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The research is conducted to examine the relationship between suicide rate and the macroeconomic indicators of high-income countries according to the World Bank income classification. In the research, the independent variables comprise of the economic variables, and the dependent variable is the suicide rate seen in a country. An econometric model with a random effects approach is developed for the effect of the specified independent variables on suicide rate in the population. As a result of the analysis, a 1%increase in the Gini index value may cause an increase of 0.26% in the suicide rate; income distribution disorders directly affect the suicide rate and increase suicide; and a 1% increase in the unemployment level causes 0.02% increase in the suicide rate. In addition, it is stated that there is a negative correlation between income per capita and suicide rate, and a 1% increase in income per capita may cause a 0.10% decrease in the suicide rate. Within the scope of the research, suicide rate, which is an important indicator of society, can be examined in different income groups or in similar income groups within the scope of different variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the rate of increase in life expectancy has slowed down in many developed countries. This change shows that several risk factors that adversely affect life expectancy are effective. Among these countries, the rate of slowdown in the United Kingdom was higher than in other countries. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of nonmedical health indicators such as smoking, alcohol consumption, the prevalence of obesity in the total population, and average calorie consumed on life expectancy at birth in the United Kingdom, one of the most developed countries in the world. In the study, the effect of nonmedical health indicators for the periods 1996-2019 on life expectancy at birth was investigated. The relationship between the variables was examined using Johansen cointegration, error correction, and Granger causality tests. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the research, it was found that while the increases in alcohol use and smoking rates negatively affected the life expectancy expected at birth in the long term, the fact that people gained weight by eating more and consuming more calories positively affected the life expectancy at birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic, which has taken the whole world under its influence in a short time, has negatively affected almost all countries and all sectors. This situation has shown that countries should attach more importance to health services, and that it is necessary to provide access to health services under all circumstances. In this study, it is aimed to measure the performance of the countries in the high income group in the World Bank income classification against the Covid-19 pandemic, using both CCR and BCC methods, with the DEA method. DEAP package program was used in the analysis of the study data. Potential improvement rates were calculated by transferring the program outputs to the Excel program in the next process. In the study, maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live births, the share of GDP allocated to health services, the number of patient beds, the number of physicians per thousand people, the number of nurses and midwives per thousand people, and health expenditure per capita were used. As the output variable, the total number of people recovering from Covid-19 disease, the number of cases per 100.000 people, the number of deaths and the number of tests were used. The average efficiency of the countries has been determined as 70%. Among the 48 countries, 15 countries were found to be efficient by being on the effective border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries, whose health system is known to be efficient in the current situation, faced significant difficulties in the emerging Covid-19 epidemic and could not demonstrate adequate performance. The main aim of the research is to evaluate the health systems of the countries in the developed country group, taking into account the World Bank income classification, and the secondary aim is to compare the productivity results to be obtained with the performance of the countries in the fight against Covid-19. In the research, input-oriented CCR andBCC models from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models were used to measure the effectiveness of health systems. DEAP package program was used in the analysis of the data. While 79 countries constitute the universe of the research; The sample consists of 36 countries whose data can be accessed. Data on health indicators of countries; covers the years 2000-2018 and annual data are used. Data on Covid-19 was obtained from ourworldindata and worldometer websites and includes data between 01.03.2020 and 01.03.2022. As a result of DEA; The health systems of 6 countries were found to be effective. As a result of comparing the findings obtained from the analysis with the Covid-19 performances; It has been observed that there is no linear relationship between the efficiency level of the health systems of the countries and the Covid-19 performances. In this context, the pandemic is a policy area that should be handled separately, and the policies carried out in this area directly affect the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health indicators, which are in a very close relationship with the economy, are very important for the society. It is very important to determine the factors that have an impact on health indicators and their degree of influence. In this direction, the effect of political-economic indicators on basic health indicators is investigated in the study. 42 countries in the middle-upper income group are included in the study. The data type of the variables is annual and covers the 2000-2019 periods. Autocorrelation, multiple linear connection problem, variance problem and cross-section dependencies of all models are examined. The econometric findings of the models are obtained as a result of the robust correction tests. As a result of the study, it is that the income level, political stability, accountability level and public expenditures in a country, especially an index value, have significant effects on basic health indicators. The increase in economic variables has positive effect on health indicators. However, one unit of deterioration in income distribution is seen to cause further deterioration in health indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healthcare market is an area where high technological investments and expenditures are made, which include an important area of employment that directly affects the society. With globalization countries want to increase their existing resources and on the one hand want to use their existing resources in the most effective way. A significant portion of the country's' resources are allocated to the healthcare field. The efficient use of these resources is important both for the national economy and for the society. The increase in health expenditures makes the economies of the countries more difficult year by year. In an environment where resources are so valuable, various efficiency analysis methods are used to evaluate whether resources are used efficiently. When the efficiency techniques are examined, there is an analysis technique made with financial data