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The plasma hydrogenation technique is widely recognized as an efficient tool for modifying graphene's physical and chemical properties. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between plasma and graphene at the atomic scale can provide valuable insights into the potential applications of graphene. Here, using MD (molecular dynamics) simulations and the existence of different ionic species in hydrogen plasma, we investigate the multilayer graphene etching process under H x + (x = 1 - 3) ion irradiation. The ion energy range is chosen between 2.5 and 40 eV. It is shown that for all three ion species at the lower energy, ions cannot penetrate the lower layers, and hydrogenation of graphene increases with ion fluence until it reaches saturation. At higher energies, ions can penetrate and etching can be observed for all three ionic species. Among these species, the H 2 + ion exhibits the fastest initiation of etching on the top layer. Due to the higher observed percentage of an H 3 + ion in some hydrogen plasmas and the dependency of the energy barrier for hydrogen chemisorption in graphene on the number of layers, we also consider a wide range of energies for an H 3 + ion and investigate one- and four-layer graphene irradiated by H 3 + ions. It is seen that the hydrogenation rate of one-layer graphene is lower than four-layer graphene, and the etching process begins at an energy of ≈ 20 eV. It is also indicated that the etching initiates at lower ion doses by increasing the energy of the H 3 + ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of viscoelastic fluids are governed by a memory function, essential yet challenging to compute, especially when diffusion faces boundary restrictions. We propose a computational method that captures memory effects by analyzing the time-correlation function of the pressure tensor, a viscosity indicator, through the Stokes–Einstein equation's analytic continuation into the Laplace domain. We integrate this equation with molecular dynamics simulations to derive necessary parameters. Our approach computes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line shapes using a generalized diffusion coefficient, accounting for temperature and confinement geometry. This method directly links the memory function with thermal transport parameters, facilitating accurate NMR signal computation for non-Markovian fluids in confined geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Belondira khorramshahii sp. n. is described, based on morphological observations and D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA analysis, collected from the rhizosphere of Persian oak (Quercus brantii L.) trees in Lorestan Province, Iran. The new species is characterized by its medium sized (L = 1.04–1.36 mm in adults) body; lip region width 6.5–8.0 μm, amalgamated, continuous with body counter; presence of distinct labial and post-labial sclerotizations; odontostyle 4.0–5.5 μm long with distinct lumen and aperture, neck 220–260 μm long; pharyngeal expansion 84–107 μm, V = 33–36; female reproductive system mono-opisthodelphic, anterior uterine sac 24.0–38.0 μm, tail cylindrical (2.8.5–33.5 μm, c = 38–46; c′ = 1.2–1.4 in females; 30.5–34.0 μm long; c = 33–39; c´ = 1.3–1.6 in males) with rounded end, spicules 30–34 μm long, three ventromedian supplements and lacking hiatus. The new species morphologically comes most close to B. apitica and B. tarjani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the growth of utilizing rural microgrids (RMGs) has been accompanied by various challenges. These necessitate the development of appropriate models for optimal generation in RMGs and RMGs' coordination. In this paper, two distinct models for RMGs are presented. The first model includes an islanded rural microgrid (IRMG) and the second model consists of three RMGs that are interconnected with one another and linked to the distribution network. The proposed models take into account the uncertainty in load, photovoltaics (PVs), and wind turbines (WTs) with consideration of their correlation by using a scenario-based technique. Three objective functions are defined for optimization: minimizing operational costs including maintenance and fuel expenses, reducing voltage deviation to maintain power quality, and decreasing pollution emissions from fuel cells and microturbines. A new optimization method, namely the Improved Multi-Objective Crow Search Algorithm (IMOCSA), is proposed to solve the problem models. IMOCSA enhances the standard Crow Search Algorithm through three key improvements: an adaptive chaotic awareness probability to better balance exploration and exploitation, a mutation mechanism applied to the solution repository to prevent premature convergence, and a K-means clustering method to control repository size and increase algorithmic efficiency. Since the proposed problem is a multi-objective non-linear optimization problem with conflicting objectives, the idea of the Pareto front is used to find a group of optimal solutions. To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed models, they are implemented in two different case studies and the analysis and results are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Various treatments have been recommended to address this prevalent issue, with core stability and McKenzie exercises being among the most evidence-based options. However, recent comparative studies lack mechanical assessment and functional tests. This study compares the effects of core stability and McKenzie exercises on the range of motion, pain, disability, and function in patients with mechanical low back pain. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 22 patients received core stability exercises, and 22 received McKenzie exercises based on individual mechanical assessments. Before treatment, each patient underwent mechanical assessment via the McKenzie mechanical assessment form, pain assessment using the visual analog scale, disability evaluation with the Oswestry disability index questionnaire, muscle control, as well as function assessment with unilateral single limb stance, and range of motion evaluation using fingertip-to-floor distance measurements. All variables were measured again after 8 sessions over two weeks of intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in trunk flexion range of motion, disability, functional status, and pain (P>0.05). However, the two groups had no significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both core stabilization and McKenzie exercises are effective in reducing pain disability, increasing range of motion, and enhancing functional status in patients with mechanical low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The LEPR gene is a key focus in obesity research, with studies linking its polymorphisms to various diseases like polycystic ovarian syndrome and energy intake disorders. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of the rs2025804 variant within LEPR and its distribution among healthy individuals across diverse ethnic groups in Iran. Methods: The frequency of the rs2025804 genotype in the LEPR gene was analyzed in 1142 healthy adults representing different ethnicities in Iran. Saliva samples were randomly collected, and genomic DNA was extracted using a standard kit. Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Global Screening Array-24 BeadChip. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated using SPSS software version 22, with a 95% confidence level. Results: Among the 1142 individuals surveyed across 29 provinces, 683 (59.81%) had genotype AA, 408 (35.73%) had genotype AG, and 51 (4.47%) had genotype GG. The allele frequencies for A and G were found to be 1774 (77.67%) and 510 (22.32%), respectively. Our findings show a unique allele distribution compared to other ethnic groups, with genotype AA being the most prevalent (59.81%), followed by AG (35.73%) and GG (4.47%). Allele frequencies are A (77.67%) and G (22.32%). Conclusions: This study documents the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2025804 in the LEPR gene among healthy Iranians for the first time. Routine LEPR genotyping could potentially serve as a screening tool for obesity-related disorders, given these results. This enhances our understanding of genetic diversity and holds promise for targeted healthcare interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the flow, loss, and recovery of the information between a system and its environment is essential for advancing quantum technologies. The central spin system serves as a useful model for a single qubit, offering valuable insights into how quantum systems can be manipulated and protected from decoherence. This work uses the stimulated echo experiment to track the information flow between the central spin and its environment, providing a direct measure of the sensitivity of system/environment correlations to environmental dynamics. The extent of mixing and the growth of correlations are quantified through autocorrelation functions of the noise and environmental dynamics, which also enable the estimation of nested commutators between the system/environment and environmental Hamiltonians. Complementary decoupling experiments offer a straightforward measure of the strength of the system Hamiltonians. The approach is experimentally demonstrated on a spin system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine and quantify whether the association between preterm birth (PTB) and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is mediated by gestational weight gain (GWG). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a large randomized community non‐inferiority trial using a cohort design. The data of 26 101 pregnant women in their first trimester who sought prenatal care and met eligibility criteria were included. The four‐way decomposition method was applied to screen for all types of association effects of pre‐pregnancy BMI on the risk of PTB. These effects include the total, direct, and various indirect effects including pure mediation via GWG, interactive effects with GWG, and mediated interaction with GWG, all adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Among the study participants, 24 461 (93.7%) had term deliveries, while 1640 (6.3%) experienced PTB. The results of the study showed that there was a positive association between pre‐pregnancy BMI among those with BMI more than 25 kg/m2 and the risk of PTB and this association was negatively mediated and interacted by GWG, which differed quantitatively between those who had inadequate, adequate, or excessive GWG. The total association effect showed that the risk was lowest for those who had underweight pre‐pregnancy BMI and adequate GWG (excess relative risk [RR]: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.11, P value: 0.022) and was highest for those who had obese pre‐pregnancy BMI and excessive GWG (excess RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35–1.00, P value <0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present prospective population‐based study demonstrated that pre‐pregnancy BMI >25 kg/m2 is directly and positively associated with the risk of preterm birth. The highest risk of preterm birth was observed among individuals with an obese pre‐pregnancy BMI who also experienced excessive GWG. Synopsis: The risk of preterm birth is lowest for underweight mothers with adequate gestational weight gain and highest for obese mothers with excessive GWG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature dependence of the nuclear free induction decay in the presence of a magnetic-field gradient was found to exhibit motional narrowing in gases upon heating, a behavior that is opposite to that observed in liquids. This has led to the revision of the theoretical framework to include a more detailed description of particle trajectories since decoherence mechanisms depend on histories. In the case of free diffusion and single components, the new model yields the correct temperature trends. The inclusion of boundaries in the current formalism is not straightforward. We present a hybrid SDE-MD (stochastic differential equation - molecular dynamics) approach whereby MD is used to compute an effective viscosity and the latter is fed to the SDE to predict the line shape. The theory is in agreement with the experiments. This two-scale approach, which bridges the gap between short (molecular collisions) and long (nuclear induction) timescales, paves the way for the modeling of complex environments with boundaries, mixtures of chemical species, and intermolecular potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of plyometric training with and without additional load on young male soccer players' jumping ability and isokinetic strength. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 39 U-17 male trained soccer players were randomly divided into plyometric training with additional load (PT+AL), plyometric training with just bodyweight (PTBW) and control (CON) groups. PT+AL and PTBW were performed for six weeks (2 days/week). Absolute peak torque (APT), relative peak torque (RPT), average peak torque (AvPT), time-to-peak torque (TPT), average rate of force development (AvRFD), vertical jump height (VJH), standing long jump (SLJ) and 15-second repeated jump tests (RJ15s) were assessed before and after the interventions. The findings showed that the performance of knee extensors in TPT-60°/s and AvRFD-60°/s, and knee flexors in APT-60°/s, RPT-60°/s, AvPT-60°/s, AvPT-120°/s, AvRFD-60°/s and AvRFD-120°/s significantly increased after PT+AL, compared to the CON (p < 0.05). Also, a significant improvement in jumping ability was observed in PT+AL compared to CON (p < 0.05). Additionally, PTBW also improved the performance of knee flexors in TPT-120°/s and AvRFD-120°/s, as well as RJ15s performance compared to the CON (p < 0.05). Furthermore, knee flexors AvRFD-60°/s increased significantly after PT+AL, compared to PTBW (p < 0.05). SO, plyometric training, with or without additional load, improved young male soccer players' strength and jumping ability. However, strength parameters – especially the rate of force development – showed a greater increase following PT + AL compared to PTBW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the association between blood pressure (BP) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and emotional states, considering the disease awareness and commitment to treatment among the Iranian adult population. This cross-sectional study uses the data of 7257 and 2449 individuals aged ≥ 20 who had completed data on HRQoL and emotional states, respectively. Linear and logistic regression were used to evaluate the mentioned association. The results showed that commitment to treatment had an inverse association with physical HRQoL in both sexes, except for bodily pain in men. Concerning mental HRQoL, in women, poor medication adherence was linked to a decline in mental HRQoL and social functioning, while good treatment adherence was associated with a reduction in the mental health domain. However, except for a decrease in vitality of hypertensive males with high treatment adherence, no significant association was found between their mental HRQoL and BP. In women, increased commitment to treatment was associated with anxiety, whereas poor commitment was related to depression and stress. The undiagnosed disease was not associated with any HRQoL and emotional state deficits. This study highlights the significance of psychiatric assessment, counseling, and support services while taking into account gender-specific differences among hypertensive patients. It also emphasizes the necessity for customized interventions for both men and women to improve their mental well-being and adherence to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite concerns regarding safety, economics, and the environment, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considerably utilized on account of their low energy density and capacity. Li–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have become a promising substitute for LIBs. Here, we first compared both systems in their cons and pros and analyzed the leading countries and companies in Li–S research are assessed through the utilization of an academic database. The scope of our research includes performance-enhancing design elements, cathode components, and binder materials. Synthetic and natural binders are trialed in an effort to enhance Li–S performance. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms enables the development of durable cathodes and binders. To overcome obstacles such as polysulfide adsorption, shuttle effect, and ion transport limitations, conducting polymers, metal/metal oxides, carbon-based compounds, MOFs, and Mxenes are investigated as potential cathode materials. In addition to pore characteristics and active polar sites, the efficacy of a battery is influenced by the anode surface geometry and heteroatom doping. Our review indicates that binders and sulfur/host composites must be meticulously chosen for Li–S battery cathode materials. This research advances energy storage technology by establishing the foundation for economically viable lithium–sulfur batteries with superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical power systems are the lifeblood of modern civilization, providing the essential energy infrastructure that powers our homes, industries, and technologies. As our world increasingly relies on electricity, and modern power systems incorporate renewable energy sources, the challenges have become more complex, necessitating advanced forecasting and optimization to ensure effective operation and sustainability. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of electrical power systems and delves into the crucial roles that forecasting and optimization play in ensuring future sustainability. The paper examines various forecasting methodologies from traditional statistical approaches to advanced machine learning techniques, and it explores the challenges and importance of renewable energy forecasting. Additionally, the paper offers an in-depth look at various optimization problems in power systems including economic dispatch, unit commitment, optimal power flow, and network reconfiguration. Classical optimization methods and newer approaches such as meta-heuristic algorithms and artificial intelligence-based techniques are discussed. Furthermore, the review paper examines the integration of forecasting and optimization, demonstrating how accurate forecasts can enhance the effectiveness of optimization algorithms. This review serves as a reference for electrical engineers developing sophisticated forecasting and optimization techniques, leading to changing consumer behaviors, addressing environmental concerns, and ensuring a reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rhabditis maupasi is re-described and reviewed based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular (D2-D3 expansion segment of the rDNA 28S) analysis collected from northwest Iran. The species is characterised by having a 1.1-1.9 mm long body, lateral fields with three incisures, the lip region offset by a depression, 12-15 μ m wide, with