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In the recent drug analysis arena, optimizing a green, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technique is the main target. In order to cope with green analytical chemistry principles and the trending development of miniaturized portable and handheld devices, an innovative microfabricated ion-selective electrode for the analysis of metoclopramide (MTP) was developed. The fabricated electrode adopted a two-step optimization process. The first step of optimization depended on screening different ionophores in order to enhance the sensor selectivity. Calix-4-arene showed the maximal selectivity towards MTP. The second step was utilizing a graphene nanocomposite as an ion-to-electron transducer layer between the calix-4-arene polymeric membrane and the microfabricated copper solid-contact ion-selective electrode. The graphene nanocomposite layer added more stability to electrode potential drift and short response times (10 s), probably due to the hydrophobic behavior of the graphene nanocomposite, which precludes the formation of a water layer at the Cu electrode/polymeric membrane interface. The proposed MTP sensor has been characterized according to IUPAC recommendations and the linear dynamic range estimated to be 1 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−2 M with LOD of 3 × 10−7 M. The proposed sensor has been successfully employed in the selective determination of MTP in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulation, and biological fluid. No statistical significant difference was observed upon comparing the results with those of the official method. The Eco-score of the method was assessed using the Eco-Scale tool and was compared with that of the official method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity among women in low- and middleincome countries. Unlike other cancers, cervical cancer is preceded by a spectrum of cytomorphological changes called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) for many years before developing into a frank malignancy. Objective: We aimed to detect the accuracy of naked eye (NE) visual inspection in early detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatients Clinic and Pathology Department, Zagazig University Hospitals on 206 patients during the period from January 2021 to June 2021. Results: About 81% of patients had normal appearance cervix on NE examination. Visual naked eye inspection with acetic acid staining was negative in 41.3%, low threshold positive in 36.4% and high threshold positive occurred in 22.3%. There was significant association between presence or intensity of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and nature of lesion. Within normal/benign lesion, 49.1%, 39.3% and 11.7% had negative, low threshold positive and high threshold positive respectively. Within CIN-1, 42.9%, 14.3% and 42.9% had negative, low threshold positive and high threshold positive respectively. Within CIN-2, 50% and 50% had low threshold positive and high threshold positive respectively. Within CIN -3, 35.7% and 64.3% had low threshold positive and high threshold positive respectively. Conclusion: Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) can be used as cervical cancer screening test especially in lowresource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive and precise thin layer chromatographic method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of omeprazole, tinidazole and clarithromycin in bulk powder; laboratory prepared mixture and combined dosage form. The technique adopted for quantification is coupled TLC-densitometry. The mobile phase used was a mixture of methylene chloride, isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile and ammonia (11: 1.2: 5: 0.2, v/v/v/v). The detection of spots was carried out densitometrically using a UV detector at 300 nm in absorbance mode. This system was found to give compact spots for omeprazole (Rf 0.45), tinidazole (Rf 0.67) and clarithromycin (Rf 0.89). The method was linear in the range of 1-20mgr;g spot-1, 1-10mgr;g spot-1, and 1-20mgr;g spot-1 for omeprazole, tinidazole and clarithromycin respectively with significantly high value of correlation coefficient (r² > 0.99). The selectivity of the proposed method was checked using laboratory prepared mixtures. The proposed method was found to be accurate, precise, reproducible and specific and can be applicable for the simultaneous determination of omeprazole, tinidazole and clarithromycin in tablet dosage form without inteRference from other additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]