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Relations between crystal type, particle size and mechanical sensitivities of dihydroxylammonium 5,5’-bistetrazole-1,1’-diolate (HATO) made by different production methods were analysized. Results showed that impact sensitivities of HATO flake-like is higher, but friction sensitivity of HATO with different morphology and particle size is similar on statistics.HATO by milling process possesses higher impact sensitivity and lower friction sensitivity than before. HATO mixture with ETPE has higher impact sensitivity and higher friction sensitivity than pure HATO. Graphite lowers HATO’s impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity significantly.Loading density, gap between impact columns, and explosive’s friction factor influence production of “hot spot”,thus influence explosive’s impact sensitivity. Evaluating mechanical sensitivities with current equipments is limited, and novel equipment should be designed to evaluate explosive’s real mechanical sensitivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the pathogen bacteria distribution and influencing factors of postoperative blood flow infection pathogens in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods: 102 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the study subjects. All patients received surgical treatment, and the incidence of postoperative bloodstream infections and pathogen bacteria distribution were analyzed. Patients were divided into infected group (n=17) and uninfected group (n=85) based on the incidence of postoperative bloodstream infections. Collected clinical data from patients, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression to were used to analyze the risk factors for postoperative bloodstream infection in Stanford type A aortic dissection patients. Results: 102 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, 17 experienced postoperative bloodstream infections, with an infection rate of 16.67%.45 strains of pathogens were isolated from 17 patients with bloodstream infections, including 29 strains of Gram negative bacteria (64.44%), 13 strains of Gram positive bacteria (28.89%), and 3 strains of fungi (6.67%). The age, diabetes history, antibiotic treatment course, surgical duration, proportion of implantation of artificial valves, proportion of secondary tracheal intubation, proportion of mechanical ventilation, and duration of deep vein catheterization in the infected group were all higher than those in the uninfected group(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that advanced age, second endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, long time of deep vein catheterization, long surgical duration, and high proportion of implantation of artificial valves were independent risk factors for postoperative blood flow infection. Conclusion: The patients with Stanford A aortic dissection have a high incidence of blood flow infection after surgery, and the main pathogens of infection are Gram negative bacteria. The risk factors of blood flow infection after surgery are the advanced age, secondary tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, long time of deep vein catheterization, long surgical duration, and high proportion of implantation of artificial valves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

新型冠状病毒肺炎作为一种新型传染病,由于其传染性极强,目前已被《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定为乙 类传染病,并按甲类传染病管理。医院作为收治确诊和疑似病例的场所,承担着诊疗和隔离的任务,但在疾病发展早期,由于对新 型冠状病毒的了解甚少,再加上防控经验的不足,时有医院感染发生。因此,预防与控制医院感染成为新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防 卫战的重中之重. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of data sparsity in collaborative filtering，this paper proposes a hybrid recommendation algorithm combining multi-source information clustering and IRC-RBM. Firstly， this algorithm takes user trust and project time weight as the clustering basis，uses the K-means clustering algorithm of minimum spanning tree to carry out clustering analysis on users generates K similar user sets，and conducts scoring prediction on the basis of clustering analysis. Finally，the scoring matrix after clustering and the scoring matrix generated by IRC-RBM model are weighted and fused by linear weighting and Top-N is used for recommendation. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid recommendation algorithm significantly improves the accuracy in comparison to the traditional recommendation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the variation parameters of Bacillus concentration and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate, the apparent changes, failure morphology and Bacillus repair of the recycled aggregate concrete specimens were analyzed. The results show that the cracking change and failure mode of the concrete specimens were similar to those of ordinary concrete specimens when there placement rate of recycled aggregates was low, and there was no significant fluctuation in repair efficiency with the change of the concentration of Bacillus. With the increase of the replacement rate of recycled aggregates, the crack growth rate of recycled aggregate concrete was higher than that of ordinary concrete. When there placement rate was less than 30%, there pair effect of recycled concrete after cracking was not obvious, and the deterioration of ordinary concrete strength and ion erosion resistance was greater than that of recycled concrete. After there placement rate exceeded 30%, the degradation of ordinary concrete against ion erosion was more significant than that of recycled concrete. With the increase of the concentration of Bacillus, the increase of reclaimed concrete repair was obviously larger than that of ordinary concrete. When the concentration exceeded 30%, the ability of Bacillus repair in the test piece was degraded and the repair effect was still better than ordinary concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a large-scale water conservancy project has caused the adjustment of the scouring and silting of the downstream river channel， which has a significant impact on the ecological environment， flood control and channel transportation. Since the trial experimental impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam in 2008， the down¬stream erosion of Chenglingji has intensified. To explore the adjust characteristics of scouring and silting and the driv¬ ing mechanism of tlie downstream erosion of a river channel during a water control project， the spatial evolution char¬acteristics and transverse morjDhological variation of the reach from Chenglingji to Jiujiang reach were analyzed. The results show that the scouring of the lowflowchannel in the Chenglingji—Jiujiang reach has intensified， and the mor¬phological changes since 2008 have mainly been concentrated in the medium flow channel， of which the proportion of the evolution volume accounts for more than 90% $ the transvers changes shows scouring and incising， while a sec¬tional view displays narrowingand deepening. On the basis of theestablished empirical relationship between the reach-scale medium channel dimensions and the accumulated sediment transport capacity in each discharge interval during 175 m experimental water storage period from 2008 to 2016，this paper indicates that the discharge of 29 000—31 000 m3/s at Luoshan Station and that of 31 000—33 000 m3/s at Hankou Station can be regarded as characteristic discharges corresponding to the average top levels of braided channel bars，which are of morphological significance in constraining the pasing flow in the medium flow channel and guaranteeing that tlie water transport ca¬pacity is the strongest. The geomorphic impact of flow below the characteristic discharge was more prominent during 2008 —2016 $ this impact resulted in the adjustment of scouring and silting being mainly concentrated in the medium flow channel. Moreover， river channel erosion has intensified because， in addition to the construction of waterway regulation projects， the volume of transported sediment with d > 0. 