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This research examines the relationship between objective and perceived relative incomes and health outcomes in Turkey, drawing data from the Life in Transition Survey (LITS) III. The analysis is stratified by gender, employment status, marital status, and educational attainment. Objective income consistently correlates positively with health, with the relationship being particularly strong for employed males. On the other hand, perceived relative income significantly influences health, especially among female subgroups and the unemployed. Disparities in health outcomes based on marital status, age, and education emerge: married males, individuals below 35, and those with below-median education display pronounced associations between objective income and health. The findings emphasize the multifaceted relationships between objective income, perceived economic status, and health, highlighting the need for tailored interventions for health across distinct demographic segments in transitional settings like Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assembly of corpus-based discipline-specific word lists for pedagogical purposes has recently been on the rise (e.g., Arndt, 2022 ; Fraser, 2007 ; O'Flynn, 2019 ; Yang, 2015). In order to cater to the needs of learners in veterinary medicine (VM) and for field-specific academic literacy, this paper analyses a reiteration of the Veterinary Medicine Corpus (Özer and Akbaş, 2023 ; hereafter the VMC), assembling a specified list of academic words used in published research articles (RAs) in VM. So far, VM has remained largely unexplored with the exception of Durrant's (2009) limited coverage of VM texts. The analysis was conducted using LancsBox 6.0, prompted to yield a list of PoS-tagged lemmas (P-lemmas) sorted by frequency (Coxhead, 2000 ; Yang, 2015) and dispersion (Arndt, 2022). The most frequent 1,000 lemmas for each content word category were collated into a candidate list. We then manually eliminated proper nouns and GSL (West, 1953) words. The final list, the Veterinary Medicine Academic Word List (VMAWL), contains 835 PoS-tagged lemmas (P-lemmas), a reiteration of which was produced by adding the types in Bauer and Nation's (1993) taxonomy at the second level to test coverage. The VMAWL was profiled and validated against the four parent categories independently on AntWordProfiler (Anthony, 2022a) with analysis showing the VMAWL comprises 13.75 % of the VMC and diverges greatly from generic word lists like the AWL, NGSL, new-GSL, and AVL. The list can be used to develop teaching materials for EAP or ESP academic writing courses. • We assemble an academic word list in veterinary medicine with pedagogical value. • The machine-generated veterinary corpus was reconfigured for reliable dispersion statistics. • The justified list consists of 835 P-lemmas granting a satisfying coverage of 11.92 % in VMC. • Coverage by our justified list in the veterinary corpus is much higher than the generic lists. • The lexis in our disciplinary list is thus significant for better literacy in veterinary medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: The complicated nature of tumor formation makes it difficult to identify discriminatory genes. Recently, transcriptome-based supervised classification methods using support vector machines (SVMs) have become popular in this field. However, the inclusion of less significant variables in the construction of classification models can lead to misclassification. To improve model performance, feature selection methods such as enrichment analysis can be used to extract useful variable sets. The detection of genes that can discriminate between normal and tumor samples in the association of cancer and disease remains an area of limited information. We therefore aimed to discover novel and practical sets of discriminatory biomarkers by utilizing the association of cancer and disease. Materials and methods: In this study, we employed an SVM classification method for differentially expressed genes enriched by Disease Ontology and filtered nondiscriminatory features using Wilk's lambda criterion prior to classification. Our approach uses the discovery of disease-associated genes as a viable strategy to identify gene sets that discriminate between tumor and normal states. We analyzed the performance of our algorithm using comprehensive RNA-Seq data for adenocarcinoma of the colon, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and adenocarcinoma of the lung. The classification performance of the obtained gene sets was analyzed by comparison with different expression datasets and previous studies using the same datasets. Results: It was found that our algorithm extracts stable small gene sets that provide high accuracy in predicting cancer status. In addition, the gene sets generated by our method perform well in survival analyses, indicating their potential for prognosis. Conclusion: By combining gene sets for both diagnosis and prognosis, our method can improve clinical applications in cancer research. Our algorithm is available as an R package with a graphical user interface in Bioconductor (https://doi.org/10.18129/B9.bioc.SVMDO) and GitHub (https://github.com/robogeno/SVMDO). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the morphological relationship of the scapula and the humeral head has been claimed to be related to shoulder pathologies, few studies examined the relationship between subscapularis (Ssc) tears and lesser tuberosity (LT)—humeral head (HH) and between Ssc tears and HH—glenoid. This study aims to evaluate the relationship of LT with HH and glenoid in patients with Ssc tears and anterior shoulder instability (ASI). We hypothesized that the glenoid, HH, and their combined relationship with LT may impact Ssc tears and ASI. Material and methods: The study included 34 patients with ASI, 28 patients with isolated Ssc tears, and 40 patients as the control group. The radius of HH (Hr), the distance between the center of HH and LT (LTr), and the glenoid radius (Gr) were measured in shoulder magnetic resonance (MR) images. The LTr to Hr (LTr/Hr) ratio was defined as the lesser tuberosity-humeral head index (LTHHI), whereas the LTr to Gr (LTr/Gr) ratio was defined as the lesser tuberosity-glenoid index (LTGI). The three groups were compared regarding LTHHI, LTGI, LTr, Hr, and Gr. Results: There was a significant difference between each group concerning LTGI (p < 0.001). LTGI values below 1.99 showed 93.1% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for Ssc tears, while values above 2.24 showed 86.7% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity for ASI. Also, there was a significant difference when the groups were compared for LTHHI (p < 0.001). This rate was lowest for Ssc tears, and LTHHI values below 1.17 showed 82.8% sensitivity and 80.1% specificity. Conclusion: LTGI may be a new predictive factor showing 93.1% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for Ssc tears and 86.7% sensitivity and 86.2% specificity for ASI. In addition, LTHHI may be a new predictive factor showing 82.8% sensitivity and 80.1% specificity for Ssc tears. Level of evidence: III retrospective comparative study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We utilize a natural experiment, an education reform increasing compulsory schooling from 5 to 8 years in Turkey, to obtain endogeneity‐robust estimates of the effect of male education on the incidence of domestic violence against women. We find that husband's education lowers the probability of physical, emotional, and economic violence. Schooling lowers also the likelihood of having an arranged marriage and makes men less inclined to engage in various socially unacceptable behaviors. We show that these findings are very robust to alternative regression specifications and restricted sample estimation. Finally, we argue that assortative mating implies that the educational outcomes of the two spouses are correlated. Our findings are robust to accounting for the husbands' and wives' education jointly. Moreover, when we separate the two effects, we show that the favorable effect of education can be attributed causally to men's education rather than to the education of their wives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relations between COVID-19 economic supports and Bitcoin markets. For this purpose, we first determined the degree of the integration of variables by implementing Fourier Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root tests. Then, we carried out both linear (Bootstrap Toda–Yamamoto) and non-linear (Fractional Frequency Flexible Fourier form Toda–Yamamoto) causality tests to consider the nonlinearities in variables, to determine if the effects of multiple structural breaks were temporary or permanent, and to evaluate the unidirectional causality running from COVID-19-related economic supports and the price, volatility, and trading volume of Bitcoin. Our study included 158 countries, and we used daily data over the period from 1 January 2020 and 10 March 2022. The findings of this study provide evidence of unidirectional causalities running from COVID-19-related economic supports to the price, volatility, and trading volume of Bitcoin in most of the countries in the sample. The application of non-linear causality tests helped us obtain more evidence about these causalities. Some of these causalities were found to be permanent, and some of them were found to be temporary. The results of the study indicate that COVID-19-related economic supports can be considered a major driver of the surge in the Bitcoin market during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the dynamic relations between economic activity, tourism expenditures, and real exchange rate in 9 most visited OECD countries using annual panel data for 2005-2019. To examine the dynamic relations, we first carried out the panel unit root tests to determine the degree of the integration of the variables. And then, using the Westerlund error-correction-based panel cointegration test, we found evidence of the existence of long-run relationships among variables. Therefore, we estimated a panel VECM model to obtain evidence of the causal relationship between the variables. According to the major finding of the