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To meet global demand, pesticides play a very important role in the control of pests that damage agricultural products. However, overuse of pesticides threatens both ecosystems and human health. In recent years, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary chromatography (CCH), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been used to determination of pesticides. Although these methods have high specificity, selectivity and sensitivity for detection of pesticides, they also have some shortcomings, for example, expensive instrument, sample prepared process is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, electrochemical sensors and biosensor have become good analytical methods for the detection of pesticides due to their many advantages such as simple manufacturing process of the detection system, high sensitivity and selectivity. In this paper describes the latest results used for in situ detection of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables obtained in the fields of cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the development of electrochemical methods and real-time smartphone monitoring techniques and their integration with detection platforms are discussed. For readers with a scientific and technological focus, this article will provide additional valuable information for understanding the creation of portable electrochemical devices, rapid detection of pesticides, the role of electrochemical sensitive methods and contributing to their further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the interaction of phenyl (benzyl) substituted cyclopropylcarbinols with epichlorohydrin, the glycidyloxymethyl substituted phenyl(benzyl)cyclopropanes, used as active diluents of epoxide resin ED-20, were synthesized. It found that the addition of the obtained epoxy compounds to the epoxide resin decreases the viscosity of the resin and increases the lifetime of the compositions. The high degree of curing (96-98%) indicates the participation of the synthesized epoxycyclopropanes in the cross-linking processes. Some physical-mechanical characteristics of compounds made with the participation of the synthesized epoxycyclopropanes were established. The improvement of strength and heat-physical parameters of cured compositions in comparison with compositions made without diluents was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, sorbents based on natural zeolite (Z) and chamotte clay (ChC) treated with NaCl and HNO3 solutions were obtained to extract Na+ and K+ ions from saline water. The physicochemical characteristics of the obtained sorbents were studied by SEM, EDAX, and BET methods. It was found that successive treatment with NaCl and HNO3 solutions has a positive effect on the sorption properties of the studied materials. The maximum increase in the specific surface area from 4.5 m² /g to 39.3 m² /g is observed for acid-treated Z, and the specific surface area of ChC also increases almost 2-fold from 8.4 m2 /g to 15.3 m2 /g. Na+ and K+ ions are extracted from water due to ion exchange with Z and ChC cations. As a result of determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the studied sorbents, it was found that treatment with a NaCl solution improves the ion exchange properties of the sorbent and leads to the formation of a “homoionic” form of aluminosilicates. Due to that the sorbents more easily enter ion exchange reactions. The authors established the sorption activity of the obtained materials based on natural Z and ChC with respect to Na+ and K+ cations. The maximum recovery rate is 28.45% for Na+ ions with the ChC-Na-H sorbent and 76.28% for K+ ions with the ChC-Na sorbent. Among Z-based sorbents, the most effective forms are Z-Na-H (15.44% Na+ recovery) and Z-Na (60.47% K+ recovery). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Alkyd resins are used in various industries. Useful properties of products are determined by the composition and structure of alkyd resins. In this regard, the study of the conditions for the synthesis of alkyd resins from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (HPET) and their alcoholysis products is relevant. Purpose: To study the conditions for the synthesis of alkyd resins based on VPET and their physicochemical and technological properties. Methodology: Acid number was determined according to GOST 25210-82; viscosity - GOST 8420-74, drying time - GOST 19007-73, dry residue - GOST 31939-2012 (ISO 3251:2008), iodometric scale - GOST 19266-79, hardness - GOST 5233-89, bending strength - GOST R 52740-2007. Originality: The possibility of synthesizing modified alkyd resins based on VPET, which are not inferior to industrial analogues in terms of physicochemical and technological properties, is shown. Findings: Conditions for the synthesis of modified alkyd resins based on VPET were revealed. It is shown that with an increase in the amount of VPET to 10%, the incompatibility of the PF-060 resin with VPET is observed. It has been determined that with an increase in the amount of bishydroxyethylene terephthalate (BGTP), the viscosity and number average molecular weight decrease. It was found that an increase in the amount of HPET in the formulation above the optimum leads to partial turbidity of the reaction mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backround. Prerequisites for the problem. The trend towards the consumption of fuel from oil and gas production is growing every year, as is the production of a by-product, sulfur. Sulfur cements are of interest. The development of modified sulfur concrete and products based on them is underway, their environmental safety is important. Purpose: development of resource-saving technologies for obtaining modified sulfur based on a byproduct of petrochemicals using a modifying additive - calcium diamidophosphate. Methodology. Methods of organic synthesis, deformation-strength and thermomechanical analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction were used. Originality. The optimal conditions for the synthesis and modification of sulfur in the composition of the by-product, calcium diamidophosphate, have been determined. Findings. In the temperature range 150-230 ° C, DAPA dehydration is possible in the form of low molecular weight compounds with sulfur. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using DAFK as a complex modifying additive in the production of sulfur concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Вackground. Currently, industrial enterprises of the republic accumulate a huge amount of waste water, but their purification and return to the system is urgent. However, cleaning them is multi-step and time consuming. Purpose. Assessment of the possibility of treating waste water from metallurgy with waste from the production of sucrose. Methodology. Comparative study of colloidal-chemical parameters of the obtained samples of thermolysis defecate using standard methods of analysis. Originality. It has been established that the main pollutants are substances entering wastewater from metal processing operations, as well as heavy metal ions. The investigated effluents had high concentrations of dissolved salts and suspended solids. Laboratory tests of experimental samples of thermally processed defect in waste water have been carried out. It has been established that the thermal processed defecate is effective for the purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions. The consumption of thermally modified defecate was 2%, while the degree of wastewater treatment from heavy metals was at least 90% for Be, Al, Mn, As, Mo, U, Zh, Th ions, 70% for Ni, Se, Sr, Pb ions, 40% for ions Cu, Cr, Co. Findings.It was established that thermolysis of defecate up to 650 °С increases its adsorption properties, due to which it became possible to return valuable components from waste water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic activities of synthetic mordenite (SiO2/Al2O3=18) catalysts modified with metal cations (Pd2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Nd3+) calcinated in different air stream conditions in the temperature range of 300-420°C, at v=3,1 hour-1, H2:CH=3:1 were studied in disproportionation reaction of toluene to benzene and xylenes. It found that mordenite zeolite catalyst modified by Pd2+, and cations are more active than the catalysts containing Ni2+, Co2+, Nd3+. It revealed that samples activated in terms of dry and humid conditions are characterized by fullest activity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. As you know, reagent methods for removing heavy metal ions from wastewater lead to the formation of difficult to dispose of sludge. When solving these problems, the use of natural sorbent minerals prevents the formation of additional sludge and is economically profitable as well as environmentally sound. Purification of wastewater from ions of iron, manganese, copper and cadmium, using natural minerals, gives good results, and to increase the efficiency of the process, enrichment and activation of natural sorbent minerals will be required. Purpose is the enrichment and activation of natural glauconite mineral for purification and softening of wastewater containing some heavy metal ions by the sorption method. Methodology. Glauconite of the Parkent deposit was used as an object of research, which were enriched and modified. For enrichment, gravity methods and magnetic separation were used. During the experiments, model solutions containing ions of some heavy metals were also used. Originality. An increase in the sorption capacity by 1.7-2.0 times of a glauconite sample processed for 2 hours in 20% HCl and then for 1 hour in an 8% NaCl solution was determined. Findings. As a result of the research, a method for modifying Parkentglauconite has been developed. The technological conditions for enrichment and granulation of glauconite mineral without additional binders have been determined. A method of thermal activation and sequential chemical treatment in the acid-salt sequence have been developed, and the optimal concentrations of the components have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sorption and complex-forming properties of a modified sorbent based on a copolymer of maleic anhydride with methacrylic acid in regard to vanadium (V) were studied and main parameters of metal sorption determined. Sorbent containing fragments of N, N' – diphenyl – guanidine for the selective extraction of vanadium (V) from solutions were proposed. The sorbent was synthesized according to well-known methods. The optimal conditions for sorption were determined. The sorption was studied under