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Laser additive manufacturing is regarded as a new green creation method. It is a technology that is grounded in the principles of laser deposition technology, such as laser cladding and laser cladding welding, and is utilized for achieving the restoration of geometry or comprehensive performance in damaged parts of various components. The current status of additive manufacturing technology both domestically and internationally was specified. Additionally, a detailed introduction was provided regarding the process types of laser additive manufacturing and its applications across various industries. Finally, an outlook on the development trend of laser additive manufacturing technology was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has attained lots of achievements in maintaining its food security in the past two decades. However, the food security system of China is still faced with great challenges and has its typical vulnerability characteristics. From the perspective of food security system, using the VSD (vulnerability acoping siagram) analysis framework, the evaluation index system of food security vulnerability in China was constructed in three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Based on the statistical data in China from 1991 to 2015, we used the method of principal component analysis to examine the changing characteristics of exposure index, sensitivity index and adaptive capacity index, and revealed the overall trend of food security system vulnerability and its driving factors. The results showed that: (1) The development of exposure index can be divided into rapid decrease stage (1991-2000) and slow decrease stage (2001-2015), and its annual average decline value is 0.121; the development of sensitivity index can be divided into rapid increase stage (1991- 2003) and relatively steady stage (2004- 2015), while the adaptive capacity index shows a continuous increasing trend during the period of 1991 to 2015, and its annual average increase value is 0.117. (2) The index of food security system vulnerability in China is overall on the decrease, which means that the state of food security in China has been greatly improved. And the changing process of the food security system vulnerability can be divided into three stages of 1991- 1999, 2000- 2003 and 2003- 2015, the first and second stages happened in the age of lower food security level of merely eradicating hunger, and the second decrease stage was in the age of higher food security level of eating more diversified food. (3) The four factors which induced to the change of food security vulnerability in China are per capita GDP, urbanization rate, annual per capita disposable income of urban households (ACDIUH), and annual per capita disposable income of rural households (ACDIRH). In the second stage (2000- 2015), the driving effect of the four factors was much smaller than that of the first stage (1991-1999), and the leading driving factor in the first stage was ACDIRH, while in the second stage, the leading driving factors were per capita GDP and ACDIUH. At last, some suggestions are proposed to lower China's food security vulnerability, such as to promote economic growth, increase urban and rural residents' income to eradicate poverty and propel new urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber and its composites are widely used as structural materials due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, the chemical inertness of carbon fibers restricts their further application. In this paper, we implemented that the modification of carbon fiber via coating aramid nanofibers based on pre-treatment of carbon fiber surface by dopamine. At the same time, the effects of modified fibers on the properties of paper-based materials were investigated. It was found that pre-treatment of carbon fiber contributed to the cationization of the surface of carbon fiber, and further assisted the coating of aramid nanofiber by electrostatic adsorption. The surface morphology, chemical composition, hydrophilic property and mechanical properties of carbon fiber paper-based material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), contact angle tester and tension tester. The results showed that the best coating effect on carbon fiber was achieved when the concentration of aramid nanofiber is 0.2% the best deposition effect when the 0.2% concentration of nano aramid fiber. The carbon fiber paper-based material modified by aramid nanofiber has good hydrophobic properties(CA=112.4°C) and mechanical properties(6.74 MPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the quality of image enhancement, a dynamic cloud model encoding algorithm was proposed. First, Gaussian cloud generator was produced to model cloud droplets. Second, cloud model domain was encoded with diversity and importance, and image pixel gray value was mapped the cloud model of cloud droplets, including the space position and the decision variables and dynamic adjustment of control parameters. Last, image