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Background: Though insomnia is associated with affected emotion regulation and dysfunctional ideas about sleep, little is known about the relation of these problems with objective sleep disruption. We aimed to explore this relationship in young adults with and without insomnia.Methods: Twenty young adults with diagnosed insomnia disorder (aged 27.7 ± 8.6 years) and twenty age-matched individuals without insomnia (26.7 ± 7.0 years) completed questionnaires, measuring sleep-related thoughts and emotions and emotion regulation. Objective sleep measurements were collected through 10-days actigraphy as a representative sample of nights, and analyzed for sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency total sleep time. T-tests and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were conducted for sample characterization and analysis of the association of sleep-related thoughts and emotions and emotion regulation with objective sleep data.Results: As expected, young people showed more dysfunctional sleep-related thoughts and emotions (all ps ≤ 0.025) and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies (all ps ≤ 0.040). Surprisingly, MANOVA results showed that only emotion coping strategies after a stressful event (p = 0.017) and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (p = 0.012), but not other factors of arousal or sleep reactivity, were associated with overall worse sleep, especially sleep onset latency (all ps ≤ 0.012) and sleep efficiency (all ps ≤ 0.010).Conclusions: Maladaptive emotion coping strategies after a stressful event and dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs and attitudes affect objective sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency in young adults, highlighting the importance of targeting these features in the prevention and treatment of chronic insomnia and improving actual sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a first attempt to assess the mechanisms and potential controls behind past residential mobility through the integration of isotopic data from human inhumations and spatial infrastructural information pertaining to the settlement containing these inhumations. Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen (δ18OPDB) isotope data are derived from 200 (post)medieval individuals from the town of Oldenzaal in the present-day Netherlands. Reconstructions of historical route networks show that Oldenzaal was well-connected interregionally throughout the Middle Ages and early-modern times (ca. AD 800-1600). Although the working hypothesis was that in the past a high degree of spatial connectivity of settlements must have been positively related to a highly variable geographical origin of its inhabitants, the isotopic data from Oldenzaal indicate a population characterized by a low variability in terms of their origin. This unexpected result may be caused by (a combination of) various factors, related to (1) biases in the isotopic dataset, (2) interpretative limitations regarding the results of isotopic analyses and (3) the impact of broader socio-cultural factors that cannot be traced through isotopic analyses, such as infrastructural connectivity, socio-economics and political factors. The human oxygen isotope dataset presented here provides a first step towards a δ18OPDB reference dataset, against which future samples can be compared without the need to convert the data. This paper establishes that although in archaeology a biomolecular approach potentially provides a detailed reconstruction of the development of past populations in terms of palaeodemography and geographical/cultural origin, such studies should be performed in a transdisciplinary context in order to increase the understanding of the wider controlling factors of past population change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the development of rheoscope, a counter-rotating Couette apparatus to study the deformation of lipid bilayer vesicles in shear flow. Description and components of the apparatus; Design parameters of aerostatic bearing and coupling between the cylinder and motor unit; Mechanical properties of the lipid bilayers.

We aimed to examine brain activation patterns during verbal fluency performance in patients with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response during letter and category fluency performance in 18 PMA patients, 21 ALS patients and 17 healthy control subjects, matched for age and education. fMRI results are reported at p < .05, Family Wise Error (FWE) corrected for multiple comparisons. We analyzed effects of performance, age related white matter changes (ARWMC) and regional brain volumes; all participants underwent neuropsychological investigation. Disease duration of patients with PMA (mean 26.0 months, SD 13.6) and ALS (22.2; SD 11.4) were comparable. PMA and ALS patients had mild to moderate disease severity and showed impaired letter fluency compared to controls. Between group analysis showed a main effect of group in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, Brodmann area 45) during letter fluency which was unaffected by performance, ARWMC and IFG volume: PMA patients showed lower activation than controls but higher than that of ALS patients (ALS < PMA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]