125 mm has largely diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Gastrodin has anti-inflammatory effects and is mainly used in clinical practice for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and its mechanism of action is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of gastrodin intervention on inflammatory injury in ischemic stroke rats.METHODS: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operated group, model group, positive control group, high-dose gastrodin group and low-dose gastrodin group by the randomized numerical method, with 10 rats in each group. Ischemic stroke models were established by the middle cerebral artery occlusion method in all groups of rats except for the sham operation group. Administration in each group started on the 3rd day after surgery, and the rats in the positive control group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone injection (6 mg/kg), the rats in the high- and low-dose gastrodin groups were intraperitoneally injected with 50 and 10 mg/kg gastrodin injection respectively, and the rats in the sham-operated and model groups were intraperitoneally injected with the equal volume of physiological saline. After 14 days of continuous treatment in each group, the pathological changes in rat brain tissue were observed, and the positive expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of inflammatory response-related proteins and their mRNAs were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham-operated group, the volume of cerebral infarction became larger in the model group; the structure of brain tissue was loose, irregular cavities could be observed, and the number of neurons was reduced and irregularly arranged; the positive expression of NLRP3 inflammasome increased (P < 0.01); and the protein and mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, Caspase-1, and interleukin-1β increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the volume of cerebral infarction became smaller in the high- and low-dose gastrodin groups; the neurons were regularly arranged, increased in number, and uniformly distributed; the positive expression of NLRP3 inflammasome was decreased (P < 0.05); the protein and mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, Caspase-1, and interleukin-1β were decreased in the high-dose gastrodin group (P < 0.01); Toll-like receptor 4 protein expression showed no significant changes in the low-dose gastrodin group, and the protein and mRNA expression of the other inflammatory response-associated factors decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). To conclude, gastrodin attenuates inflammatory injury in ischemic stroke rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response-associate factor expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the deficiencies of traditional fire smoke detection techniques and improve the detection rate of smoke detection algorithms, we propose a new smoke detection algorithm based on dense optical flow and edge features according to the characteristics of smoke movements. Firstly, the algorithm extracts the moving regions by combining the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for background modeling with the frame difference method. Then by dividing the motion area into three parts, including the upper, middle and lower parts, the algorithm extracts optical flow vector features and edge orientation histograms from each part. Considering the continuous relevance of smoke movement in the time domain，the algorithm extracts the feature vectors of smoke from every three adjacent frames to enhance the robustness. Finally，the training and detection of smoke are implemented by using support vector machines. A high detection rate above 94% is obtained on the video test set. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can better adapt to complex environmental conditions in practical applications than other existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), the dominant discharge in the reaches downstream of the TGD have changed. Studying the changes in dominant discharge and the factors driving these changes is of great importance to illustrating the changes and mechanisms of riverbed evolution in the downstream reaches. Based on data from 1981 to 2015, the Makayev method, frequency analysis and the bankfull level method are used to calculate the pre-and post-dam dominant discharge in Yichang, Zhicheng, Shashi, Jianli, Luoshan, Hankou, Jiujiang and Datong. The results show the following:① Both the flow process and sediment transport capacity are taken into account by the Makayev method, and the results are relatively reasonable. ② The post-dam dominate discharge at each station is reduced by 3 000-6 000 m3/s and is consistent with the adjustment area changing from bankfull channel to medium flow channel, which reflects the rationality of the results. Specifically, through time, the dominate discharge decreases clearly after 2009; spatially, the dominant discharge decreases from Yichang to Jianli and then increases from Jianli to Datong. ③ The dominate discharge is sensitive to the runoff of the incoming flow and peak discharge, and this relation exhibits a positive correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the evolvement characteristics and driving mechanism of a anabranching river channel under the influence of a water control project, this study classifies the branching river channel on the basis of the dynamic split ratio and measured hydrology and topography data for the lower reach of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The regulation rules of the primary branching river channel, secondary branching river channel, and low river island and their effects on the hydrological process are also investigated. The results reveal the following points. First, when the Three Gorges Reservoir is impounding, the low river island of the anabranching river channel shrinks. The branching river channel shows the specific rule of coexistence of "primary branching river channel