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Background and Aim Of the Study: In vitro studies have shown a reduction in radial artery spasm with the use of calcium antagonists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical treatment of the radial artery conduit using either verapamil or nicardipine before the anastomoses.Methods: This prospective randomized study included 131 patients, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with the use of the radial artery as a conduit. In 65 patients, the harvested radial artery was topically treated with verapamil and in 66 patients with nicardipine. After harvesting the radial artery, the direct flow through the conduit was measured in vitro before 5-minute incubation in nicardipine or verapamil and measured again after incubation. The flow before and after incubation was compared. Postincubation flow was also compared in the two groups. After performing the anastomosis, the flow through the radial artery was measured in vivo.Results: The mean flow after NaCl incubation was 19.93 ± 12.66 mL/min and after incubation in the Ca+ channel blocker 47.16 ± 14.58 mL/min (P < .001). No significant difference in postincubation free flow was found between verapamil (46.29 ± 15.43 mL/min) and nicardipine (48.01 ± 13.77 mL/min; P = .503).Conclusion: Topical treatment with Ca+ channel blockers reduces radial artery spasm and significantly increases the free flow through the radial artery conduit. Nicardipine is a safe and effective alternative of verapamil in preventing spasm of radial artery conduit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transplantation animal models require 2 animals for each experiment, 1 as a donor and 1 as a recipient. At the present time, developing microsurgical instruments and refining surgical techniques should allow us to reduce the number of animal used for transplantation research. In this study, we aimed to harvest 2 kidneys from 1 donor to be able to minimize the number of animals needed for transplantation studies. For this purpose, we developed a kidney xenotransplantation model from mouse to rat, in which only 1 animal was used as the donor for 2 kidney recipients. Ten male Balb/c mice weighing from 25 to 30 g were used as donors, and 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing from 150 to 200 g were used as recipients. In this study, the harvesting of 2 kidneys from a mouse as well as the recipient operation were described with technical detail. Although harvesting 2 kidneys from a mouse and mouse-to-rat kidney xenotransplantation is a highly challenging microsurgical procedure, we believe that every experienced surgeon should be capable of performing this surgery with some practice. This model allows us to reduce the number of animals in transplantation studies without compromising the graft quality. We strongly recommend our refined harvesting technique to researchers, particularly in terms of animal rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman frequencies of six lattice modes are calculated as a function of pressure using the volume data from the literatüre by means of the isothermal mode Grüneisen parameter ( γ T ) for the solid phase I of benzene. We find that by determining the γ T decreasing, the Raman frequencies calculated for the phonon modes increase with increasing pressure in this solid phase of benzene, which agree with the observed Raman data. We also predict the T-P phase diagram between the solid phases of I and I′ by using the calculated Raman frequencies of the six lattice modes of benzene. Our calculated T-P diagram does not match properly with the observed data, which needs to be reconsidered by analyzing a number of measurements for the I − I′ transition in benzene. Our results indicate that this method of calculating the Raman frequencies from the volume data through the mode Grüneisen parameter and predicting the T-P phase diagram from the calculated Raman frequencies, is adequate and it can also be applied to some other hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and anthracene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate gamma ray shielding properties for bismuth doped barite-based ternary polymer composite materials. In the first stage of the study, a polymer matrix was prepared by combining orthophthalic unsaturated polyester resin (OUP), Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) and Cobalt Octoate (6%) (Co-6). Then, barite and bismuth were added in certain proportions as filler material into this polymer matrix and thus ternary composites were produced. Experimental studies for the produced samples were carried out in narrow beam geometry using HPGe detector and 133Ba, 22Na, 137Cs, 60Co radioactive sources which emit photons between 276.4 and 1332.5 keV energy. To determine the gamma ray shielding properties of the produced ternary composites, radiation protection efficiency (RPE), linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Z eff), effective electron density (N E) parameters were obtained. Experimental results were compared with theoretical results obtained with WinXCOM software and GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation code. Experimental and theoretical results were found to be compatible with each other. According to obtained results, it was found that the sample with the best shielding property among the prepared samples was BaBi50 coded sample. • Barite-based ternary composites were fabricated. • Their gamma shielding capacities were investigated. • Experimental, theoretical and GEANT4 methods were used. • Good agreement was observed between the used methods. • The composite coded as BaBi50 provided better shielding than the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effects of long-range potential fluctuations and electron-electron interactions on the electronic and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons with zigzag edges using an extended mean-field Hubbard model. We show that electron-electron interactions make the edge states robust against potential fluctuations. When the disorder is strong enough, the presence of electron-hole puddles induces a magnetic phase transition from antiferromagnetically coupled edge states to ferromagnetic coupling, in agreement with recent experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specific heat C P is calculated as a function of temperature using the observed Raman frequency shifts of the six lattice modes at constant pressures of 0 and 0.1 GPa for the solid I–II transition in benzene. This calculation is performed using the volume data through the mode Grüneisen parameter of each lattice mode which we determined as functions of temperature and pressure. The specific heat C P is also calculated as a function of pressure at room temperature using the Raman frequency shifts of those phonon modes studied. The specific heat C P due to the contributions of the six lattice modes, increases with the increasing temperature at constant pressures ( P = 0 and 0.1 GPa) and it decreases with increasing pressure ( T = 300 K), as expected. Our calculated C P values can be compared with the experimental measurements for the solid I–II transition in benzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Raman frequencies for modes of symmetry Ag and Bg are calculated as functions of temperature (at atmospheric pressure) and pressure (at room temperature) using the observed volume data from the literature through the mode Grüneisen parameters in naphthalene. By determining the temperature and pressure dependence of the isobaric ( γ P ) and isothermal ( γ T ) mode Grüneisen parameters, respectively, the Raman frequencies of the modes which were calculated, are in good agreement with the observed frequencies considered in naphthalene. Our results show that the Raman frequencies for the modes studied, can be predicted from the volume data by means of the mode Grüneisen parameters. This also leads to predicting the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion ( α P ) and the pressure dependence of the isothermal compressibility ( κ T ) from the frequency shifts, (1/ ϑ )(∂ ϑ /∂ T ) P , and (1/ ϑ )(∂ ϑ /∂ P ) T , respectively, which can be measured accurately in naphthalene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Letandbenonzero quadratic matrices and letandbe nonzero complex numbers. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the quadraticity of the linear combinations of the formare obtained. Our main results contain many of the results in the literature related to idempotency or involutivity of the linear combinations of idempotent and/or involutive matrices. Finally, some numerical examples are given to exemplify the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study here the pressure dependence of the Raman frequencies for different modes in phase II of benzene at constant temperatures. By using the experimental data for the volume, we calculate the Raman frequency as a function of pressure at constant temperatures through the isothermal mode Grüneisen parameter for the modes studied. Our calculations show that the Raman frequencies predicted, agree well with the observed frequencies for the modes in phase II of benzene. The isothermal mode Grüneisen parameter decreases with the pressure for the Raman modes studied at constant temperatures for benzene II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relations between the spectrum of the matrix Q+ R and the spectra of matrices (γ+δ)Q+(α+β)R-QR-RQ, QR-RQ, αβR - QRQ, αRQR - (QR)², and βR - QR have been given assuming that the matrix Q + R is diagonalizable, where Q, R are {α,β}-quadratic matrix and {γδ}-quadratic matrix, respectively, of order n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Duplication of the spine is very rare, and this malformation is generally considered as a severe form of type I split cord malformations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spine duplication associated with lipomyelomeningocele. Case: We report an exceptional case of 14-year-old, asymptomatic and neurologically intact girl with duplication of the spine and marked separation of bony elements at thoraco-lumbar region. One of the split thecal sacs includes a tethered spinal cord whereas other thecal sac has no visible neural content, and there is a neighbor lipomyelomeningocele located in the midline. Conclusion: A surgical operation was planned to release the tethered cord and instrumentation and fusion for scoliosis; however, the operation was declined by the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of steroid hormone receptor proliferation index in endometrial adenocarcinoma. In this study, the correlation between oestrogen receptor expression, proliferation index and FIGO grade, age, myometrial invasion, tumour size and menopause status was evaluated in 40 patients with endometrial carcinoma. For this purpose, all tumours were stained immunohistochemically with oestrogen receptor and Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies. Oestrogen receptor expression and proliferation indices were found to be statistically associated with grade, age, menopausal status, vascular invasion and tumour size ( p < 0.001). Quantitative assessment of tumour proliferation and expression of oestrogen receptor were found to be important prognostic indicators in endometrial adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The present study was designed to determine the individual and combined effects of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC, 0·1%, 24 ± 1°C), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC, 0·5%, 24 ± 1°C) and hot water (HW, 93 ± 1°C) treatments on the survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods and Results: Beef samples inoculated with