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Objective To evalute the drug resistance characteristics of tuberculosis(TB) patients of all ages in Guangdong Province during 2014-2020, and provide prevention and treatment strategies of tuberculosis. Method We used 39, 048 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) belonging to patients with confirmed TB from 2014 to 2020, from 32 TB drug-resistant surveillance sites in Guangdong Province, and we retrospectively analyzed the laboratories data of patients with drug-resistant TB, and grouped patients by age and region, to explore the trend of drug-resistance of MTB clinical isolates, the trend and incidence differences of multi-resistant TB (including monodrug-resistant TB (MR-TB), polydrug-resistant TB (PDR-TB), multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB)), and resistance characteristics of MTB clinical isolates to drugs in focus (rifampicin and ofloxacin). Result The differences in the resistance rates of MTB clinical isolates to nine antituberculosis drugs among patients at 32 TB drug resistance surveillance sites in Guangdong Province from 2014 to 2020 were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The rates of MR-TB, PDR-TB, MDR-TB, XDR-TB, and total resistance isolates of MTB clinical isolates were 14.46%, 5.16%, 5.16%, 4.58%, and 1.29%, respectively. he pediatric group had a higher MR rate (15.4%) than the adult and geriatric groups, while the adult and geriatric groups had higher MDR rates (5.0% and 5.0%, respectively). The geriatric group also had a higher XDR rate (2.1%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). The rates of MR-TB (14.8%), PDR-TB (5.3%), MDR-TB (4.7%), XDR-TB (1.4%), ofloxacin resistance (11.33%) and rifampicin resistance (6.92%) of MTB clinical isolates were higher in patients from the Pearl River Delta than in other regions of Guangdong Province, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). Conclusion According to the data from the surveillance sites, the epidemiological trend of drugresistant TB in Guangdong Province is leveling off during the period 2014-2020. However, the incidence of drug-resistant TB is higher in specific populations (e.g. children and the elderly), and the incidence of drug-resistant TB and the rate of drug resistance to drugs in focus are higher in the Pearl River Delta than in other regions of Guangdong Province, necessitating further investigation and the development of novel prevention and control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe and detect the changes of interleukin-10（IL-10）and miR-513c-5p in peripheral blood of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion（URSA），and to discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of URSA. Methods Thirty cases of normal pregnant women and 30 cases of URSA patients were included in this study. Six mL fasting peripheral venous blood was extracted. Serum IL-10 protein was detected by ELISA，and miR-513c-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCS）was detected by qPCR. Target Scan 7. 1 software was used to predict the binding site between miR-513c-5p and IL-10；besides，luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding between them. In addition，wild-type and mutated IL-10 mRNA 3´UTR plasmids containing binding sites were constructed，respectively. 293T cells were divided into the overexpressed group，inhibited group，and control group，which were transfected with miR-513c-5p mimics，inhibitor and negative control，respectively. Then，IL-10 mRNA in 293T cells of each group was detected by qPCR，and IL-10 protein in the supernatant of cell culture was detected by ELISA. Results Serum IL- 10 protein of URSA group was lower than that of the normal pregnancy group（P<0. 05），while the level of miR-513c-5p was higher than that of the normal pregnancy group（P<0. 05）. Target Scan 7. 1 and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-513c-5p bound with IL-10 3´UTR via the complementary bases. The expression of IL-10 mRNA in the cells and the level of IL-10 protein in the cell supernatant were as follows：inhibited group>control group>overexpressed group（all P< 0. 05）. Conclusions In URSA patients，IL-10 protein level decreases and the expression of miR-513c-5p increases. MiR-513c-5p inhibits the expression of IL-10 by binding to its 3´UTR directly. Thereby，it breaks the maternal-fetal immunotolerance and leads to URSA；miR-513c-5p/IL-10 axis may become a novel therapeutic target for URSA clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most important parameters in the physical processes of surface energy and water balance. Due to the payload limit and the technical bottleneck of the sensor， it is difficult to obtain land surface temperature products with both high spatial and high temporal resolutions，which restricts applications of land surface temperature products. Based on M〇DIS and ETM+ images，this paper combines the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model(ESTARFM) with the non-linear disaggregation