goes up and secondary branching river channel goes down" and "primary branching river channel goes down and secondary branching river channel goes up." Second, on the basis of the dynamic split ratio of the classification of the branching river channel, these evolutionary differences are summarized as follows:the development rate of the dry-water-prone branching river channel is greater than that of the flood-prone branching river channel, and the flood-prone branching river channel has basically been characterized by siltation since 2008. Third, the decrease in flood and the continuous increase in the medium flow are the driving factors for the adjustment of channel. The erosion and sedimentation of the branching river channel show a stable pattern of the primary and secondary branching river channels, which is compatible with the hydrological process of decreasing the coefficient of runoff variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flame foreground extraction is an important step in video-based fire detection algorithms ; and it is the basis of following flame feature recognition algorithms. Given the fact that existing flame foreground extraction algorithms cannot extract flame foreground accurately under the interference of intense light or when the background color is similar to the flame, we propose a new algorithm to extract fire foreground. Firstly, the algorithm determines the primary suspected region by calculating the momentary motion region and the fire colored region. Secondly, we obtain the moving foreground region by different background subtraction methods according to the primary suspected region. Finally ; we get the fire foreground region according to the moving foreground region and the fire colored region. Experimental results show that compared with four existing flame foreground extraction methods ; the proposed algorithm has a much higher accuracy rate (100%), The proposed method can adapt to different complicated backgrounds and meet real-time requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the short-term clinical effect of pedicle fixation at the fractured vertebra via paravertebral intermuscular approach for thoracolumbar fractures. Methods: A total of 95 patients with thoracolumbar fractures, who were treated in Third Hospital Affiliated of Hebei Medical University from April 2013 to September 2014, were selected. All the patients were treated with pedicle fixation at the fractured vertebra via paravertebral intermuscular approach. The waist and back pains of the patients were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year before and after operation; The height ratio of the posterior margin to posterior margin of the injured vertebra and thoracolumbar kyphosis deformity Cobb angle were determined and analysed. Results: VAS scores and JOA scores gradually decreased during 1 month,3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after operation, lower than before operation, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The height ratio of the posterior margin to posterior margin of the injured vertebra at different time points gradually decreased, and the thoracolumbar kyphosis deformity Cobb angle after operation significantly decreased than before operation, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Using pedicle fixation at the fractured vertebra via paravertebral intermuscular approach to treat the patients with thoracolumbar fractures can significantly relieve the waist and back pains, with obvious spine orthopedic effect and good short-term prognosis, which is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the value of serum lipid metabolism and orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)quantitative parameters in predicting the efficacy of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy in patients with active and moderate ⁃to ⁃ severe thyroid ⁃ associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods: The study retrospectively enrolled 44 patients with active and moderate⁃to⁃severe TAO receiving GC therapy, according to GC efficacy, patients were divided into the GC ⁃ sensitive group (n=28) and the GC ⁃insensitive group (n=16). Serum lipid metabolism, orbital MRI ⁃ based lacrimal gland herniation/orbital fat thickness (LGH/OFT) as well as other clinical parameters before GC therapy were collected and compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to analyze the independent predictors related to GC therapy efficacy and evaluate their predictive value. Results: The serum total cholesterol and serum low ⁃ density lipoprotein cholesterol in GC ⁃ sensitive group were significantly lower than those in the insensitive group (P=0.005, P=0.019), and the disease duration was shorter in the sensitive group (P=0.037). The ratio of LGH/OFT in the sensitive group was higher than that in the insensitive group significantly (P < 0.001). Serum total cholesterol and LGH/OFT were found to be independent predictors of sensitivity to GC therapy in TAO patients through multivariate analysis (odds ratio were 0.230 and 1.395per 0.1 units, respectively) (both P < 0.05). Combining serum total cholesterol ≤ 4.8 mmol/L and LGH/OFT ≥ 1.51, the best predictive efficacy could be obtained (area under the curve 0.838, sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 65.6%). Conclusion: Both serological lipid parameters and orbital MRI quantitative parameters can predict the sensitivity of GC therapy in patients with active and moderate ⁃ to ⁃ severe TAO, and their combinations can further improve the predictive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cigarette mainstream smoke is a complex aerosol system that consists of gas-phase and particulate-phase components. The chemical compositions of both phases continuously change with time and temperature, and can significantly impact human health in various ways. Many components in both phases are toxic or carcinogenic, and they are dynamically partitioned between the two phases. Current research on the chemical composition of cigarette smoke aerosols mainly focuses on off-line detection, particularly the particulate-phase, which presents a significant challenge for on-line detection. In order to accurately characterize the chemical composition of the two phases, a homemade vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometer was utilized to analyze cigarette mainstream smoke. The high time resolution of the instrument was allowed for thorough investigation of the puff-by-puff characteristics of cigarette smoke. By combining a capillary interface and an aerodynamic lens to sampling, the instrument precisely analyzed the components of gas-phase and particulate-phase, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the gas-phase and particulate-phases of cigarette mainstream smoke have their own unique and distinctive mass spectra. The gas-phase components mainly consisted of small molecular volatile organic compounds with mass numbers in the range of m/z <150, while the particulate-phase components were more