once the skin defect was closed. Results: The reconstructive surgery was successful with no adverse outcomes. Conclusions: It is important to confirm AMF histopathologically. When AMF is suspected for a vulvar lesion, complete excision of this tumor is the treatment of choice. NPWT is an appropriate way to facilitate wound healing. In a limited-resource country, NPWT can be useful for patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) represents a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor with a predilection for the vulvovaginal region, which may be misdiagnosed as aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM). Herein, we report a case of a 20‐year‐old nulliparous Chinese woman with a unique pedunculated and polypoidal mass, which had been developing within the previous 6 months in the left labium majus, exhibiting the AAM clinical impression but diagnosed as AMF. The mass measured 18 × 10 × 6 cm, and contained diffuse ulcerated areas and purulent discharge. A complete excision of the mass was performed. There was no subsequent evidence of recurrence, according to a 13‐month follow‐up. As a rare benign vulvovaginal tumor, AMF can present on patients of an early reproductive age with rapidly growing, polypoidal pattern. The whole exon sequencing analysis revealed the genomic alterations, which may contribute to the occurrence of AMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of female genital angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF). Methods：Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 10 female genital AMF patients treated during January 2012 to October 2017, combined with related literatures, summarized their clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Results：The average onset age was (49.90±7.62) years old in 10 patients with AMF. The patients had no obvious clinical symptoms, and no specificity in imaging examination. Under the microscope, the cell-rich area and cell-sparse area were alternately distributed, the tumor tissue was composed of significantly small lumen, thin tube wall and dilated blood vessels which were surrounded by eosinophilic circular or fusiform tumor cells, and the tumor matrix was loose, edema and mucus like, and nuclear fission was rare. All the 10 patients underwent partial complete resection. 8 cases were followed up and the median follow-up time was 37 months. No recurrence occurred. Conclusions：There is no specificity in the clinical manifestation and imaging of AMF which occurs in female genital organs. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis mainly depends on the pathological features and immunohistochemistry. The surgical treatment is the main treatment and the prognosis is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 50-year-old woman (gravida 2, para 2) first noticed a small nodule in the right labium majus 2 years prior to the initial visit to the Hachinohe Red Cross Hospital (Hachinohe, Japan), which had gradually increased in size. On physical examination, a well-circumscribed, elastic, firm, goose egg-sized, subcutaneous mass protruding from the right labium majus was identified. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion was hypointense on T1-weighted images and was well-circumscribed, strongly enhanced and homogeneous on gadolinium-enhanced images, measuring 7.5x4 cm. The same tumor had measured 2.6 cm on an MRI performed 6 years earlier. Based on the clinical course and imaging findings, angiomyofibroblastoma was diagnosed and surgical resection of the tumor was performed. The tumor was well-circumscribed and highly vascular. The intraoperative blood loss was 70 ml. Histopathologically, the tumor cells were concentrated around blood vessels, were spindle-shaped to oval with mild atypia, and were positive for vimentin, desmin, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), CD-34, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, and negative for S-100. Based on these findings, the diagnosis of angiomyofibroblastoma was confirmed. Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor that occurs in the female external genitalia. Differentiation of this tumor from aggressive angiomyxoma, a fast-growing infiltrative malignancy that occurs in the same region, may be challenging. The diagnosis of angiomyofibroblastoma is usually based on the histopathological findings of the resected specimen. The present case is of value, as the angiomyofibroblastoma was successfully diagnosed preoperatively based on the clinical course and imaging findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipomatous angiomyofibroblastoma is extremely rare, with only 16 cases reported to date. We herein describe an additional case arising in the left vulvar region of a 49-year-old woman. The resected 5.3-cm yellowish tumor predominantly consisted of fat cells (85% of the tumor), together with medium- and small-sized vessels, multifocal fibrotic areas and pseudoangiomatous spaces. Spindle, rounded, and/or epithelioid tumor cells proliferated in a nest and/or cord-like pattern, or singly within perivascular fibrous tissues and between fat cells. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, B-cell lymphoma 2, and CD10, but were negative for desmin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, human melanoma black 45, C-kit and p40. Ultrastructural examination revealed that these tumor cells exhibited fibroblastic characteristics. Lipomatous angiomyofibroblastoma should be discriminated from other lipomatous tumors, including spindle cell lipoma, angiomyolipoma and cellular angiofibroma containing numerous fat cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of extratesticular tumors and tumor-like conditions can occur in the scrotum. Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, slow-growing, well-circumscribed mesenchymal tumor, found predominantly in women, and is even a more unusual occurrence in the male genital tract. We describe a case of a 64-year-old male presenting with a scrotal painless mass. On sonography, a well-circumscribed extratesticular mass was present. As no specific imaging findings were present, it was a surprise to learn that the subsequently excised mass proved to be an angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor. To the best of our knowledge, the sonographic appearance of this tumor in the scrotum has been reported previously in only one case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular angiofibroma represents a rare mesenchymal tumor. It is composed by spindle cells and prominent blood vessels. Most cases occur in middle-aged women and predominantly affects genital region with asymptomatic neoformations. The differential diagnosis includes a number of other mesenchymal lesions and it's performed by clinical and histological characteristics and immunohistochemical findings. We report a cellular angiofibroma case in the scrotal region, manifested as multiple pedunculated neoformations, treated with surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Angiomyofibroblastoma is a benign, rare mesenchymal tumor arising from the genital tract of both men and women and was first described by Fletcher and colleagues in 1992. The tumor needs to be distinguished from other, similar lesions, such as deep and superficial aggressive angiomyxoma and cellular angiofibroma, because aggressive angiomyxoma demands much more extensive treatment. The vast majority of angiomyofibroblastomas arise from the vulva and appear as solid cystic masses on ultrasound images.Case Presentation: We report a case of a 35-year-old Caucasian woman with an angiomyofibroblastoma arising from the vagina. She presented with a painless mass of about 5cm in diameter that had a rather homogeneous, hypoechoic appearance on ultrasound images. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass, which was subsequently diagnosed as angiomyofibroblastoma. We present sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings, intraoperative and histologic images, and a thorough review of the literature.Conclusions: In our opinion, ultrasonography is the most valuable tool to establish a preoperative diagnosis of this tumor entity, differentiate it from other lesions of the female genital tract, and plan surgery accordingly. Even though it is a rare tumor, gynecologists should be able to recognize it and to differentiate it from other tumor entities that demand more aggressive treatment. We describe a different sonographic appearance of this tumor than previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is a rare seen mesenchymal tumor that is categorized as a genital stromal tumor. It is commonly seen in the middle-aged women usually affecting the labia majora and rarely the vagina. A variant called AMFB-like tumors are also rarely seen in male patients. AMFB with its clinical presentation and location can be wrongly diagnosed as an aggressive angiomyxomas, bartholin cyst or lower genital tract lipomas. In the patients who are applying because of the vulvar mass, AMFB should not be forgotten for the pre-diagnosis. The treatment is generally simple surgical excision.In this case, AMFB was reported with a wrongly pre-diagnosis as a bartholin cyst to which a medical treatment had been given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal neoplasms of the vulvovaginal and inguinoscrotal regions are among the most diagnostically challenging specimens in the pathology laboratory owing largely to their unique intersection between general soft tissue tumors and relatively genital-specific mesenchymal tumors. Genital stromal tumors are a unique subset of soft tissue tumors encountered at this location, and this group includes fibroepithelial stromal polyp, superficial (cervicovaginal) myofibroblastoma, cellular angiofibroma, mammary-type myofibroblastoma, angiomyofibroblastoma and aggressive angiomyxoma. Aside from the striking morphologic and immunophenotypic similarity that is seen with these entities, there is evidence that a subset of genital stromal tumors may be linked genetically. This review will focus on simplifying this group of tumors and provide the pathologist or dermatopathologist with practical management information. Smooth muscle tumors of the external genitalia will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to increase the knowledge of angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF)-like tumors in males by describing the second case of this rare lesion in the Chinese population with a long period of follow-up and by reviewing the literature. AMF-like tumor is a rare, circumscribed, slow-growing mesenchymal tumor that occurs predominantly in the vulva, perineum and pelvis of females. The present report presents a case of left scrotal AMF-like tumor in a 37-year-old male. Complete surgical excision was performed. The tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells and small vessels proliferating in the edematous stroma. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells stained positive for smooth muscle actin and negative for S-100, CD34 and actin. Following seven years of follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and no evidence of tumor was found. In addition, the current literature was reviewed and the characteristics of this tumor were summarized. AMF-like tumors must also be distinguished from spindle cell lipoma, solitary fibrous tumor and aggressive angiomyxoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that arises in the pelviperial region. Case: A patient presented with a painless mass in the right vulva. Under the preoperative diagnosis of Bartholin cyst, she underwent a simple tumor excision. Pathological examination revealed an AMF. Immunohistochemical examination showed that tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, vimentin, and CD34. She has been with no evidence of local recurrence for ten months after surgery. Conclusion: AMF of the vulva is a distinctive mesenchymal tumor that is curable with a simple excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, benign and recently defined soft tissue tumor. It generally arises from superficial soft tissues, especially from mesenchymal cells in the subepithelial myxoid stromal zone of the vulvovaginal region. The tumor is usually positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor. We report a pregnant woman who developed vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma within 2 months. The tumor was negative for estrogen and progesterone receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the case of a huge pedunculated benign mesenchymal myxoid tumor that developed on the right labia majora of a 48-year-old-woman. The excised mass weighed 4534 g and was 23 cm in diameter; the cut surface was yellowish and elastic. Microscopic examination revealed spindle and plump oval tumor cells arranged with abundant capillary vessels in an edematous stroma. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor, but negative for α-smooth muscle actin, CD34, CD45, CD68, and S-100. Based on these features, the pathological diagnosis was angiomyofibroblastoma. A pedunculated angiomyofibroblastoma is extremely rare and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the biggest such tumor in terms of size and weight reported to date. It is especially important in such a huge mass greater than 10 cm that angiomyofibroblastoma is differentiated from aggressive angiomyxoma, which is a deeply invasive and recurrent neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The category of the "stromal tumors of the lower female genital tract" encompasses a wide spectrum of lesions with variable heterogeneity, which can be nosologically classified on the basis of their morphologic and immunohistochemical profiles as deep (aggressive) angiomyxoma (DAM), cellular angiofibroma (CAF), angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) or myofibroblastoma (MFB). Despite the differential diagnosis between these entities being usually straightforward, their increasingly recognized unusual morphological variants, along with the overlapping morphological and immunohistochemical features among these tumours, may raise serious differential diagnostic problems. Methods and Results: The data presented in the present paper have been retrieved from the entire published literature on the PubMed website about DAM, CAF, AFMB and MFB from 1984 to 2021. The selected articles are mainly represented by small-series, and, more rarely, single-case reports with unusual clinicopathologic features. The present review focuses on the diagnostic clues of the stromal tumours of the lower female genital tract to achieve a correct classification. The main clinicopathologic features of each single entity, emphasizing their differential diagnostic clues, are discussed and summarized in tables. Representative illustrations, including the unusual morphological variants, of each single tumour are also provided. Conclusion: Awareness by pathologists of the wide morphological and immunohistochemical spectrum exhibited by these tumours is crucial to achieve correct diagnoses and to avoid confusion with reactive conditions or other benign or malignant entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In baboons, Papio sp. neoplasms tend to affect the hematopoietic system most commonly, with rare documentation of myxomatous neoplasms. In contrast, women can develop myxomatous masses within deep peripelvic tissues with some frequency during their reproductive years. Methods We have identified and examined, retrospectively, myxomatous perineal masses in twelve female baboons within one research facility and compared their histopathologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features to their human variants. Results Our results indicate that these myxomatous neoplasms, in humans and non-human primates, share common features. Conclusion Further research, particularly molecular genetic analysis, may be needed to identify the baboon as a true animal model for myxomatous perineal neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report on a previously unrecognized fibro-myofibroblastic tumor in the oral cavity of a 15-year-old girl. Morphologically, the tumor mimicked a rhabdomyosarcoma, botryoid variant. It was composed of mitotically active small- to medium-sized, vimentin+/desmin+, round- to oval- to epithelioid-shaped cells embedded in an alternating fibrous to myxoid/edematous stroma. These cells were separated from the overlying squamous epithelium by a rim of fibrous stroma. The tumor contained abundant small- to medium-sized, thin-walled blood vessels without hyalinization. Frequently, neoplastic cells condensed around these vessels. An unusual and striking feature was the presence of numerous hyalinized collagen mats, including “amianthoid-like fibers”, similar to those observed in myofibroblastomas. The presence of these collagen mats and the expression of desmin, in association with no immunoreactivity to myogenin and MyoD1, were in keeping with the fibro-myofibroblastic nature of the tumor, excluding the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Regarding fibro-myofibroblastic tumors, we believe that the present case falls within the wide spectrum of benign stromal tumors, originally described in the lower female genital tract, but potentially occurring also at extragenital sites. As morphological and immunohistochemical features were reminiscent of, but not identical with, angiomyofibroblastoma, the term “polypoid angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor” is proposed. Awareness and recognition of this tumor is crucial to avoid a diagnosis of malignancy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Angiomyofibroblastomas are rare, benign, slow-growing tumors, that occurring predominantly in vulvar lesions of premenopausal women. In male patients only few cases are reported (angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumors). They occur mostly in scrotal and inguinal regions. We report a case of left scrotal angiomyofibroblastoma-like tumor in a 52-years old man. After a biopsy for histological examination, a complete surgical excision was performed. At 12 months' follow-up the patient is asymptomatic, and no tumor signs were was found on by abdominal computed tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular angiofibroma (CAF) is a rare distinctive mesenchymal neoplasm that occurs almost exclusively in the genital area. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic subcutaneous mass, 3.5 cm in diameter, located in the left hypochondrium, which had progressively enlarged during the previous 6 months. The lesion was completely excised. No recurrence was observed 3 months after the excision. A review of the literature—and including the present report—revealed five cases (three men and two women) with location outside the urogenital tract. Mean age was 57 (range 38–78) years; mean 41 years for women and 68 years for men. Average tumor size was 9 (range 3.5–25) cm; mean 5 cm for women and 12 cm for men. Tumors were located in the superficial soft tissue of the trunk, except for one case in the retroperitoneum. Mean follow-up was 29 (range 3–102) months, and no patient developed recurrence or metastasis. Extragenital CAF, except for location, shows similar clinicopathological features to genital CAF. Simple tumorectomy appears to be adequate treatment. Morphologically, CAF is closely related to spindle cell lipoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a very rare benign mesenchymal tumor of the superficial soft-tissues. Most of the cases have been reported in the vulva. It presents usually in the reproductive age group. Histologically it is characterized by alternating hypo and hypercellular areas admixed with thin walled blood vessels with a perivascular concentration of stromal cells. We report a case of this lesion arising in the vagina in a 46-year-old woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of angiomyofibroblastoma in a 48-year-old woman is reported. The tumor occurred as a left vulval mass and was treated by simple excision. It was located in the subcutaneous tissue of the left vulva and was well circumscribed, measuring 2.8 x 2.7 x 2.5 cm. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of hypocellular and cellular areas with well-developed small vessels. Spindle or polygonal cells were arranged with perivascular accentuation in an edematous or fibrocollagenous background. Some spindle-shaped or polygonal stromal cells were also arranged in epithelioid nests. In some areas, mitoses were frequent (maximum 3/10 high-power field). lmmunohistochemically, the stromal cells were positive for vimentin and desmin, but negative for α-smooth muscle actin, S-100, neurofilament, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, CD31 and CD34. The average labeling index of Ki-67 in stromal cells was 3.1%. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that the stromal cells adhered with primitive junctions and contained intermediate filaments with no focal density in the cytoplasm. These findings were consistent with angiomyofibroblastoma, although previously reported cases did not show so many mitoses. Therefore, this case was suggested to be a mitotically active variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare,benign,well-circumscribed neoplasm predominantly occurring in the pelviperineal region of middle-aged women. The tumour cells are round-to-spindle shaped concentrated around vessels. They almost have immunoreactivity for desmin and vimentin,consistently positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors,occasionally positive for CD 34. The complete surgical excision of the tumour is necessary. It is important to distinguish this tumour from especially aggressive angiomyxoma to avoid inadequate treatment. Here,we report a case of vulvar angiomyofibroblastoma in a 46-year old postmenopausal woman whose findings were differentiating from others. Histologically,the tumour involved fibroadipose tissue and immunoreactivity for desmin and actin was negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case study of a 42-year-old Caucasian woman was presented with painless mass in the right vulvar region and was diagnosed with angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF). The patient underwent tumorectomy and neither hemorrhage nor necrosis was observed. The article also discusses the various types of mesenchymal tumors which include aggressive angiomyxoma, AMF, and superficial myofibroblastoma.

The authors are hereby presenting a rare case of angiomyofibroblastoma of the funiculus in a 20-year-old patient, having a non-aching tumefaction at the left region of the scrotum. This tumefaction was solid and non homogeneous, both on ultrasonography and MRI, of about 5cm in diameter, fully separated from the testicle. The markers were all negative. We proceeded with surgical treatment of the neoformation. It is mandatory to include this lesion within the differential diagnosis of testicle masses. The case is presented for its absolute histopathologic rarity and for the difficulty in diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare pathology with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily misdiagnosed. Clinical awareness along with close surveillance is critical to effectively diagnose and treat this condition. Current treatment is based on conservative therapy including antibiotics and oxygen. Surgery is only recommended when complications are suspected. Here, we present the case of a 72-year-old female admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomits. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was diagnosed and was successfully treated. On follow-up visits, patient is recovering and doing well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Angiomyofibroblastoma is a relatively recently described rare tumor of the superficial soft tissues. To date, 57 cases of angiomyofibroblastoma of the external genitalia in women have been reported. Methods/Results: We describe a case of a 24-year-old woman who presented with the urinary stream flowing out in the posterior direction and whose diagnosis was a urethral tumor, angiomyofibroblastoma. Conclusions: Angiomyofibroblastoma has a potential arising from the female urethra as well as other areas of the external genitalia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor that occurs mainly in the vulval region of middle age (35–45 years) women. We describe a 41-year-old woman, presenting with a 10-cm right vulvar mass and persistent perineal pain lasting 1 month. A surgical excision of the lesion was performed and a large mass with an intact capsule was sent for pathological examination. The results indicated angiomyofibroblastoma. The differential diagnosis between angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) and aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is very important because prognoses are not the same. AMF is a well-circumscribed lesion, with a weak risk of local non-destructive recurrence. AAM is a locally aggressive and infiltrative neoplasm, with a high risk of local aggressive recurrence. Wide excision with a rim of normal tissue is recommended in all cases of vulvar tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a recently described, rare, benign soft tissue vulvovaginal tumour that occurs mainly but not exclusively in the vulval region of pre-menopausal women (Fletcher et al. in Am J Surg Pathl 16:373; 1992). The first case was diagnosed in 1992. We report a case of a post-menopausal woman with a 2-month history of a rapidly growing painless vaginal tumour and thus drawing the attention of gynaecologist as well as general practitioners to the fact that this rare phenomenon can occur outside the vulva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the case of a 43-year-old white woman suffering from vulval angiomyofibroblastoma. Description of angiomyofibroblastoma; Main differential diagnosis of angiomyofibroblastoma; Treatment of choice for angiomyofibroblastoma.