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[Objectives] The effects of the amount of Trichoderma in bio-nursey substrates on the growth of pepper seedlings and fruit weight per plant of pepper after transplanted into field were studied to reveal the relationship between the number of functional microbes in the bio-nursey substrates and the crop growth promoting effects. [Methods] The effects of bio-nursey substrates containing different amounts of Trichoderma on the dry weight and seedling index of pepper seedlings, fruit weight per plant of pepper after seedlings transplanted into field and the number of Trichoderma in the rhizosphere were studied using greenhouse and field experiments. [Results] The results of the two-seasonal pepper seedlings cultivation experiments showed that compared with the control of common nursey substrate without Trichoderma addition (SCK), the dry weight of pepper shoot for treatment containing 107 CFU·g-1 Trichoderma bio-nursey substrate (S4) significantly increased by 42.9% and 75.0%. Meanwhile, the strong seedling indices for treatments containing 107 CFU·g-1 (S4), 106 CFU·g-1 (S3) and 105 CFU·g-1 (S2) Trichaderma bio-nursey substrate significantly increased by 61.4%, 40.4% and 15.8% in the first season and significantly increased by 66.7%, 50.0% and 18.8% in the second season. Further the results of the two-season field trials exhibited that, compared to the control (CK) of pepper seedlings cultivated in the ordinary nursey substrate transplanted into field, the number of Trichoderma in the pepper rhizosphere was significantly enriched for the treatments of pepper seedlings grown in the bio-nursey substrates containing 107 CFU·g-1 (T4) or 106 CFU·g-1 (T3) Trichoderma transplanted into filed. An average increase of 8.1% and 5.4% for the number of Trichoderma in the the pepper rhizosphere for T4 and T3 treatments compared to CK were observed in the two seasons. The fruit weight per plant of pepper of treatments of pepper seedlings grown in the bio-nursey substrates containing 107 CFU·g-1 (T4), 106 CFU·g-1(T3), 105 CFU·g-1 (T2) Trichoderma transplanted into filed significantly increased by 61.2%, 39.6% and 21.4% on average in the two seasons. Moreover, Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the number of Trichoderma in the bio-nursey substrates and the biomass of pepper seedlings, the fruit weight per plant of pepper thereafter transplanted into field, and the amount of Trichoderma in the rhizosphere. [Conclusions] The bio-nursey substrates containing more than 105 CFU·g-1 of Trichoderma could significantly promote the growth of pepper seedlings and yield after seedlings transplanted into field. And the effects of growth promotion and yield increasement is enhanced with the increases in the amount of functional microbes added into bio-nursey substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Human health is closely related to the geological environment. There ’re various geological environment factors affecting human health in a composite way. Geological background characteristics, including tectonic structure, lithologic features, and landform configuration shape the living conditions of human being. Climate conditions and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics influence the comfortable level for habitation. More importantly, the direct and indirect impacts of elements and chemicals in rock, soil, water, and air and biosphere on human health are comprehensive and significant. In addition, various human activities have increasingly influenced geological substances and geological processes since the Industrial Revolution, which together with natural geological factors contribute to the unique public health characteristics of a region. (Fig.1). Quantifying the impact of geological environment on human health has always been a hot topic in the study of environment, geology, and other disciplines. In terms of environmental health impact assessment, many scholars or organizations have developed different evaluation indicator systems from different research perspectives. Existing studies focus on assessing health risks from a single perspective, such as chemical substances or engineering construction, while comprehensive evaluation of the health impact of the geological environment from the perspective of the earth system is still rare. In today’s world of rapid socio-economic development, the relationship between human health and geological environment is even more complex, and single methods of evaluating environmental and population health are increasingly inadequate to cope with the increasingly complex health factors. The study of the suitability of geological environment for human health is rapidly progressing under a new theoretical framework. RESULTS: (1) The evaluation index system. A comprehensive geological environmental health suitability evaluation index system was developed based on a composite perspective, taking into account multiple dimensions such as environmental geochemistry, regional geological background, climate conditions, and intensity of human activities. The rock strata, topography, climate conditions, as well as the geochemical quality of multiple media such as soil, water, and crops in a certain area, shape the specific lifestyle and behavioral habits of the regional population, resulting in unique regional health characteristics. 　　