intricate and could cover the entire mass range detected by the mass spectrometer (m/z <400). Some components primarily presented in the gas phase, some existed solely in the particulate phase, while others could be found in both phases. The puff-by-puff analysis of the gas phase showed two variations, the signal intensity of most components tended to increase with the puff number. However, some unsaturated hydrocarbons exhibited higher relative intensity in the second puff, after which it gradually decreased and eventually stabilized or slightly increased. Almost all the components in the particulate-phase showed an increasing puff-by-puff trend, which was gentler compared to that of the gas-phase components. This study resolves the chemical composition of fresh cigarette smoke on-line and characterizes the partitioning of some toxic or carcinogenic compounds in the gas-phase and particulate-phase, which is important for understanding the health effects of mainstream cigarette smoke, and also provides detailed information on the dynamics of important components in both phases during smoking, which is expected to facilitate quantitative or semi-quantitative investigation of the component partitioning in the gas-phase and particulate-phase in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ: Ａｉｍｉｎｇ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｌｅｘｉｂｌｅ ｆｅｅｄ ｄｒｉｖｅ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｍａｃｈｉｎｅ ｔｏｏｌ, ｔｈｅ ｈｉｇｈ-ｓｐｅｅｄ ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｂａｌｌ ｓｃｒｅｗ ｄｒｉｖｅｒ ｗａｓ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｄ, ａｎｄ ａｎ ｏｐｔｉｍａｌ ｆｅｅｄｂａｃｋ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈ ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ. Ａｃｔｉｖｅ ｄａｍｐｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｅ ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ ｗｅｒｅ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄ ｕｓｉｎｇ ｆｅｅｄｂａｃｋ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｌｏａｄ ｓｉｄｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆｅｅｄ ｔａｂｌｅ. Ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓａｍｅ ｔｉｍｅ, ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｗａｓ ｏｐｔｉｍａｌｌｙ ａｄｊｕｓｔｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｗｏ ｗｅｉｇｈｔｓ ｔｏ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ａｃｔｉｖｅ ｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｅｅｄｂａｃｋ, ｔｈｅ ｔａｂｌｅ ｆｌｕｔｔｅｒ ｗａｓ ｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｅｄ ｂｙ ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇ ｍｏｄａｌ ｄａｍｐｉｎｇ, ａｎｄ ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ａｎｔｉ-ｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ ｔｏ ｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓ ｈｉｇｈ-ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ. Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｅｔｈｏｄ ｃａｎ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｅ ｈｉｇｈ-ｓｐｅｅｄ ｆｅｅｄ ｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ａｔ ａ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｃｏｓｔ. Ｔｈｅ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ ｅｒｒｏｒ ａｔ ｈｉｇｈ ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ±４０ μｍ ａｎｄ ａ ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ ｂａｎｄｗｉｄｔｈ ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ３００ Ｈｚ ｉｓ ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄ. Ｔｈｅ ｏｐｔｉｍａｌ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｉｓ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ａｔ ｌｏｗ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ ａｎｄ ｈｉｇｈ ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ ｉｓ ｓｔｒｏｎｇ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ａｔｔｅｎｕａｔｉｏｎ ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅ ｇｒｅａｔｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ５ ｔｉｍｅｓ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄ ａｔ ａｂｏｕｔ １５７ Ｈｚ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmosphere is a complex mixture system including various gaseous molecules and particulate matters as well as free radicals. The cases of atmospheric pollution often occur in urban or suburban areas during the evolution of industry, and have adverse influences on the human health and daily life. The origins of atmospheric pollution are complicated, which often comprise a series of chemical reactions involving abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), free radicals and aerosol particles. How to analyze these species operando is a hot, significant and challenging topic of atmospheric chemistry. In the past decades, benefiting from the rapid development of analytical techniques used in the atmospheric chemistry, abundant reaction mechanisms for the formation of pollutants have been proposed and revealed. However, due to the complexity of atmospheric chemistry, presently the formation mechanisms of atmospheric pollution are still very limited or coarse and deserve to be comprehensively investigated. As a widely used analytical technique, vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (VUV-PIMS) can provide mass information of molecular ions benefiting from its “soft” ionization at the threshold ionization energy of molecules. Therefore, the obtained VUV photoionization mass spectra have the characters of no or less fragment ions and are easier to be assigned. Then the key chemical components involved in the atmospheric chemical reactions can be identified efficiently, which are very helpful to reveal the complex mechanisms of atmospheric chemical reactions. In this paper, the recent development of VUV-PIMS and its wide applications in atmospheric chemistry were summarized. Several kinds of VUV light sources, including VUV laser, synchrotron radiation, free electron laser and VUV discharge lamp, were presented. In combination with these advanced light sources, several kinds of VUV-PIMS setups were introduced and their advantages were discussed. In addition, the applications of VUV-PIMS to analyze atmospheric VOCs, free radicals and their reactions, and the chemical compositions of aerosol particles were reviewed. Concretely, in the aspect to detect VOCs in laboratory or on site, several strategies to improve the sensitivity of detection, in particular the improvement of the photoionization source, were presented here in detail. The analysis of several elusive free radicals and their atmospheric oxidation reactions studied by VUV-PIMS were described. Then, the utilization of VUV-PIMS to measure the chemical compositions of aerosols was introduced. Moreover, the perspectives of VUV-PIMS and its further applications in atmospheric chemistry were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the characteristics of vertebral osteopenia and spinal deformity caused by different genotypes models of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NFl). Methods The WT, Nfl+/-, Nflflox/flo; Col2. 3Cre+, and Nfl flux/-; Col2. 3Cre+ mice were cultivated and divided into four groups. WT mice were used as control. