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[ Objective ] To explore the vertical distribution of soil electrical conductivity ( EC) and cation exchange capacity ( CEC) in ricegrowing tobacco areas of Hunan province, improve the soil fertility and construct a reasonable structure of the plough layer. [ Method ] The soil EC and CEC of 0 - 50 cm profiles in Chenzhou, Hengyang and Changsha rice-growing tobacco areas were systematically compared, and the relationship between them and soil nutrients was revealed. [ Result]The results showed that the soil electrical conductivity ranged from 0. 10 to 0. 17 mS/cm,and decreased with the deepening of soil layer,and the soil cation exchange capacity ranged from 10. 55 to 14. 35 cmol/kg, which first decreased and then increased with the deepening of soil layer. The soil nutrient preserving capability of 0-30 cm soil layer was weak,30 -50 cm soil layer was medium in Changsha, 0-50 cm soil layer was medium in Hengyang. In Chenzhou, the soil nutrient preserving capability of 0 - 20 cm soil layer was medium, 20-30 cm soil layer was weak, 30 - 50 cm soil layer was strong. Electrical conductivity was positively correlated with alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available copper, available molybdenum, available zinc, available boron and available iron, and negatively correlated with exchangeable magnesium. The cation exchange capacity was positively correlated with available nitrogen, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangea ble magnesium, available boron and available molybdenum, and negatively correlated with available manganese. [ Conculsion] The results showed that the soil salt content was suitable in rice-growing tobacco areas of Hunan province, and there was no salinization phenomenon. The soil nutrient preserving capability was moderate, and the 20 - 30 cm soil layer was the worst Therefore, it is necessary to build a reasonable tillage layer and increase the application of organic fenilizer to improve the soil water and fenilizer conservation capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panax ginseng, a venerable herb in traditional Chinese medicine, boasts a rich history of usage in the treatment of dementia, particularly in its various manifestations. However, despite its long-standing popularity and empirical evidence of effectiveness, the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic actions have remained elusive. Currently, research on pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms predominantly utilizes serum pharmacology and metabolomics research methods that are based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. However, these methods are unable to capture the spatial distribution information of relevant substances, leading to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the pharmacodynamic components and their underlying mechanisms. To bridge this gap in knowledge, a method of spatial metabolomics and air flow assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), was used to delve into the molecular mechanisms of Panax ginseng in treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The pharmacodynamic results demonstrated that Panax ginseng extract can significantly improve the state of brain pathological damage and spatial learning memory ability in AD model rats. This finding highlights the potential of ginseng as a therapeutic agent in AD management. Furthermore, the metabolomics analysis revealed that Panax ginseng modulates the levels of 19 biomarkers that are intricately linked to AD. These biomarkers span across 8 key metabolic pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, purine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. These pathways are essential for maintaining neuronal health and function, and their dysregulation is often associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Importantly, the study identified 7 active ginseng constituents that accumulate in brain tissue. These compounds work in a holistic manner to treat AD by modulating metabolites related to neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, energy deficits, and abnormal fatty acid metabolism. The comprehensive approach suggests that Panax ginseng may offer a multifaceted therapeutic strategy for AD. The unique capabilities of mass spectrometry imaging allow to analyze the spatial distribution of both endogenous and exogenous substances in parallel. This correspondence not only provides a deeper understanding of the specific effects of drug components, but also sheds light on how these components interact with the body’s endogenous metabolic networks to exert their therapeutic effects. In conclusion, the study provides new light on the mechanisms of action of Panax ginseng in treating AD and paves the way for future research and clinical applications of the ancient herb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical prognosis of surgical treatment of epilepsy secondary to dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor(DNT) and the related factors affecting the prognosis of epilepsy. MethodsThe clinical data of 37 epilepsy patients with histologically proved by DNT who were admitted to Epilepsy Center， Beijing Fengtai Hospital from November 2009 to November 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship between prognosis and gender, age of onset, course of disease, type of epilepsy, location of lesion, imaging features, resection methods and other factors was analyzed. The patients were divided into favorable group(EngelI) and unfavorable group(EngelII-IV) according to postoperative seizure outcome. Statistical methods were analyzed by chi-square test and independent sample t-test. Results37 patients were followed up for an average of(55.4+28.0) months, and 33 patients(89.2%) had complete disappearance of epileptic seizures(Engel I). The analysis showed that short epilepsy duration and completeness of resection would have a favorable seizure outcome（P＜0.05）. ConclusionsSurgical treatment of epilepsy caused by DNT is effective. Early surgery and completeness of resection are significantly associated with post-operative seizure outcome in epilepsy patients with DNT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the semantic gap between low-level features and high-level semantic concepts of images and reduce the dependence of top-down saliency detection methods on particular object prior, this paper proposed a novel saliency detection method based on high-level semantic color names. It first extracted stmctural color features from color images and achieved color naming of image pixels in multiple