six globular lips, the stoma rhabditoid, 14-20 μ m long, with distinct cheilo-, gymno- and stegostom; cheilostom slightly cuticularised, gymno-promesostegostom a short tube with well-cuticularised walls, metastegostom with glottoid apparatus bearing small teeth, stomatal or pharyngeal collar covering 40-60% of stoma; pharynx well developed, the pharyngeal corpus consisting of a more or less cylindrical procorpus and swollen metacorpus (median bulb), basal bulb ovoid to pyriform, with grinder and narrow haustrulum, excretory pore at basal bulb level; vulva a transverse slit with protruding lips, the female tail conical-elongated (65-75 μ m, c = 16-26, c′ = 2.0-2.5), the male tail conoid, ventrally arcuate (29-34 μ m, c = 22-41, c′ = 0.7-1.0); spicules free, with pointed end and dagger-shaped, 61-72 μ m long, bursa pseudopeloderan, and with eight pairs of genital papillae plus the phasmid, and gubernaculum 34-36 μ m long. Furthermore, its relationship with four closely related species of the genus is discussed. A molecular phylogenetic study using a partial sequence of large subunit ribosomal DNA fragments revealed that R. maupasi forms a clade with R. terricola , recorded previously from Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this prospective study, we aimed to examine the association between ultra-processed foods and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to evaluate the effect of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on this association. Methods: This study included 1766 adults (aged 18 to 78, 54.3% women), who took part in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study. The Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2 was used to determine HRQoL, which includes the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Ultra-processed food consumption was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Lifestyle (physical activity and smoking status) and socioeconomic factors (education level and employment status) were also determined. General linear models (GLM) were applied to estimate the mean (95% confidence interval) for MCS and PCS scores across the ultra-processed foods tertiles. Additionally, the effect of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on the relationship between ultra-processed foods and HRQoL was examined using GLM. Results: The median consumption of ultra-processed foods was 11.9% (IQR: 8.2 to 16.8) of total energy intake. There was a significant inverse association between ultra-processed foods consumption and PCS, but not MCS, after adjustment for confounding factors. Significant interactions were observed between ultra-processed food consumption, sex, and occupation on PCS score (all P values < 0.001). The interaction test tended to be significant for smoking status, education levels, and physical activity levels. As ultra-processed food consumption increased, the PCS score significantly decreased in women (P = 0.043), low physical active subjects (P = 0.014), smokers (P = 0.015), and lower-educated individuals (P = 0.022). Non-employed individuals with higher ultra-processed food intake showed a decline in their PCS and MCS scores. While there was no significant difference in MCS score among different strata of lifestyle and socioeconomic status across tertiles of ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with poorer physical health, particularly among women, those with unhealthy lifestyles, and low socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the impact of manual therapy (friction massage) and pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training on erectile dysfunction (ED), pelvic floor muscle thickness, and blood flow in the penile arteries and veins in men who have undergone prostatic adenectomy (PA). Materials and Methods: This study employed a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial design. Forty patients participated and were divided into two groups: intervention and control (n=20 per group). The intervention group received 10 sessions of pelvic floor muscle training and manual therapy, while the control group solely underwent pelvic floor muscle training. The recovery rate was measured using the International Index of Erectile Function 15 (IIEF-15) questionnaire and Erection Hardness Score (EHS). Sonographic factors were assessed using simple and Doppler ultrasound. Results: The intervention group exhibited significantly higher erectile function scores (F(1,37)=158.04, P < 0.001, η2 P = 0.810) and a higher average total (IIEF-15) score (20.52) (F(1,37)=136.76, P < 0.001, η2 P = 0.787) com- pared to the control group in the post-test assessment. Comparison between the two groups revealed an increase in ultrasonic parameters such as the thickness of the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, maximum systolic velocity, and minimum diastolic velocity of the cavernosal artery in the intervention group. However, the maximum blood flow velocity in the posterior vein decreased. Conclusion: PFM training and friction massage play a significant role in managing ED following PA, positioning them as the primary treatment approach for men experiencing ED post-prostatectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs), reinforced with additional elements, including silicon carbide particles (SiC), are widely used in various industrial sectors and components. The main advantages of Al-MMCs are but not limited to high hardness, strength, and lightweight, while the main disadvantages are weak machinability and high wear in cutting tools. However, the literature review denotes that only limited studies are available on the effects of different cooling and lubrication methods, especially cryonic cooling parameters, on the tool wear morphologies, tool life, and the surface quality attributes of Al-MMCs parts. In cryogenic processes, various super-cold liquids, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, are employed around − 200°. Therefore, in this work, the effects of both cutting and cryogenic parameters on the flank wear size and surface roughness attributes Ra, Rq, and Rz were studied in the slot milling A356-10%SiC, which has received limited attention in the literature. The statistical analysis showed that the effect of cutting and cryogenic cooling parameters on the wear size was significant (R2 = 0.97). Compared with reported works, tool life was improved by around 26% under the same cutting conditions compared to readings made under dry mode. However, despite the measurement zone, an insignificant relationship was observed between surface roughness attributes and cutting parameters. Nevertheless, regardless of the roughness measurement zone, Ra had the highest correlation of determination (R2) to variation of cutting parameters, and cryogenic pressure had the most significant effect on all studied roughness attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Teledentistry is applied in oral medicine to help dental practitioners and specialists manage complex oral conditions. This scoping review aims to synthesize the available evidence regarding the technical requirements and the provision of security services, as well as the recommendations on standard oral cavity photography methods for using teledentistry in oral medicine. Method: The present scoping review was conducted in 2022 according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual. Four databases were systematically searched, including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest, from January 1999 to December 2021. After finalizing the search strategy, all the original articles, reviews, editorials, letters, comments, and book chapters were included. All the dissertations uploaded in English with a full-text electronic file were also included to achieve a comprehensive picture of the available literature. Two types of analysis were applied: the quantitative descriptive analysis applying Excel 2016 and the qualitative thematic analysis using MAXQDA version 10. Results: The included papers were published during 1999–2021. Most of the included articles were from Brazil (n = 9, 21.43%), India (n = 6, 14.28%), the USA (n = 6, 14.28%), and the UK (n = 5, 11.90%). Social media usage as a teledentistry platform increased considerably between 2019 and 2021. Teledentistry platforms have been classified into four categories, including email, telephone, social network applications (WhatsApp, zoom, Google Meeting, Instagram, line Application, Viber, and Messenger), and teledentistry systems (teledentistry systems, which were designed specially to perform a teledentistry project). Teledentistry has been conducted to store and forward (n = 15, 30.71%), real-time (n = 9, 21.43%), or both (n = 12, 35.71%). According to the thematic results, basic technical requirements have been categorized into four, including teledentistry platform, type of interactions, internet connection, and photography tool. Other thematic results demonstrate seven categories of recommendations, including general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of a mobile phone camera, photo sending requirements, and photo visualization. Conclusion: According to the results, over the past 7 years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, social network applications such as WhatsApp and Zoom have been used more frequently. Also, photography recommendations with a mobile phone camera depend on several factors such as general factors, light, patient position, phone position, setting of the mobile phone camera, and photo-sending requirements. Given the increased use of mobile cameras for oral photography, these recommendations can help improve the quality of images and subsequently improve the reliability of clinical decision-making in managing patients' conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease where immune cells attack insulin-producing beta cells. Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for T1DM. This study aims to evaluate the effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) in combination with pancreatic islet transplantation using hydrogel. Methods: T1DM mouse model was established using streptozotocin (STZ). Islets and AT-MSCs were co-embedded in a hydrogel and transplanted into diabetic mice. Five groups with six animals in each (control, hydrogel alone, AT-MSCs embedded hydrogel, islet embedded in hydrogel, and islet + AT-MSCs co-imbedded into a hydrogel) were evaluated in terms of blood glucose, insulin levels and serum and lavage cytokine production. Results: During 32 days, blood glucose levels decreased from over 400 mg/dl to less than 150 mg/dl in the transplanted mice. Analysis showed increased transformation growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and IL-4 levels, while IL-17 and IFN-γ levels significantly decreased in the MSC-treated groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that using AT-MSCs with hydrogel could be a beneficial alternative for enhancing pancreatic islet engraftment and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this prospective study, we aimed to examine the association between ultra-processed foods and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to evaluate the effect of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on this association. Methods: This study included 1766 adults (aged 18 to 78, 54.3% women), who took part in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study. The Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2 was used to determine HRQoL, which includes the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores. Ultra-processed food consumption was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Lifestyle (physical activity and smoking status) and socioeconomic factors (education level and employment status) were also determined. General linear models (GLM) were applied to estimate the mean (95% confidence interval) for MCS and PCS scores across the ultra-processed foods tertiles. Additionally, the effect of lifestyle and socioeconomic factors on the relationship between ultra-processed foods and HRQoL was examined using GLM. Results: The median consumption of ultra-processed foods was 11.9% (IQR: 8.2 to 16.8) of total energy intake. There was a significant inverse association between ultra-processed foods consumption and PCS, but not MCS, after adjustment for confounding factors. Significant interactions were observed between ultra-processed food consumption, sex, and occupation on PCS score (all P values < 0.001). The interaction test tended to be significant for smoking status, education levels, and physical activity levels. As ultra-processed food consumption increased, the PCS score significantly decreased in women (P = 0.043), low physical active subjects (P = 0.014), smokers (P = 0.015), and lower-educated individuals (P = 0.022). Non-employed individuals with higher ultra-processed food intake showed a decline in their PCS and MCS scores. While there was no significant difference in MCS score among different strata of lifestyle and socioeconomic status across tertiles of ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods was associated with poorer physical health, particularly among women, those with unhealthy lifestyles, and low socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart cities consist of various energy systems and services that must be optimally scheduled to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation costs. The smart city layout comprises a power distribution system, a thermal energy system, a water system, and the private and public transportation systems. Additionally, several new technologies such as reconfiguration, regenerative braking energy of the metro, etc. are considered. This study is one of the first to consider all these technologies together in a smart city. The proposed power distribution system is a grid‐connected hybrid AC–DC microgrid. The biogeography‐based optimization algorithm was utilized to seek the best solution for scheduling micro‐turbines, fuel cells, heat pumps, desalination units, energy storage systems, AC–DC converters, purchasing power from the upstream, distributed energy resources, and transferring power amongst electric vehicle parking stations and metro for the next day. Also, the reduced unscented transformation layout was used to capture the system's uncertainty. The suggested layout is implemented on an enhanced IEEE 33‐bus test system to show the efficiency of the suggested method. The results show that costs and environmental pollution are reduced. By comparing the proposed smart city with other studies, the efficiency and completeness of the proposed smart city are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ternary copolymerization of a series of cyclic anhydrides with epoxides and carbon dioxide using dinuclear [OSSO]‐type chromium (III),1, and ‐iron(III), 2, complexes (0.1 mol %) in combination with (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride) (PPNCl, 0.5–1.0 mol with respect to catalyst) as co‐catalyst is reported in this study. The results have yielded copolymers with polyester and polycarbonate segments with high molecular weights and narrow dispersity. The catalytic systems 1–2/PPNCl were tested in the copolymerization of different epoxides, such as propylene oxide (PO), cyclohexene oxide (CHO), and vinylcyclohexene oxide (VCHO), with a variety of cyclic anhydrides, such as phthalic (PA), diglycolic (DGA) and succinic (SA), with CO2 pressure of 20 bar, temperature range of 45–80 °C in 24 h. Anhydride reaction, affording the polyester segments, exceeded the conversion of 99 % in all the explored cases. On the other hand, in the case of epoxide copolymerization with CO2, for the propylene oxide (PO) reaction, the selectivity towards polypropylene carbonate (PPC) without polyether linkage consistently was >99 %. For the terpolymerization of PO, CO2 and diglycolic anhydride (DGA), a notable epoxide conversion of 86 %, selectively to polycarbonate, with TOF value as high as 36 h−1, was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A new species of the genus Skrjabinomermis , collected from two locations in north and northwest of Iran, is described and illustrated, including morphological data and D2-D3 rRNA LSU sequences. Skrjabinomermis pirnaimi sp. n. is characterised by its six cephalic papillae, two hypodermal pegs in the area of the cephalic papillae, adult's cuticle with very fine cross fibres, head rounded, mouth central, amphids cup-shaped, six hypodermal cords, vulva a transverse slit, located post-equatorially, cuticular protruding and vulval lips well developed, vagina pear- or barrel-shaped, with slightly bent lumen, tail similar in both sexes, bluntly rounded, spicules paired, medium sized, slightly curved, fused posteriorly for about 68-73% of their length, with pointed tip, male genital papillae arranged in three rows: the median ventral row having two pre- and two post-anal papillae, and the lateroventral rows with five papillae each. Molecular analyses using the D2-D3 expansion regions of the 28S rRNA gene sequences placed the genus Skrjabinomermis as a sister genus to Romanomermis with 93% Bayesian posterior probability based upon currently available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transcription factor SALL4 is associated with embryonic pluripotency and has proposed as a novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for diagnosing germ cell tumours. SALL4 comprises three isoforms, and SALL4-A being the full-length isoform. Studying its isoforms could revolutionize testicular cancer prognosis and subtype differentiation. The expression and clinical significance of isoform 'A' of SALL4 was evaluated in 124 testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) subtypes, adjacent 67 normal tissues and 22 benign tumours, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA). A statistically significant higher expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic SALL4-A was detected in TGCTs histological subtypes and benign tumours compared to the normal tissues. Seminoma and yolk sac tumours had the highest nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of SALL4-A. A significant correlation was detected between the higher nuclear expression of SALL4-A and increased pT stages (P = 0.026) in seminomas. Whereas in embryonal carcinomas, cytoplasmic expression of SALL4-A was associated with the tumour recurrence (P = 0.04) and invasion of the epididymis (P = 0.011). SALL4-A isoform expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus of TGCTs may be associated with histological differentiation. In the seminoma subtype of TGCTs, higher expression of SALL4-A may be used as a predictive indicator of poorer outcomes and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common issue in men, often associated with various factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and more. This case study examines the impact of friction massage combined with pelvic floor exercises on ED in three patients, linked to prostatic adenectomy, aging, and diabetes. Case Description: Patients followed a one-month regimen of pelvic floor exercises and techniques. The technique's progress was monitored via video calls twice a week. Exercises lasted for 10 min