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examination, bone mineral density detection, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scanning, morphological observation of osteoclasts, osteoblast culture, biomechanical analysis, and tissue and cytology were performed and compared among different genotypes of mice. Results Compared to those in the control group, the vertebral body height, bone mineral density and bone mass in Nflflux/-; Col2. 3Cre+ mice reduced significantly. The study of vertebral morphology found that the ratio of vertebral canal area (C) to vertebral body area (V) increased significantly in Nflnoxi ; Col2. 3Cre+ mice. Biomechanical analysis found that the peak load and peak stress of vertebral body in Nflflux+/-; Col2.3Cre+ mice also decreased significantly. Tissue and cytological analysis showed that the number of osteoclasts increased and the number of osteoblasts decreased in the vertebrae of Nflflax/-; Col2.3Cre+mice. Conclusion The Nfl flox1+; Col2.3Cre+ mice show osteopenia and spinal structural and functional abnormalities. This mimics the characteristic changes of spine in NFl patients with dystrophic osteoporosis. This study provides scientific basis for clinical understanding and treatment of osteoporosis and spinal deformity caused by NFl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的　观察单孔全胸腔镜手术（ｃＶＡＴＳ）在胸部肿瘤治疗中的应用效果。方法　选取胸部肿瘤患者８２ 例，均采用单孔ｃＶＡＴＳ治疗，记录手术情况。结果　患者手术均顺利完成，中转开胸３例，无手术死亡，术后无支气 管胸膜瘘、肺栓塞、大出血等严重并发症；手术时间（９５．９±４８．６）ｍｉｎ，术中出血量（８６．７±５３．６）ｍＬ，术后视觉模 拟评分（２．５４±０．９）分，胸腔闭式引流时间（２．８０±０．８６）ｄ，术后住院时间（５．７７±０．８６）ｄ。结论　在胸部肿瘤治 疗中应用单孔ｃＶＡＴＳ安全、可行。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　Ｔｏ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ ｉｏｎｉｚｉｎｇ ｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ ｏｎ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｉｎ ｎｏｎ-ｓｍａｌｌ-ｃｅｌｌ ｌｕｎｇ ｃａｎｃｅｒ （ＮＳＣＬＣ）ｃｅｌｌ ｌｉｎｅｓ ｉｎ ｖｉｔｒｏ． Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ 　Ｔｈｅ ｅｐｉｄｅｒｍａｌ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ （ＥＧＦＲ）ｅｘｏｎ １９ ｇｅｎｅ ｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎ ＮＳＣＬＣ ｃｅｌｌ ｌｉｎｅ ＰＣ-９ （ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ）ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ＮＳＣＬＣ ｃｅｌｌ ｌｉｎｅ ＰＣ-９ ／ ＡＢ （ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ）ｗｅｒｅ ｕｓｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｉｓ ｓｔｕｄｙ． ＰＣ-９ ／ ＡＢ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｉｎｄｕｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｃｅｌｌｓ， ｎａｍｅｄ ａｓ ＰＣ-９ ／ ＡＢ ＩＲ （ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ）． Ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ ｗｅｒｅ ｇｉｖｅｎ ｔｏ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｇｒｏｕｐ ａｎｄ ＩＣ５０ ｖａｌｕｅｓ ｏｆ ｅａｃｈ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｅｒｅ ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄ ｔｏ ｅｖａｌｕａｔｅ ｃｅｌｌ ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｔｏ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ． Ｒａｄｉｏｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄ ｂｙ ｃｌｏｎｅ ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ ａｓｓａｙ． ＥＧＦＲ ｇｅｎｅ ｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｘｔ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｎｇ ａｓｓａｙ （２９５ ｇｅｎｅ ｐａｎｅｌ）． Ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓsｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｅ-ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ ａｎｄ Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ． Ｔｈｅ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｒａｔｅ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｆｌｏｗ ｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ． Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　Ｔｈｅ ＩＣ５０ ｖａｌｕｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｅｒｅ （０． ０５ ± ０． ０３）， （１６． ０１ ±３． ４２）ａｎｄ （０． ２８ ±０． ０１）μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ，ａｎｄ ＩＣ５０ ｖａｌｕｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗａｓ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ （Ｐ ＜０． ０５）． Ｃｌｏｎｅ ｆｏｒｍｉｎｇ ａｓｓａｙ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｌｌ ｓｕｒｖｉｖｉｎｇ ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ， ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｅｒｅ ０． ５７９ ±０． ０４４，０． ６８８ ±０． ０１１，ａｎｄ ０． ８２３ ± ０． ００９，ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ； ｔｈｅ ｃｅｌｌ ｓｕｒｖｉｖｉｎｇ ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗａｓ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈａｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ （Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）． Ｔｈｅ ｎｅｘｔ ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｎｇ ａｓｓａｙ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ ａｎｄ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｈａｒｂｏｒｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｌｅｔｉｏｎ ｍｕｔａtｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｏｎ １９ ｗｉｔｈ Ｔ７９０Ｍ ｓｅｃｏｎｄａｒｙ ｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｅｘｏｎ ２０ ｏｆ ＥＧＦＲ ａｎｄ ｄｅｌｅｔｉｏｎ ｍｕｔａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｏｎ ７ ｏｆ ＴＰ５３． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｅｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ ｗａｓ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-rｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-rｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ （ｂｏｔｈ Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）． Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ ｗａｓ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ｌｏｗｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ （ｂｏｔｈ Ｐ ＜０． ０５）． Ａｆｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ ａｔ ２０，４０，ａｎｄ ８０μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ，ｔｈｅ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ ｒａｔｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗａｓ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ-ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔ ｇｒｏｕｐ （ａｌｌ Ｐ ＜ ０． ０５）． Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ　Ｘ-ｉｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎ ｃａｎ ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｆ ＮＳＣＬＣ ｃｅｌｌ ｌｉｎｅｓ ａｎｄ ｅｎｈａｎｃｅ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｃｅｌｌｓ ｔｏ ｇｅｆｉｔｉｎｉｂ． Ｔｈｅ ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ ｍａｙ ｂｅ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｒｅｖｅｒｓａｌ ｏｆ ＥＭＴ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The homogeneous multiphase model and volume of fluid (VOF) method are used to simulate the interaction between control surface and main cavity of supercavitaing vehicle (SCV) under different flow patterns of cavity and angles of attack of control surface. Numerical result shows that the vehicle cavity shape affects the submersion depth of the control surfaces, and the variation of submersion depth is up to above 50 percent. The hydrodynamics of control surface is obviously affected by the variation of submersion depth. The length of main cavity is enlarged by 3 percent in average due to the presence of control surface, the cross shape of main cavity could be significantly changed when there is an angle of attack of the control faces, and the cavity shape of SCV experienced a worst deformation under a base closure cavity flow pattern. The