procedure for radiometric surface temperature (NL-DisTrad) to generate daily land surface temperature products of urban area at a resolution of 60m. We use the actual land surface temperature products in July 9 and October 1 3 of 2002 over Wuhan urban areas to verify the quality of fusion products. It is shown their R2 are as high as 0.80 and 0.86，respectively, and the RMSE are 2.65 K and 1.78 K，respectively. The results show that the proposed algorithm has fine prospects in the spatial and temporal land surface temperature fusion applications in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-objective optimization of vehicle bottom structure under landmine explosion is a mass computation, strong-nonlinearity and high dimension multi-objective optimization problem. The protective vehicle structure response is simulated based on combination of LAE and FSI methods. The thickness and geometry parameters of vehicle bottom structure are screened with sensitivity analysis. A response surface is built by employing the experimental design and regression analysis. Eventually, the Pareto optimality, normal boundary intersection and multi-objective optimization genetic algorithms are applied to get the Pareto optimal front and an ideal solution which could give a comprehensive consideration of the contradiction between lightweight and protection capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent a dozen years, the mineral exploration, research on mineralization and precise measurement of isotopic age have been carried out continuously in West Qinling, which have achieved a lot of new discoveries in exploration and some new understandings of metallogeny. Especially, a quantity of high accuracy isotopic age data of igneous rocks and polymetallic mineralization, have gradually uncovered the veil of Triassic polymetallic mineralization in West Qinling, showing the universality and diversity of Triassic mineralization, and indicating the huge metallogenic potential. Xicheng and Fengtai ore cluster zones, located in the eastern part of West Qinling, where the predominant Triassic minerals of Pb-Zn, Au, Ag and Cu are well developed with lesser minerals of W, Mo and Fe; and Pb-Zn and Au are the superior mineral resources in the ore cluster zones. The latest research achivements show that the ages of the polymetallic deposits in the area range from 231 Ma to 197 Ma, concentrated in 220 - 200 Ma; the ages of magmatic rocks range from 248 Ma to 195 Ma, concentrated in 230- 200 Ma. The polymetallic mineralization and magmatic activity are temporal coupling with the peak of 220- 210 Ma. The main types of polymetallic deposits include the hydrothermal filling and replacing ore deposits related to the magmatic activity and metamorphism, the porphyry, skarn and greisen ore deposits associated with magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization system. The tectonic activity and its product are the dominant ore-controlling factors of polymetallic mineralization, and the structures of the various types and different scales directly control the occurrence, form, attitude and size of the orebodies. The polymetallic mineralization in the area developes in the post- collision stage of lndosinian orogenic process in Qinling orogeny, which is the product of the extensive and intense coupling process of deformation and metamorphism, magmatic activity and fluid flow in Late Triassic. Based on the metallogenic geological conditions, mineralization characteristics, ore genesis, ore-controlling factors and ore-forming regularities, some further prospecting targets are suggested preliminarily to promote the prospecting and exploration works at depth in this area to make new achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate t he expression of Occludin and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP 2) in idiopathic inter stitial pneumonia (IIP) and its influence on prognosis. Methods 79 patients wit h IIP in the hospital from August 2014 to August 2019 were s elected as IIP group,and 82 healthy people were selected as control group. T he levels of serum Occludin, MMP2, and t he related indexes of lung function and blood gas were compared between t he each group. T he correlation between t he levels of serum Occludin and MMP 2 and the prognosis of patients wit h IIP was analyzed. Results T he levels of serum Occludin in the IIP group were significantly lower than thos e in the control group, while the levels of MMP 2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α ) and chest high resolution CT( HRCT)scores in IIP group were significantly higher than t hos e in the control group( P<0.05). In the IIP group, serum Occludin level was negatively correlated with MMP 2 level (P<0.001); serum Occludin level was negatively correlated with TNF α, Creactive protein (CRP) level and H RCT score(P<0.05),while serum MMP 2 level was positively correlated with these indexes (P<0.05). Occludin, MMP 2, T NF a, CRP, forced expiratory volume in the first second, blood oxygen partial pressure, carbon monoxide measurement of lung diffusion capacity, total lung volume, white blood cell count,arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure and H RCT score we re independent risk factors for poor prognosis of IIP patients (P<0.05). T he area under the curve of combined detection of serum Occludin and MMP 2 in predicting the poor prognosis of IIP patients was 0.861, the sensitivity was 89. 