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Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, prevalent in athletic contexts have profound physical and psychological impacts. Despite extensive research on the physiological aspects of ACL recovery, the psychological dimensions of this process have gained increased attention. This scoping review delves into the intricate landscape of psychological factors influencing ACL rehabilitation. Design: Scoping review. Methods: A literature search across multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant published studies that provide insight into the psychological aspects of ACL recovery. This search spanned various study designs, enabling a nuanced understanding of the psychological intricacies surrounding ACL recovery. Overall, a total of 1830 unique articles were screened, of which 66 were included in this review. Our findings are further contextualized through alignment with insights from prior reviews on similar themes. Through a comprehensive analysis of diverse literature, we explore 3 key themes: psychological challenges, current rehabilitation programs, and the integration of psychological support. Results: Psychological challenges emerged as a pervasive aspect of ACL rehabilitation, encompassing fear, anxiety, motivation, and depression. The nuanced emotional responses, particularly the fear of reinjury, impact treatment adherence and overall well-being. Contemporary rehabilitation programs revealed inconsistencies in incorporating psychological support, emphasizing the need for standardized, multidisciplinary approaches. The alignment with prior reviews in the literature reinforced the importance of psychological traits, such as knee self-efficacy, in predicting positive outcomes. Conclusion: This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of psychological factors within ACL rehabilitation, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions and standardized approaches. The integration of multidisciplinary expertise emerges as crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Our findings not only contribute to a nuanced understanding of psychological nuances in ACL rehabilitation but also offer valuable implications for clinical practice and policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate analysis of anxiety behaviors in animal models is pivotal for advancing neuroscience research and drug discovery. This study compares the potential of DeepLabCut, ZebraLab, and machine learning models to analyze anxiety-related behaviors in adult zebrafish. Using a dataset comprising video recordings of unstressed and pre-stressed zebrafish, we extracted features such as total inactivity duration/immobility, time spent at the bottom, time spent at the top and turn angles (large and small). We observed that the data obtained using DeepLabCut and ZebraLab were highly correlated. Using this data, we annotated behaviors as anxious and not anxious and trained several machine learning models, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Random Forests, Naive Bayes Classifiers, and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The effectiveness of these machine learning models was validated and tested on independent datasets. We found that some machine learning models, such as Decision Tree and Random Forests, performed excellently to differentiate between anxious and non-anxious behavior, even in the control group, where the differences between subjects were more subtle. Our findings show that upcoming technologies, such as machine learning models, are able to effectively and accurately analyze anxiety behaviors in zebrafish and provide a cost-effective method to analyze animal behavior. [Display omitted] • Immobility, bottom/top dwelling and turn angles are reliable features to identify anxiety in zebrafish. • DeepLabCut reliably extracts features of zebrafish behavior. • Machine learning models can accurately classify adult zebrafish as anxious and non-anxious. • Decision Tree and Random Forest models excel in identifying anxiety behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Evidence on co-occurring mental health problems in youth with physical disabilities is growing, however how services are provided remains unclear. This study examined current interprofessional rehabilitation practices for physical and mental health services. Methods: Youth (aged 15–24) followed for a physical disability that had mental health problems were identified. Chart reviews were used to identify practices. Mental health-related diagnoses/symptoms, assessments, goals, interventions, and referrals were extracted for inductive content analysis. Results: Sixty charts were reviewed. Mental health problems included anxiety (n = 53), depression (n = 25), neurodevelopmental (n = 19) and personality disorders (n = 8), often (n = 36) citing more than one. No mental health assessments were found, and in 43%, no goals or interventions were evident. Relevant goals (n = 98) targeted emotional management, autonomy/communication of needs, acceptance of physical condition, socialization, routines/energy levels, school/work supports, and leisure/calming environments. Interventions (n = 104) included emotional management, formal individual/group therapy, links with external supports, routines/activities, reflection/acceptance, and school/work support. Mental health services were received in-house (n = 24) and/or externally (n = 30), plus 18 referrals pending and 14 not referred. Conclusion: Many had more than one mental health problem, suggesting the complexity of their condition. While some mental health goals/interventions are documented, problems may often not be reported or addressed in this context. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: Further attention can be directed to the needs of youth with physical disabilities and co-occurring mental health problems as they are not fully addressed by current interdisciplinary rehabilitation practices. Follow-up (services and referrals) should be adapted to the holistic needs of youth and their goals within the rehabilitation context. Rehabilitation professionals can be provided with training to build workforce capacity in mental health screening and have access to guidance when addressing situations related to mental health or referring to external services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify which acute and 6-month domain-specific cognitive impairments impact mood, participation, and stroke-related quality of life 6 months post-stroke. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort of 430 stroke survivors completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) acutely and 6 months post-stroke. Participants completed the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS) at 6 months. Multivariable regression analyses assessed whether severity of, and domain-specific, cognitive impairment acutely and at 6 months was associated with composite 6-month SIS scores, each SIS subscale, and HADS scores. Results: Increased severity of acute and 6-month cognitive impairment was associated with lower 6-month SIS composite scores independent of age, sex, education years, and stroke severity (both p < 0.001). Domain-specific impairments in memory (p < 0.001) and attention (p = 0.002) acutely, and language (p < 0.001), memory (p = 0.001) and number processing (p = 0.006) at 6 months showed the strongest associations with worse SIS composite scores. Severity of acute and 6-month cognitive impairment was associated with poorer functioning in each SIS subscale, and greater levels of depression (acute p = 0.021, 6-months p < 0.001), but not anxiety (p = 0.174, p = 0.129). Conclusions: Both acute and 6-month domain-specific cognitive impairments, particularly in memory, were found to negatively impact overall functional and mood outcomes 6 months post-stroke. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: At 6 months follow-up, stroke survivors reported the greatest challenges in participation and emotional well-being, suggesting that these specific areas may be worth prioritising. Healthcare professionals involved in post-stroke rehabilitation should prioritize assessing and addressing the severity of post-stroke cognitive impairment as it significantly influences functioning. Implementing targeted interventions particularly for memory deficits could be instrumental in improving overall functional and mood outcomes in stroke survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is frequent after stroke; however, little is known about its determinants. This study aims to assess the prevalence and correlates of post stroke anxiety (PSA) within 3–6 months following ischemic stroke. Three cohort studies from the STROKOG consortium were involved. Demographic and clinical data were standardized. PSA and PSD were assessed using inventories. The criteria for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) were at least one cognitive domain impaired if applicable, or a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. Descriptive analyses were conducted to ascertain the prevalence of anxiety. Comparisons between anxious and non-anxious patients in the total sample were made using χ2 and t -tests. A two-step individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis was employed to identify factors associated with PSA. 584 patients were included. The total prevalence of PSA was 35 % (95%CI = [31.23;38.97]) and ranged from 27 % to 45 % across cohorts. In the total sample, there was a higher proportion of females in the anxiety group than the non-anxiety group (χ2 = 19.62; p < 0.001). Anxious patients had lower education, (χ2 = 6.59; p = 0.03), higher stroke severity (t = 2.77; p = 0.002), and higher rates of PSD (χ2 = 118.09; p < 0.001), and PSCI (χ2 = 23.81, p < 0.001). The analysis demonstrates that the odds of presenting with PSA is larger in patients with PSCI (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = [1.14; 2.91]). Anxiety is frequent after stroke, especially in females, and is associated with depression and cognitive impairment. • Three cohorts from the STROKOG consortium were included in the study. • PSA prevalence ranged from 25 to 45 % across cohorts. • In total, PSA was observed in 44.5 % of females and 28.5 % of males. • An IPD meta-analysis revealed that cognitive impairment is associated with PSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postpartum period can be emotionally challenging for parents, with documented levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. While the benefits of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) are well-known, its impact on the mental health of parents of full-term newborns has been less studied. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of SSC in mental health outcomes in the parents of full-term newborns. In this systematic review, a comprehensive search was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SSC versus no SSC and assessing mental health outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed whenever possible, and the GRADE approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence. We included 9 RCTs with 1201 participants. Regarding the risk of bias, the most affected domains were selective reporting, blinding, and allocation concealment. Regarding parental anxiety, SSC may reduce it at short-term, while it is unsure its effect at mid-term and it may not have any effect at long-term. Regarding Psychological stress, SSC may not have an impact at mid- and long-term. Regarding delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, SSC may not have an impact at short-, mid-, and long-term. Regarding depressive symptoms, the evidence is uncertain at short- and mid-term. For the assessed outcomes, certainty of the evidence was low or very low. SSC may reduce parental anxiety at short-term, while it may not have an impact in psychological stress and delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. Moreover, the evidence is uncertain regarding its effect in long-term anxiety and depressive symptoms. • This review included studies on the impact of skin-to-skin contact on mental health in parents after full-term pregnancies • The skin-to-skin contact may reduce parental anxiety at short-term • The skin-to-skin contact may not have an impact in psychological stress and delivery-related post-traumatic stress symptoms • The evidence is uncertain regarding the effect of skin-to-skin contact in long-term anxiety and depressive symptoms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bubble tea has emerged as an essential beverage in the daily lives of many individuals, which is particularly pronounced among nurses. However, few studies have investigated the potential effects of bubble tea consumption on mental health among nurses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between bubble tea consumption and mental health among nurses. A cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Nurses' Mental Health Study (NMHS), a national cohort study. Odds ratios (ORs) were employed to evaluate the relationship between bubble tea consumption and mental health. A total of 132,910 participants were enumerated nationwide in our survey. 8666 (6.52 %) were male and 124,244 (93.48 %) were female. The median age of participants was 34 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, psychiatric diagnosis, fatigue, burnout, loneliness, and well-being trend changed across categories of bubble tea consumption. Low frequency of bubble tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation, while high frequency of consumption was related to an increased suicidal risk. The relation between bubble tea and mental health varies with gender and age. This large-sample cross-sectional study found that consumption of bubble tea was significantly associated with increased anxiety, depression, psychiatric diagnosis, fatigue, job burnout and loneliness, and decreased well-being among nurses. Moreover, research indicates that limited consumption of bubble tea may be correlated with a reduction in suicidal ideation, whereas excessive consumption may be linked to an increase in such ideation. • High-quality, large-sample size evidence evaluating the relationship between bubble tea consumption and mental health is needed. • This study represents the first analysis of the relation between bubble tea consumption and well-being, fatigue, and burnout. • High frequency consumption of bubble tea is significantly related to a poorer mental health in nurses. • Low-frequency bubble tea consumption has a negtive relation on suicidal ideation, while high-frequency has a positive correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital applications, such as in smartphone apps format, have shown high suggestive evidence for their efficacy in reducing general distress, but rigorous studies of their efficacy in symptom change and the mechanisms involved are still needed. In the current multi-arm parallel-group randomized trial, participants aged 18–65 with smartphone access were recruited through social media. They were randomly assigned to two app interventions (PsyPills and OCAT) or an active placebo group (shamOCAT). The primary outcome was psychological distress measured up to one month. A total of 229 participants from diverse regional and demographic groups of the general population of Romania were randomly allocated into the three groups (PsyPills n = 80; OCAT n = 70; shamOCAT n = 79) and included in intention-to-treat analyses. Both the PsyPills (MD = −522; 95%CI = −10.00 to −0.44; d = 0.48) and OCAT (MD = −6.30; 95%CI = −11.39 to −1.21; d = 0.58) reduced significantly, with medium effect sizes, the psychological distress levels compared with the control group at follow-up. For the separate outcomes, only PsyPills showed significant medium reduction effects for anxiety symptoms (MD = −2.17; 95%CI = −3.83 to −0.50; d = −0.60), while OCAT showed reduction effects of small size for depression (MD = −1.50 (95%CI = −3.53 to 0.54, d = −0.34), that was however statistically nonsignificant. We registered high attrition and low adherence rates. Also, lower-than-planned effects might have been statistically underpowered to detect. The results support the high potential of both apps as scalable tools to provide low-intensity self-guided interventions for common psychological problems in the general population and expand opportunities for further research (e.g., confirm and capitulate on the differential effects). • Two innovative app-based interventions were tested against a placebo control in a community sample. • PsyPills is based on the more ecological form of functional reappraisal strategy. • OCAT capitulates on latest developments on eye-tracking attention training technologies. • Both apps showed equivalent efficacy in reducing psychological distress. • Indices of specificity emerged (Psypills in anxiety and OCAT in depression). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental disorders constitute a global public health problem worldwide and occurs in childhood and lasts to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between childhood violence exposure and currently diagnosed depression and anxiety in children and adolescents and investigate whether the association differs by sex and age. This cross-sectional study used data from 2017 to 2021 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). Childhood violence exposure and anxiety or depression of children were reported from caregivers. Logistic regression analyses and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the association between the childhood violence exposure and anxiety and depression. This study included 113,400 participants aged 6 to 17 years (weighted mean [SD] age, 11.5 [3.4] years; 54,539 females [weighted proportions, 48.9 %]). 9603 of them (weighted proportions, 9.0 %) had childhood violence exposure. Childhood violence exposure was associated with higher risks of anxiety (adjusted risk difference: 7.8 %, 95%CI: 6.3–9.3 %; adjusted OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.87–2.39) and depression (adjusted risk difference: 6.2 %, 95%CI: 5.1–7.4 %; adjusted OR: 2.94, 95%CI: 2.54–3.41) after full adjustment. Stratified analyses demonstrated that the association appeared to be stronger in younger children and the association between violence exposure and anxiety was stronger in females than in males. In this cross-sectional study, childhood violence exposure was significantly associated with higher risks of anxiety and depression. The associations appeared to be stronger in younger and female children. Differences in sex and age-specific associations highlight the importance of building age-specific and sex-specific patterns of childhood violence prevention and intervention. • Childhood violence exposure was significantly associated with higher risks of anxiety and depression. • The associations appeared to be stronger in younger and female children. • Age-specific and sex-specific patterns of childhood violence prevention and intervention are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine (i) if depression and anxiety are prospectively associated with subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and (ii) if LUTS are prospectively associated with subsequent depression. The study is based on data from parous middle-aged women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. LUTS were assessed using the Bristol Female LUTS Questionnaire and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire on Female LUTS. Depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety was assessed using the Crown Crisp Experiential Index. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine (i) associations between depression and anxiety at baseline in 2002–04 and subsequent LUTS at follow-up in 2011–2012 (n = 5291) and (ii) associations between LUTS at baseline in 2002–04 and subsequent depression at follow-up in 2010–11 (n = 6147). Analyses were adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors, stressful life events, social support, smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, obstetric/reproductive factors, and menopausal status. We found evidence of prospective associations between depression and subsequent mixed urinary incontinence [odds ratio = 1.97, 95 % confidence interval = 1.16, 3.33], any urinary incontinence [1.68 (1.21, 2.31)], and urgency [1.90 (1.28, 2.83)]. Anxiety was only associated with subsequent nocturia [1.84 (1.04, 3.26)]. Only stress urinary incontinence was associated with subsequent depression [1.37 (1.03, 1.83)]. We find evidence that mental health problems could be contributing factors, as well as consequences, of LUTS. Research is needed to determine if these observed associations are causal and to identify underlying mechanisms. • Bidirectional relationships exist between affective symptoms and urinary incontinence. • Depression was prospectively associated with incontinence at follow-up. • Anxiety was prospectively associated with subsequent nocturia. • Stress UI was associated with subsequent depression at follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altered gaze in social settings is a hallmark of social anxiety; however, little research directly examines gaze in anxiety-provoking contexts among youth with anxiety disorders, limiting mechanistic insight into pediatric anxiety. The present study leveraged mobile eye-tracking technology to examine gaze behavior during a naturalistic stressor in a clinical developmental sample. Sixty-one youth (ages 8–17 years; 28 with anxiety disorders, 33 non-anxious controls) completed a naturalistic social stress task (public speaking in front of a videotaped classroom audience) while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Gaze behavior and state anxiety were quantified in each group during two task conditions: while giving a speech and while passively viewing the audience. Anxiety-related differences emerged in state anxiety and gaze behavior. First, a significant interaction between diagnostic group and task condition on state anxiety indicated that while anxiety increased among non-anxious controls following the speech, youth with anxiety disorders reported persistently elevated anxiety across all assessments. Second, a significant interaction emerged between social anxiety symptom severity and task condition on gaze time on the audience. While youth overall showed low dwell time on the audience during speech delivery, individuals with greater social anxiety showed longer gaze on the audience during the passive viewing condition. This pattern was specific to dimensional analyses of social anxiety symptom severity. The current study was not sufficiently powered to examine age-related differences. These findings highlight anxiety-related differences in gaze behavior in youth, providing new mechanistic insight into pediatric anxiety using mobile eye-tracking. • We leverage eye-tracking glasses to measure gaze during a naturalistic speech task. • Across the sample, this paradigm induced state anxiety and gaze avoidance. • Anxiety-related differences emerged in state anxiety and gaze behavior. • State anxiety was persistently elevated for anxious youth. • Social anxiety tended to positively correlate with dwell time during passive viewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-form video applications have spread rapidly and gained popularity among adolescents for their interactivity, sociality, and personalization. However, excessive and uncontrolled use has also caused some adolescents to develop short-form video addiction (SFVA). Although parental phubbing has been shown to be a risk factor for SFVA in adolescents, its intermediate mechanisms, particularly the emotional mediation mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships among parental phubbing, SFVA, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neuroticism in adolescents. Adolescents aged 13–19 (N = 5785) were recruited from Shandong Province, China, as participants in 2023. Participants were asked to complete five self-report questionnaires, including the Parental Phubbing Behavior Questionnaire (PPBQ), Short-Form Video Addiction (SFVA) Scale, The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES D20), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) Scale, and Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory (Brief Version) (CBF-PI-B). The results indicate that the influence of parental phubbing on short-form video addiction among adolescents is mediated by symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, neuroticism moderates the association between parental phubbing and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences. Reliance on self-report scales. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the systemic impact mechanisms of negative family interactions on SFVA. Moreover, prevention and intervention strategies targeting high neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety may help prevent the developmental pathway from parental phubbing to SFVA. • Parental phubbing positively predicted short-form video addiction among adolescents. • Symptoms of depression and anxiety played a mediating role in the relation. • Neuroticism moderates the association between parental phubbing and symptoms of depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research has examined the link between family health and mental health outcomes like depression and anxiety, but the mechanisms are unclear. Sleep quality may play a mediating role, and the effects of family health on mental health can differ based on living arrangements, which influence experiences and social support. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between family health and depression or anxiety across diverse living statuses. This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2023 in five regions of China, including Guangdong Province, Guangxi Province, Jiangsu Province, Sichuan Province, and Macao Special Administrative Region. Family health was assessed using the Short Form of the Family Health Scale, while sleep quality was measured using the Self-Rating Scale of Sleep. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality on the relationship between family health and mental health outcomes. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential variations in the mediating role of sleep quality across different living status. This study sample comprised 4918 participants, with a mean age of 30.1 years (SD = 12.6). The direct effect analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between family health and symptoms of depression (β = −0.216, p < 0.001) or anxiety (β = −0.199, p < 0.001). The mediation analysis results revealed that family health had a significant indirect effect on symptoms of depression (β = −0.040, p < 0.001) or anxiety (β = −0.050, p < 0.001) through sleep quality. Specifically, both the living with family group and the living in a shared accommodation group showed a significant mediation effect of sleep quality in the relationship between family health and mental health outcomes. However, the living alone group did not show a significant mediation role. Sleep quality mediated the relationship between family health and symptoms of depression or anxiety, with significant effects in those living with family or in shared accommodations, but not those living alone. These findings underscore the importance of considering living status when examining mental health outcomes and developing interventions. • Sleep quality mediated family health's impact on depression/anxiety. • The mediation effect of sleep quality varied depending on living status. • Significant mediation in living with family/shared accommodation. • The group living alone did not show a significant mediation effect. • Consider living status when studying family health and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health ramifications of adolescent obesity are understudied in the Israeli Arab population, and the impact of ethnicity on the association of obesity with mental health problems is unclear. To examine the association of weight categories with Anxiety, Depression and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among Arab adolescents in Israel and to compare this association to a Jewish comparison group. A cross-sectional nationwide study of 313,936 Arab adolescents aged 14–19 years between the years 2007–2022, and 289,616 Jewish adolescents in a comparison group. The aORs for Anxiety, Depression and ADHD in Arab adolescents increased from a reference 'normal weight' category to 'class 3 obesity', reaching aORs (95 % CI) of 1.31 (1.16–1.47), 1.64 (1.31–2.02) and 1.51 (1.40–1.63) in 'class 2 obesity', and 1.51 (1.20–1.87), 2.81(2.00–3.84) and 1.69 (1.45–1.96) in 'class 3 obesity', respectively. The dose-dependent association between weight categories and psychiatric comorbidity was confirmed in sensitivity analyses with comorbidity with the purchase of medications serving as the dependent variable. The Jewish comparison group demonstrated a comparable increment in aORs with increase in weight category. The association between excessive weight categories and psychiatric comorbidities was stronger in Arab females, than in males. Relying on the recorded weight and height measurements and the diagnoses of psychiatric comorbidity could lead to bias. The study findings emphasize the need to relate to the mental health of adolescents with excessive weight, which can improve their overall quality of life and the success of adolescent weight loss intervention programs. • We studied the association of adolescent obesity with psychiatric comorbidity. • The outcomes were Anxiety, Depression and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder. • The association of weight categories with psychiatric comorbidity was dose-dependent. • The association with psychiatric comorbidity was stronger in Arab females. • This association was comparable for Arab and Jewish groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), particularly its brooding aspect, is a prominent feature in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with and without comorbid anxiety. Error processing, an adaptive cognitive operation, seems to be impaired in individuals with exaggerated RNT. This study measured a post-error neural response, error-related negativity (ERN), during an inhibitory task to examine the mechanism underlying the relationship between RNT and faulty error processing. We examined current MDD patients with (n = 61) and without comorbid anxiety disorders (COM; n = 38), propensity-matched into High- or Low-RNT groups according to Ruminative Response Scale Brooding subscale scores. Using 32-channel electroencephalography (EEG) during a stop-signal task, we measured baseline-corrected ERN amplitude at FCz 0–100 ms after an incorrect response. A between-subjects ANOVA was conducted with group (High RNT, Low RNT) and comorbidity (MDD, COM) as factors. A significant group-by-comorbidity interaction (η2 = 0.07) was found, with MDD participants exhibiting high RNT revealing smaller (more positive) ERN amplitudes compared to their COM counterparts with high RNT (d = 0.77) and MDD participants with low RNT (d = 0.92). Non-anxious individuals with MDD and high RNT showed blunted post-error neural responses, potentially indicating a diminished adaptive neural mechanism for recognizing and correcting errors. However, the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders in individuals with high RNT appears to counteract this reduction, potentially through an enhanced neural response to errors, thereby maintaining a higher level of error-processing activity. Further understanding of these relationships is essential for developing targeted interventions for MDD, with particular focus on the detrimental impact of brooding RNT. • Non-anxious individuals with MDD and high RNT exhibit reduced post-error neural responses. • Blunted ERN indicates diminished adaptive neural mechanism in error recognition and correction. • Comorbid anxiety counteracts the reduction in ERN, suggesting enhanced sensitivity to errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valid, reliable, and easy-to-administer scales are crucial for identifying mental health conditions, especially in LMICs where such scales tend not to be validated. This study aims to address this gap by investigating the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in a sample of young women in Soweto, South Africa. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were administered to 6028 women aged 18–28 years old. Cronbach's alpha, Mokken scale analysis, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to provide support for the internal consistency and construct validity of these scales. Both scales demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.81 for PHQ-9 and α = 0.84 for GAD-7). Internal consistency reliability was further supported by positive inter-item correlations and item-by-scale correlations for all items on both measures. CFA of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 showed a reasonable fit for the 1-factor model and 2-factor models (depression and anxiety with somatic and cognitive subtypes). This study was limited to young African women in urban Soweto who were proficient in English, which may affect generalizability. Differences in language or cultural context may impact the accuracy and applicability of these scales to other African populations. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 are valid and reliable for identifying psychological distress in the studied population. Despite showing good psychometric properties, further diagnostic assessment is needed to confirm clinical diagnoses. The scales are useful for identifying those at risk but not a substitute for comprehensive diagnostic evaluations. • Investigation of psychometric properties of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 mental health scales • Support for internal consistency and construct validity among South African women • Further diagnostic assessment is required to confirm clinical diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current evidence is insufficient to support specific tools for screening Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Early detection of subthreshold depression (SD) is crucial in preventing its progression to MDD. This study aims to develop nomograms that visualize the weights of predictors to improve the performance of screening tools. Participants were recruited from Peking University Sixth Hospital and Beijing Physical Examination Center between October 2022 and April 2024. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 5.0.0 was employed as the diagnostic gold standard, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were employed to assess anxiety, depression, and sleep state. The nomograms were constructed by incorporating optimal predictors, selected through the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), into a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate the probability of MDD and SD. After matching age and education, 164 participants were included in each group for analysis. Both nomograms demonstrated superior discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability compared to PHQ-9. Anxiety emerged as a most significant predictor for SD, while sleep problems exhibited high rankings for both SD and MDD. The two predictors subsequently affect concentration and daytime functioning. With a lack of external validation data, the performance of nomograms may be overestimated. This study is the first attempt to develop a nomogram for predicting SD, while also providing a nomogram for MDD. The crucial predictors offer valuable insights into potential variables for clinical intervention. • Predicting subthreshold depression or major depressive disorder needs six items. • Two nomograms enhance predictive performance compared to PHQ-9. • Anxiety is the most influential factor in predicting subthreshold depression. • Insomnia consistently ranks high across both nomograms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomere length is a cellular aging marker implicated in various health outcomes. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mental health outcomes. However, there have been no studies focused on the relationship between LTL and the future risk of depression and anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the associations between LTL and depression/anxiety, examining both cross-sectional prevalence and prospective incidence. Data from 364,331 UK Biobank participants were analyzed. LTL was measured at baseline, and mental health status was assessed through hospital records and online surveys. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed for cross-sectional and prospective analyses with appropriate adjustment, respectively. The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 57.03 (13.34) years and follow-up duration was 8.80 (5.39) years. Cross-sectionally, shorter LTL was associated with increased odds of depression (OR: 1.401, 95 % CI: 1.291–1.521) and anxiety (1.347 (1.198–1.515)) at baseline, which remained significant after adjustment. Among those free of depression/anxiety at baseline, baseline shorter LTL was associated with a higher risk of incident depression (HR: 1.615, 95 % CI: 1.447–1.803) and anxiety (1.430 (1.293–1.581)) during follow-up period. These associations remained robust after adjusting for various covariates. Our findings indicated an association between shorter telomeres and an increased risk of prevalent depression/anxiety and shorter telomeres precede the onset of these mental health conditions. Considering the potential clinical implications, our study underscores the relevance of LTL as a predictive tool for identifying individuals at risk of developing depression and anxiety. • Comprehensive analysis of UK Biobank data with cross-sectional and longitudinal mental health assessments. • Shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders. • Findings suggest that leukocyte telomere length may serve as a biological marker for mental health interventions. • Results enhance understanding of cellular aging's role in mental health, offering insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is growing attention towards atypical brain-body interactions and interoceptive processes and their potential role in psychiatric conditions, including affective and anxiety disorders. This paper aims to synthesize recent developments in this field. We present emerging explanatory models and focus on brain-body coupling and modulations of the underlying neurocircuitry that support the concept of a continuum of affective disorders. Grounded in theoretical frameworks like peripheral theories of emotion and predictive processing, we propose that altered interoceptive processes might represent transdiagnostic mechanisms that confer common vulnerability traits across multiple disorders. A deeper understanding of the interplay between bodily states and neural processing is essential for a holistic conceptualization of mental disorders. • Synthesizes research on altered interoception as a common mechanism in affective and anxiety disorders. • Utilizes a predictive processing framwork to explain how interoceptive disruptions contribute to psychiatric conditions. • Reviews evidence on how interoceptive signals affect emotional and cognitive processing. • Discusses the potential of interoception-based interventions for treating psychiatric disorders. • Challenges traditional diagnostic boundaries by proposing that interoceptive dysfunctions span across multiple disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Which adverse childhood experiences are causally associated with anxiety in adulthood is unclear. Sensitive Period Model states that early adverse experiences can influence anxiety levels in adulthood. However, it remains unknown which adverse experience is the most important early adverse factor for anxiety in adulthood, and whether early alleviation or aggravation of this adverse experience predicts a decrease or increase in anxiety levels in adulthood. A national cross-sectional survey was conducted from 20 June 2023 to 31 August 2023, with a total of 30,054 adults aged 18 years or older recruited on questionnaires that completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale and Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale. We used network analysis and computer simulation techniques to simulate aggravating and simulate alleviating interventions to observe changes in anxiety levels to identify early adverse experiences causally associated with anxiety levels in adulthood. The results of both the network analysis and the nodeIdentifyR algorithm (NIRA) indicated that in the Adverse Childhood Experiences-Anxiety Network (ACE-GAD Network), being cursed and insulted (CUR) by parents in childhood was the most severe early adverse experience contributing to anxiety in adulthood. In particular, simulated aggravation interventions targeting CUR in young and middle-aged adults resulted in significantly higher levels of anxiety in adulthood. This suggests that preventing verbal curses or insults in childhood can be an early preventive measure for future anxiety interventions. This study has important theoretical and practical implications, providing new insights for early prevention of anxiety and family education. • Adverse childhood experiences can affect anxiety in adulthood. • Being insulted is the most severe early adverse experience of anxiety in adulthood. • Adverse childhood experiences influence more in youth and middle life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-disgust, a negative self-conscious emotional schema that is associated with mental health difficulties in both clinical and non-clinical populations, is