interaction between control surface and main cavity of supercavitating vehicle should be taken into consideration during the design process of cavity flow pattern and control law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the distribution of TCM Syndrome of chest stuffiness patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI, and analyze the relationship between different syndrome types and influencing factors. Methods: The investigation data of 105 patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI who were treated in Cardiology Department of Dongzhimen hospital from March 2010 to March 2015 were collected, according to TCM standards are divided into 7 syndrome types: Qi-Yin deficiency, Qi deficiency and blood stasis, Qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity, Yang Qi deficiency, Turbid phlegm and blood stasis, Qi stagnation and blood stasis, Yin-yang deficiency. Analyzed the relationship between the distribution of TCM Syndrome of chest stuffiness patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI and related factors. Results: Qi-Yin deficiency was 36 cases (34.29%), Qi deficiency and blood stasis was 22 cases (20.95%), Qi stagnation and blood stasis was 14 cases (13.33%),Yang Qi deficiency was 10 cases (9.52%), Turbid phlegm and blood stasis was 9 cases (8.57%), Qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity was 8 cases (7.62%), Yin-yang deficiency was 6 cases (5.71%), Qi-Yin deficiency was significantly higher than the rest occupy syndromes, Gender and age of the patients with the TCM syndrome distribution was not statistically significant (P>0.05); The amount of smoking and alcohol consumption in the Qi Yin deficiency syndrome were significantly higher than the other syndromes (P<0.05); Divorce of Qi stagnation and blood stasis was obviously more than the rest of the divorce certificate type (P<0.05). Conclusion: The main syndrome types of patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI were Qi-Yin deficiency, and patients with drinking and smoking quantity is larger, the deficiency of Qi-Yin deficiency are more obvious, and patients with family and marital separation with more common in Qi stagnation and blood stasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the distribution of TCM Syndrome of chest stuffiness patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI, and analyze the relationship between different syndrome types and influencing factors. Methods: The investigation data of 105 patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI who were treated in Cardiology Department of Dongzhimen hospital from March 2010 to March 2015 were collected, according to TCM standards are divided into 7 syndrome types: Qi-Yin deficiency, Qi deficiency and blood stasis, Qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity, Yang Qi deficiency, Turbid phlegm and blood stasis, Qi stagnation and blood stasis, Yin-yang deficiency. Analyzed the relationship between the distribution of TCM Syndrome of chest stuffiness patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI and related factors. Results: Qi-Yin deficiency was 36 cases (34.29%), Qi deficiency and blood stasis was 22 cases (20.95%), Qi stagnation and blood stasis was 14 cases (13.33%),Yang Qi deficiency was 10 cases (9.52%), Turbid phlegm and blood stasis was 9 cases (8.57%), Qi deficiency and phlegm turbidity was 8 cases (7.62%), Yin-yang deficiency was 6 cases (5.71%), Qi-Yin deficiency was significantly higher than the rest occupy syndromes, Gender and age of the patients with the TCM syndrome distribution was not statistically significant (P>0.05); The amount of smoking and alcohol consumption in the Qi Yin deficiency syndrome were significantly higher than the other syndromes (P<0.05); Divorce of Qi stagnation and blood stasis was obviously more than the rest of the divorce certificate type (P<0.05). Conclusion: The main syndrome types of patients with coronary heart disease with diabetes after PCI were Qi-Yin deficiency, and patients with drinking and smoking quantity is larger,the deficiency of Qi-Yin deficiency are more obvious, and patients with family and marital separation with more common in Qi stagnation and blood stasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间重庆市援鄂医护人员心理应激严重程度及其与睡眠等因素的相关性。方 法 采取方便抽样法应用创伤后应激反应症状自评量表、自制简易睡眠情况问卷对重庆市676名援鄂医护人员进行调查;采用单 因素及多因素 logistic回归模型分析其相关因素。结果 676名医护人员中存在急性心理应激症状者463名,发生率为68.49%; 229名医护人员存在睡眠不足,302名医护人员自觉睡眠欠佳。医护人员为女性、由区县医疗机构派出、睡眠质量差、睡眠质量欠 佳者更易发生心理应激,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 重庆援鄂医护人员心理应激症状发生率较高,性别、派出机构地 域、睡眠质量与之相关,应针对相关因素对医护人员尽早进行相应心理干预。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of Bcl-2 and Bax in the oral mucosa tissues during the process of oral mucosa cancerization. Methods: 35 cases of oral submucous fibrosis and 15 cases of oral cancerization were randomly selected from the Department of stomatology in our hospital, and 15 cases of health persons were set as control group. TUNEL method was used to estimate the apoptotic index (Al). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the oral mucosa tissues. Results: (1)The AI of cancer group and late OSF group were both significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the AI of cancer group was higher than that of late OSF group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the control group and early and middle OSF group (P<0.05). (2)The Bcl-2 protein expression of cancerated OSF group was significantly higher than those of the control group and early and middle OSF group (P<0.05), the Bcl-2 protein expression of late OSF group was significantly higher than that cancerated OSF group (P0.05), the Bax protein expression of cancerated OSF group cancerated OSF group cancerated OSF group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were both gradually upregulated during the process of oral mucosa cancerization, which could play an important role in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of excision and repair of cross-complementary gene (ERCC1) and vimentin (Vimentin) and clinicopathological features and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methods: 83 patients with ovarian cancer who were admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2015 to February 2016 were selected as the study subjects. The samples of ovarian cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues to cancer were collected from each patient. The positive rates and expression levels of ERCC1 and Vimentin were detected by immunohistochemical SP method. The relationship between ERCC1, Vimentin and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer were analyzed, and unified surgical treatment was carried out for the patients. The prognosis of patients with ERCC1, Vimentin expression group and negative expression group were analyzed.Results: The positive rates of ERCC1 and Vimentin in ovarian cancer tissues were 54.22% (45/83) and 69.88% (58/83), respectively, which were higher than those in normal tissues adjacent to ovarian cancer tissues 9.64% (8/83) and 