50%,and t he specificity was 80. 50%. Conclusion T he serum levels of Occludin and MMP 2 are closely related to the poor prognosis of patients with IIP . The combined detection of them has a certain value in predicting the death risk of patients with IIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the changes of microRNA-664b-3p (miR-664b-3p)and Caspase-1 levels in the peripheral blood of patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and to explore the regulatory relationship between them in pyroptosis. Methods Thirty cases of healthy subjects (healthy control group) and 30 cases of DVT patients(DVT group) were collected, and their peripheral blood on a empty stomach was drawn to separate serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs), respectively. The activity of Caspase-1 (Cleaved Caspase-1) and the active fragment of gas‐ dermin DN (GSDMD-N) in the PBMCs were detected by Western blotting. The expression of miR-664b-3p was detected by qPCR. The protein expression of serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18（IL-18) was detected by ELISA. Target scan 7. 2 software was used to predict whether there were complementary binding sites between miR-664b-3p and Caspase-1 mRNA 3′UTR, and the wild-type and mutant Caspase-1 mRNA 3′UTR plasmids containing binding sites were constructed, respectively, and the effect of miR-664b-3p on the luciferase reporter gene activity was detected by double lu‐ ciferase reporter gene system. Results The expression of Cleaved Caspase-1, GSDMD-N，IL-1β，and IL-18 proteins was higher and miR-664b-3p expression was lower in PBMC of the DVT group than in the healthy control group (all P< 0. 05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that there were complementary binding sites between miR-664b-3p and 3′UTR of Caspase-1 mRNA；transfection of miR-664b-3p mimics could reduce the activity of 3′UTR luciferase reporter gene of wildtype Caspase-1 mRNA (P<0. 05), but had no significant effect on the activity of 3′UTR reporter gene of mutant Caspase-1 mRNA (P>0. 05). Conclusion The expression of miR-664b-3p in PBMC of DVT patients decreased，and then the inhi‐ bition on the expression of its target gene Caspase-1 was released；elevated Caspase-1 activity significantly increased the expression of GSDMD-N protein, which resulted in pyroptosis and increased expression of IL-1β and IL-18, and ultimately led to the formation of DVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes in levels of microRNA-374 a-5 p(miR-374 a-5 p) and IL-10 in the peripheral blood of patients with deep venous thrombosis(DVT) and to explore the relationship between them. Methods Thirty cases of DVT patients(DVT group) and 30 cases of healthy people(healthy control group) were selected. The serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from the fasting venous blood of all subjects were isolated. The expression of IL-10 in serum was detected by ELISA and miR-374 a-5 p was detected by q PCR. Target Scan 7.1 software was used to predict the binding site between miR-374 a-5 p and IL-10; besides, 3’UTR luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding between them. The 293 T cells were divided into the intervention group and control group, and cells in the intervention group were transfected with miR-374 a-5 p mimics and wide-type or mutant IL-10 mRNA 3’UTR fluorescent reporter gene pmir GLO vector, respectively. Luciferase reporter gene activity was detected by using dual luciferase reportergene system. In addition, 293 T cells were divided into 3 groups. The cells in the overexpression group and the inhibition group were transfected with miR-374 a-5 p mimics and inhibitor by using Lipofectamine 2000, respectively, and the cells in the blank control group were transfected with negative control primers. The cells were harvested 24 h after transfection.Then, the expression of IL-10 mRNA was detected by q PCR, and the protein level of IL-10 was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the serum IL-10 protein level decreased while the miR-374 a-5 p expression in the PBMCs increased significantly in the DVT group(both P < 0.05). Target Scan 7.1 and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-374 a-5 p bound to IL-10 3’UTR via the complementary bases. The dual luciferase reporter gene system assay showed that the activity of the wild-type IL-10 mRNA 3’UTR luciferase reporter gene decreased in the intervention group as compared with that of the control group(P < 0.05), but the mutant IL-10 mRNA 3’UTR did not change significantly(P> 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, IL-10 