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Background: Warts (verruca) are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), which is known to affect the skin and mucosae. Over two hundred strains of HPV have been identified to date, among which few strains cause cutaneous lesions. Various treatment modalities have been elucidated in treating verruca lesions, yet the best therapeutic option is yet to be determined. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical 50% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 100% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and 5% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a topical application in the treatment of warts. Methods: This was a prospective, interventional, clinical trial that included sixty patients with warts randomly allotted into three groups. Group A and group B were treated every week with topical 50% H2O2 and 100% TCA, respectively, and group C with 5% 5-FU under tape occlusion twice a day. The treatment was executed for a maximum period of eight weeks. The patients were evaluated with the Physician Wart Assessment (PWA) every two weeks of treatment and at three months after treatment completion. Results: At the end of the eight weeks of treatment, 13 patients (65%) in the H2 O2 group, 11 patients (55%) in the TCA group, and 8 patients (40%) in the 5% 5-FU group displayed complete clearance of warts (PWA grade 0). In our study, side effects were significantly higher in the TCA group (70%) and in the 5% 5-FU group (60%), notably lower in the H2O2 group (30%) (p = 0.011). The most frequent side effect was irritation (25%), which was reported in all groups. No relapse was encountered at three months of treatment completion. Conclusion: According to our study, H2 O2 and TCA have the advantage of earlier action over 5% 5-FU. However, H2O2 remarkably stands as a safer therapeutic option concerning the clearance of lesions, patient tolerability, and side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study and document the epidemiological data, various morphological expressions, and causative medications for tinea incognito, to identify the causative agent, and also to evaluate the laboratory methods' efficacy in substantiating the diagnosis clinically. Methods It was conducted over a period of two years with a sample size of hundred cases of tinea incognito who had used topical or systemic steroids, topical immunosuppressants, and other indigenous preparations for a period of at least four weeks. Skin scrapings from the patients were examined for fungal elements under KOH mount, and fungal cultures were performed for species identification, and the derived results were analyzed. Patients at the end of three weeks and six weeks were re-assessed. Results In our study, clinical presentation mimicked various dermatoses, of which eczematous like was the most common type, followed by psoriasiform. KOH was positive among 69% of the patients, and positivity for fungal culture was seen in 48%, out of which Trichophyton mentagrophytes constituted 56.25% of the cases, followed by Trichophyton rubrum (25%). Conclusion Although this entity has been known for years, it still causes perplexity in diagnosis and treatment. Health education in order to create public awareness about dermatophytosis is indeed the need of the hour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy in the treatment of warts in immunocompetent patients. Methods In our study, the sample size included 30 patients with multiple, recalcitrant, and recurrent warts. After taking informed consent, the patients were injected intralesionally with 0.1 ml BCG vaccine into the oldest wart at an interval of 3 weeks for a maximum of three sessions. Patients were evaluated every three weeks for a response, side effects and were followed up to 6 months for recurrences. For assessment of response, the grading scale was used. Results In our study, out of 30 patients, a good response was seen in 80%, while a partial response in 6.7%, and poor response in 13.3% of patients, and no recurrence was seen in 80% of patients in a follow-up of 6 months. In our study, 90% of patients had pain, 70% flu-like symptoms, 6.7% abscess, 6.7% ulceration, and 10% no adverse effects. Conclusion Intralesional BCG immunotherapy is a promising, simple, safe, and cost-effective modality for multiple, recalcitrant, and recurrent warts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a common benign skin lesion, ranging from light tan to dark brown. Common techniques for SKs removal involve cryosurgery, electrosurgery, curettage, surgical excision, and chemicals like TCA. Recently FDA has approved hydrogen peroxide 40% for the treatment of SKs. However, there is a lack of clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and complication rates of these procedures, so we have taken up the study. Aims and Objectives To study and compare the effectiveness of 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and 50% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the treatment of seborrheic keratoses. Methods The study was conducted in our department of Dermatology at Dr. PSIMS & RF for a period of 6 months from March to August 2019. The sample size included 40 patients, and after taking informed consent, the study population was divided into two groups by systematic random sampling. One group was treated with 40% H2O2, and the other group with 50% TCA. After the first session, SKs with a Physician's Lesion Assessment (PLA) scale higher than 0 were treated for a maximum of three sessions at two weeks interval and followed up for one month after the last session. Results After completion of all sessions, patients treated with hydrogen peroxide achieved a PLA scale of 0 (total clearance) in 45%, whereas in TCA, it was 25%, with significant p-value (<0.0001). Conclusion Thus 40% H2O2 provides a novel, standardized, easily available, and non-invasive, method to treat SKs that is convenient to patients when compared to 50% TCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objective To study the size, echotexture, morphologic alteration and vascularity of peripheral nerves in patients with leprosy by HRUS. Material and Methods The study was conducted in the departments of Dermatology and Radiology at Dr. PSIMS & RF over a period of 6 months from March 2018 to August 2018. Sample size included 30 clinically diagnosed cases of Hansen's disease as per Ridley-Jopling classification and these patients were subjected to HRUS and CD to study the nerve involvement. Results Of the 30 leprosy patients scanned all of them had morphological alterations like increased focal hypoechoic areas, loss of fascicular architecture, thickened epineurium and 3 cases with clinical evidence of reaction showed increased endoneural vascularity. Conclusion HRUS is a noninvasive, cost effective tool that gives significant information on nerve structure, morphology and vascularity in the nerve and this adds a new dimension in diagnosing leprosy particularly pure neuritic type and assessment of nerve damage which can prevent disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]