static conditions. In the presented work, a main emphasis was laid on the study into the effect of pH of the medium, time, ionic strength, and metal concentration in a solution on the vanadium sorption. A maximum degree of vanadium extraction by the sorbent was achieved from pH 5 solutions. The influence of the ionic strength of the solution was studied by photometric method. Vanadium (V) was sorbed from solutions containing 0.1-1.4 M KCl. Results of the study showed that a significant decrease in metal sorption was observed in KCl solutions with a concentration of more than 0.6 M. Results of the analysis showed that the sorption equilibrium was achieved in 2 hours. As the concentration of vanadium in the solution increased, its sorption rose as well, and at a concentration of 8·10-3 M it reached maximum: static capacity = 253 mg/g. Also, we researched into possibilities available to determine the conditions for desorption of vanadium (V) with various mineral acids (HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3, HCl) after concentration on the proposed sorbent. Analysis results showed that vanadium (V) was quantitatively desorbed by 2 M HNO3. Multiple uses of the regenerated sorbent for concentration are possible. The degree of extraction of vanadium (V) under optimal conditions exceeded 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To form a network polymer structure of melamine-formaldehyde alkyd paints and varnishes (APV) oligomeric film formers modified with vegetable oils or their fatty acids, alkyd resins and varnishes, as well as materials based on amino formaldehyde resins plasticized with polyethers (alkyd resins) are used. The main disadvantage of APV is the long drying time in the air (it takes more than a day to dry one layer), unsatisfactory decorative and protective performance of coatings, their unstable resistance to atmospheric and environmental influences. Melamine alkyd APV can withstand longer and aggressive weathering, but the process of hardening occurs at high temperatures with significant energy consumption, the process is time consuming and unsuitable for modern technologies for assembling devices, machines, engineering structures in combination with different materials. The aim of our research was to improve existing APV based on amino formaldehyde resins and creating new film formers using oligomeric cyclic carbonates and oligomeric amines in order to improve the properties of materials. The modification of melamine-alkyd paints and varnishes with compounds contained high content of polar groups and capable to form chemical and physical bonds with active groups of functionalized plant oligomers is a promising way to improve the properties. A three-step method of synthesis urethane-containing modifier based on carbonized vegetable oil, aminoethyl piperazine, maleic anhydride and melamine alkyd resin was developed to obtain new polymer coatings. The synthesized modifier - amido urethane maleate based on vegetable oil is characterized by the presence of numerous active groups that interact with melamine alkyd resin K-421 and PF-060 to form a branched polymer structure that is stable during storage. Modified APV samples with 10% and 15% of oligoamidurethane maleate have been developed, which are characterized by enhanced physico-mechanical, adhesive and processing properties and can be recommended for practical application in various coating technologies. The structural features of the initial reagents and the obtained products were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of UV-C irradiation on the growth processes of the plant component of the bioplatо has been studied. A comparative study of the effectiveness of cleaning the aqueous medium from radiocaesium ions by sugar maize plants that were irradiated with UV-C in various doses has been carried out. The influence of the growing density of plants of planting peas on the degree of purification of the aqueous medium from 137Cs ions has been shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of methods of modification of polymeric textile materials to determine promising directions of obtaining new polymeric textile materials with specified properties. The analytical methods of researching the scientific problem of obtaining new polymeric textile materials with given properties of different types and methods of their chemical and physical modification are used in the article. Today, the main directions of updating and expanding the range of polymeric textile materials are not only obtaining new types of textile fibers and filaments, but their modification in various ways and methods. Therefore, the presented article analyzes the types of modification of polymeric textile materials and identifies promising ways of modifying them to obtain new materials with specified properties. One of the promising ways of modifying polymeric textile materials is the physical, and plasma technology of processing fibers and filaments. Of the plasma technologies and methods, the most effective is the method of application of low-temperature plasma, which allows without changing the chemical structure of the polymer fibers to achieve the predicted change in their properties. The analysis of the methods of modification of textile materials is carried out and the peculiarities of the change in their properties from