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Herein, we report a method for constructing protein models via 3D printing, and demonstrate it using a series of protein models with distinct structures. These models can be used in teaching to visualize hierarchical protein structures in real space and to help students understand topics such as protein folding and protein-protein interactions. They are also useful in scientific research as aesthetically appealing representations and pieces of art for the popularization of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma apoplexy. Methods The clinical date of 875 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma from January 2010 to January 2021 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively. According to the occurrence of pituitary adenoma hemorrhagic stroke, the patients were divided into stroke group (88 cases) and non-stroke group (787 cases). The risk factors affecting the occurrence of pituitary adenoma hemorrhagic stroke were screened by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The proportion of bromocriptine therapy, the history of taking antithrombotic drugs, recurrent or residual tumor, and the history of intervention operation in the patient with pituitary apoplexy were higher than those without pituitary apoplexy. The proportion of microadenoma in pituitary adenoma apoplexy group was lower than non-apoplexy group. The difference between the two groups has statistical significance (P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that macroadenoma (OR=0.189, 95%CI:0.069-0.522, P=0.001), the history of taking antithrombotic drugs (OR=4.168, 95%CI:1.611-10.785, P=0.003), bromocriptine therapy (OR=2.912, 95%CI:1.156-7.34, P=0.023) and recurrent or residual tumor (OR=2.787, 95%CI:1.179-6.59, P=0.020) were independent risk factors of pituitary apoplexy. Conclusion The risk factors of hemorrhagic pituitary apoplexy are macroadenoma, the history of taking antithrombotic drugs, bromocriptine therapy and recurrent or residual tumor. Objective To investigate the risk factors of hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma apoplexy. Methods The clinical date of 875 patients with non-functioning pituitary adenoma from January 2010 to January 2021 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively. According to the occurrence of pituitary adenoma hemorrhagic stroke, the patients were divided into stroke group (88 cases) and non-stroke group (787 cases). The risk factors affecting the occurrence of pituitary adenoma hemorrhagic stroke were screened by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The proportion of bromocriptine therapy, the history of taking antithrombotic drugs, recurrent or residual tumor, and the history of intervention operation in the patient with pituitary apoplexy were higher than those without pituitary apoplexy. The proportion of microadenoma in pituitary adenoma apoplexy group was lower than non-apoplexy group. The difference between the two groups has statistical significance (P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that macroadenoma (OR=0.189, 95%CI:0.069-0.522, P=0.001), the history of taking antithrombotic drugs (OR=4.168, 95%CI:1.611-10.785, P=0.003), bromocriptine therapy (OR=2.912, 95%CI:1.156-7.34, P=0.023) and recurrent or residual tumor (OR=2.787, 95%CI:1.179-6.59, P=0.020) were independent risk factors of pituitary apoplexy. Conclusion The risk factors of hemorrhagic pituitary apoplexy are macroadenoma, the history of taking antithrombotic drugs, bromocriptine therapy and recurrent or residual tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing knowledge graph query methods ignore the geographic location information of entities themselves, so they do not support geographic location related queries. In view of this problem, on the basis of the hybrid knowledge graph integrating geographic location information, this study proposes a knowledge graph query method based on geographic location information. By extracting the triples from the query problem, the corresponding query graph is constructed to understand the natural language query problem. The query problems based on geographic location information are divided into six categories, and combined with the existing semantic query methods for fact-based problems, the corresponding knowledge graph query methods are studied according to the query graph or K-nearest neighbor search idea. Experimental results show that the accuracy rate of the proposed method can reach more than 77%, which can provide effective support for query based on geographic location information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration in bone microarchitecture, increased bone fragility and fracture prone. It is more common in postmenopausal women and elderly men. Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease and the risk of suffering the disease increases with age. China have the largest number of elderly people in the world. With the prolonged life expectancy and the advent of an aging society. osteoporosis has become an important health problem in our society. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a dynamic methylation modification at the N6 site of adenosine, m6A is the most common internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, which mediates many metabolic processes of mRNA such as splicing, structure conversion, transport, translation, and degradation. It is catalyzed by the methyltransferase complex and this process can be reversed by the FTO and ALKBH5, two demethylases m6A. The reader" proteins of m6A function by recognizing the m6A sites. Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are derived from bone marrow and have multi-directional differentiation potentials such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. m6A can regulate the switch between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. As the core of methyltransferase complex. METTL3 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit their adipogenic differentiation while FTO does the opposite. Various pathways are involved in the process of m6A regulating osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs such as PI3K-Akt pathway. Notch pathway and so on. m6A also can regulate the occurrence of osteoporosis. Both METTL3 and FTO play a vital role in bone formation and they may mediate type I osteoporosis and type II osteoporosis respectively. In this systematic review, we summarize the latest research result on the relationship between m6A and differentiation of BMSCs and osteoporosis and determine that m6A may be a therapeutic target of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pituitary adenomas with xanthogranuloma. Methods The clinical data of 5 cases of pituitary adenomas with xanthogranuloma underwent operation were analyzed retrospectively, and the pathology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, imaging features and treatment of this entity were analyzed in combination with the literature. Results Preoperative MRI showed two patients had high signal on T1 WI and T2 WI in pituitary adenomas. All of the 5 patients underwent operation. Yellow liquid contents were found in 2 cases during operation, and hemosiderosis was found in 3 cases after operation. Temporary diabetes insipidus occurred in 3 cases after operation, and the symptoms were improved after symptomatic treatment. One patient needed long-term hormone replacement therapy. Conclusions Various degrees of anterior pituitary dysfunction is the clinical feature of pituitary adenomas with xanthogranuloma. The possibility of pituitary adenomas with xanthogranuloma should be considered when MRI suggests that pituitary adenomas present high signal cysts in both T1 WI and T2 WI. Imaging and pathology examination find the presence of hemosiderin suggests that xanthogranuloma may be associated with multiple minor bleeding events of pituitary adenomas. Surgical treatment can lead to a good prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]