20.48% (17/83), with significant difference between groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of ERCC1 and Vimentin in ovarian cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). The positive expression rates of ERCC1 and Vimentin were not related to the age, focus diameter and pathological type of ovarian cancer, but they were related to the clinical stage, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer. The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of ERCC1 and Vimentin positive expression group were shorter than those of ERCC1 and Vimentin negative expression group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The expression levels of ERCC1 and Vimentin are related to the stage, differentiation and lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer, and they play an important role in the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. ERCC1 and Vimentin may be used as prognostic indicators for ovarian cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has an important impact on the atmospheric environment, climate and human health．It has become clear that aqueous chemical processes occurring in cloud droplets and wet atmospheric particles are an important source of SOA. Reactions of glyoxal and ammonium sulfate (AS) in bulk solution and aerosol water can irreversibly formation of light absorbing organic nitrogen compounds. The generation of nitrogen-containing organics, for example, imidazoles are of particular interest because this reaction is not photochemically induced and therefore can occur in the dark, has the potential to form light-absorbing “brown carbon” products that can directly impact radiative forcing. However, due to the low yield of imidazoles in the aqueous phase reaction, it is very difficult to identify and analyze the products. Most of the existing results are obtained based on solution systems using off-line methods. The importance of these reactions in the atmosphere, especially the surface of atmospheric aerosols, needs further research. In this study, the mass spectra of seven imidazole samples (imidazole, imidazole-2-carbaldehyde, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 1-ethylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 1-n-butylimidazole) were analyzed by aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (AL-TOF MS) and thermal desorption/tunable vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer (TD-VUV-TOF-PIA MS) based on synchrotron radiation source. A series of solutions of imidazoles were prepared using purified water or ethanol. Each solution was atomized by compressed air using a TSI constant output atomizer, the droplets output from the atomizer were passed through a diffusion dryer, then introduced into the mass spectrometer. AL-TOF MS used a 266 nm pulsed laser as the ionization source, which provided both positive and negative mass spectra, more than 200 particles mass spectra were used to obtain an average MS for each solution. The main advantages of TD-VUV-TOF-PIA MS areits tuneability of synchrotron photoionization photon energy and “soft ionization”, which minimise molecular fragmentation. The energy range used in this research was 8-12 eV. The two complementary techniques had a different ionization mechanism and would favour the formation of different ions. The aim of these works was to identify tracer ions for glyoxal and ammonium sulfate aqueous phase reaction. Fingerprint spectra of each sample in two different ionization modes were obtained. AL-TOF MS mainly obtained the fragment peaks information of these samples, and the other mainly obtained the mass spectrum containing the intact parent peak. The mass spectrum of the above mentioned standard sample was used to identify the secondary organic aerosol sprayed by the glyoxal-ammonium sulfate solution. Through the combination of AL-TOF MS characteristic peaks of the imidazole samples, it can be identified that the imidazoles are formed by the reaction of glyoxal and ammonium sulfate in the aqueous phase aerosol. The mass spectrometric characteristics of the imidazole samples obtained by TD-VUV-TOF-PIAMS under different photon energies confirmed that the imidazole species produced by the above aqueous phase reaction contained imidazole and imidazole-2-formaldehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the performance of particle swarm optimization, this paper proposed a hybrid algorithm based on simplex search and particle swarm optimization. On the one hand, the algorithm adaptively determined the inertia weight, cognition and social parameters for the purpose of avoiding parameters. On the other hand, it used the simplex search to guide the direction of several particles, thus accelerated the convergence of the algorithm. The results of numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the compared algorithms in terms of function evaluations and accuracy . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humic-like substances(HULIS)aerosol is an important part of fine particles(PM2.5). HULIS may affect aerosol properties, such as their ability to nucleate cloud droplets, or their light absorption, directly or indirectly affect the global climate change. In light of the interest that this class of atmospheric compounds currently attracts, the property of HULIS(Pahokee Peat Fulvic Acid, PPFA; Suwannee River Humic Acid II, SRHA II; Suwannee River Fulvic Acid I, SRFAⅠ; Suwannee River Fulvic Acid II, SRFA II)was comprehensively reviewed. By using the method of thermo-optical analysis, the real-time change of total organic carbon concentration in HULIS particles was studied by controlling the reaction conditions, so as to determine the carbon content and analyze the carbon content for water-soluble humic aerosol. This research will lay the basis for the detection and experiment of atmospheric pollution, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of aerosol pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol mass spectrometer as a powerful and on-line device has been widely utilized to probe the chemical composition of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Several kinds of interfaces to transfer particles from air into vacuum have been employed in aerosol mass spectrometers. Among them capillary was developed as an interface to deliver large particles with a limited size distribution before. We proposed here to use capillary as a sampling interface for nano-aerosol mass spectrometer and the penetration efficiency of nano-particles in capillary was investigated and presented. A home-made reactor was employed to generate nano-particles through X-ray ion-induced nucleation of gaseous mixture. The size distributions of the nano-particles at the inlet and the outlet of capillaries were measured, respectively, by using a commercial nanometer scanning mobility particle sizer (Nano-SMPS) and then the penetration efficiency was obtained. The size distribution of the particles generated from ion-induced nucleation was measured to be around 3-20 