pixel background region and the target character were distinguished , the process was given. Experimental simulation shows that dynamic cloud model encoding enhancement is clear, time is less, index is better than other algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal husbandry greenhouse gas emissions account for 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions of all human activities, and have become one of the most important contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions increase. Using life cycle assessment (LCA) method, animal husbandry carbon emissions in the 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China from 2000 to 2014 have been comprehensively measured. Based on logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method, the changes of animal husbandry carbon emissions were decomposed into the contributions from 5 factors, including animal husbandry production efficiency, agricultural structure adjustment, agricultural productivity gains per agricultural labor, urbanization and total population growth. Using the data of animal husbandry carbon emissions measured by LCA, the driving effects of the 5 factors on animal husbandry carbon emissions change were measured from the spatial and temporal perspective. The results showed: 1) Total amount of animal husbandry carbon emissions in China increased from 137.423 million tons to 150.563 million tons from 2000 to 2014, and its average annual growth rate was 0.654%, of which the carbon emissions from gastrointestinal fermentation of livestock and manure management systems were the 2 key sources, accounting for 65.58%- 73.23% of the total amount of animal husbandry carbon emissions. 2) No matter from spatial or temporal perspective, animal husbandry production efficiency improvement was the most important factor to restrain the sustained growth of the animal husbandry carbon emissions; the increase of agricultural productivity gains per agricultural labor was the most important factor to promote the sustained growth of the animal husbandry carbon emissions, which was particularly outstanding in prairie pasturing areas and pasturing areas in major grain producing areas, however, the effect of the increase of agricultural productivity gains per agricultural labor on animal husbandry carbon emission growth was limited in developed areas. Population growth was another important factor to promote the growth of the animal husbandry carbon emissions, especially to the developed areas with massive population influx and the ethnic minority areas in most western part of China. 3) The increase of urbanization level ranked the second to restrain animal husbandry carbon emissions from 2000 to 2014, while the effect of agricultural structure adjustment on animal husbandry carbon emissions changed from positive to negative, and this characteristic was particularly obvious in eastern-central China with higher animal husbandry efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluctuation of coal-bed methane source parameters in coal mine is very volatile. In order to solve the negative influence of this fluctuation for coal-bed methane liquefaction device, relying on cryogenic liquefaction pilot plant for low concentration coal-bed methane, using the running test of cold box system, this paper theoretically studied the effects in the variation of raw material gas flux and methane concentration to device performance,noting that the recovery rate of methane in LNG product is more sensitive to the raw material gas flux and methane concentration, but the change of raw material gas parameters has little effect on the purity of LNG product. In the design, for the adaptability to the change of raw material gas source,the following measures should be taken into account to ensure the normal operation of the liquefaction device：the refrigerant leakage should be minimized in a mixed refrigerant cycle system；the mixed refrigerant filling system should be perfected to improve the degree of automation and designers should reduce the correlation between the top and bottom temperature regulation of distillation tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The identification method of paddy rice on a regional scale was investigated using the Chinese time series HJ-CCD images with shorter revisiting period, and the spatial-temporal planting characteristics were identified in Yuanjiang City, Hunan Province. [Methods] Based on the particular feature of transplanting and heading stages of rice compared with other crops, the spectral features derived from time series NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and reflectance images of early rice,middle rice and late rice in 2010 were firstly analyzed. Then,the coarse rice maps were obtained using the thresholds of NDVI difference images of heading and transplanting stages. Finally, the maps and a total of 18 vegetation indices of two growth stages calculated from the four original bands were layerstacked and input into the See 5.0 decision tree software to form an optimal