daily, along with a 10-min massage. We assessed improvement using the international index of erectile function 15 (IIEF15) questionnaire and erection hardness score (EHS), as well as ultrasound scans. Results: Following treatment, all three patients showed increased EHS and IIEF15 15 scores. Muscular thickness increased in the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles, while the cavernosal artery exhibited higher systolic velocity and lower diastolic velocity, although maximum blood flow velocity in the posterior vein decreased. Treatment had the most significant impact on the adenectomy patient, followed by the elderly patient and then the diabetic patient. Conclusion: Combining friction massage and pelvic floor exercises led to improved erectionrelated indicators and increased patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weighting is a general and often-used method for statistical adjustment. Weighting has two objectives: first, to balance covariate distributions, and second, to ensure that the weights have minimal dispersion and thus produce a more stable estimator. A recent, increasingly common approach directly optimizes the weights toward these two objectives. However, this approach has not yet been feasible in large-scale datasets when investigators wish to flexibly balance general basis functions in an extended feature space. To address this practical problem, we describe a scalable and flexible approach to weighting that integrates a basis expansion in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with state-of-the-art convex optimization techniques. Specifically, we use the rank-restricted Nyström method to efficiently compute a kernel basis for balancing in nearly linear time and space, and then use the specialized first-order alternating direction method of multipliers to rapidly find the optimal weights. In an extensive simulation study, we provide new insights into the performance of weighting estimators in large datasets, showing that the proposed approach substantially outperforms others in terms of accuracy and speed. Finally, we use this weighting approach to conduct a national study of the relationship between hospital profit status and heart attack outcomes in a comprehensive dataset of 1.27 million patients. We find that for-profit hospitals use interventional cardiology to treat heart attacks at similar rates as other hospitals but have higher mortality and readmission rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction This study aimed to determine the sex-specific effects of active and passive cigarette smoking on the full spectrum of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among a sizeable adult population. Methods This study was conducted within the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) framework. Participants included 7478 adults in the last examination of the TLGS. We used a quantile regression model to compare sex-specific HRQoL distributions among non-, current, and passive smokers. Two-step cluster analysis was used to consider the synergic effects of confounder variables. Results In men, current smoking was negatively associated with only mental HRQoL in all percentiles of its distribution with a decrease in absolute estimation values from the lowest (5th: β = −6.59, p  < .001) to the highest (90th: β=−0.93, p  = .027). Also, passive smoking was negatively associated with men's physical HRQoL in the upper percentiles of its distribution (75th: β = −1.12, p  = .010; 90th: β = −1.26, p  = .016). In women, the current (β = −4.17 to −4.45 for 25th to 90th percentiles) and passive smokers (β = −2.05 to −4.25 for 10th to 90th percentiles) had lower mental HRQoL in the mentioned percentiles. Also, the current smoking had a negative association with the 5th percentile (β = −2.04, p  = .008), and a positive association with the 50th (β = 1.94, p  < .008) and 75th percentile of physical HRQoL (β = 2.25, p  = .004). Conclusions The present study showed the harmful effect of smoking on mental HRQol in all participants. In contrast, the physical effect of smoking was only observed in female active smokers and at the extreme levels of the physical HRQoL spectrum. Implications According to the harmful effect of smoking on HRQoL, understanding active and passive smokers' perceptions of how smoking impacts their health is critical for tobacco control programs. Since most previous studies of smoking and HRQoL have mainly focused on the extreme parts or central values of the HRQoL distribution, the use of a multiple regression approach enables the evaluation of other parts of the conditional distribution of the outcome variable. This study demonstrated the prominent effect of smoking on the mental HRQoL as well as the more serious public health burden of passive smoking in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing the terahertz emission at hybrid resonant frequencies is observed from a warm collisional inhomogeneous plasma irradiated by intense laser beams in the presence of an external transverse magnetic field. To reach this result, we utilize the dielectric permittivity tensor of the plasma affected by the strength and the direction of the magnetic field and analyze the nonlinear current density induced by the ponderomotive force due to the beating of two Gaussian laser beams. The calculations reveal resonance emission at several frequencies, which depend on the thermal speed of the electrons, the wavenumber, the electron plasma frequency, the collision frequency, and the cyclotron frequency. However, the amplitude of THz waves at these frequencies mainly depends on the electron temperature as well as the external magnetic field strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the residue of toxic 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, a semi-volatile heteroaromatic, was extracted from wastewater using a new spectrofluorometric method. The method is based on measuring 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole the quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity of ZnS quantum dot–gelatin nanocomposite in (pH 4, λex 310 and λem 345 nm, in time 60 s). Different factors affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. The calibration plot is linear in the concentration range of (0.05–10.0 µgL−1). The relative standard deviations and the detection limit of the method were ±1.0% and 0.05 μgL−1, respectively. Observed, outcomes confirmed the suitability recovery and a meager detection limit for analyzing toxic 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole in water samples. The preliminary results from this study demonstrate that this new method can be used to analyze 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-burning arc discharges play important roles in physical processes such as cutting, welding, arc furnaces, and switchgear. Therefore, in this paper, a combination of node-based and edge-based finite-element methods with the finite-volume scheme is developed to investigate the dynamics of these arc discharges. Considering the significant effect of self-induced magnetic fields on the dynamics of the thermal plasma arcs, accurate analysis of these magnetic fields is essential, especially for 3D geometries describing realistic conditions. Accordingly, the edge-based finite-element module is utilized to study the Ampere law in its vector form for estimating the vector potential and the corresponding magnetic field. Furthermore, the current conservation equation is solved using the node-based finite-element technique. The fluid dynamics are also investigated with the well-known finite-volume method. This hybrid model gives more accurate magnetic fields and Lorentz forces. Electromagnetic forces create high-speed streams of thermal plasma and increase the pressure in the near regions of the electrodes. As a result, the pressure and velocity profiles are closer to the predicted results. In addition, the fluid flow changes the temperature distribution in a way that agrees with experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses regional convergence and the diminishing regional disparities within the EU27 from 2000 to 2019. It assesses the impact of income fluctuations on regional inequality by employing secondary analysis of income per capita indicators across NUTS 3 level regions. The article provides a quantitative assessment of regional income inequality, encompassing the most prevalent instruments used in the analysis of inequality data. In particular, it determines EU regional disparities using constructed Theil, Gini and CV indices exposing a more comprehensive evaluation of regional disparities within the EU. It also examines the nexus between spatial effects on regional income inequality. The findings suggest that EU convergence persists at the NUTS 3 level, albeit at a decelerating pace. We also point to the role of clustering effects among neighbouring regions. Notably, the study highlights the diminishing role of regional clustering due to income inequality during the ongoing convergence process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic emission (AE) signals are thought to contain crucial information for identifying defects and monitoring processes. It is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of how AE signal parameters behave under different experimental conditions. However, based on current research, there appears to be a lack of knowledge on the impact of machining parameters, especially in milling operations, where complex chip formation patterns, interaction effects, and directional pressures and forces are present. To bridge this informational