studies, there is unidirectional causality from the real effective exchange rate and tourism expenditures to real GDP. Also, real exchange rate granger causes tourism expenditures in the short run. Test results also provide evidence that both real effective exchange rate and tourism expenditures granger cause to real GDP in the long run. However, there is no evidence of long-run granger causality when real effective exchange rate and tourism expenditures are dependent variables. The results of the study imply that to create sustainable growth in the sample countries, they should increase the tourism sector's contribution to GDP, and the countries also should maintain their external competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the recovery of valuable metals, such as gold, silver, and copper, from the printed circuit boards of waste computers, using physical separation followed by leaching methods. Characterization studies revealed that resins and glass fibers were attached as grain together with base and precious metals. A hammer mill was employed as a second stage crusher to disintegrate the different components of the printed circuit board, thus improving the selectivity and recovery of metals. Separation studies using a laboratory-scale shaking table showed that 33% of the feed was removed as a light product and 96.8% of Au, 96.7% of Ag, and 97.7% of Cu were recovered in heavy fraction. Leaching the light fraction using 3 M H2SO4 and 0.33 M HNO3 at 80°C for two h resulted in greater than 90% extraction of Cu. Au and Ag were dissolved at room temperature with a leaching solution of 0.2 M S2O32-, 0.02 M CuSO4, and 0.2 M NH3.H2O, which provided a recovery of more than 59% of Au and 98% of Ag within eight h. Direct leaching tests using optimized conditions were also implemented on the crushed sample, and 45% of Au, 87.6% of Ag, and 70.8% of Cu were extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Abrams curve shows the relationship between public expenditures and unemployment in a country. In the economy where this curve is valid, the increase in public expenditures causes the unemployment rate to increase. This study tests the validity of the Abrams curve for Turkey over the period 1980-2018. The stationarity of the variables is examined by the Fourier KPSS unit root test and it is understood that they are stationary at the first differences. Later, the long-term relationship between the variables is examined by the Fourier Shin cointegration test and it is determined that the variables are cointegrated. The CCR method is used to estimate long-run coefficients. According to this, one unit increase in public expenditures causes unemployment rate increase by 0.45 units. The findings from the FMOLS and DOLS estimators also support this result. Finally, the Toda-Yamamoto causality test is implemented and it is observed that there is a unidirectional causal relationship running from public expenditures to unemployment rate. The results demonstrate that the Abrams curve is valid for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of total tourism demand as well as the effects of both foreign and domestic tourism demand (measured by overnight stays) on regional inflation in Turkey based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics regions classified by Turkish Statistical Institute. To obtain the region-specific effects of tourism demand on inflation, we used the Random Coefficient Regression developed by Swamy by using the annual panel data over the period between 2004 and 2013. Before estimating Swamy Random Coefficients Regressions, we first tested the existence of cross-sectional dependence among the regions of Turkey. And then, based on the results of these tests, we examined the stationarity properties of variables by using second-generation panel unit root tests. The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences in regional effects of different forms of overnight stays on regional inflation. Also, the results show that the contribution of domestic overnight stays to overall and regional inflation is greater than that of foreign overnight stays. Thus, the findings of the study have significant importance in Turkey for designing tourism, industrialization, and monetary policies, particularly aiming to reduce the inflation by adopting inflation targeting regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, long-term relationship between inflation and unemployment rates is analyzed in Turkey over the period 2006- 2017 with the Fourier approach. Econometric tests based on the Fourier approach give strong results regardless of the number, location and form of structural breaks affecting series. First, the Fourier unit root test has been applied to the variables and they are not stationary in level. Thereupon, Fourier unit root test has been applied to the difference of the variables and it has been determined that the variables became stationary when the first difference has been taken. Then, Fourier cointegration test has been applied to test the existence of long term relationship between variables and it has been found that unemployment affect inflation but inflation