classification rule set by training samples. Consequently,the fields of three type paddy rice were identified by the NLCD (national land cover dataset) mapping toolset. [Results] The spatial distribution and planting acreage of early rice and late rice were similar and they were primarily planted in the west northern plains of Dongting Lake in Yuanjiang City, while the acreage of middle rice was less and located in the northern part. The acreage of three type rice was 388.7, 6.3 and 358.3 khm2, where the relative errors were 12.1%, 16.7%, and -0.8%, respectively depending on the statistical yearbook. On the other hand, the overall classification accuracy reached 86%, 75% and 80% by referring to the GPS sample points. [Conclusions] The more precise paddy rice pixels can be obtained by time series remote sensing imagery of transplanting and heading stages of rice, which can provide good data support for further analyzing the planting features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important regulatory role in the development of a variety of tumors. However, the abnormal expression and biological function of circRNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of hsa_circ_0012779 on the biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: The expression of hsa_circ_0012779 in human immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE2, 5-8F, HNE1 and SUNE1 was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and transwell invasion assay were used to detect the effect of hsa_circ_0012779 on the proliferation and invasion ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The protein level of ELAV like protein 1 (ELAVL1) in NPC cells with hsa_circ_0012779 knockdown was detected by Western blot. The binding of hsa_ circ_0012779 and ELAVL1 was verified by RNA pull-down assay. Results: hsa_circ_0012779 was highly expressed in nasopharyngealcarcinoma tissues and cells. Knockdown hsa_circ_0012779 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. hsa_circ_0012779 bound to RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 to promote its expression and colocalization in cytoplasm. In the meanwhile, the effect of knockdown hsa_circ_0012779 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells could be reversed by the overexpression of ELAVL1. Conclusion: hsa_circ_0012779 promote the expression of ELAVL1 and thus promote the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and influence the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To finely simulate the rainfall runoff process in small and medium-sized watersheds, rational estimation of the spatial parameters of the distributed hydrological model is of great importance. Utilizing the new version of the Global Digital Soil Mapping System (SoilGrids), this study developed a scheme to obtain spatial parameters for the GridXin′anjiang Model (GXM). Sixteen selected flood events in the Chenhe watershed of Shaanxi Province from 2003 to 2012 were simulated using the GXM model, which were compared with those of the Xin′anjiang model (XAJ). The sensitivity of free water storage capacity and its spatial distribution characteristics were quantitatively analyzed in various flood phases. The results indicate that the GXM simulation reduced peak time error by approximately 0. 31 h, with high accuracy of peak discharge and runoff depth, and that dynamic spatial distribution of hydrological elements, such as soil moisture, can be reasonably simulated. Free water storage capacity significantly impacted the deterministic coefficients of flood rise, peak phases, and relative runoff volume error during flood rise, but insignificant influence on flood recession. Free water storage capacity in valley and ridge areas is greater than that in middle segments of slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct volume rendering is widely used in scientific visualization. The transfer function largely determines the effect of rendering results. Explosion data is large-scale complex time-varying volume data. The value range and distribution of its pressure field will change drastically with time. In order to realize continuous tracking of shock wave propagation characteristics, this paper proposed an automatic transfer function design method based on scalar-temporal gradient (STG) 2D space. Combined with the physical laws in the explosion process, the method divided the STG space into multiple states and summarized the transition laws between states. It encoded the propagation characteristics of shock waves with state transition chains (STCs) of a certain length, called time-varying features. The color assignment in the transfer function took time-varying features as the basic unit, which was done automatically through a complete state transition chain. The opacity in the transfer function used a piecewise non-linear curve based on the pressure change rate, highlighting the characteristics of severe pressure changes. The paper selected two typical large-scale explosion scenarios to verify the method. The rendering results all contain a wealth of clearly distinguishable shock wave propagation characteristics. The results showed that the generated transfer function can stably and accurately capture the propagation characteristics of shock waves in the whole-time dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the risk factors of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)in postmenopausal osteoporosis(POP)patients. Methods Totally 364 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients were divided into the fracture group and non-fracture group according to whether vertebral compression fracture occurred. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of vertebral compression fracture in POP patients. Result Univariate analysis showed that age, height, bone density T value, ALP level, kyphosis deformity, Cobb angle of kyphosis and rural population were the influencing factors of OVCF in POP patients(all P<0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years, height ≤150 cm, ALP≥100 U/L, bone mass loss, and kyphosis deformity were the risk factors for OVCF in POP patients (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Venerable age, bone mass loss, height decline, ALP level increase and kyphosis deformity are the risk factors for OVCF in POP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the expression of Ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) in the tissues of patients with prostate cancer.and to evaluate the role of the protein in the grade malignancy. Methods: A total of 117 patients with prostate disease, who were treated in First People's Hospital of Guangyuan from December 2013 to December 2015, were selected and divided into prostatitis group (n=63) and prostate cancer group(n=54) according to pathological results; in addition. 80 healthy people who underwent physical examination at the same time were enrolled as normal control group. The expression of RPL6 in the prostate tissue of three groups was detected by Western-blot. Serum tumor markers were detected by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of mKNA expression of proliferation gene and invasion gene were tested by RT-PCR. The relationship between RPL6 expression and malignant degree was analyzed by Pearson test. Results: The levels of RPL6 expression of prostate tissues in the prostate cancer group were higher than those in the prostatitis group and normal control group (P<0.05). The serum contents of prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP). urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), and thioredoxin (TRX) in the prostate cancer group were higher than those in the prostatitis group and normal control group (P<0.05). The proliferation genes in the prostate tissues such as URG11 and PTEN mRNA in the prostate cancer group were higher than those in the prostatitis group and normal control group: PRDM5 mRNA expression in the prostate cancer group was lower than that in the prostatitis group and normal control group: the levels of invasion gene expression such as IgGHGl. TMPRSS2-ER. and PIK3C2B mRNA in the prostate cancer group were higher than those in the prostatitis group and normal control group (P<0.05). RPL6 expression in the tissues of prostate cancer patients was directly related to the content of tumor markers, proliferation and invasion genes (P<0.05). Conclusion: High expression of RPL6 is a reliable index for early diagnosis of prostate cancer, and it is directly related to the degree of malignancy, which is expected to be an important tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Ejiao ( colla coni asini) on the imbalance of Thl7/Treg subsets in the lung tissues of mice with smoking-induced airway inflammation. Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, and Ejiao (colla corii asini) group (Ejiao group). Mice in the model group and Ejiao group were exposed to cigarette smoking. Mice in the model group were administered 0.2 mL PBS daily, mice in the Ejiao group were administered 0.2 mL Ejiao ( colla corii asini) solution (0.2g/ml) daily, and mice in the control group were fed normally. Twenty-four weeks later, the histopathological condition of lung in mice of each group was observed. The proportion of helper T cell 17 subsets (Thl7) and regulatory T cell subsets (Treg) in the lung tissues were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-6. IL-17A, and Eoxp3 mRNA in the lung tissues was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) , and the serum levels of IL-6, IL-17A, and Eoxp3 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the control group, the lung tissues of mice in the model group were infiltrated with large number of inflammatory cells, alveoli ruptured and fused, the proportion of Thl7 cells and Treg cells in the lung tissue increased, and the levels of IL-17A, IL-6, Eoxp3 in the serum, and IL-17A, Eoxp3, and IL-6 mRNA in the lung tissues increased (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, the inflammation of the lung tissues of mice in the Ejiao group wras significantly improved, the proportion of Thl7 cells and Treg