typically assessed with self-reported measures that target physical and behavioural aspects of the self. The aim of the present research was to develop and validate a novel implicit self-disgust measure (ISDM) using an Implicit Association Task (IAT) paradigm, across three studies. Study 1 developed a list of disgust-related and positive words that were rated for emotional valence and arousal and informed the content of the ISDM. Study 2 developed and examined the ISDM using the single-target IAT in a non-clinical population and showed that scores in the ISDM were significantly associated with self-reported self-disgust. Study 3 partly replicated the findings of Study 2 among participants with trauma-related experiences and following a mood induction paradigm, showing a significant association between the ISDM and the physical aspect of self-reported self-disgust. These findings are significant because they have implications about the automaticity of self-disgust in people with traumatic experiences which can further inform clinical practice and interventions targeting self-disgust. • The Implicit Self-Disgust Measure (ISDM) was developed and used for the first time. • The ISDM was associated with the total explicit self-disgust score in a non-clinical sample. • The ISDM was associated only with physical explicit self-disgust in participants with trauma experiences. • The ISDM was associated with trauma and anxiety symptoms in participants with trauma experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objective: This research aims to investigate the circadian rhythm in individuals with COVID-19 and healthy controls. We tested the association between disruptions of biological rhythms and psychiatric symptoms. Methods/participants: This cross-sectional study included a sample of adults with COVID-19 and controls. Biological rhythms were assessed by the Biological Rhythms in Neuropsychiatry Assessment Interview (BRIAN), while depression, sleep quality, anxiety, and stress levels were analyzed using specific scales. Results: 96 cases and 199 controls were assessed. Compared to controls, the cases showed higher biological rhythms dysfunction, especially in the sleep, activity, and eating behavior domains. Cases showed higher levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety compared to controls. BRIAN scores were positively correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and stress. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with circadian rhythms disturbances. Disruptions in the biological rhythm were related to a higher presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and depression are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate whether adding measures of anxiety and depression to the American Heart Association Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events (PREVENT) predictors improves the prediction of CVD risk. Methods: We developed and internally validated risk prediction models using 60% and 40% of the cohort data from the UK Biobank, respectively. Mental health predictors included baseline depressive symptom score and self-reported and record-based history of anxiety and depression diagnoses before the baseline. We identified CVD events using hospital admission and death certificate data over a 10-year period from baseline. We determined incremental predictive values by adding the mental health predictors to the PREVENT predictors using Harrell's C-indices, sensitivity, specificity, and net reclassification improvement indices. We used a threshold of 10-year risk of incident CVD of greater than 5%. Results: Of the 502 366 UK Biobank participants, we included 195 489 in the derivation set and 130 326 in the validation set. In the validation set, the inclusion of all mental health measures, except self-reported anxiety, produced a very modest increase in the C-index and specificity while sensitivity remained unchanged. Among these mental health predictors, depressive symptom score produced the greatest improvements in both C-index (difference of 0.005, 95% confidence interval 0.004–0.006) and specificity (difference of 0.89%). Depressive symptom score showed similar small improvements in female and male validation sets. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that the inclusion of measures of depression and anxiety in PREVENT would have little additional effect on the risk classification of CVD at the population level and may not be worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate sleep quality, chronotype preferences, anxiety, and depression levels in patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris and compare them with healthy controls. This cross-sectional case-control study included 92 patients with acne vulgaris and 59 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Acne severity was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS); sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); chronotype preferences using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); and anxiety and depression levels using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). There were no significant differences in the MEQ, BDI, or BAI scores between the two groups. The PSQI score was significantly higher in the patient group than that in the control group. Acne severity was negatively correlated with the MEQ scores and positively correlated with the PSQI scores. When the patient group was divided into three subgroups according to acne severity (mild, moderate, and severe), significant differences in MEQ and BAI scores were observed between the groups. According to the post-hoc analysis, the severe acne group had higher BAI scores, while the mild acne group had higher MEQ scores. It would be more appropriate to be aware of the potential psychiatric comorbidities of acne vulgaris and adopt a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment and management process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a common intervention for managing coronary artery disease, which is often accompanied by postoperative psychological challenges such as anxiety and depression. This systematic review aims to evaluate the benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms and improving overall health outcomes in patients' post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: A search of Science Direct, PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, VHL, Cochrane, and Scopus databases was conducted until October 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials reporting on CBT or CBT-based interventions tailored for CABG patients, with anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as quality of life, as primary outcomes. Hospital stay and satisfaction with therapy were considered secondary outcomes. Results: The findings highlighted that CBT led to improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as reduced hospital stays, lowered hopelessness levels, and increased satisfaction with therapy. The long-term effects of CBT on CABG patients need to be studied, focusing on larger samples and patient compliance. Furthermore, assessment of CBT implementation in real-world clinical settings is important for feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness across different regions. Conclusion: This review underscores the positive impact of CBT on mitigating depression and anxiety symptoms and boosting the quality of life of individuals post-CABG surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is important to timely capture the fluctuation of the symptoms related to major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most conventionally used assessment tools for MDD symptoms are not designed for real-time assessment. The Immediate Mood Scaler (IMS) is suitable for the real-time evaluation of the mood of patients with MDD. Methods: The original IMS was translated into Chinese and back-translated. At baseline, data from 368 patients with MDD, including demographic information and scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and IMS, were collected. In total, 185 participants completed the retest at Week 2 which included the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and IMS. Internal structural validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were evaluated with the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the Pearson correlation, and Cronbach's α, respectively. Responsiveness was anchored by the change of the PHQ-9 total scores from baseline to Week 2 and predictability was tested using the multivariate linear mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM). Results: Two factors with an eigenvalue greater than 1, corresponding to IMS-Depression and IMS-Anxiety subscales, were identified using CFA. The Cronbach's α that evaluated internal consistency was 0.96, 0.95, and 0.92 for the scores of the IMS, IMS-Depression subscale, and IMS-Anxiety subscale at baseline, respectively. The depression and anxiety subscales at baseline showed high subscale-total correlations (r = 0.96 for the depression subscale; r = 0.89 for the anxiety subscale). The test-retest ICC (0.65, 95%CI: 0.53–0.73) of the IMS at baseline and Week 2 show high reliability. The total score of IMS had significant correlations with that of the PHQ-9 (r = 0.52, P < 0.001) and GAD-7(r = 0.43, P < 0.001), indicating good construct validity. In patients with MDD who showed changes in mood, the changes in total scores of the IMS from baseline to the retest were statistically significant with a mean difference of 13.3 (SD: 20.1), an ES of 0.66, and an SRM of 0.3, showing good responsiveness. Also, the baseline IMS-Depression subscale score could predict the change in the PHQ-9 score over the two weeks (t = 2.19, P = 0.029). Conclusions: Study findings suggest that the Chinese version of the IMS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing mood symptoms in patients with MDD in China. Further validation studies of the Chinese version IMS in different regions and at various levels of medical institutions are needed to further confirm the current findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has surged, with an estimated 1 in 36 eight-year-olds in the United States meeting criteria for ASD in 2020. Autistic individuals face elevated rates of co-occurring medical, psychiatric, and behavioral conditions compared to non-autistic individuals. The rising ASD-patient demand is increasingly outpacing the capacity of ASD-specialty