nm, where the lower detection limit was limited by the commercial Nano-SMPS. The penetration efficiency was dependent on the length and the inner diameter of capillary, in particular for the nano-particles with size of less than 10 nm due to the influences of Boltzmann diffusion et al. The penetration efficiency would decrease with the length and the bore size of the capillary as the particle diameter was less than 10 nm. The dependence of the penetration efficiency on the length and the bore size of capillary becomes insignificantly as the particle diameter is close to 20 nm. In addition, the penetration efficiency can be benefited from a large flow rate with a short transmission time in capillary. Then the penetration efficiency of the nano-particles in the capillaries was theoretically calculated by the aerosol transport and deposition model. The results showed that the obtained theoretical data could be comparable with the experimental results and their discrepancies were also discussed. As a representative example, a laser-based photoionization aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOF-MS) combined with the capillary interface was utilized to probe the chemical components of nano-particles and the initial results have also been presented in the article. These results have demonstrated that the capillary can be used as the sample interface of nano-aerosol mass spectrometer to deliver nano-particles. Also, on the basis of these results, it is of very interest to study the formation and evolution of atmospheric fine particles below 100 nm by nano-aerosol mass spectrometer in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma （HNSCC） is one of frequent cancers woddwide. Despite advances in treatment within the last decades, the five-year survival rate of HNSCC remains at 50 %. Biomarkers are synthesized or released by tumour cells and sometimes are released by host responding to aunour. These biomarkers could be useful to molecular diagnose, prognosis and predicting effect. Biomarkers are categorized as diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive. In this article, established and emerging biomarkers that have been recently identified as prognostic value in HNSCC are reviewed. Established biomarkers include EBV and HPV. Up to date, a large number of biomarker candidates have been already studied and the results are promising. The emerging biomarkers in this review are categorized as cell cycle regulation, transcription factors and signal transduction. This review presents the most updated information on molecular biomarkers with the greatest prognostic potential in HNSCC and discusses some factors which contribute to the controversy concerning their prognostic importance. Molecular and cellular biology in HNSCC continually lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers and potential targets. Development from prognostic to predictive biomarker is the goal of delivering individualized cancer therapy. Taking reliable biomarkers as therapy targets will improve HNSCC patient outcome and achieve cancer precise treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the clinical effect of open reduction and plate internal fixation and external fixation treatment on unstable distal radius fractures, so as to provide reference for the choice of clinical treatment. Methods: A total of 102 patients with unstable distal radius fractures, who were treated in department of orthopedics in Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2014 to January 2016, were selected and divided into internal fixation group (n=52) and external fixation group (n=50) according to different treatment methods. The patients in the internal fixation group were treated with open reduction and plate internal fixation, while the patients in the external fixation group were treated with external fixation. The joint surface steps, palm angle and ulnar angle of the two groups 3 months and 1 year after surgery were measured by iconography, and the wrist function was measured simultaneously. After a year of follow-up, the efficacy of the two groups were compared, and the complications were observed. Results: Three months and 1 year after surgery, the joint surface steps, palmangle and ulnar angle of patients in the internal fixation group were better than those in the external fixation group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). 3 months after surgery, the pronation and supination activity, flexion and extension activity, radial ulnar deviation activity, pinch strength and grip strength of patients in the internal fixation group were significantly better than those in the external fixation group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in those indexes be- tween the two groups 1 year after surgery (P>0.05). The effective rate was 86.54%in the internal fixation group and 86.00%in the external fixation group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The complication rate was 15.38% in the internal fixation group and 18.00%in the external fixation group,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the external fixation, the open reduction and plate internal fixation has a better effect on the recovery of joint surface step, palm angle and ul- nar deviation angle, and the patients also can perform wrist exercises as early as possible, and the short-term curative effect is more obvi- ous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor(IGF-1R) expression with the efficacy of capecitabine/ oxaliplatin(XELOX) for advanced gastric cancer. Methods: 56 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were treated with XELOX as first line therapy were enrolled in the present study, and the clinical data and pathological samples were collected.The expression of IGF-1R was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The objective response rate(ORR) and disease response rate(DCR) were calculated. The correlation of IGF-1R expression, clinical data, therapeutic efficacy, clinical benefit response and adverse reactions were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of IGF-1R in the total 56 patients was 69.6%, and the positive rate was significantly higher in patients with un-differentiated/ poorly-differentiated cancer than that with middle to highly differentiated gastric cancer(P<0.05). Total ORR and DCR were 28.6% and 55.3%, respectively. ORR and DCR of patients with positive IGF-1R were significantly lower than that of patients with negative IGF-1R expression(ORR: 23.1% vs. 41.1%, DCR: 48.7% vs. 70.5%, P<0.05). The clinical benefit response rate was also remarkably decreased in IGF-1R positive patients(51.3% vs. 70.6%,P <0.05). No significant correlation was detected between IGF-1R expression and the incidence of XELOX regimen induced adverse reactions. Conclusions: Patients with negative IGF-1R might benefit more from XELOX therapy, and IGF-1R expression might become a novel predictor of the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of advanced gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]