the influence of various chemical and physical factors on them are determined. The main factors of influence of plasma technologies, changes in the structure and properties of polymeric textile fibrous materials are analyzed and the most promising of them are determined. It has been determined that the most effective, economical and environmentally friendly methods of physical modification of PTM polymers are electrophysical. Methods for the electrophysical modification of polymers of textile threads and fibers make it possible to provide their specific desired properties. Low-temperature plasma treatment of polymers does not affect their supramolecular structure and does not impair their other consumer properties; it can be carried out depending on the plasma parameters and the nature of the polymer fibers of the textile material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. As you know, methods for removing metal compounds from wastewater and spent technological solutions by reagent methods lead to the formation of difficult to utilize sludge in large volumes. When solving these problems, the use of electrochemical cleaning methods prevents the formation of additional slimes, which is economically viable and environmentally sound. Purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of electrochemical treatment of industrialwastewater contaminated with chromium (III) and chromium (VI) ions. Methodology. As an object of study, the spent solution and wastewater of the galvanic department of «MFS» OOS and modified bentonite were used for their preliminary purification before the electrolysis process. To determine the concentrations of chromium ions, instrumental methods of chemical analysis were used (KFK-3 spectrophotometer). Originality. At the expense of to the preliminary purification of chromate-containing wastewater from calcium and magnesium ions with modified bentonite, the current efficiency of the electrochemical process increased to 24.5%. Findings. A method for modifying Navbahor bentonite was developed The optimal conditions for increasing the yield of chrome at the electrochemical treatment of chromate-containing wastewater were determined by using modified bentonite for preliminary wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modification of chitosan with biocompatible synthetic polymers is important for the development of biodegradable medical materials with a tailor-made complex of properties. The issue of the influence of a polysaccharide macromolecule conformation on the synthesis and properties of the hybrid products remains acute. Conformational transitions of chitosan and their influence on the process of grafted polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone onto the polymer and the properties of their copolymers were studied. To interpret the peculiarities of chitosan solutions properties, their viscosity was identified by the method of rotational viscometry; conformational transitions of the polymer polysaccharides were investigated by the method of spectrophotometry; dimensional characteristics of the polymer particles were assessed by the method of dynamic light scattering. Copolymers were characterized by the methods of IR-spectroscopy and gelpenetrating chromatography. Helix-coil conformational transition of the chitosan macromolecule was pH and temperature-sensitive. The effective size of the chitosan macromolecules for helix conformation was 14-35% larger than for the coil conformation. The grafted copolymer yield (98%) was significantly higher in the solutions of chitosan, where its macromolecules were in the coil conformation. The obtained results allow the researchers to create optimal conditions during the development of the copolymer-based biomedical materials with improved characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Rational conditions for orientational drawing of PETg/PET polyester blend during processing into tape products are established Methodology. Tensile strength and elongation at break for all test specimens were determined according to ISO 527-2: 2012. Tensile modulus - ISO 527-1: 2019, specimen density - PN-EN ISO 1183-1, change of linear dimensions of specimens - ISO 16012: 2015. Findings. It was found that the introduction of PET into PETg leads to an increase in tensile strength of the blend, which is probably due to the process of orientational crystallization of PET. When the orientations are higher than 5.5 times in the PETg /PET mixtures, cavitation foaming occurs, which leads to a decrease in the blend density, its turbidity and a decrease in tensile strength. Blends with a high content of PETg have a significant thermal shrinkage, which should be taken into account when processing and applying these polymers. Originality. Physical and mechanical properties of PETg/PET polyesters blend with different ratio in the process of orientational stretching are established. The tensile strength increases with the increase drawing ratio for blends with high PET content due to its orientation crystallization. The phenomenon of cavitation foaming in polyester blend with draw ratio more than 5.5 times is found, which is accompanied by a decrease in the density of the samples and their tensile strength. Presence of PETg in PET matrix decrease tensile strength and elongation and significantly increase thermal