L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were treated with nine different applications singly or in combination. Treatment groups comprised (i) untreated control; (ii) sterile tap water; (iii) 0·1% ASC; (iv) 0·5% CPC; (v) HW; (vi) HW followed by 0·1% ASC; (vii) HW followed by 0·5% CPC; (viii) 0·1% ASC followed by HW; (ix) 0·5% CPC followed by HW. Compared with the untreated control group, the reductions in L. monocytogenes populations were 1·14–2·31 log CFU g−1, while the reductions in S. aureus populations were 0·83–2·74 log CFU g−1 on day 0. Conclusion: The reduction effect that occurred after combined treatment with ASC followed by HW, HW followed by ASC, CPC followed by HW and HW followed by CPC was found to be significantly greater ( P < 0·05) than after treatment with ASC and CPC alone on days 0, 2 and 4 of storage. Significance and Impact of the Study: ASC, CPC and HW treatments can be used to reduce L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, which would provide an additional measure of safety on the production line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Recurrent glomerular diseases are important causes of graft dysfunction after renal transplantation. As the outcomes of transplantation continue to improve, the problem of recurrent diseases in the transplanted kidney have become evident. The purpose of our study was to determine the risk factors for and the incidence of recurrence in the posttransplant period as well as their impact on graft survival rates. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 49 patients with glomerular diseases due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (n = 26); focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, n = 18); and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 5). The mean follow-up was 9.5 years. Results: Recurrent disease was detected in 30 of 49 patients after a mean posttransplant follow-up of 28.1 months (range = 1 to 157) and their average graft survival was 41.3 months. Nineteen patients were recurrence-free with a mean graft survival of 79.4 (range = 15 to 158) months (P < .05). One patient with FSGS, showed disease-recurrence in her third transplant after having experienced recurrences in the former grafts. In all six patients with HLA haplotype B8, recurrence was observed at a mean of 19.5 ± 9.8 months. The only risk factor that was identified was this HLA haplotype. Conclusion: Recurrent disease a significant problem after renal transplantation is associated with decreased graft survival. The donor HLA type may be associated with risk, which should be clearly discussed with both the living donor and the recipient candidate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) continues to be missed by routine physical examination in up to 50% of cases. Ultrasound (US) supplementation is the best method of screening for DDH, but the resources required should not be underestimated. Limited abduction of the hip (LHA) in an infant triggers suspicion, and often an urge to treat, in most orthopaedic surgeons and pediatricians alike. This study aimed to document the value of unilateral LHA in the diagnosis and decision making of DDH, and the correlation between LHA and US. Methods: In total, 464 infants referred from the pediatrics clinic with LHA, aged between 30 and 120 days, were included in the study. Results: Physical examination revealed LHA in 186 (41%) infants, 26 of which were unilateral and 160 were bilateral. US examination showed that 13 (8.1%) patients in the bilateral LHA group and 18 (69.2) patients in the unilateral LHA group, had DDH (total number 31, 7%). Conclusion: Unilateral limitation of hip abduction was found to be a sensitive sign for developmental hip dysplasia, but US could be defined once again as the best golden standard before initiating treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Free tendon grafts are frequently used in zone 2 flexor pollicis longus tendon reconstructions. However, pedicled tendon grafts have less risk of adhesion than free tendon grafts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of two-stage flexor pollicis longus tendon reconstruction using a pedicled palmaris longus tendon graft. Methods. Six patients who underwent two-stage flexor pollicis longus tendon reconstruction using a pedicled palmaris longus tendon graft between 2016 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated in this study. The mean follow-up was 17 months (range: 13-25 months). Results. In the final follow-ups, the Buck-Gramcko score was excellent in three patients, good in two patients, and fair in one patient. Mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 12.9 (8.3-26.7). Conclusions. We conclude that good results can be achieved with two-stage flexor pollicis longus tendon reconstruction using a pedicled palmaris longus tendon graft. This method appears to be an alternative for flexor pollicis longus tendon reconstruction using free tendon graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose that the matrix equations system (A1XB1,...,AkXBk) = (C1,...,Ck) with unknown matrix X is given, where Ai, Bi, and Ci, i =1,2,...,k, are known matrices of suitable sizes. The matrix nearness problem is considered over the general and least squares solutions of this system. The explicit forms of the best approximate solutions of the problems over the sets of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are established as well. Moreover, a comparative table depending on some numerical examples in the literature is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is investigated the necessary and sufficient conditions for the generalized quadraticity of a linear combination of any two generalized quadratic matrices. The main result obtained is, in a sense, a generalization of the main results given in [Uç M, Özdemir H, Özban AY. On the quadraticity of linear combinations of quadratic matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra. 2015;63:1125–1137.] which contains many of the results in the literature related to idempotency or involutivity of the linear combinations of idempotent and/or involutive matrices, to the generalized quadratic matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