kernel leaming( MKL) framework. And the detection method also computed high-level semantic features maps based on the distribution of color names. Finally, a linear support vector machine(SVM) explored the high-level semantic features and low-level Gist features as input data to train a saliency classifier for detecting the salient or non-salient pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect eye fixation more accurately. And comparing to traditional low-level color features. the high-level sematic color feature can obtain better saliency detection performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), which is a common and frequently encountered disease, is considered to be a medical emergency in otolaryngology. The prevalence of SSHL is increasing in. China. The pathogenesis of SSHL is not clear yet. Microcirculatory disorder of inner ear is considered as one of the most important causes of SSHL. In recent years, several reports have found the levels of serum lipids were changed in patients affected by SSHL. The relationship between SSHL and serum lipids was reviewed to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of SSHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the appropriate amount and tillage effect of straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage in tobacco production in Hunan's tobacco-rice rotation, with the aim of improving the soil environment of tobacco planting in Hunan and providing scientific basis for improving the quality and increasing the yield of tobacco. [ Method] The experiment used 7 treatments in randomized group design, Tl: no straw-rotted organic fertilizer + conventional tillage; T2: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 1150 kg/hm² + conventional tillage; T3: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 2300 kg/hm² + conventional tillage; T4: straw-rotted organic fertilizer 4600 kglhm2 + conventional tillage; TS: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 1150 kg/hm² + vertical rotary tillage ; T6: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 2300 kg!hm2 + vertical rotary tillage; T7: application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer 4600 kg/hm² + vertical rotary tillage. The effects of different treatments on soil nutrients, agronomic traits of tobacco plants, physical traits, appearance quality, chemical composition and economic traits of tobacco leaves after baking were studied by ANOV A and comprehensive evaluation. [ Result] The application of straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage significantly increased soil organic matter and fast-acting nutrient content, and the highest soil fertility level was achieved when the straw-rotted organic fertilizer was applied at 4600 kg/hm² . At the same level of organic fertilizer application, the treatment of organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage had higher soil nutrients, agronomic properties of tobacco plants, physical properties of post-baking tobacco leaves, appearance quality, chemical composition and economic properties than the treatment of organic fertilizer alone. Among them, the 17 treatment had the highest appearance quality and chemical compatibility scores, with an average increase of 19. 86%, 3. 70% and 11. 53%, 2. 78% compared with Tl and T4. The tobacco yield and production value of 17 treatment increased by 12. 85%, 8. 10% and 26. 84%, 10. 46% compared with Tl and T4. The rate of top quality tobacco increased by 13. 80 and 6. 71 percentage points compared with Tl and T4. [Conclusion ] The application of 4600 kg/hm² straw-rotted organic fertilizer + vertical rotary tillage was the best, and most beneficial to the production of high-quality tobacco in the tobacco-rice rotation area of Hunan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance verification and evaluation is one of the most important and necessary key steps in the design and implementation of general-purpose processors. An efficient general-purpose processor prototype system performance evaluation method can not only help processor designers locate performance design defects as early as possible in the processor design stage, but also verify whether the processor can meet the performance design expectations before the design tape. However, it takes a long time to perform a complete performance test of the processor prototype system. Such a huge time overhead makes designers unable to perform performance design analysis in time, which causes the performance evaluation of the processor prototype system to become the bottleneck of the entire project. This paper proposes a fast and accurate performance evaluation method of general-purpose processor prototype systems: Proto-Perf. The Proto-Perf performance evaluation method uses the dynamic program analysis method and the basic block aggregation technology to extract the characteristic program fragments of the test program for testing, which significantly reduces the performance test time. The experimental results show that, compared with the performance data obtained by running the SPEC CPXJ2006 REF data scale test program completely, the absolute error of the performance data obtained by the Pro-to-Perf test is 1. 53% on average, and the highest is 7. 86%. At the same time, for each program in the experiment, the test time using the Proto-Perf method is significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of cisplatin on heart failure in bladder cancer miceimpairing granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). Methods: Fifty 8-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) C3H/He healthy female mice were used to establish the bladder cancer model after subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 mice bladder cancer cells. The mice were divided into group A-E, 10 mice in each group, and the group A was set as the blank control group. The group B-E mice were continuously intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/(kg.d) isoproterenol for 14 d to successfully establish the heart failure model. The group B was set as the control group. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 7.5 mg/kg cisplatin every 48 h for chemotherapy, and killed at 14 d in the group C. G-MDSCs were identified, isolated and purifiedflow cytometry. 1×107 purified G-MDSCs were intravenously injected into the group D mice via the tail vein every 7 d. The group E mice was treatedcombining the procedure of the group C and the group D. The myocardial tissue of the mice was stainedhematoxylin-eosin staining. And the heart failure degree of the mice was analyzedthe heart weight/body weight ratio and the observation under the inverted phase contrast microscope. Results: Flow cytometry results showed that compared with the group B, the level of G-MDSCs in the circulation system of the group C mice was significantly decreased (P0.000). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Image J software analysis showed that compared with the group B, the heart weight/body weight ratio and the area of myocardial cells of the group C mice were significantly increased (P0.001, P0.002). However, after G-MDSCs injection, the above two indexes in the group D mice were decreased compared with those in the group B (P0.000, P0.011). After cisplatin/G-MDSCs combined treatment, the above two indexes in the group E were also decreased compared with those in the group C (P0.000, P0.001). Conclusion: G-MDSCs have cardioprotective effects, while cisplatin can facilitate heart failureimpairing G-MDSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (AUF-MS) technology is a rapid, simple and effective method for the discovery and development of small active molecule in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This technology was initially developed in the middle of 1990s, which was introduced to target-oriented drug discovery. Through the ligand-receptor specific binding characteristics, the affinity ultrafiltration device can facilitate the rapid screening of small-molecule ligands from the complex extracts, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) assists in the structural identification of potentially active small drug molecules. Thus, AUF-MS has become a powerful tool for identifying bioactive molecules from complex chemical matrixes. The general workflow of AUF-MS is not complicated: depending on the molecular weight cut-off of the semi-permeable membrane, the ligand-bound protein complexes are retained by the membrane under centrifugal force to separate the bound and unbound components of the analyte. Bound ligands are eluted from the ultrafiltration membrane by destabilizing the target-ligand complex with an organic solvent or pH change, and then the ligands are consequently subjected to analysis by LC-MS to identify and characterize the low molecular weight compounds that interact with target molecules. The classic strategies of screening active ingredients from natural product, such as the high-throughput screening methods based on ultraviolet fluorimetric or radioactive detection, the traditional phytochemical screening procedure (i.e. isolation, structure elucidation and bioactivity test), are not able to meet the urgent need of contemporary pharmacology research due to its time consumption and a high rate of false positive or negative results. In comparison with those methods, AUF-MS is easier to be operated without unnecessary isolation or purification of inactive compounds and directly screen bioactive ingredients from the Chinese herb. Also, only modest amounts of target proteins are required, which are no labeling or immobilization. AUF-LC-MS was employed to identify inhibitors of enzymes such as α-glucosidase, xanthine oxidase, neuraminidase from Chinese herb medicine. The results showed that AUF-MS performed better reproducibility and more tolerance of interferences than classic strategies for certain targets. In this review, Firstly, a brief introduction was exhibited about the general procedures of AUF-MS, and the key factors affecting the result of AUF-MS, including the selection of ultrafiltration membrane and dissociation, the dose of receptors. Secondly, the recent applications of AUF-MS to screen potential bioactivity small molecules from the natural product in the past ten years were summarized. These results based on AUF-MS to screen active compounds were expected to be valuable for discovering drug molecules candidates from TCM and efficiently designing drugs for prevention and the treatment of diseases. Finally, the future prospects of AUF-MS were also presented. AUFMS technology is expected to provide new research ideas for the screening of active components from TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the actual needs of improving the processor core performance of domestic processors, aiming at the performance defects that may appear in the RTL design of processor cores, this paper proposes a lightweight processor core performance analysis framework based on RTL simulation. The performance analysis framework is designed based on lightweight directional and random tests. Through the rapid simulation of the RTL design of the base processor core (Base Core) and the new generation processor core (New Core), and the comparative analysis of the simulation results, the performance defects that New Core may introduce in the RTL design process are found quickly. Based on the performance analysis framework, combined with actual application scenarios, the test methods and test results are given. The test results show that the performance analysis framework proposed can timely find the performance defects introduced by the new processor core in the RTL design process, and effectively accelerate the development of the domestic processor core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) were applied to analyze the chemical constituents from acetate, n-BuOH and 95% ethanol extracts of Radix Isatidis. The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm×5 μm) with gradient of 0.15% acetic acid/water and methanol as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min at 25 ℃. The UV spectra of peaks were obtained by a diode array detector (DAD) under the detection wavelength at 254 nm and 265 nm. In order to get exact data of MS and MS2 spectra, the atmosphere pressure chemical ionization ion source (APCI) and electrospray ionization ion source (ESI) in positive and negative scan mode were utilized. Up to date, twenty-eight compounds are identified from the crude extracts, including indoles, quinazolinones, organic acids, nucleosides, purines, amino acids, flavones and carbohydrates. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of the extracts from Radix Isatidis were estimated by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and radical scavenging (DPPH) methods. The results of the antioxidant activities indicated that the compositions of antioxidant activity are mainly existed in the small polarity part. Indoles, quinazolinones, organic acids and porphyrins are the main antioxidative constituents of Radix Isatidis. This method is rapid and sensitive, which can be used for analyzing the chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of traditional Chinese medicine in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]