(2) GHI evaluation method. The geological health index (GHI) evaluation method was established, which divides the health suitability of regional geological environments into five grades based on GHI scores: excellent (85 points or above), good (75-85), fair (60-75), poor (50-60), and very poor, representing the conditions of extremely suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, possibly suitable, and unsuitable for human health. 　　(3) Case study. A case study was conducted in Anji and Longyou counties of Zhejiang Province using the GHI method. The overall GHI scores of the two regions indicated that the health suitability of the geological environment in Anji county was rated as “good” (78.16), while Longyou county was rated as “excellent” (85.50). The evaluation results reflected the health suitability of the regional geological environment, and could provide guidance for rational utilization of geological resources beneficial to health and avoidance of geological risks adverse to health. DISCUSSION: (1) Principles for choosing indicators. The assessment index system was established following scientific principles, making sure the indicators are representative for general geological environment and closely related to human health. The influence of each indicator on health should be based on evidence, which can objectively reflect the difference of geological environment on population health. Furthermore, the indicators should be available in most settings and be simple to calculate. It is beneficial to have the current environmental industry or health industry standards as a reference. 　　(2) Composition of the index system. The GHI index system included 15 specific indicators, which were listed in Table 1. Four sub-indexes were classified to represent the influencing factors of geological environment on human health, which were climate, geological background, environmental geochemistry characteristics and human activities. Two indicators of human comfort level, representing integrated influence of air temperature, humidity and wind, and incidence of extreme weather, were used to characterize the climate factors that affect human health. Four indicators, including regional crustal stability, natural environmental radioactivity, altitude and vegetation coverage, which were closely related to population health, were extracted to characterize the suitability of spatial characteristics of structure, rock, strata and epigenetic systems to population health. Seven indicators including environmental air quality, drinking water quality, irrigation water quality, cultivated land soil quality, agricultural product quality, water resource quantity and land resource quantity were used to characterize the environmental geochemical elements that have an important impact on population health. Human activities have influenced and changed the natural substances at global and regional scales, which have brought about significant impacts on the survival of organisms and human health. In this study, population density and per capita gross industrial and agricultural product were used to characterize the intensity of human activities. 　 　(3) GHI evaluation method. The evaluation of the health suitability of the geological environment was performed following the processes of data standardization, weight assignment, index score calculation and evaluation level classification. A two-step method was proposed to standardize data processing to complete the evaluation process of health suitability of the geological environment. Firstly, the environmental quality level corresponding to all indicators was determined by comparing with the national average level, national and industrial standards and specifications. Secondly, the impact of different levels of geological environmental quality on population health was evaluated with reference to literature, world and national health standards, and the degree of impact is measured with 0-100 points. The weights were assigned to each indicator according to analytic hierarchy procedure (AHP). The scores of each sub-index and total GHI index were calculated according to corresponding equation. Finally, the health suitability of regional geological environment is divided into five levels: excellent (85 points and above), good (75-85), general (60-75), poor (50-60) and bad (below 50), which respectively represent the state of extremely suitable, suitable, relatively suitable, possibly suitable and unsuitable to population health in certain regional geological environment. 　　(4) Case study. A case study was conducted in Anji and Longyou counties of Zhejiang Province using the GHI method. The results showed that the two regions scored similarly in the three sub-indices of “climate conditions”, “geological background”, and “human activity intensity”, while there was a significant difference in the sub-index of “environmental geochemistry”. This was because the agricultural products in the selenium-enriched area of Anji were severely contaminated with heavy metals, while there was no such phenomenon in the selenium-enriched land of Longyou County. The overall GHI scores of the two regions indicated that the health suitability of the geological environment in Anji county was rated as “good” (78.16), while Longyou County was rated as “excellent” (85.50). However, the investigation found little difference in the health status of the residents in the two areas, with the average life expectancy of the residents in both areas higher than the national average. This suggests that although the geological environment in Anji County has high geochemical characteristics of Cd and Ni, the seleniumenriched environment has played a certain compensatory role, and Anji County still maintains an overall level of “suitable” for human health. 　　