- Suppose that the matrix equation AXB = C with unknown matrix X is given, where A, B, and C are known matrices of suitable size. The matrix nearness problem is considered over the (P,Q)-orthogonal symmetric and (P,Q)-orthogonal skew-symmetric solutions of the matrix equation AXB=C. The explicit forms of the best approximate solutions of the problems considered are established. Moreover, two numerical examples and a comparative table, depending on the examples chosen from literature, are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We compared the efficacy and safety of standard heparin to that of low molecular weight heparin (Enoxaparin) in 100 hip replacement patients. Materials and methods: A total of 100 patients who underwent total hip replacement surgery were randomised to receive a study medication. Enoxaparin was administered to 50 patients (prophylaxis with subcutaneous injection of 40 mg of Enoxaparin daily was initiated 12 h preoperatively), and heparin (subcutaneous standard heparin initiated 8 h preoperatively on a dose of 5,000 IU and continued to 15,000 IU per day in three equal dosages every 8 h) was given to 50 patients. Each treatment was continued until the patients were discharged from the hospital. They were made to undergo lower extremity duplex ultrasonography for deep vein thrombosis before discharge and discontinued from medication if no pathology was found. The primary parameter to determine the efficacy was the prevalence of venous thromboembolic disease. The primary parameter to determine safety was the prevalence of major bleeding. Results: Two patients in the heparin group developed DVT, which was detected by routine duplex ultrasonography at the end of hospitalisation, and two patients in the exoparine group were detected with late DVT during the postoperative period of 6 weeks. Seven patients had minor and major bleeding in both the groups. Six patients in the heparin group discontinued from medication because of hepatic, renal dysfunctions, and serious discharges from the wound. Conclusion: Enoxaparin is as safe and as effective as standard heparin in total hip replacement surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often starts in childhood and adolescence and can be a chronic disorder with high persistence rates. The prevalence of OCD in this group is between 0.5-4%. It may occur in children as young as 6-7 years of age. The aim of the present study is to explore suggestive OCD in adolescents in a public high school and factors related to it. Patients and Methods: Ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th grade students attending a public high school were included in the study. In our study, we used a questionnaire made up of a socio-demographic survey form and the Leyton Obsessional Inventory-Child Version Survey Form. The inventory was applied as a self-report questionnaire. Results: A high suggestive OCD prevalence was found among students (14.3%). Students who declared to be traumatized in childhood had 3.55 times higher odds to exhibit suggestive OCD than those who declared to be not traumatized. Also students who reported to possess a psychological disorder had 2.22 times higher odds to exhibit suggestive OCD than students who reported not having a psychological disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of suggestive OCD was high in students who participated to our study. More comprehensive studies are needed to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, some Toxoplasma gondii genotypes are being associated with serious clinical presentations. A recent report showing the Africa 1 genotype in two local congenital toxoplasmosis cases acquired in Turkey formed the basis of this study because atypical Africa 1 genotype is most frequently detected in animals and patients from sub-Saharan Africa. Since stray cats are considered as the linkage between wild life and urban life in T. gondii transmission, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize T. gondii strains circulating in stray cats of İzmir (Western Turkey). A secondary objective was to determine toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in this cat population. Tissues obtained from 100 deceased stray cats were bioassayed and isolated strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers. In addition, toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was analyzed in 1121 cat sera collected from several large veterinary clinics in İzmir. Among the 22 isolates, 19 were Type II (86.3%), two were Type III (9%) and one was Africa 1 genotype (4.5%). The overall seropositivity rates in cats were 42–48% and 33.4–34.4% according to IFA and ELISA, respectively. Seroprevalence in deceased cats was significantly higher than in healthy cats (P = 0.0033). Finding both the major clonal Type II lineage together with the Type III lineage also found in Middle East, and an atypical genotype, Africa 1 appears consistent with the specific geographic location of Turkey between three continents and raises the possibility of transportation of these strains between continents through trade routes or long distance migratory birds. In addition, the first large study of toxoplasma seroprevalence in a stray cat population was also reported. The relatively high seropositivity rates and the variety of T. gondii genotypes confirm the local stray cat population as a risk factor for human toxoplasmosis in İzmir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of air force comparison models have been developed in order to evaluate the relative air superiority of friendly and enemy forces. Even