shrinkage. Low elongation at break found for PETg/PET blend specimen without orientation which increases dramatically with low draw ratios and then decrease with higher drawing ratio. Practical value. The technological modes of realization of cavitation foaming for the PETg/PET mixture at orientation drawing ratio above 5.5 due to the different phase structure of the components of the mixtures have been established. The introduction of PETg into PET leads to a significant increase in thermal shrinkage and reduces the physical and mechanical performance of oriented products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the influence of the concentration of butyl rubber and vulcanizing agents on the process of reactive extrusion of elastoplastics based on a mixture of thermoplastic polyolefins. The mechanic-chemical synthesis of dynamically vulcanized elastoplastics was carried out in the process of reactive extrusions. Single screw extruder with ratio L / D = 24 consists of 4 zones: loading zone, compression zone, dosing zone, extruder head. The number of turnovers of the screw was regulated using an asynchronous engine. The head is equipped with a slotted console enabling to obtain continuous sheets 2 mm thick and 100 mm wide. As thermoplastic polyolefins there was used the polyethylene of low density, polypropylene. Vulcanization of polymer mixtures was carried out using the dicumyl peroxide and sulfur. The mechanochemical synthesis of elastoplastics was carried out at different temperatures of the zones of material cylinder and extrusion pressure. The results of the study of the influence of extrusion process parameters on the melt flow rate of elastoplastics were presented. For a mixture of polyethylene and butyl rubber of low density the optimum temperature for zones of the material cylinder varied within 100− 150 ° C, and the extrusion pressure was 5.2 − 7.0 MPa. For a mixture of polypropylene and butyl rubber the temperature regime varied within 140-210°С and pressure of extrusion -7.2-9.4 МPа. To add elastoplastic properties to the polymer mixtures, vulcanizing agents such as dicumyl peroxide and sulfur were introduced into their composition. Selective influence of vulcanizing agents on the nature of changes of technological parameters of reactive extrusion and melt flow index was investigated. It found that dynamic vulcanic elastoplastics with unique compatibility of structures and properties can be obtained in at concentrations of dicumyl peroxide − 0.5 wt.% or sulfur−5.0wt.%. It revealed that dynamic vulcanic elastoplastics with unique compatibility of structures and properties can be obtained in the concentration of dicumyl peroxide− 0.5 wt.% or sulfur− 5.0wt.%. It established that the concentration of butyl rubber in the mixture of LDPE+PP− 10, 20, 30, 40 wt.% softening temperature, according to thermo-mechanical tests, varies accordingly in the range of 125, 107, 89, 78 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modification of the cellulose triacetate compositions by the transesterification products of tris [tri (butoxy) titanoxy] borane of monocarboxylic stearic acid was carried out. It was shown that the used series of boron, titanium, stearatacyloxy-containing products oftransesterification of tris [tri (butoxy) titanoxy] - borane by stearic acid is an effective modifier of soluble TAC. This modification allows you to adjust the viscosity of the solution in a wide range and improves the physic o-mechani с al characteristics of the films obtainedfrom these solutions (the tensile strength of the films increases by 2,0-2,5 times). The most effective use of such compounds is provided when they are introduced in the amount of up to 0.1 wt% from the mass of the TAC. In this case, there is a process of crushing large supramolecular formations into smaller ones. Internal stresses in the polymer practically disappear, the relative hardness of the films and their tensile strength grow. The obtained results may be especially valuable in the recycling of waste of TAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the concentration of butadiene-nitrile-rubber and technological regime of injection moulding on the complex of main properties of elastoplasts based on thermoplastic polyolefins - low-density polyethylene and polypropylene, was considered. The use of dicumyl peroxide as cross-linking agent made it possible to obtain, in the process of mechanochemical synthesis, dynamically vulcanized elastoplasts with improved physico-mechanical and technological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Research of structural characteristics of the alkyd resins and materials based; addition to structure alkyd resin diene/vinyl liquid rubbers and oligomers with various functional groups allows receiving polymeric materials of the various structural organization and the increase physicomechanical parameters. Methodology. A films modified polymeric alkyd materials have been characterized by methods of IRspectroscopy where devices Tensor-37 (Bruker, Germany). Findings. Have been received modified polymeric film-forming materials with high protective properties by interaction alkyd resin and synthesized oligomers. It is proved, that at presence in structure alkyd 3÷5 % diene/vinyl oligomers result in substantial increase of parameters of impact resistance, elasticity and adhesion to a