mRNA expression and IL-10 protein decreased in the overexpression group(both P < 0.05), while increased in the inhibition group(both P < 0.05). Conclusions Serum IL-10 decreases while miR-374 a-5 p increases in the PBMCs of DVT patients. The miR-374 a-5 p inhibits the expression of IL-10 by binding to IL-10 3’UTR. Thereby, the mediated inflammation is involved in DVT. The miR-374 a-5 p may become a novel therapeutic target for DVT by regulating IL-10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes of IL-6 and microRNA (miRNA) let-7d-5p in the peripheral blood of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and to explore the relationships between them. Methods Thirty cases of normal pregnant women (normal pregnancy group) and 30 cases of URSA patients (URSA group) were included in this study. The serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all subjects were taken from each group. The protein level of IL-6 in plasma was detected by ELISA, and let-7d-5p expression was detected by qPCR. Target Scan 7. 1 software was used to predict the binding site between let-7d-5p and IL-6; besides, 3'untranslated region (3" UTR) luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding between them. The 293T cells were divided into the in- tervention group and control group, and cells were transfected with let-7d-5p mimics (blank negative control) and wide-type or mutant IL-6 mRNA 3'UTR fluorescent reporter gene pmirGLO vector, respectively. Luciferase reporter gene activity was detected by using dual luciferase reporter gene system. In addition, 293T cells were divided into 3 groups. The cells in the overexpression group and the inhibition group were transfected with leto-7d-5p mimics and inhibitor by using Lipo-fectamine 2000, respectively, and the cells in the blank control group were transfected with negative control primers. The cells were harvested 24 h after transfection. Then, the expression of IL-6 mRNA was detected by qPCR, and the protein level of IL-6 was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the serum IL-6 protein level increased significantly while the let-7d-5 expression in the PBMCs decreased significantly in the URSA group (both P<0.05). Target Scan 7. 1 and luciferase reporter assay showed that let-7d-5p bound with IL-6 3UTR via the complementary bases. The dual luciferase reporter gene system assay showed that the intervention group reduced the activity of the wild-type IL-6 mRNA 3UTR luciferase reporter gene as compared with the control group (P<0.05) , but not the mutant IL-6 mRNA 3'UTR (P >0.05). Compared with the blank control group, IL-6 mRNA expression and IL-6 protein level decreased in the overexpression group, but increased in the inhibition group (both P<0.05). Conclusions Serum IL-6 increases while let-7d-5p decreases in the PBMCs of URSA patients. Let-7d-5p inhibits the expression of IL-6 by binding IL-6 3' UTR. Thereby, it breaks the materno-fetal immunotolerance and leads to URSA. Let-7d-5p may become a novel therapeutic target for URSA by regulating IL-6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and microRNA-6165 (miR-6165) in the the peripheral blood of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and to explore the regulatory mechanism between them. Methods Thirty cases of normal pregnant women (normal pregnancy group) and 30 cases of URSA patients (URSA group) were included in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all subjects were taken from each group. The proportion of pDC was detected by How cytometry. In addition, the expression of miR-6165 was detected by qPCR. Target Scan 7. 1 software was used to predict the binding site between miR-6165 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) ; besides, 3'UTR luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding between them. The 293T cells were divided into the intervention group and control group, which were transfected with miR-6165 mimics (blank negative control) and wide-type or mutant STAT3 mRNA 3'UTR fluorescent reporter gene pmirGLO vector, respectively. Luciferase reporter gene activity was detected by using dual luciferase reporter gene system. In addition, 293T cells were divided into 3 groups. The cells in the overexpression group and the inhibition group were transfected with miR-6165 mimics and inhibitor by using Lipofectamine 2000, respectively, and the cells in the blank control group were transfected with negative control primers. The cells were harvested 24 h after transfection. Then, STAT3 mRNA, STAT3 total protein and phosphorylation level (p-STAT3) were detected by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the proportion of pDCs decreased significantly, while the expression of miR-6165 increased significantly in the URSA group (both P<0.05). Target Scan 7. 1 and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-6165 bound with STAT3 3UTR via the complementary bases. The dual luciferase reporter gene system assay showed that the intervention group reduced the activity of the wild-type STAT3 mRNA 3UTR luciferase reporter gene as compared with the control group (P<0.05) , but not the mutant STAT3 mRNA 3UTR (P > 0. 