cells in the lung tissues decreased, and the levels of serum IL-17A, IL-6. and Eoxp3, and IL-17A, Eoxp3, and IL-mRNA in the lung tissues decreased (all P <0.05). Conclusions Smoke can induce the increased proportion of Thl7 and Treg subsets and up-regulate the expression of 1L-6 . IL-17A, and Foxp3 cytokines in the lung tissues of mice with airway inflammation. Ejiao (colla corii asini) can reduce the lung inflammation in mice by reducing the proportion of Thl7 and Treg subsets and expression of IL-6 and IL-17A, and Foxp3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The river network flow concentration parameter Cs of the Xin'anjiang model is mainly controlled by topological and geomorphological characteristics of the river network. In order to address the issues of Predictions in Ungauged Basins (PUB), we developed a physically based method to estimate the values of Cs in ungauged basins from the numerical solutions of the partial differential equations with proper definite solution conditions, which describe the dynamic changes of flow concentration processes of the river network. This method can be easily applied to the ungauged basins. To evaluate the robustness and effectiveness of this method, we applied it to derive the Cs values of the Xin'anjiang model and calibrated the Cs parameter directly in 25 humid and semi-humid basins in China. The results show that both derived and calibrated values were comparable to each other in general. Regardless of whether the catchment was divided into sub-catchments, the proposed estimation method was applicable. Although the model simulations using the estimated Cs values were slightly poorer than those using calibrated Cs values, these simulations were within the range of acceptable errors and satisfied the flood forecasting standard. Additionally, using the estimated Cs and recalibrating the other parameters further improved the accuracy of resultant simulations. By adopting this method, the Cs value can be obtained in the ungauged basins and makes it easier to apply the Xin'anjiang model in the ungauged basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ　Ｔｏ ｏｂｓｅｒｖｅ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｏｆ Ｙｕｐｉｎｇｆｅｎｇ ｐｏｗｄｅｒ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｌｕｎｇ-ｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔ ｉｎｎａｔｅ ｌｙｍｐｈｏｉｄ ｃｅｌｌ ｓｕｂｓｅｔｓ （ＩＬＣｓ）ｉｎ ｍｉｃｅ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｒｍｉａ． Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ　Ｔｗｅｎｔｙ-ｆｏｕｒ Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６ ｍｉｃｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｒａｎｄｏｍｌｙ ｄｉｖｉｄｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｏ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｇｒｏｕｐｓ：ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ｔｈｅ ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｒｍｉａ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｏｆ Ｙｕｐｉｎｇｆｅｎｇ ｐｏｗｄｅｒ （ＹＰＦ ｇｒｏｕｐ）． Ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｅｒｅ ｎｏｔ ｇｉｖｅｎ ａｎｙ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ． Ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｒｍｉａ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ ａｎｄ ＹＰＦ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｅｒｅ ｂｏｔｈ ｅｘｐｏｓｅｄ ｔｏ ａ ｃｏｌｄ ｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ （１０℃ ±１℃ ）ｉｎ ａ ｃｒｙｏｇｅｎｉｃ ｖｅｓｓｅｌ，３ ｈ／ ｄ，ｆｏｒ ３ ｄａｙｓ． Ｔｈｅ ｍｉｃｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ＹＰＦ ｇｒｏｕｐ ｗｅｒｅ ｇｉｖｅｎ ＹＰＦ ｏｎ ｄａｙ ７ ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｃｏｌｄ ｅｘｐｏｓｕｒｅ ｕｎｔｉｌ ｔｈｅ ｅｎｄ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ． ＩＬＣｓ，ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｔｈｒｅｅ ｓｕｂｓｅｔｓ （ＩＬＣ１，ＩＬＣ２，ａｎｄ ＩＬＣ３）ｉｎ ｌｕｎｇ ｌｙｍｐｈｏｃｙｔｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｆｌｏｗ ｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙ． Ｔｈｅ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＩＦＮγ，ＩＬ-１３，ａｎｄ ＩＬ-１７Ａ ｗａｓ ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ ｂｙ ＲＴ-ＰＣＲ． Ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　Ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ＩＬＣｓ，ＩＬＣ１，ＩＬＣ２，ａｎｄ ＩＬＣ３ ｗｅｒｅ ｌｏｗｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｒｍｉａ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ （ａｌｌ Ｐ ＜ ０．０５）ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｍＲＮＡ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＩＦＮγ，ＩＬ-１３，ａｎｄ ＩＬ-１７Ａ （ａｌｌ Ｐ ＜ ０． ０１）． Ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｒｍｉａ ｍｏｄｅｌ ｇｒｏｕｐ，ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｓ ｏｆ ＩＬＣｓ，ＩＬＣ１，ＩＬＣ２，ａｎｄ ＩＬＣ３ ｗｅｒｅ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ＹＰＦ ｇｒｏｕｐ （ａｌｌ Ｐ ＜０．０５），ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｍＲＮＡ ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ｏｆ ＩＦＮγ，ＩＬ-１３，ａｎｄ ＩＬ-１７Ａ （ａｌｌ Ｐ ＜０．０５）． Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓ　Ｙｕｐｉｎｇｆｅｎｇ ｐｏｗｄｅｒ ｍａｙ ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｙ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｆ ｈｙｐｏｔｈｅｒｍｉａ ｏｎ ＩＬＣｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ｉｎ ｌｕｎｇ ｔｉｓｓｕｅｓ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]