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Purpose: To compare the effect of single-drop administration of two different ophthalmic solutions on tear meniscus and tear osmolarity in patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease.Methods: This prospective study comprised of 122 patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease. These patients received a single dose of either unpreserved trehalose 3%, hyaluronic acid 0.15%, carbomer 0.25% (THHA, Thealoz Duo Gel) (Group 1) or hyaluronic acid 0.3% (HA) (Group 2) gel-based lubricants. Tear meniscus (height and depth) were measured using anterior segment optic coherence tomography (AS-OCT) at baseline and 10, 60, 120, and 240 min. after instillation. Tear osmolarity, Schirmer I test, tear break-up time (TBUT), gel properties, and patient comfort were evaluated 240 min. after instillation.Results: Tear meniscus height (TMH) and tear meniscus depth (TMD) showed a significant increase with both lubricants compared to the baseline (p < 0.001). This effect remained significant for up to 60 min. and 120 min. for the THHA and HA 0.3% solutions, respectively (p < 0.05, for both). Mean comfort duration was 115.1 ± 20.1 min. in Group 1 and 148.3 ± 49.0 min in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tear osmolarity, Schirmer I test, and TBUT were similar between the baseline and 240 min. for each group.Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that 0.3% HA remains on the ocular surface for longer than TH-HA. The longer ocular residency time also seems to correlate with a longer patient comfort duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to observe and compare effects of 4 mg/0.1 ml intravitreal and 20 mg/0.5 ml subtenon triamcinolone acetonide treatment to intraocular pressure (IOP) and lens, applied for inflammation caused by posterior and intermediate uveitis with different etiologies. Materials And Methods: The records for 86 eyes of 69 patients being treated for posterior and intermediate uveitis were evaluated on this retrospective study. 42 patients were treated with intravitreal (IVTA) and 44 patients treated with subtenon triamcinolone (PSTA). Clinic follow-up observations were made on 4 control periods; first control period was i day, second control period was 1 month, third control period was 3 months and fourth control period was 6 months after injection. During control examinations, intraocular pressures were measured with applanation tonometer and complications for increased lens densities were recorded. Results: Average intraocular eye pressure levels for intravitreal and posterior subtenon patients were measured as 14.12±1.53 and 14.43±1.85 respectively first day after injection, 23.71±5.20 and 18,41±4.05 at the end of first month after injection, 15.57±2.99 and 15.29±2.31 at the end of third month after injection and 15.05±2,06 and 15.30±2.31 at the end of sixth month after injection. When the results were compared at the end of first month, significant difference between the groups was observed (p<0.05). IOP was clearly increased on IVTA group. However IOP increase on following examinations were not significantly different (p>0.05). Cataract progression or existing opacity increase after IVTA and PSTA injections were observed as 9 (21.4%) on IVTA group and 8 (18.2%) on PSTA group and the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although intraocular pressure at the end of first month was higher on IVTA group, no difference was observed on later examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate efficiency and complications of posterior subtenon triamcinolone (PSTT) injection for treatment of uveits. Materials and Methods: 40 eyes of 22 patients, which were diagnosed with uveit and treated with PSTT in our clinic, are included in this study. Before and after PSTT treatment visual acuity on 1st, 3rd and 6th months, complications such as vitritis, retinal vasculitis or changes in cystoid macular oedema (CMO), increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and cataract progression were recorded. Success of treatment was evaluated with clinic and angiographic regression for CMO and vasculitis. Vitritis was followed with biomicroscobic examination. Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. Results: 40 eyes of 22 patients were followed for average 18.2 months (6-21 months). Included patient in study; Grup A: Idiopathic, Grup B: Behçet, Grup C: Pars planit for üveitis. When results were examined, PSTT efficiency found; CMO was observed in 40% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 20% in the 1st month, 20% in the 3rd month and 10% in the 6th month, vitritis was observed in 100% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 10% in the 1st month, 10% in the 3rd month and 0% in the 6th month and vasculitis was observed in 10% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 0% in the 1st month for Group A. CMO was observed in 60% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 40% in the 1st month, 30% in the 3rd month and 30% in the 6th month, vitritis was observed in 90% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 40% in the 1st month, 0% in the 3rd month and vasculitis was observed in 10% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 10% in the 1st month and 0% in the 3rd month for Group B. CMO was observed in 50% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 0% in the 1st month and vitritis was observed in 100% of the patients at the beginning and was observed 0% in the 1st month, for Group C. The effect of PSTT treatment on visual acuity was; 0.36 at the beginning and 0.48, 0.50, 0.49 at the 1st 3rd and 6th months respectively for Group A, 0.53 at the beginning and 0.60, 0.56, 0.56 at the 1st 3rd and 6th months respectively for Group B and 0.40 at the beginning and 0.48, 0.49, 0.49 at the 1st 3rd and 6th months respectively for Group C. During the follow-up period intraocular pressure was observed over 21mmHg on 2 eyes (5%). With topical antiglaucoma treatment, IOP was taken under control. On 3 eyes (7.5%) cataract progression was observed. Conclusion: PSTT treatment is found effective to contain posterior segment inflammation of uveits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal keratitis can be caused by yeasts Candida spp. and various filamentous fungi such as Fusarium spp. Aspergillus spp. and Alternaria spp. In fungal keratitis it would be on appropriate approach to know risk factors of epidemiology and predisposing risks, and to start on effective antifungal treatment to the patient with proper laboratory diagnosis. Fungal keratitis is difficult to treat and carries a serious risk factor like intraocular involvement. Traditional antifungal drugs usually have good topical transcorneal penetration, but they are limited to intraocular penetration and systemic therapy. In this paper, it is presented a case of A. flavus complex keratitis successfully treated with oral and topical voriconazole. Although fungal keratitis is occured rarely, it still has a serious prognosis. In fungal keratitis it is significant to perform accurate and rapid diagnosis and have accurate knowledge about treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the the results of external dacryocystorhinostomy using double flaps anastomosis and single flaps anastomosis Methods: Fifty-one eyes of 48 consecutive patients with complain epiphora and chronic dacryocystitis who had undergone external dacryocystorhinostomy from October 2009 to January 2012 were included. Single flap anastomosis were performed on 26 eyes of 26 patients and double flaps anastomosis were performed on 25 eyes of 22 patients and reviewed surgical success rate. Results: Silicon tube intubations were performed on 13 eyes with single flaps anastomosis and 20 eyes with double flaps anastomosis. The mean length of follow-up was 16.2±1.3 months for single flaps anastomosis group and 18.1±2.1 months for double flaps anastomosis group. Success rates in single flap anastomosis group and double flaps anastomosis group were 92.4% and 96%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in success rate between the groups (p=0.088). Conclusion: Single flap and double flap anastomosis gave similar outcome in external dacryocystorhinostomy surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]