05). Compared with the blank control group, the STAT3 mRNA and STAT3 and p-STAT3 protein levels of decreased in the overexpression group, but increased in the inhibition group (both P<0. 05). Conclusions The proportion of pDC decreases while the miR-6165 expression increases in the peripheral blood of URSA patients. MiR-6165 inhibits the differentiation of pDC subset by binding and inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway. Thereby, it breaks the materno-fetal immunotolerance and leads to URSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To detect the role and mechanisms of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3) in promoting the differentiation of human acute monocytic leukemia eells into dendritic cells(DCs). Methods Human acute monocytic leukemia cells THP-1 were randomly divided into two groups: the observation group and the control group. Cells in the observation group were induced to differentiate into DCs by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) combined with interleukin-4 (IL-4), and we used Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce THP-1-derived DC maturation; cells in the control group were not treated. The cells in the two groups were collected on day 7 of culture, the morphologic features were observed under inverted microscope; DC surface marker CDlle and DC surface functional molecules(CD80, HLA-DR, and CCR7) were detected by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression of STAT3 and E2-2 was detected by q-PCR; in addition, the protein expression of STAT3 and phosphorylation (p-STAT3) was detected by Western blotting. Results The cells in the control group showed a round shape and uniform morphology. After cytokines induction, obvious morphological changes of DCs were observed. Compared with the control group, the DC surface marker CD11c and DC surface functional molecules of the observation group were higher, and both the mRNA expression levels of STAT3 and E2-2 and the protein expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 increased signifieandy (all Pc 0.05). Conclusion During the differentiation of THP-1 cells into DCs induced by GM-CSF and IL-4 , STAT3 signaling pathway activates specific nuclear transcription factor E2-2 , which in turn induces the differentiation of THP-1 into DCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To detect the role and regulatory mechanism of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT1 ) in promoting the differentiation of human leukemia cells into granulocytes induced by all-trans retinoic acid (AT-RA) , and to provide a novel target for clinical treatment. Methods Human acute myeloid leukemia cells HL-60 were randomly divided into the control group and observation group. In the observation group. HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into granulocytics with ATRA (2 μmol/L) , while cells in the control group were given the same concentration of DM-SO. Morphologic changes of cells were observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Cell surface marker CDllb was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of ST ATI and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinse (C/EBPε) were detected by q-PCR, the protein and phosphorylation levels of STAT1 (p-STATl ) were detected by Western blotting, and the transcriptional level of miR-155-5p was detected by q-PCR. Pearson correlation analysis was used to detect the correlation of STATI with C/KBPε and miR-155-5p. Results Compared with the control group, the HL-60 cells in the observation group became smaller and irregular, cytoplasm increased, nuclear concentrated, nucleolus became smaller or disappeared, and the number of leaf nuclei increased significantly. The rate of GDI lb positive HL-60 cells in the observation group at 96 h after ATRA induction was 62. 97% ± 1.90% , which was higher than that in the control group (1.87% ±0. 08% ) (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group. the mRNA expression levels of STAT1 and C/EBPε, and the protein expression levels of STAT1 and p-STATl in the observation group at 48 , 72, and 96 h after ATRA induction increased (all P < 0. 05 ) , while the expression of miR-155-5p decreased (P < 0. 05 ). Pearson correlation analysis showred that STAT1 mRNA wras negatively correlated with miR-155-5p (r = -0.90. Pc0.05) , while wras positively correlated with C/EBPε mRNA (r=0. 96. P < 0. 05). Conclusions The miR-155-5p reversely regulates STAT1 signaling pathway, thus activates the transcription of C/EBPε, which leads to the differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocytes. Activation of STATI signaling pathway may be one of the key mechanisms in the differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocytes, and STATI may be taken as a novel target for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]