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Objective To explore the risk factors of postpartum anxiety in women undergoing cesarean section after the full implementation of the policy that a couple can have two children. Methods 154 women who underwent elective cesarean section were selected as the research subjects. One day before and after surgery, Clinical data were collected on the 2nd day after surgery and 6 weeks after surgery. The mothers were evaluated with the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) on the 1st day before surgery and 6 weeks after surgery. Maternal women were divided into anxiety group and normal group based on Zhou's SAS score. The relevant data of the two groups were statistically analyzed to analyze the risk factors of anxiety disorder. Results: Pain during activity 24 hours after surgery, time to get out of bed for the first time after surgery, removal of urinary catheter Time, days of hospitalization, and maternal overall dissatisfaction with the postpartum recovery period (confinement period) are related to postpartum anxiety, and the differences are statistically significant (P<0.05). Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that overall maternal dissatisfaction with the confinement period ( OR=7.741, 95%CI: 3.612～16.591, P<0.001) is an independent risk factor for anxiety disorder in women with cesarean section 6 weeks after delivery. Conclusion: The incidence of anxiety disorder in women with cesarean section is higher 6 weeks after delivery. Satisfaction during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of postpartum anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]