called traditional method and data envelopment analysis technique called modern analysis technique. DEA, which can analyze many inputs and outputs at the same time, has gained a lot of popularity in recent years and various studies have been conducted with this analysis method. In this context, 32 OECD countries were analyzed according to specific input output variables by data envelopment method. As a result of the analysis, the overall efficiency rate was 85% for the CCR input-oriented technique and 92% for the BCC inputoriented technique. Among 32 OECD countries, 8 countries were found to be efficient according to CCR output-oriented analysis technique, while 16 countries were found to be efficient according to BCC output-oriented analysis technique. According to CCR method Canada, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Slovenia and Turkey are the countries is located above the efficient frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in population in the world, increasing chronic diseases, infectious diseases and increasing health need, as well as technological developments and accessibility to information increase the importance of health. In the concept of health, which is a social right for individuals, various data such as life expectancy and death rates at birth are considered as an indicator of the development of countries. Various analysis methods are used in order to compare the development of countries, to analyze various data correctly, to provide more efficient service and to use the resources correctly. In this study, output oriented CCR method and DEAP package program are used from DEA modeling which has the ability to analyze many inputs and outputs together. While the prevalence of hepatitis B is considered as an input variable, the output variable is the mother mortality rate of 100,000 live births and the infant mortality rate of 1,000 live births. 44 countries were included in the study, with a general productivity rate of 68 %. Study results with 46 % efficiency rate in Turkey is also active in the three countries where the farthest limit, while the Czech Republic has been involved with 94 % efficiency level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to other service sectors, health services have a direct impact on society's life, it has a high employment area and it is at the top of economic areas with high technological investments. There is a fierce competition in the health market. In this competitive environment where your change takes place very quickly, health institutions are trying to maintain their activities. Public health institutions which trying to provide better quality and efficient service by coping with many problems are constantly being reformed. Public health agencies are trying to catch up with the performance of rival private health institutions and to complete human resources and measurable performance criteria. For this reason, it is inevitable to determine the efficiency levels by measuring the performance of health institutions using public resources. In this study, data envelopment analysis (VZA) technique, which is used in cases where it is difficult to measure the activities of decision-making units due to the presence of a large number of input and output variables, has been used. The study was conducted in order to determine the efficiency levels by measuring the performance of the public health institutions, which were put into a new structure under the public hospitals association. As a result of the analysis, the input and output variables of the public hospital units which are efficient and inefficient were examined and the causes of inefficiency of the ineffective ones were determined. The data were analyzed by the EMS (Efficiency Measurement System) program using output-oriented DEA models. As a decision unit, 80 public hospitals association were taken. Number of beds, number of physicians, number of nurses and midwives were used as input variables. Variables of outpatient clinic examination, number of emergency examinations, number of operations in group A, number of operations in group B, number of operations in group C, number of hospitalized patients were used as output variables. As a result of the study, 20 (25%) of the 80 public hospitals were found to be more efficient than the CCR, and 31 (38%) were found to be more efficient than the BCC technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, despite the decrease in agricultural areas, problems such as the continuous increase in population, poverty, pandemic, wars and global warming made food insecurity and access to clean water resources even more important. Thus, the effect of not having enough food on the average life expectancy was investigated. In the study, panel data analysis method was used and 58 countries in low and low-middle income groups were analyzed. In the study, panel data analysis method was used and 58 countries in low and low-middle income groups were analyzed. In this direction, it is aimed to determine what kind and in what direction indicators related to access to insufficient food have on the average life expectancy. As a result of the research, it is predicted that a 1% increase in the rate of malnourished population may cause a 0.04% decrease in the average life expectancy, a 1% increase in depth of food deficit may cause in a 0.09% decrease in average life expectancy, a 1% increase in extreme poverty may cause in a 0.18% decrease in average life expectancy. Finally, no significant relationship was found between the number of unsafe water-related deaths and the average life expectancy among the total deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is suggested that individuals with limited health literacy have less awareness about cancer and screening methods. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the relationship between cancer screening perception and health literacy levels among women. This study investigates the determinants of cancer screening perceptions in Turkish women, with a particular emphasis on the influence of health literacy. Employing a cross-sectional design, the study involved 428 women aged 18–69. Data were collected via online questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to assess the effects of distinct variables on cancer screening perceptions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to validate and ensure reliability. The results indicated that the constructed hierarchical regression model explicated around 10% of the variance in cancer screening perceptions. Among the various factors examined, health literacy emerged as the most potent predictor of screening perceptions. Individuals possessing higher health literacy demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward cancer screening. Additionally, age surfaced as another notable determinant, with advanced age correlating positively with awareness and receptiveness to screening. This research reveals the pivotal role of health literacy in shaping how Turkish women perceive cancer screening. While a few factors have an impact, the study highlights the urgent need to elevate health literacy levels to foster heightened awareness and engagement in cancer screening programs. The study's findings offer valuable guidance for devising targeted interventions to address disparities in cancer screening perception and participation, particularly among women in low- to middle-income countries such as Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]