void, analyzing how various cutting conditions impact the AE signal characteristics derived from milling operations is crucial. This research predominantly focuses on the impact of cutting conditions, material attributes, insert coatings, and nose radius on AE signal attributes in the time domain. The proposed innovative method suggests segmenting acquired AE signals correlated with the cutting tool's trajectory through the material into three distinct phases: entry, active cutting, and exit, each marked by a particular signal timeframe for effective signal processing and characteristic derivation. Furthermore, advanced signal processing techniques and statistical analysis are utilized to determine which AE parameters are sensitive to changes in cutting parameters. This research identifies cutting speed and feed rate as the primary variables affecting AE signal characteristics. The study's outcomes can enhance sophisticated classifications and AI techniques for monitoring machining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Re-description of Dorylaimellus graminis and new data (morphological, morphometrical, and molecular) for D. globatus and D. (Axodorylaimellus) parvulus are presented from Taf area, Khorramabad, Lorestan province, Iran. These three species are reported for the first time for Iranian nematode fauna. The population of D. graminis is characterized by its 0.8-1.0 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction, 6-8 pm broad with sclerotized pieces around the vestibule, odontostyle 5-7 pm long, neck region 234-290 pm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 55-57% of total neck length, female genital system didelphic-amphidelphic, vulva longitudinal (V = 54-57), caudal region convex-conoid (33-36 pm, c = 23.0-30.4, c' = 1.8-2.6), spicules 21-25 pm long, and four spaced ventromedian supplements with a hiatus. The Iranian populations of two other species herein studied don't have significant differences compared to previously described populations. For the first time, the phylogenetic positions of these species based on 28S rDNA (D2-D3 segment) in this study are presented. Also based on molecular analyses we suggest that the genera Dorylaimellus and Axodorylaimellus are synonymous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from various tissues is possible, with the umbilical cord emerging as a competitive alternative to bone marrow. In order to fulfill the demands of cell therapy, it is essential to generate stem cells on a clinical scale while minimizing time, cost, and contamination. Here is a simple and effective protocol for isolating MSC from Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSC) using the explant method with various supplements. Methods: Utilizing the explant method, small fragments of Wharton's jelly from the human umbilical cord were cultured in a flask. The multipotency of the isolated cells, were confirmed by their differentiation ability to osteocyte and adipocyte. Additionally, the immunophenotyping of WJ-MSCs showed positive expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105, while remaining negative for hematopoietic markers CD34 and CD45, meeting the criteria for WJ-MSC identification. Following that, to evaluate cells' proliferative capacity, various supplements, including basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Non-Essential amino acids (NEA), and L-Glutamine (L-Gln) were added to either alpha-Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM) or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium-F12 (DMEM-F12), as the basic culture media. Results: WJ-MSCs isolated by the explant method were removed from the tissue after seven days and transferred to the culture medium. These cells differentiated into adipo-cyte and osteocyte lineages, expressing CD73, CD90, and CD105 positively and CD34 and CD45 negatively. The results revealed that addition of bFGF to a-MEM or DMEM-F12 media significantly increased the proliferation of MSCs when compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences observed when NEA or L-Gln were added. Conclusion: Although bFGF considerably enhances cell proliferation, our study demonstrates that MSCs can grow and expand when properly prepared Wharton's jelly tissues of the human umbilical cord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Esthetics plays a crucial role in orthodontics and many other dental and medical fields. To date, no study has assessed the combined effects of the 3 facial features 'facial height, gingival display (GD), and buccal corridor size (BC)' on facial/smile beauty. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time. Methods: In this psychometric diagnostic study, beauty of 27 randomized perceptometric images of a female model with variations in facial heights (short, normal, long), gingival displays (0, 2, 4, 6 mm), and buccal corridor sizes (2%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) were evaluated by 108 judges (36 orthodontists, 36 dentists, 36 laypeople) using a 5-scale Likert scale (1 to 5). Combined effects of facial heights, GDs, BCs, judges' sexes, ages, and jobs, and their 2-way interactions were tested using a mixed-model multiple linear regression and a Bonferroni test. Zones of ideal features were determined for all judges and also for each group using repeated-measures ANOVAs and the Bonferroni test (α=0.05). Results: Judges' sex but not their age or expertise might affect their perception of female beauty: men gave higher scores. The normal face was perceived as more beautiful than the long face (the short face being the least attractive). Zero GD was the most attractive followed by 4 mm; 6 mm was the least appealing. BCs of 15% followed by 10% were the most attractive ones, while 25% BC was the worst. The zone of ideal anatomy was: long face + 0mm GD + 15% BC; normal face + 2mm GD + 15% BC; long face + 2mm GD + 15% BC; normal face + 0mm GD + 15% BC. Conclusions: Normal faces, zero GDs, and 15% BCs may be the most appealing. Facial heights affect the perception of beauty towards GDs but not BCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial and temporal thermal response of skin and malignant tissues under the influence of microwave irradiation at different powers and frequencies is investigated using both the analytical and finite difference time domain methods. Given that the microwave heating process is highly dependent on the physical characteristics of the tissue; therefore, the temperature and frequency dependence of the tissue conductivity and permittivity are considered to estimate the temperature distribution inside the biological tissue for hyperthermia treatment. The results show how the appropriate microwave frequency range can be selected to enhance the hyperthermia efficiency. This study may open an avenue for obtaining appropriate microwave parameters for hyperthermia treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the energy management of flexi-renewable energy hubs in electric and thermal networks based on the market clearing price model and participation of hubs in the energy market. Renewable sources include wind sources and bio-waste units, where the latter simultaneously plays a role in electrical and thermal energy generation. Hydrogen and thermal storage are used as a source of flexibility in the hub. The proposed scheme has a two-level formulation. Its upper level considers the participation of hubs in the energy market. It maximizes the expected profit of energy hubs by observing the operational constraints of power sources and storage devices (in the form of a hub) and the hub's flexibility limitation. The lower-level problem presents the market clearing price model. In this problem, the expected operation cost of the generation units in the electric and thermal networks is minimized subject to satisfying the constraints of the optimal power flow of the mentioned networks. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker method provides a single-level formulation of the scheme. Also, stochastic optimization is adopted to model the uncertainties of load and renewable power to examine the flexibility of energy hubs accurately. Finally, by evaluating the numerical results obtained from different study cases, the scheme can improve the operating conditions of energy networks and obtain optimal flexibility and economic conditions for energy hubs. The hydrogen storage device next to the thermal storage device can achieve 100% flexibility conditions for the hubs. Storage devices can enhance the economic status of renewable hubs by about 9.2%. The energy management of flexi-renewable hubs improves energy networks' operational and economic status by 21–24% and 8.8% compared to power flow studies. • Investigating impact of flexi-renewable EHs on the energy price and social welfare. • Considering the market clearing price model for the energy market. • Using hydrogen and heat storage devices in EH to improve the flexibility of EHs. • Modeling of CHP-based BUs for generation of electrical and thermal energy. • Modeling of economic, operation and flexibility indicators in EMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applicability of Zeolitic Imidazolate-67, Modified by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles, was studied for removing textile dye Reactive yellow 105 from wastewater by adsorption method using response surface methodology (RSM). For the adsorption characterization of the adsorbent used in HE-4G dye adsorption, BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses were performed. The impacts of variables, including initial HE-4G dye concentration (X1), pH (X2), adsorbent dosage (X3), and sonication time (X4), the highest removal efficiency as 98%, 10 mg/L initial concentration, pH 6, 0.025 g adsorbent dosage, and 6.0 min time respectively. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data it, that data were for the Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetics, and maximum adsorption capacity (105.0 mg/g), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters indicated HE-4G dye adsorption is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Promising treatment capabilities of the ZIF-67-Fe3O4NPs have been during the comparative adsorption removal of HE-4G dye from DI water against spiked natural water samples and synthetic Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ solutions. The observed outcome is the suitability of the artificial neural network model as a tool for mean square error, (MSEANN = 0.53, and R2 = 0.9926) for removing HE-4G dye. Results that ZIF-67-Fe3O4NPs, like being recyclable, and cost-efficient made it a promising absorbent for wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plasma dynamics in a three-dimensional free-burning arc configuration are studied using an iterative hybrid finite-volume–finite-element scheme. In this scheme, Navier–Stokes equations are solved with a classical finite volume approach. It is a conservative method that is suitable for solving conservation equations. In addition, a nodal finite element analysis is used to solve Maxwell's equations for the scalar and vector potentials. The finite-volume and finite-element modules are verified against well-known simple problems. The plasma is considered an incompressible fluid in chemical and thermal equilibrium or local thermodynamic equilibrium. The profiles of fluid and electromagnetic characteristics are depicted for a total current equal to 200 A. The results of this simulation method are in agreement with experimental and numerical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within microgrids (MGs), the integration of renewable energy resources (RERs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), combined heat and power (CHP) systems, demand response (DR) initiatives, and energy storage solutions poses intricate scheduling challenges. Coordinating these diverse components is pivotal for optimizing MG performance. This study presents an innovative stochastic framework to streamline energy management in MGs, covering proton exchange membrane fuel cell–CHP (PEMFC-CHP) units, RERs, PHEVs, and various storage methods. To tackle uncertainties in PHEV and RER models, we employ the robust Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) technique. Challenges related to hydrogen storage strategies in PEMFC-CHP units are addressed through a customized mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach. The integration of intelligent charging protocols governing PHEV charging dynamics is emphasized. Our primary goal centers on maximizing market profits, serving as the foundation for our optimization endeavors. At the heart of our approach is the Meerkat Optimization Algorithm (MOA), unraveling optimal MG operation amidst the intermittent nature of uncertain parameters. To amplify its exploratory capabilities and expedite global optima discovery, we enhance the MOA algorithm. The revised summary commences by outlining the overall goal and core algorithm, followed by a detailed explanation of optimization points for each MG component. Rigorous validation is executed using a conventional test system across diverse planning horizons. A comprehensive comparative analysis spanning varied scenarios establishes our proposed method as a benchmark against existing alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Testicular cancer (TC) is a relatively rare type of cancer in men. Early diagnosis of TC remains challenging. Metabolomics holds promise in offering valuable insights in this regard. In this study, a metabolic fingerprinting approach was employed to identify potential biomarkers in both serum and seminal plasma of TC patients. Methods: A total of 9 patients with testicular cancer and 10 controls were included in the study. The metabolic fingerprinting approach was utilized as a rapid diagnostic tool to analyze the metabolome in serum and seminal plasma of TC patients in comparison to fertile men. Raman spectroscopy was applied for the analysis of metabolites in these biological samples. Results: Principal component analysis (PCA) and functional group analysis showed that the differentiation between serum samples from healthy men and TC patients was not possible. However, when analyzing seminal plasma, a significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.05). Functional group analysis of serum only showed an increase in tryptophan concentration ratio in TC patients as compared to healthy men (p=0.03). In contrast, in seminal plasma of TC patients, this increase was observed in all analyzed compounds, including phenylalanine, tyrosine, lipids, proteins, phenols (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential of metabolic fingerprinting as a fast diagnostic tool for screening TC patients, with seminal plasma serving as a valuable biological sample. Furthermore, several potential biomarkers, particularly phenylalanine, were identified in seminal plasma. This research contributes to our understanding of TC pathogenesis and has the potential to pave the way for early detection and personalized treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of pristine and Si-doped fullerenes (C24 and SiC23) as an adsorbent and sensing material for the removal and electrochemical detection of norfloxacin (NFX) was studied through density functional theory computations. The obtained adsorption energies showed NFX interaction with both adsorbents is experimentally feasible. The calculated thermodynamic parameters including ∆Had, ∆Gad, ∆Sad and Kth demonstrated NFX adsorption process on C24 is spontaneous, exothermic, and one-sided but its interaction with SiC23 is also thermodynamically possible, two-sided, and equilibrium. The NBO results exhibited during the NFX adsorption process on C24 some monovalent bonds have been created between the drug molecule and nanostructure and the interactions have a chemisorption nature. But in the case of SiC23, the NFX adsorption process was physisorption. The influences of temperature and solvent on the interactions were also scrutinized and the results showed NFX adsorption on the surface of both nanoadsorbents is more favorable at lower temperatures and the presence of solvent does not affect the interactions tangibly. The obtained DOS spectra demonstrated the bandgap of pristine fullerene increased +26.7% from 5.760 to 7.300 eV but in the case of Si-doped fullerene the bandgap of nanostructure experienced a –50.4% decline from 7.500 to 3.715 eV. The sharper changes of the bandgap for SiC23 indicated the Si-doped fullerene is a more suitable sensing material for the electrochemical detection of NFX and the very strong interactions that exist between C24 and NFX showed the pristine fullerene is an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of this antibiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retina has restricted regeneration ability to recover injured cell layer because of reduced production of neurotrophic factors and increased inhibitory molecules against axon regrowth. A diseased retina could be regenerated by repopulating the damaged tissue with functional cell sources like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The cells are able to release neurotrophic factors (NFs) to boost axonal regeneration and cell maintenance. In the current study, we comprehensively explore the potential of various types of stem cells (SCs) from oral cavity as promising therapeutic options in retinal regeneration. The oral MSCs derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) which explains their broad neural differentiation potential and secret rich NFs. They are comprised of dental pulp SCs (DPSCs), SCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), SCs from apical papilla (SCAP), periodontal ligament-derived SCs (PDLSCs), gingival MSCs (GMSCs), and dental follicle SCs (DFSCs). The Oral MSCs are becoming a promising source of cells for cell-free or cell-based therapeutic approach to recover degenerated retinal. These cells have various mechanisms of action in retinal regeneration including cell replacement and the paracrine effect. It was demonstrated that they have more neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on retinal cells than immediate replacement of injured cells in retina. This could be the reason that their therapeutic effects would be weakened over time. It can be concluded that neuronal and retinal regeneration through these cells is most likely due to their NFs that dramatically suppress oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Although, oral MSCs are attractive therapeutic options for retinal injuries, more preclinical and clinical investigations are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have implicated dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) levels in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to assess the expression of circulating HOTAIR and uc.48+, examining their correlation with clinical and biochemical variables in T2D patients, pre-diabetic individuals, and healthy controls. Methods: Peripheral blood levels of lncRNAs were quantified using QRT-PCR in 65 T2D patients, 63 prediabetic individuals, and 63 healthy subjects. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the functional enrichment of lncRNA-miRNA targets. Results: Analysis revealed a significantly elevated circulating level of HOTAIR in both T2D (P < 0.0001) and pre-diabetic patients (P = 0.04) compared to controls. ROC analysis demonstrated that, at a cutoff value of 9.1, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 62%, HOTAIR could distinguish T2D patients from controls (AUC = 0.723, 95% CI 0.637-0.799, P < 0.0001). Spearman correlation analysis identified a significant positive correlation between HOTAIR expression, HbA1c, and insulin resistance (P < 0.005). MiRNA enrichment analysis indicated significant enrichment of diabetes-related pathways among HOTAIR's miRNA targets. Conversely, no significant difference in uc.48+ circulating levels between groups was observed, but a significant positive correlation emerged between uc.48+ and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that elevated HOTAIR expression levels are associated with T2D progression, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a resonance Rayleigh scattering technique-based sensing method for detecting Bentazone residual in water samples has been developed. This technique was carried out using chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles with a spectrofluorimetric method. Experimental results revealed that the developed method could allow the detection of Bentazone residual as low as a concentration of 0.02 ng mL−1 within 50-sec time. Overall results confirmed the very low detection limit for measuring the Bentazone. The chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles as an excellent sensor were applied to measure and analyze Bentazone in water samples. This article developed a resonance Rayleigh scattering technique-based sensing method for the detection of bentazone residual in water samples. This technique was carried out using chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles with spectrofluorimetric method. Because, Chitosan-capped AuNPs have exciting features, such as resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). Use of Chitosan-capped AuNPs sensor as an inexpensive valuable resource, and nontoxic. Chitosan has no toxicity, does not cause allergies and irritations, and is biodegradable and biocompatible. Chitosan-capped AuNPs have exciting features, such as resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). These properties are enhanced and modified by adding a hydrophilic polymer such as natural chitosan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An over-prescription of opioid analgesics triggered the opioid epidemic. Repeated opioid administrations are needed to treat chronic pain, leading to tolerance and physical dependence. Aim: Marrubium vulgare Extract (MVE) was used in this study to investigate its effects on reducing symptoms of Morphine Tolerance (MT) and Withdrawal Syndrome (WS). Materials and Methods: To evaluate MT, 6 rat groups (n=8) were studied in which first group received only morphine (10 mg/kg/day) and the second, third, fourth and fifth ones received morphine with different doses of extract (E20, 40 and80 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (0.25 mL/rat DMSO) intraperitoneally. The sixth group received only extract (80 mg/kg, i.p as the most effective dose of extract). The hot-plate test was done every other day, 90 min after the injections. In order to study WS, 49 rats were divided into seven groups (n=7), including: morphine, vehicle + morphine, saline, extract (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) + morphine, and effective dose of extract without morphine (20 mg/kg). Results: The rats were rendered dependent by injection of additive doses of morphine for 9 days. In 9th day, naloxone (4 mg/kg) was injected. Withdrawal signs were calculated for an hour. Complete tolerance was induced in the morphine group on day 7. The groups receiving extract doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg showed complete tolerance on days 9, 11, and 19, respectively. MVE significantly attenuated withdrawal symptoms. Conclusion: At last, the obtained results suggest that M. vulgare extract inhibits morphine tolerance and decreases morphine withdrawal syndrome when co-administered with morphine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine cyber security issues related to smart grids (SGs), such as prior cyber‐attacks, possible vulnerability issues, and enhanced cyber‐security procedures for SGs on a technical and management basis. When designing public policies for SGs, it is important to consider both the motivations and obstacles to cyber protection and socio‐economic conditions. Furthermore, the importance of suggested policies is viewed from various perspectives. The present paper provides an assessment of a group of policies specified by various stakeholders as having the potential for developing SG cyber security. The methodology for the formation of such a group of policies includes a perfect examination of global experience and meetings with experts from various fields. Subsequently, such policies are evaluated using a Delphi questionnaire aimed at assessing their advantages in pursuing investment goals for cyber security. The first result is that every policy is considered a positive effect of all goals, different in the priority assigned to each of them. The policies that received the most attention were: "regulatory changes policy to foster innovation in cyber security of SGs," "regulation of new business models to improve cyber security and detect malicious attacks" and "establish a cyber‐security governance strategy." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest neoplasms worldwide, which its pathogenesis is strongly correlated with p53 mutations. Antioxidants are believed to decelerate the CRC progression, possibly through interfering with p53 and its downstream target genes and mechanisms. Regarding the potential antioxidant effects of bilirubin, as an incredible endogenous antioxidant, we sought to investigate how bilirubin affected the expression levels of p53 protein and its downstream target genes, including Mdm2 , Bcl-2 , BECN1 and LC3 , in LS180 and SW480 cell culture models of CRC. Using the MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, 50 and 100 μM concentrations of bilirubin were determined to be non-toxic for both LS180 and SW480 cell lines. Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate the protein expression levels of p53. The results revealed that p53 protein levels were higher in LS180 cells treated with bilirubin compared to the control group. Notwithstanding, in SW480 cells, no considerable changes were observed in p53 protein levels of treated cells compared to the control ones. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (q RT-PCR) method was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of the apoptosis/autophagy-related genes, Mdm2 , Bcl-2 , BECN1 , and LC3 , as the p53's downstream target genes. Consequently, the expression of Bcl-2 and Mdm2 genes were affected by p53, while BECN1 and LC3 expression levels were decreased in both cell lines. Bilirubin is an endogenous antioxidant with significant anti-tumor effects in the studied CRC cell lines, probably through the regulation of p53 protein expression levels and subsequent control of apoptosis and autophagy, as two key processes involved in cell survival and progression of tumor cells. • Bilirubin up-regulates the wild-type p53 in cell culture models of CRC. • Apoptosis and autophagy fluxes can positively be modulated by bilirubin. • By controlling the apoptosis and autophagy, bilirubin decelerate the CRC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research article, we uphold the principles of the No Free Lunch theorem and employ it as a driving force to introduce an innovative game-based metaheuristic technique named Golf Optimization Algorithm (GOA). The GOA is meticulously structured with two distinctive phases, namely, exploration and exploitation, drawing inspiration from the strategic dynamics and player conduct observed in the sport of golf. Through comprehensive assessments encompassing fifty-two objective functions and four real-world engineering applications, the efficacy of the GOA is rigorously examined. The results of the optimization process reveal GOA's exceptional proficiency in both exploration and exploitation strategies, effectively striking a harmonious equilibrium between the two. Comparative analyses against ten competing algorithms demonstrate a clear and statistically significant superiority of the GOA across a spectrum of performance metrics. Furthermore, the successful application of the GOA to the intricate energy commitment problem, considering network resilience, underscores its prowess in addressing complex engineering challenges. For the convenience of the research community, we provide the MATLAB implementation codes for the proposed GOA methodology, ensuring accessibility and facilitating further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the optical images of glow discharge plasma and the finite element method simulation of the magnetic field strength in a balanced and two types of unbalanced DC circular planar magnetron sputtering sources are presented. The investigation showed that wherever the magnetic field strength is stronger, the intensity of light and the ionization are greater and consequently, the deposition is higher. The comparison of recorded optical images with the finite element simulation results of the magnetic field strength indicated the correlation between regions of high magnetic field strength and high light emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]