clinics, resulting in urgent need for autism-competent providers in general practice settings. This work aims to empower healthcare providers, especially primary care providers (PCPs), with guidelines for the recognition and safe pharmacologic management of common co-occurring psychiatric and behavioral conditions in ASD. Methods: Lurie Center for Autism medical providers, who have extensive experience in ASD care, delineated approaches for recognition and pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbances, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and irritability tailored to ASD patients. Pharmacological guidelines were iteratively refined until consensus was reached. Treatment differences relative to standard of care (SOC) of non-autistic individuals are noted. Key literature and clinical trial results were reviewed to supplement clinical experience. Results: The pharmacological treatment pathways reflect how appropriate medication options for ASD patients can depend on many factors unique to the patient and can differ from established non-autistic SOC. Key takeaways include: For sleep disturbances in ASD, initial strategies align with non-autistic SOC, emphasizing sleep hygiene and melatonin use. First-line recommendations for treating ADHD, anxiety, and depression in ASD differ from non-autistic SOC; α2-adrenergic agonists are more suitable than stimulants for some ASD-ADHD patients, buspirone and mirtazapine are preferred to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for anxiety, and duloxetine, mirtazapine, bupropion, and vortioxetine are recommended ahead of SSRIs for depression. Addressing irritability in ASD requires interdisciplinary evaluation of contributing factors, and guanfacine, risperidone, or aripiprazole may be appropriate, depending on severity. Conclusions: Recognition and treatment of co-occurring psychiatric and behavioral conditions in autistic patients must account for differences in clinical presentation and medication effectiveness and tolerability. Drawing on evidence-based clinical insights, these guidelines seek to support PCPs in making informed decisions when prescribing medications for ASD patients with co-occurring psychiatric and behavioral conditions, ultimately enhancing access to timely, comprehensive care for all individuals with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveMethodResultsDiscussionNon-stress test (NST) assesses fetal well-being but may induce anxiety in pregnant women, potentially affecting results. Spousal support significantly impacts psychological well-being and emotional state, playing a critical role in social support systems.This study was conducted to examine the effect of spousal support during the NST on the anxiety levels of pregnant women and fetal well-being.This study was a single-blind randomized controlled study. The sample comprised 60 pregnant women (30 in each group: intervention and control). The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, NST Signs Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Spouse Support Scale (SSS).The pre-intervention STAI and SSS scores of the groups were similar (p > 0.05). Post-intervention SAI in the intervention group was statistically significantly reduced both within the group and between the groups (p < 0.05). The groups were similar in terms of the fetal heart rate, acceleration, deceleration, variability and reactivity (p > 0.05).This study demonstrates that spousal support during NST reduces the anxiety levels of pregnant women but does not affect fetal well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L2 (second language) grit, an essential personal resource involving perseverance of effort and consistency of interest, has been well documented via a variable-centred method. The current study employed latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centred approach, to identify the potential profiles of L2 grit, moving beyond previous studies by recognizing student heterogeneity. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study also examined the relationship between L2 grit, foreign language anxiety, and achievement within the identified profiles of L2 grit. Three profiles of L2 grit were disclosed, namely, “medium effort and interest”, “great effort but weak interest”, and “great effort and interest”. The facilitative function of foreign language anxiety on achievement was realised only for those within the “great effort and interest” profile, which was interpreted as the optimal configuration of personal resources from the lens of COR theory. This study generated insights for future studies on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On October 7, 2023, a large-scale attack in southern Israel and the subsequent war resulted in extensive loss of life and injuries, with many individuals experiencing traumatic losses, such as family members or close friends being killed or kidnapped. This study aims to longitudinally examine its effects on mental health, specifically, clinical symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We anticipated greater symptom severity among individuals who experienced traumatic loss, were forcibly displaced, or suffered income loss, as well as among women and members of ethnic minorities. This three-wave online survey study assessed mental health symptoms in a sample of 1052 individuals, aged 18–40, residing in conflict zones in Israel from February 2024 (day 1), through March 2024 (day 30), to May 2024 (day 90). Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD). Individuals experiencing traumatic losses, forced displacement, or economic hardships, as well as females, consistently demonstrated higher rates of anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms compared to those without such experiences or to males, across all time points (F values ranged from 17.7 to 215.3, p <.001). For ethnic minorities (Arab and other), as compared to Jewish, anxiety and depression symptoms were higher at every time point (F = 8.3–97.1, p =.004 to <.001). This study highlights the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions in conflict zones, particularly for affected individuals. Further research should expand these findings to broader populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity particularly during childhood is considered a global public health crisis and has been linked with later life health consequences including mental health. However, there is lack of causal understanding if childhood body size has a direct effect on mental health or has an indirect effect after accounting for adulthood body size. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to estimate the total effect and direct effect (accounting for adulthood body size) of childhood body size on anxiety and depression. We used summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UK Biobank (n = 453,169) and large-scale consortia of anxiety (Million Veteran Program) and depression (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) (n = 175,163 and n = 173,005, respectively). Results: Univariable MR did not indicate genetically predicted effects of childhood body size with later life anxiety (beta = − 0.05, 95% CI = − 0.13, 0.02) and depression (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.20). However, using multivariable MR, we observed that the higher body size in childhood reduced the risk of later life anxiety (beta = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.29, − 0.08) and depression (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.97) upon accounting for the effect of adulthood body size. Both univariable and multivariable MR indicated that higher body size in adulthood increased the risk of later life anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Higher body size in adulthood may increase the risk of anxiety and depression, independent of childhood higher body size. In contrast, higher childhood body size does not appear to be a risk factor for later life anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWorking memory (WM), the cognitive system that briefly stores and updates information during complex tasks, is one of the most consistently identified neurocognitive deficits in individuals with ADHD. WM deficits are linked to significant challenges in daily life. Adults with ADHD often experience co-occurring anxiety and mood disorders, which are associated with more severe clinical presentations and greater WM deficits. Disentangling how co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms uniquely contribute to WM deficits in individuals with ADHD is critical for tailoring effective, evidence-based interventions and treatments. This study used a regression approach to explore the relationships among anxiety, depression symptoms, and WM performance in adults with ADHD (n = 439) referred for neuropsychological evaluation at a Midwestern academic medical center. ADHD diagnostic group (ADHD-I and ADHD-C; Predominately Inattentive presentation, and Combined presentation, respectively), depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were modeled as predictors of WM performance, with education as a covariate, as education is linked to better cognitive performance. Anxiety and education significantly predicted WM performance, while depression did not, highlighting distinct effects. Anxiety was associated with poorer WM performance, whereas education was linked to better WM. These results emphasize the need for clinical assessments that account for the impacts of specific symptoms on WM in adults with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the recent history of the United Kingdom—Australia defence relationship in context of the Australia—United Kingdom—United States (AUKUS) submarine agreement. Drawing on defence and foreign-policy white papers as well as public polling, it analyses the framing and significance of the UK as a defence partner in the early 21st century, tracing changes against the unfolding War on Terror, the rise of China as a major power, the election of Donald Trump and the Brexit referendum. The article shows that insecurities about the US alliance and the perceived threat from China corresponded with a turning back towards the UK as a source of safety, drawing on the imperial nostalgia evident in Brexiteers’ “Global Britain” campaign to normalise the dynamic. The article argues that imperial nostalgia works to neutralise Australian anxieties about overdependence on the US by conceptualising