(5) Limitations and future research prospects. With the rapid development of global society and economy, the relationship between population health and geological environment is complicated, and the evaluation method with single dimension is difficult to adapt to the increasingly complicated situation of health influencing factors. In this study, the GHI method is proposed to evaluate the health suitability of geological environment. Based on the multi-dimension of environmental geochemistry, regional geological background, climate condition and human activity intensity, the evaluation index system and evaluation method of geological environmental health suitability are studied from a composite perspective. The GHI evaluation method could be used for regional geological environment evaluation and zoning, and the evaluation results could help manage a more habitable environment and improve the health level of the population. However, there are still some limitations to this approach: ① There is no grouping of the target population. ② The exposure time is not considered. ③ The actual intake of water and food is not confirmed. To sum up, the method will be continuously improved by refining the index system, to develop a health suitability assessment method with greater spatial heterogeneity that could meet the needs of the public and government to the greatest extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the detection of early cervical cancer patient's peripheral blood CK19 mRNA and its clinical significance. Methods 30 early （ⅠA2~ⅡA） cervical cancer patients from the department of gynecological tumors in the third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University were selected as experimental group， 15 patients with uterine myoma and 15 healthy volunteers as negative control group，15 advanced （ⅡB～ ⅢB） cervical cancer patients as positive control group. Peripheral blood samples before receiving radical resection of experimental group，and the same samples before treatment of control groups were collected. The change of relative expression level and positive rate of peripheral blood CK19 was analyzed using qRT-PCR technique， and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was further analyzed. Results There was significant difference in relative expression level of CK19 mRNA in the peripheral blood between experimental group and control groups （ ＜0.001） . And the positive rate of CK19 in the peripheral blood from 30 patients with early cervical cancer before operation in the experimental group was 30% （9/30） . Furthermore， CK19 mRNA positive rate before surgery was correlated with lymph node metastasis， muscularis invasion and pathologic risk factors for postoperative （ < 0.05） . There were no significant correlation between CK19 mRNA positive rate and other clinical and pathological features such as age，clinical stage （FIGO），tumor cell differentiation，tumor size，pathological type and etc （ > 0.05） . Conclusions CK-19 mRNA is a specific and suitable molecular marker for the detection of circulating tumor cells in early cervical cancer. Detection of peripheral blood CK19 mRNA expression before receiving radical hysterectomy in patients with early cervical cancer can also make up for the disadvantage of other methods such as the imaging，tumor marker detection. Most important of all，it can provide the basis for choosing a proper adjuvant therapy post-operation and estimating the relapse and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Detect the change of relative expression level and positive rate of peripheral blood CK19 and SCCAg mRNA in early cervical cancer patients before receiving radical hysterectomy by qRT-PCR technique， then study the value of combined detection of peripheral blood CK19 and SCCAg mRNA expression in diagnosis of early cervical cancer micrometastasis. Methods Thirty patients with early （Ⅰ A2 ~ Ⅱ A） cervical cancer from the department of gynecological tumors in the third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University were selected as experimental group， 15 patients with uterine myoma and 15 healthy volunteers as negative control group，and 15 advanced （ⅡB ～ⅢB） cervical cancer patients as positive control group. Peripheral blood samples before receiving radical resection of experimental group and the same samples before treatment of control groups were collected.The changes of relative expression level and positiverate of peripheral blood CK19 and SCCAg mRNA were analyzed using qRT-PCR technique. Results There was significant difference in relative expression level of CK19 and SCCAg mRNA in the peripheral blood between experimental group and control groups （ <0.01). And the positiverate of CK19 and SCCAgm RNA in the peripheral blood from 30 patients with early cervical cancer before operation in the experimental group was 30% （9/30） and 20% （6/30）， respectively. Furthermore， combined detection of the expression of the two markers can improve the positive rate to 43.3%，much higher than single marker. There was also significant difference in the positiverate by combined detection of the two markers between the experimental group and control groups （ <0.05） . Conclusion CK19 and SCCAg mRNA could be used as the specific and suitable molecular markers for the detection of early cervical cancer micrometastasis. The combined detection of relative expression level and positive rate of peripheral blood CK19 and SCCAg mRNA by qRT-PCR array could significantly enhance the sensitivity and specificity for cancer cell detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]