metal surface. Originality. First established of interrelation of influence, it is proved, that at presence in structure alkyd 3÷5 % diene/vinyl oligomers result in substantial increase of parameters of impact resistance, elasticity and adhesion to a metal surface. Practical value. These materials can be recommended for using as protective coatings for energy and chemical equipment, autoindustries and the objects of domestic facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Получено привитые сополимеры, синтезированные на основе функционализированного сополимера этилена с винилацетатом и реакционноспособного олигомера льняного масла, которые были использованы в качестве матрицы при создании органо-полимерных нанокомпозитов, содержащих в качестве нанонаполнителя модифицированный монтмориллонит и углеродные нанотрубки. Для придания органофильных свойств и для лучшей совместимости органических и неорганических компонентов проведена модификация поверхности монтмориллонита. В качестве модификатора был использован диэтаноламин. Методом ИК-спектроскопии и рентгеноструктурного анализа было исследовано структуру модифицированного монтмориллонита. Результаты проведенных реологических и физикомеханических испытаний полученных нанокомпозитов показали, что наполненные полимерные нанокомпозиты демонстрируют лучшие свойства по сравнению с исходным сополимером. Установлено, что модифицированный монтмориллонит является активным наполнителем при создании наноструктурированных полимерных систем. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The purpose of the article was the modification of the urethane thickeners received from blockcopolyurethanes solutions that eliminates the phenomenon of thickener thickening in the shear flow and provides improving of its pseudoplastic properties. Methodology. The problem was solved by analyzing of existing ideas about the causes of appearance of shear thickening in disperse systems and features of chemical structure, properties of blockcopolyurethanes, including gels formed by them. The base of the experimental data has been obtained by rotational viscometry. Findings. The rheological curves of urethane thickeners and influence on its rheological behavior metals' salts, which capable to formation of coordination bonds, and additives of polymers another types as gels to urethane thickener. Originality. The mechanism of influence of metals ions and additives of polymers another types on urethane thickener, whereby the phenomenon of thickener shear thickening is excluded, has been described first. The mechanism of action of additives to urethane thickener is based on weakening or exclusion of possible interaction between urethane groups. Practical value. The proposed modification methods improve the urethane thickeners' pseudoplastic properties, which allows to use its in pigmented systems for printing, including printing at low shear rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors summarize current understanding of the role of casein in technological processes of milk processing, consider the physical-chemical, chemical and enzymatic casein modification methods, highlight the relationship between the methods of modification of casein and its functional and technological properties, consider the basic models of the structure of casein micelles, which made it possible to predict the possibility of its structural modifications to regulate functional and technological properties. The role of calcium in colloidal stability of milk is showed. It is noted that the addition of sequestrant (sodium alginate) in fat-free milk is enhances its colloidal stability and can be used to regulate its technological properties. A model of the technological system of fat-free milk with altered functional and technological properties by modifying the structure of the casein micelle is produced, which manifests itself in improving the hydrophilicity, capacity for dissociation, uniformity of the surface charge distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. The analysis of the existing researches of modification of natural fibrous fillers and results of systematic researches which are conducted by scientists of department of merchandizing, standardization and certification of the Kherson national technical university. Methods. For determination of content of cellulose used Vilshtetter-Shudl's method, the maintenance of a lignin determined by a iodometric method, and a lignin - hydrolytic - weight method. Results. As a result of increase of adhesion of a polymeric matrix to fiber of flax, received on a new way, received polymeric composite materials surpass in the quality composites on the basis of the imported cotton lint. Scientific innovation. Experimental samples of polymeric composite materials of high quality with a filler from fiber of flax olive which is received on a new way of chemical processing are for the first time received. The practical significance. Application of new physic-chemical methods of modification of a surface of linen fibers by means of their preliminary processing by chemical composite preparations will allow to replace import raw materials for receiving polymeric composite materials - cotton, with cheap domestic raw materials - fiber of flax olive. Also it will promote full and complex use of stalks of flax olive and will allow to increase employment of agricultural producers and workers of other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Развитие нефтехимической промышленности требует со- вершенствования способов использования побочных продуктов пиролиза. Показана возможность применения промышлен- ных отходов — тяжелой смолы пиролиза — как сырья для производства нефтеполимерных смол (НПС). Это способствует уменьшению негативного влияния на окружающую среду. Установлено влияние основных факторов на физико-химические характеристики процесса. Полученные НПС предложены как модификаторы битумов. Подтверждена эффективность указанных материалов и композиций на их основе при защите магистральных нефтегазопроводов. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesized hidden macrodiisocyanate (MDI) based on hydroxyl-containing oligodienes and blocking agent - p-hinondioksym. The evaluation of the thermal stability of hidden MDI by method thermogravimetrical analysis. The influence modifier - hidden MDI on the physico-mechanical characteristics and structural features of composite materials, obtained on the basis of dispersed rubber crumb and hydroxyl-containing copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate have been investigated. The effective concentration of a hidden MDI and its influence on mechanical and deformation characteristics polymer composites have been determined. Shows that the use of hidden MDI as a modifier to the mentioned above composite, leads to the improvement of their strength characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes several methods for solving urgent problems: obtaining the qualitative bituminous materials from unsuitable for recycling heavy oil processing residues. The work was carried out in three directions. The results of the study of the basic laws of oxidation of heavy oils processing residues showed that this method for obtaining the bitumen is failed. The basic laws of joint oxidation of tar from heavy Orkhovitsk oil with heavy pyrolysis resin and neutralized acid tar. It was shown that the method of co-oxidation of Orkhovitsk oil residue and 11-13 % masses of heavy pyrolysis resin at the temperature of 250 °С, air supply 2,5 h-1 during 6 hours allows obtaining the road bitumen of the grade BND 60/90 according to DSTU 4044-2001. The process of modification of residual bitumen derived from heavy Orkhovitsk oil by the Butonal latex and rubber crumb is described. It is established that the use of these modifiers makes it possible to improve the properties of bitumen obtained from heavy oils. The results, presented in this article, can be used in the development of industrial technology for obtaining the bitumen from heavy oil processing residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During research with the help of mathematical modeling methods have been developed elastomer compositions with optimum composition based on rubbers of general purpose containing shredded vulcanizate modified by nitrogen-containing compounds. Today, the trend of development of polymer materials science is to find efficient ways of using materials known by modifying their properties. The priority in the development of a modern economy is the solution of environmental problems; first of all assess the possibility of re-use of waste as a production of rubber products and bump rubber. As a result, it is identified a synergistic effect of influence of conforming modification on the level of rubber strength, parameters of influence of the physical and mechanical factors on the efficiency of the modification are obtained. It is defined an influence of the equipment type for the manufacture of rubber compounds with shredded vulcanizate. It is developed and tested a mathematical model of the modification process automation of shredded vulcanizate, received the practical confirmation of their performance. The urgency of research in this area is the ability to automate the process of modifying shredded vulcanizate and forecasting results of the use of secondary raw materials for high-quality performance of the final product. This allows to virtually avoiding long and resource-intensive process of experimentation and empirical tests. That, in turn, will reduce the cost of time, human and material resources in order to optimize the manufacturing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Study of colloid-chemical properties of the dispersions of the modified montmorillonite for tanning materials and the efficient formation of the structure of the dermis. Methodology. Modified montmorillonite dispersion was prepared in a stepwise modification of the alkaline mineral hydroxycomplex chromium compounds. For studies of colloid-chemical properties of modified montmorillonite dispersions measured kinematic viscosity, pH of the dispersion was evaluated the level of adsorption of chromium compounds (III) and its resistance to change in pH. To determine the effectiveness of forming the structure of the dermis implementing technological processing pickled pelts heifers easily modified chromium compounds dispersion of montmorillonite and determined parameters of the chemical composition and physico-mechanical properties of the obtained leather. Findings. The use of modified chromium compounds montmorillonite dispersions based on their colloid-chemical properties of the structure contributes to effective