though these models are actively utilized in force structuring and operational planning processes, all of the models neglect the location of the air force assets and therefore fail to provide a regional superiority comparison of friendly and enemy air forces, but rather provide an overall assessment. With a new aspect on force comparison, a novel model is developed in this paper that puts forward the regional differences in air superiority of the friendly and enemy forces. Evaluating the effects of air assets with Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) on each geographical point in the area of operations, the importance of each point, namely "Air Power Value", is calculated under several different criteria. By plotting the Air Power Value of each point on the situation map, called "Air Superiority Map", situational awareness is substentially increased and operations are planned using numerical superiority values. Furthermore, a tool is developed in order to test the model in real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine lactoperoxidase ( LPO) was purified from skimmed milk using amberlite CG-50-H+ resin, CM sephadex C-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Lactoperoxidase was purified 20.45-fold with a yield of 28.8%. Purity of enzyme checked by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method and a single band was observed. Km was 0.25 mM at 20°C, Vmax value was 7.95 μmol/ml min at 20°C (pH 6.0). Antibacterial study was done by disk diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer using Mueller-Hinton agar medium with slight modification. Bovine LPO showed high antibacterial activity in 100 mM thiocyanate-100 mM H2O2 medium for some bacteria ( Brevibacillus centrosaurus, B. choshinensis, B. lyticum, Cedecea davisae, Chryseobacterium indoltheticum, Clavibacter michiganense pv. insidiosum, Kocuria erythromyxa, K. kristinae, K. rosea, K. varians, Paenibacillus validus, Pseudomonas syringae pv. populans, Ralstonia pickettii, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis, Serratia fonticola, Streptomyces violaceusniger, Vibrio cholerae-nonO1) respectively, and compared with well known antibacterial substances (levofloxacin, netilmicin). LPO system has inhibition effects on all type bacteria and concentration is really important such as LPO-100 mM thiocyanate-100 mM H2O2 system was proposed as an effective agent against many factors causing several diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A sandwich device has been fabricated from DNA molecular film by solution processing located between Al and p-type silicon inorganic semiconductor. We have performed the electrical characteristics of the device such as current–voltage (I–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V) and capacitance–frequency (C–f) at room temperature and in dark. The DNA-based structure has showed the rectifying behavior. From its optical absorbance spectrum, it has been seen that DNA has been a semiconductor-like material with wide optical band energy gap of 4.12eV and resistivity of 1.6×1010 Ωcm representing a p-type conductivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Intestinal pneumatosis is a relatively rare condition that has been associated with a wide variety of abnormalities. Traditionally, this entity has been diagnosed by radiographic films, contrast series, or more accurately by computed tomography. However, reports describing findings of intestinal pneumatosis on sonographic examination, which is an important initial diagnostic tool for abdominal diseases, are limited. We suggest that twinkling artifact may be of value in the sonographic diagnosis of this condition. We report two cases of intestinal pneumatosis that were diagnosed initially by sonography with the aid of twinkling artifact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:We researched our data to determine whether use of radial artery (RA) led to similar hospital morbidity as use of pedicled internal thoracic artery (ITA) with vein grafts. We also investigated if use of RA, different RA operative techniques, or number of inflow grafts were predictors for hospital outcome.Method:Retrospectively the hospital outcome of the first 512 patients with RAs (RA group) was compared with 108 matched patients with left ITA (LITA) and vein grafts (LITA control group). Two subgroups of RA operative techniques were further analyzed: 327 patients with RA directly from aorta (aorta-RA group), and 185 patients with RA from ITA, as a composite graft, (ITA-RA group).Results:Hospital outcome of the RA group was similar to that of the LITA control group. When all ischemic events (IE) were grouped together, univariate analysis showed that aorta-RA group resulted in less IE than the ITA-RA group (2.1% versus 5.9%, respectively, p= 0.025). Number of inflow grafts did not influence IE. Multivariate analysis, however, did not show that technique of proximal RA anastomosis or number of inflow grafts were predictors for IE.Conclusions:Hospital outcome after the use of the RA is similar to that of LITA with vein grafts. Univariate analysis shows less IE after direct aorta-RA anastomoses, but multivariate analysis did not show that technique of proximal RA anastomosis and number of inflow grafts are important predictors for hospital outcome.(J Card Surg 2004;19:520-527) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelolipomas are rare benign tumours composed of adipose tissue and haematopoietic cells that are typically found in adrenal glands but have also appeared in extra-adrenal sites. Distinguishing between extra-adrenal myelolipomas and malignant tumours, such as liposarcomas, is crucial to avoid an invasive procedure. To this end, we present a comprehensive report of the CT imaging characteristics of a pathologically proven bilateral extra-adrenal perirenal myelolipoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]