does not affect unemployment in long term. Finally, the longterm coefficients has been estimated by using the Dynamic Least Squares Method and it has been found that the 1 unit increase in the unemployment rate causes a decrease in the long-term inflation rate by approximately 0.23 units. The results demonstrated that the Phillips curve is valid in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have examined the monetary policy relationship among relatively similar size countries in terms of their economic development. It is also important to explore this relationship between developed countries and developing economies. Moreover, another important question which should be asked is whether the relationship exists among developed and developing economies and what would the size and sign of the coefficient be. Our contributions to existing literature sit on this line. To begin with, we test whether the Taylor rule exists in Turkey or not. First of all, we proved this relationship exists in Turkey. Then, this study concludes that developed countries have a greater impact on developing countries' monetary policies. Moreover, it is found that the effect of the European Central Bank's (ECB) on the monetary policy authority of the European Union related to interest rate over the foreign exchange rate is higher than the impact of the Federal Reserve Bank (FED). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment in comparison to those of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists for the prevention of premature luteinizing hormone surges during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (OS) and the impact of these effects on developing embryos and pregnancy outcomes. Data from 757 cycles of GnRH antagonist treatment and 756 cycles of MPA treatment were evaluated at the Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Assisted Reproductive Treatment Center between October 2018 and April 2022. Patient records were obtained from the electronic database of the centre and analysed. In our centre, GnRH antagonist protocols were used between 2018 and 2020, and MPA protocols were used between 2020 and 2022. We chose our study population by year. Our study is a comparative retrospective study. All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Patients using MPA were significantly older (33.9 ± 5.6 vs. 32.6 ± 5.6, p < 0.001) and had a lower number of antral follicles (AFC) (10.7 ± 8.6 vs. 11.9 ± 10.8, p = 0.007) than those using GnRH antagonists. Both MPA (2.9%) and GnRH antagonists (2.2%) had similar effectiveness in preventing premature ovulation (p = 0.415). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the number of total developed embryos (1.3 ± 1.3 vs. 1.2 ± 1.2, p = 0.765). There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rates with the first ET (%35.4 vs. %30.1, p = 0.074), per total number of transfers (35.3% vs. 30.1%, p = 0.077). MPA was found to be effective at preventing premature ovulation during OS treatment, and the incidence of developing embryo and pregnancy outcomes in patients using MPA were similar to those in patients using GnRH antagonists. Therefore, the use of MPA instead of GnRH antagonists during OS may be a viable alternative for patients not scheduled for fresh ET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achilles tendon rupture is a common musculoskeletal injury. It usually occurs unilaterally in active middle-aged individuals. Spontaneous ruptures without any risk factors predisposing the patient is uncommon and for it to occur bilaterally is very uncommon. We report a case of bilateral spontaneous Achilles tendon rupture in a 32- year-old man with no certain previous and current risk factors. The ruptures occurred after lifting barbell in which the weight caused a severe stress and elongation of the bilaterally gastrocnemius complex. After a clinical examination confirmed the diagnosis, ultrasonography of the Achilles tendons revealed bilateral ruptures. The patient underwent bilateral primary surgical repair. Rehabilitation was begun 6 weeks later. We allowed the weightbearing partially at 8 weeks after surgery, fully at 12 weeks after surgery. The patient's return to premorbid work and social life was uneventful. Bilateral Achilles tendon ruptures are very rare but increased awareness would help avoid a rupture of the contralateral side being missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key characteristics of the world economy in the last few decades has been the rise of foreign direct investments (FDI), which represent the major and most desirable form of capital flows from developed to developing and transition countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate specificities of FDI inflow to six small open transition economies of the western Balkans over the 2004–2014 period. Formal econometric tests carried out in the paper imply that—contrary to widespread ideology—FDI inflows exhibit at best no impact whatsoever or indeed a statistically significant negative impact on both GDP and GNP (cumulative) growth rates in the western Balkans. After exploring stylized facts and contrasting them with