formation of the dermis. Originality. Development of modified montmorillonite dispersions with necessary colloid-chemical properties for efficient tanning of leather. Practical value. The use of modified chromium compounds montmorillonite dispersions contributes to obtaining high-quality leather, it can reduce costs and improve the chrome tanning agent resource conservation and ecological production of leather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological stability of the modified and unmodified samples ofpolyurethane coatings to corrosive action of bacteria was studied. It is shown that materials based on polyurethane with an ester gidroksilconfaining: are biological stability to the action of bacteria-coatings destructors Materials based on polyurethane with polyether gidroksilcontaining component- are not biostability. However, the sulfate-reducing bacteria, as the most dangerous corrosive agents exhibit little metabolic activity in the presence of a coating on the basisperhlorvinilpolyretane modified by organic-inorcanic oligomer NONO. Such materials may also be promising for biostable coatings. Investigation of biocidal properties of antiseptics as inhibitors (1 and 2 %) in relation to the corrosion aktive bakteria showed their selectivity. It was found that among the best studied antiseptics titanium, amine compound sexhibit biocidal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of modification of hyperbranched poly(ester polyol)s with different а d-oligo(ether urethane diisocyanate)s and subsequent introduction of sulfuric and sulfonic terminal groups was proposed. Hyperbranched poly(ether urethane isocyanate)s were synthesized by the reaction of the third generation hyperbranched aliphatic poly(ester polyol)s with a,0- oligo(ether urethane diisocyanate)s based on oligo(oxyethylene glycol), oligo(oxypropylene glycol) and oligo(oxytetramethylene glycol) with molar masses of 1000 g/mol and 2,4-, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate. The compounds containing olygo(ether urethane urea) fragments with terminated sulfuric and sulfonic groups in the form of potassium salts in the outer shell were obtained by interaction of hyperbranched poly(ester urethane isocyanate)s with potassium salts of 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfuric and 2-aminoethanesulfonic acids. The synthesized hyperbranched compounds were characterized by functional analysis and IR spectroscopy. According to differential scanning calorimetry they are amorphous compounds with a glass transition temperature in the range of -16 +-57 °C in relation to the oligoether nature and salt group type. These compounds are micelle-forming surfactants and their limiting surface activity is 14 orders of magnitude more then surface activity of surfactants with classical structures. Their colloid- chemical properties also depend on the type of salt group and the nature of oligoether. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

С целью максимального использования потенциала украинских месторождений карбонатов в виде белых минеральных наполнителей в составе водно-дисперсионных красок были изучены свойства и возможность их модифицирования методом механохимической активации поверхности в присутствии поверхностно-активных веществ. Установлено, что с помощью оптимальных концентраций модификатора изменяется лиофильный баланс наполнителей, увеличивается площадь их поверхности, а также улучшаются фильтрационные свойства по отношению к органическим материалам. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodology. The main physical-chemical properties of modified amido aldehyde oligo(poly)mers have been obtained and studied. Findings. It has been determined that conditions of synthesis and mainly ratio of primary components and condition of reaction influenced essentially on property and structure of synthesized amido aldehyde oligomers. Practical value. The DTA method has proved that the modification of urea-formaldehydecroton aldehyde oligomer with acrylic acid increased thermal-oxidative degradation of obtained products. Acrylic acid as a modifier firmly bonds chemically with amido aldehyde oligomers, which leads to heat stability of leather samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The samples of titanium dioxide (TiO2) modified by the fi-cyclodextrin-containing polymers were synthesized. The obtained organic-inorganic polymeric materials and mechanical blends of initial polymers were investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. The analysis of results indicates the formation of chemical bonds between the TiO2 surface and the polymer organic layer. It should be noted that the modified TiO2 samples are more heat-resistant compared to the corresponding mechanical blends. It has been established that the nature of coat layer affects the heat resistance of the polymers obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and physicochemical properties of polyaniline composites and nanostructured ZnO have been investigated using methods of thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the modification of zinc oxide surfaces with phenyldiazonium tetraftorborate changes conductivity of composites. Add to composites of carbon nanotubes allows widely change the electrical conductivity of composites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]