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Objective To establish the automatic synthesis method and quality control method of 18FDPA- 714. Methods Using Sumitomo CFN-F100 multifunctional synthesis module in Japan, the automatic synthesis program was edited independently. 18F-produced by cyclotron HM-10 was captured by QMA column, then eluted, dried and dewatered, and nucleophilic substitution reaction was carried out with the precursor. The crude product was transferred to semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) for separation and purification, the peak of the product was collected, diluted with water, transferred to the C18 column, then washed with water, and finally eluted with 2 mL ethanol, diluted with normal saline, and obtained the product through the sterile filter membrane. The pH value, radiochemical purity, stability and bacterial endotoxin were measured. Results Online automatic preparation of 18F-DPA-714 radiochemical purity was >99%,and synthesis efficiency without attenuation correction was 18%-36%(n=20), the specific activity could reach 675 GBq/mg, and the entire preparation time was about 55 min. Conclusion The online automatic preparation method of 18F-DPA-714 is simple, easy to operate, safe, favorable for radiation protection of workers, stable in synthesis efficiency, high in radiochemical purity, high in specific activity, and qualified in various indexes, which can meet the needs of clinical use [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the crucial immune organ in the body, the liver has complicated immune microenviroment, which can play vital roles in immunoregulation. There are various immune cells and molecules in the immune microenviroment.Each cell performs its own abilities based on the connections with others. The immune microenviroment can not only keep the liver in homeostasis,but also participate in the development of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the connections between liver immune microenviroment and liver fibrosis to guide future investgations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Achieving efficient rapid demulsification of water-in-oil emulsion constructed of oil with high viscosity was realized. Methods The g-C3N4 was prepared from melamine by thermal polymerization method. The composite filter cake was prepared by mixing super-hydrophilic g-C3N4 with diatomite, and the high viscosity water-in-oil emulsion was quickly demulsified by pumping and filtering. ResultsThe filter cake containing 1.5 wt% g-C3N4 with 0.5 cm thickness can realize completely demulsified, which the emulsion with water content less 6 wt% and droplet size larger than 2.32 μm. The demulsification rate of 20 kPa vacuum degree can reach 3.57 L/min, the demulsification efficiency is 97.36%, and the oil recovery rate is above 99.72%. Thickening the filter cake can be used for demulsification of emulsion with higher water content. Such attractive demulsification effect is caused by the simultaneous action of strong affinity of g-C3N4 to water and the crushing effect by micropores of diatomite. Conclusion The g-C3N4/diatomite composite filter cake can be effectively used for efficient rapid demulsification of water-in-oil emulsion with promising application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The decomposition of hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen can avoid waste gas pollution and utilize the resource to a greater degree. The preparation of high-efficiency and stable H2S decomposition catalysts at medium and low temperature and the exploration of their catalytic kinetic behavior are helpful to construct a new process for the efficient decomposition of H2S promoted by the sulfur chemical chain. Methods The catalyst Cr2S3 was prepared using the solution combustion method. The composition and structure of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, BET and SEM/EDS. Additionally, its catalytic performance, stability and reaction kinetics in the catalytic decomposition of H2S for hydrogen production were investigated. This paper also studies the effect of fuel ratio on the catalyst's hydrogen production performance. Results Under the reaction conditions of (H2S) = 5% and GHSV = 24 000 h-1, Cr2S3-T1.50 has the highest H2S conversion rate, up to 16.01% at 800 °C, and no other side reactions appear. The kinetic analysis of the reaction shows that the apparent activation energy of H2S decomposition catalyzed by Cr2S3-T1.50 is 50.7 kJ/mol. Conclusion The Cr2S3 catalyst prepared with the solution combustion method has excellent hydrogen production activity and stability at 400-800 °C and can significantly reduce the apparent activation energy of hydrogen sulfide decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the awareness of knowledge of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and related factors in six provinces in China. Methods From December 2021 to March 2022, a cross‑sectional survey study using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 6 230 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients aged 18 years and above in six provinces in China (Heilongjiang Province, Hubei Province, Guangdong Province, Gansu Province, Tianjin City, and Chongqing City). The survey collected information on the patients′ general characteristics (gender, education level, region, residential area, and duration of diabetes), awareness of DKD prevention and treatment knowledge (including common symptoms of kidney disease, DKD risk factors, and DKD prevention and control measures), and self‑assessment of DKD knowledge and skills. The Chi‑square test was used for inter‑group comparisons. Results Only 18.15% (1 131/6 230) of patients were aware of anemia and fatigue as common symptoms of kidney disease, while 36.84% (2 295/6 230) had no knowledge of any common symptoms of kidney disease. In terms of awareness of DKD risk factors, only 17.61% (1 097/6 230), 16.95% (1 056/6 230), and 13.34% (831/6 230) of the respondents were aware of acute kidney injury, nephrotoxic substances, and excessive protein intake, respectively, while 32.81% (2 044/6 230) had no knowledge of any DKD risk factors. Regarding knowledge of DKD prevention and control measures, only 44.96% (2 801/6 230), 37.37% (2 328/6 230), 33.87% (2 110/6 230), and 25.81% (1 608/6 230) of patients were aware of medication adherence, regular follow‑up and monitoring, blood pressure control, and lipid control, respectively, while 20.13% (1 254/6 230) had no knowledge of any DKD prevention and control measures. Comparison of the knowledge of DKD prevention and treatment among different groups showed that male patients, those from the northern regions, those with a higher level of education, and those with diabetes mellitus for 10 years or more had higher awareness rates of common symptoms, risk factors, and prevention and control measures for DKD (P<0.05). Compared with rural residents, urban residents had higher awareness rates of common symptoms and risk factors of kidney disease (P<0.01). Conclusions The awareness levels of common symptoms of kidney disease, DKD risk factors, and prevention and control measures among diabetes patients in six provinces in China are relatively low, and there are significant differences in awareness levels among diabetes patients of different genders, residential areas, regions, education levels, and disease courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphite felt was modified by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole ・ The effects of polymerization pulse time, pulse number and pulse interval time on the morphology and electrochemical properties of polypyrrole-coated graphite felt were investigated・ The results show that the polypyrrole coating can be tuned by the polymerization pulse time, pulse number and pulse interval time. The coating of polypyrrole can also improve the hydrophilicity and 2-electron oxygen reduction activity of the carbon fiber. The optimal electrochemical polymerization conditions are the polymerization pulse time of 100 s, the interval of 120 s and 10 pulses・ The maximum specific electrochemical activitg surface area reachs 1.502 8 cm2/cm3 ・ In the sodium sulfate solution with pH = 3, a H2O2 production rate of 25. 775 mol/(m3 • h) was achieved, which is about 3・ 17 times of that of the unmodified graphite felt electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive innovation experiment of butyl acetate preparation is set. In the experiment students are allow to design and realize the overall process of synthesis and purification chemical products. It requests the students to have a comprehensive knowledge of the chemicals, including the nature, synthesis and separation method. The comprehensive experiment should be designed and carried out by a team , then the characterization of the products will be chosen and evaluated. It integrates several specialized knowledge of physical chemistry, chemical reaction engineering, principles of chemical engineering, separation engineering and instrument analysis. It is effective to improve the student’s abilities of literature research and team cooperation. And it also provides a platform to train those abilities of experimental design and result analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]