the former colonial parent as an equal ally within the AUKUS triad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I examine the work of the negative, in particular denial, through the case of a sick child and his family, and its transformations. A child's serious illness mobilizes the family group in particular to deny, in a collusive manner, breakdown and death anxieties. I hypothesize that Emile's serious illness shifted the family alliance from a narcissistic contract to a negative pact. However, according to several authors, the negative has a double significance and can be structuring. I will show how therapy and playing with this child encouraged the emergence of greater symbolization and the elaboration of the Oedipus complex, or how to move from a devastating, disorganising negative, a pure product of the death drive, to a structuring negative, where life drives and death drives become entangled. The analyst's investment in the child's psychic life allows the objectalising function to unfold, which, as this therapy shows, involves taking the sexual function into account. Narcissistic issues are also dealt with, in an intricate way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion The study was conducted to determine the effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, with a premenstrual syndrome sample comprising 78 single female students of reproductive age presenting with PMS complaints (40 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were interviewed individually in the week before their menstrual cycle and received two EFT sessions with a 3‐day interval.The participants in the experimental group had higher post‐test subjective units of experience (SUE) mean scores (experimental group mean 7.8 ± 1.7; control group mean 0.5 ± 5.7) and lower post‐test PMS total (experimental group mean 76.8 ± 30.1; control group mean 127.4 ± 34.6) and subscale mean scores than the students in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In repeated measures analysis, time‐dependent change showed statistical significance between the groups (P < 0.05).The EFT was found to be an effective non‐pharmacologic intervention for coping with PMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionThe purpose of this study was to test dyadic interdependence in psychological distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and explore moderators of interdependence among cancer survivors in treatment and their informal caregivers.Cancer survivors and their caregivers completed measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms, social support, social isolation, and burden of other symptoms, at three points in time over the course of 17 weeks.In 315 dyads, depressive symptoms and anxiety were transmitted from caregivers to survivors. Survivors with high symptom burden or low social support were especially influenced by caregivers’ depressive symptoms. Caregivers who had high social isolation or low social support were most likely to be influenced by survivors’ depressive symptoms.Psychological distress is transmitted within dyads during cancer treatment. Dyadic interdependence was most pronounced from caregivers to survivors. Symptom burden, social isolation, and low social support enhanced this dyadic interdependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To recognise that medical procedure-induced anxiety in children has significant short- and long-term negative effects, with implications for treatment, recovery, patient satisfaction and cost • To be aware that individualised and age-appropriate non-pharmacological interventions can be effective in managing children’s medical procedure-induced anxiety • To identify the significant role of children’s nurses and other healthcare professionals in managing children’s medical procedure-induced anxiety. Medical procedure-induced anxiety in children can have short- and long-term negative effects. Research shows that children’s anxiety can be affected by non-pharmacological interventions and adults’ behaviours in a complex manner. This article presents a scoping review of the literature on non-pharmacological interventions to manage medical procedure-induced anxiety in children. Based on this review, the authors propose a framework comprising six strategies for effective non-pharmacological management of medical procedure-induced anxiety in children. A real-life, and anonymised, example is used to illustrate this framework in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High UPF intakes among adults are associated with a higher risk of depression. • Processed foods (PF) intakes are associated with lower depression and anxiety. • More research is needed to investigate the link between PF and mental health. While low dietary quality has been linked to poor mental health, evidence on more direct relations of specific dietary quality indicators, namely degrees of food processing, with mental health disorders remains limited. This study aims to investigate the association between food groups' intakes, defined based on their degree of food processing, with depression and anxiety symptoms in a sample of Lebanese adults. We hypothesized that higher intakes of ultra-processed foods (UPF) will be related to higher risk of depression and anxiety while an opposite association will be observed for unprocessed or minimally processed foods (MPF). Data come from a Lebanese cross-sectional study (n = 188 adults). The NOVA classification was adopted for evaluating the intakes of the 4 food groups: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (MPF); processed culinary ingredients (PCI); processed foods (PF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF). Associations between food group intakes in quartiles with depression and anxiety symptoms were analyzed using multivariable regression analyses adjusted for several confounders. Median energy intake was 2481.65 (2617.2) kcal/d, with 36.12% of Total Energy Intakes coming from MPF, 29.71% from PF, 25.25% from UPF, and 5.75% from PCI. Among participants, 33% and 27.7% had elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Higher PF intake was associated with significantly lower odds of both depression and anxiety symptoms while a higher UPF intake was associated with higher odds of depression. Results confirm the hypothesized links between UPF and adverse mental health outcomes and highlight the need for further studies on PF intakes and mental health given the culture-specific nature of foods constituting this group. This study investigated the association between depression, anxiety, and the intakes of food groups defined based on their processing level according to the NOVA Classification System. Despite the small sample size, the results showed that high UPF intake was associated with a higher risk of depression in Lebanese adults, while higher intake of PF, which included canned fish, canned legumes, canned vegetables, and canned fruits was associated with lower risk of both depression and anxiety.Abbreviations: PF: processed foods; UPF: ultra-processed foods. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies suggest that depression/anxiety form part of the multiple sclerosis (MS) prodrome. However, several biases have not been addressed. We re-examined this association after correcting for: (i) misclassification of individuals not seeking healthcare, (ii) differential surveillance of depression/anxiety in the health system, and (iii) misclassified person-time from using the date of the first MS-related diagnostic claim (i.e., a demyelinating event) as a proxy for MS onset. In this cohort study, we applied a validated algorithm to health administrative ('claims') data in British Columbia, Canada (1991–2020) to identify MS cases, and matched to general population controls. The neurologist-recorded date of MS symptom onset was available for a subset of the MS cases. We identified depression/anxiety in the 5-years preceding the first demyelinating claim using a validated algorithm. We compared the prevalence of depression/anxiety using modified Poisson regression. To account for misclassification and differential surveillance, we applied probabilistic bias analyses; for misclassified person-time, we applied time-distribution matching to the MS symptom onset date. Our cohort included 9929 MS cases and 49,574 controls. The prevalence ratio for depression/anxiety was 1.74 (95 %CI: 1.66–1.81). Following correction for misclassification, differential surveillance using a detection ratio of 1.11, and misclassified person-time, the prevalence ratio increased to 3.25 (95 %CI: 1.98–40.54). When the same correction was conducted, but a detection ratio of 1.16 was applied, the prevalence ratio increased to 3.13 (95 %CI: 1.97–33.52). Previous conventional analyses were biased towards the null, leading to an under-estimation of the association between depression/anxiety and MS in the prodromal period. This first application of probabilistic quantitative bias analysis within MS research demonstrates both its feasibility and utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regularly administering outcome measures to clients to inform clinical decision making, referred to as measurement-based care (MBC), has the potential to improve mental health treatment due to its applicability across disorders and treatment settings. Given the utility of MBC, understanding predictors of high-fidelity MBC implementation is important. Training and consultation are widely used implementation strategies to increase the fidelity of evidence-based practice delivery but have rarely been studied with MBC. The current study will examine the relationship between time clinicians spent discussing a case in consultation ("dosage") and MBC fidelity. Thirty clinicians and 56 youth were in the MBC condition of a randomized controlled trial and completed baseline questionnaires. Consultation dosage was extracted from call notes. MBC fidelity was measured using the implementation index, which combines rates of administering and viewing questionnaires, using objective data from the online MBC system. Multi-level modeling was used. Greater consultation dosage significantly predicted a higher implementation index (ß = 0.27, SE = 0.06, p <.001). For every 30 min spent discussing a case in consultation, the case's MBC fidelity increased by 8.1%. Greater consultation dosage significantly predicted higher rates of administration (ß = 0.07, SE = 0.03, p = 0.033) and feedback report viewing (ß = 0.24, SE = 0.06, p <.001). More consultation at the case level predicts greater MBC fidelity using objective measures. The greatest impact was increasing the clinician feedback report viewing rate. The results of this study can help inform future efforts to increase the fidelity with which MBC is delivered and to make consultation as efficient and effective as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the associations between teacher mental health and student mental health. Cross-sectional data were collected from 127,877 students aged 9–20 years and 2,759 teachers across 31 provinces in China. The mental health of students and teachers were assessed by well-being (life satisfaction and positive mental health), and psychological distress (depression and anxiety). Controlling for demographic variables, multilevel regression analyses suggest that higher teacher positive mental health was linked to higher student positive mental health and lower student depression; higher teacher depression were correlated with higher student depression; and teacher life satisfaction and anxiety were not correlated with any indicators of student mental health. The study highlights the significant association between teacher mental health and student mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Drinking more and drinking to cope increase undergraduates' likelihood of experiencing alcohol-related problems (ARP; e.g., driving intoxicated). In accordance with stress-coping models of addiction, anxiety about COVID-19 may motivate undergraduates to drink to cope, leading them to experience more ARP. However, this hypothesis has not been tested. Participants and methods: During fall 2020, 358 undergraduate drinkers (Mage = 21.18; 69.80% cis-women; 62.30% White) provided data regarding COVID-anxiety, alcohol consumption, drinking to cope, and ARP during an annual student survey. Results: Mediation analysis controlling for alcohol consumption revealed greater COVID-anxiety predicted higher levels of drinking to cope; in turn, higher levels of drinking to cope were associated with more ARP. Additionally, the positive relationship between greater COVID-anxiety and experiencing more ARP was explained entirely by higher levels of drinking to cope. Conclusion: During the pandemic and beyond, university prevention and intervention initiatives should target coping motives for alcohol use to help students avoid ARP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has explored the associations between anxiety, depression, and academic burnout primarily from a variable‐level perspective. However, there is limited understanding of which symptoms might play a significant role in anxiety, depression, and academic burnout among adolescents at different stages. Methods: This study included 7,286 adolescents aged 10 to 18. Questionnaires assessed participants' anxiety, depression, and academic burnout. Network analysis was conducted on the overall sample and segmented by early, middle, and late adolescence to explore relationships between symptoms and variations in symptom expression across these stages, aiming to propose effective interventions targeting anxiety, depression, and academic burnout symptoms in early, middle, and late adolescence. Results: The study found that "feeling that studying is meaningless" emerged as a core symptom in the overall sample. Additionally, "acting or speaking slowly" emerged as a core symptom in early adolescence, while "the thought of dying or hurting" and "feeling bad about yourself, letting your family down" were prominent in middle adolescence, and "easily annoyed or irritable" and "feeling tired" may be prioritized in late adolescence. The varying central symptoms across different adolescent stages suggest the need for targeted interventions. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of interventions tailored to specific symptoms to meet the unique needs of adolescents at different developmental stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since it first appeared, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant and lasting negative impact on the health and economies of millions of individuals all over the globe. At the level of individual health too, many patients are not recovering fully and experiencing a long-term condition now commonly termed 'long-COVID'. Long-COVID is a collection of symptoms which must last more than 12 weeks following initial COVID infection, and which cannot be adequately explained by alternate diagnoses. The neurological and psychosocial impact of long-COVID is itself now a global health crisis and therefore preventing, diagnosing, and managing these patients is of paramount importance. This review focuses primarily on: neurological functioning deficits; mental health impacts; long-term mood problems; and associated psychosocial issues, among patients suffering from long-COVID with an eye towards the neurological basis of these symptoms. A concise account of the clinical relevance of the neurological and psychosocial impacts of long-COVID, the effects on long-term morbidity, and varied approaches in managing patients with significant chronic neurological symptoms and conditions was extracted from the literature, analysed and reported. A comprehensive account of plausible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of long-COVID, its management, and future research needs have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is scarce information in Middle-Eastern Europe regarding the prevalence of anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and its association with different clinical-demographic factors. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of anxiety in Hungarian MS patients and to analyze associated factors. Materials and methods: We evaluated 260 PwMS with the STAI-5 anxiety questionnaire. Fatigue (FIS), depression (BDI-II) and cognition (BICAMS) were also measured. Patients underwent standard neurological evaluations to evaluate Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and also measured the fine motor skills of the hand with the 9-hole peg test (9HPT), and the walking distance with the 25-foot walking test (T25FW). Results: We identified 23.1% (N = 60) of the patients with anxiety (only state, trait or both forms concurrently). According to our two univariate, multivariable logistic regression analysis, fatigue and depression are strongly associated with both state and trait anxiety. In the absence of fatigue, the odds of trait anxiety are 82% lower (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06–0.53; p = 0.002), while in the case of pwMS without depression, the odds are reduced by 81% (OR: 0.19; CI95%= 0.07–0.51, p = 0.001). This association with fatigue (OR: 0.33; CI95%= 0.13–0.85, p = 0.021) and depression (OR: 0.14; CI95%=0.06–0.35; p < 0.001) can also be statistically verified on state anxiety. Importantly, a significant association with state anxiety was found in SPSM patients as well (OR: 34.94; CI95%=2.55-479.61; p = 0.008). Conclusions: Anxiety was strongly associated with fatigue, depression, and secondary progressive disease form. These results emphasize the burden of psychiatric morbidity in pwMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well evidenced that Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are important mental health determinants, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3) is widely used globally to assess EMS, and has yet to be validated in the Arabic language. The aim of the current study was to validate the Arabic version of the YSQ-S3 in Arabic-speaking young adults from Lebanon. This cross-sectional study was carried out between September and December 2020. A total of 1175 participants was recruited through convenience sampling. The data was collected through an online questionnaire containing the following sections: sociodemographic information about the participants, Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form Version 3 (YSQ-S3), the Lebanese Anxiety Scale (LAS-10), the Beirut Distress Scale (BDS-10) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a reasonable fit to the 5-domain structure of the questionnaire. All scores showed high McDonald's omega values (0.91–0.97). Additionally, all maladaptive domains were significantly and positively correlated with more depression, anxiety and stress, attesting for their concurrent validity. Finally, analyses supported the measurement invariance of the Arabic YSQ-S3, with no difference found between men and women in all domains. The results of the current study suggest that the YSQ-S3 is a valid instrument to assess EMS among the Arabic-speaking population. The validation of the Arabic version of the YSQ-S3 should facilitate the evaluation of EMS for clinicians in their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: War has been recognized throughout history for its devastating effects on societies, and these effects have not been limited to physical destruction. In the modern era, even wars in remote regions have profound psychological effects on large masses due to the instant information transfer brought about by globalization and technology. Aim: This study aims to examine in depth the effects of exposure to war news on the collective mental health of individuals through a phenomenological approach. Methods: In this qualitative study using a phenomenological research design, one of the purposive sampling methods, criterion sampling, was employed. Face‐to‐face in‐depth interviews lasting approximately 35–45 min were conducted with 20 participants. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the obtained data. Data were collected according to COREQ criteria. Results: According to the analysis results, three main categories emerged as follows: echoes of collective anxiety, keys to maintaining spiritual resilience, and navigating the media storm. Discussion: This research provides important findings on the psychological and social effects of the media by examining the impact of war news on public mental health in depth. It was determined that war news has the potential to spread social anxiety and fear. Participants expressed the negative effects of war news on psychological and physical health and stated that this situation creates a wide wave of anxiety and psychological storms. The constant coverage of war news in the media also affects social empathy, shaping society's ability to support each other in times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]