theoretical predictions, the article goes on to debunk several misconceptions in regard to motives, modes of operation and economic effects of FDI confronted with inconsistent, partial or outright detrimental government policies. The authors therefore call for a considerably different attitude towards FDI and the growth-generating concept in the Balkans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Effects of monetary and fiscal policy on output growth has been one of the major topics that economists have been investigating. Monetary and fiscal policies are tools for economists and policymakers to correctly direct the economy and facilitate the growth and development of the country. Accordingly, it is critically important for policy- makers in the area of economy to study the efficiency and the effectiveness of such policies. But, so far, there has been no generally accepted evidence suggesting the effectiveness of either the policy in Turkey or around the world. Instead, the dominance of either policy is subject to a change period to period and country to country. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies and then determine which of these two policies is more powerful in promoting economic growth in Turkey over the period 1998 and 2016. Methods: To investigate the growth effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies, we use some of the time series econometric techniques, such as ARDL Bounds testing, structural break unit root tests and Granger causality tests. Findings & Value added: Monetary policy variable is creating only short-run effects on growth; but, it's not causing any Granger causality on it. On the other hand, fiscal policy variable has a long-run significant effect and causing to growth. Thus, the fiscal policy seems to be more effective than monetary policy during examination period, implying the rethinking the implementation of both policies in Turkey. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate the relative effectiveness of economic policies on growth in Turkey in terms of both methods used and period chosen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: This study aimed to compare radiological and functional outcomes of patients who had single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon grafts using transtibial (TT) versus anteromedial (AM) femoral tunnel drilling techniques. Materials and methods: Sixty patients who had been operated on between 2010 and 2013 were enrolled in this study. Tunnel positions and widenings in the femur and tibia were evaluated with radiographs, arthrometric measurements with a Rolimeter arthrometer (Aircast, Summit, NJ, USA), stability assessment with Lachman and reverse pivot shift tests, and functional assessment with the International Knee Documentation Committee and Tegner and Lysholm scoring systems. Results: Tunnel enlargement in the sagittal and coronal planes of the femur was higher with the TT technique (P < 0.0001) and that of the coronal planes of the tibia was also higher with the TT technique (P = 0.01). During the assessment with the Rolimeter, the difference between sides was significant with the TT technique (P = 0.013). Positive results of the Lachman and reverse pivot shift tests were more frequent with the TT technique (P < 0.05), and the Lysholm scores were higher with the AM technique (P = 0.001). Conclusion: ACL reconstruction with hamstring autografts by either TT or AM technique demonstrated similar and excellent results in terms of functional outcomes at the end of the first postoperative year. The TT group had increased tunnel enlargement, which may have uncertain long-term outcomes, compared with the AM group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that 5–30% of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations are accompanied by greater tuberosity fracture (GTF), and the pathomechanism of these fractures is not yet clear. Our hypothesis is to examine the relationship between the scapula morphology and anterior shoulder dislocation (ASD) accompanying GTF. The patients were divided into two groups according to the accompanying GTF. 40 patients with isolated traumatic ASD and 31 patients with accompanying GTF were included in the study. Critical shoulder angle (CSA), glenoid inclination (GI), acromial index (AI) and greater tuberosity angle (GTA) values were measured in two sessions by two independent observers in the standard antero-posterior radiographs of the patients in both groups. The mean CSA was 40.82°±3.19° and 35.49°±2.19° in accompanying GTF group and the isolated ASD group, respectively. The mean CSA was significantly higher in accompanying GTF group than isolated ASD group(P <0.001). The GI was significantly higher in the isolated ASD than in accompanying GTF group (P = 0.001). The mean GI was 18.7°±6.85° and 10.45°±4.87° in accompanying GTF group and the isolated ASD, respectively. Cut-off value of CSA and GI was 38° (88.2% sensitivity,88.9% specificity) and 14.5° (70.6% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity), respectively. There was no significant difference regarding the mean GTA and AI values between GTF group and the isolated ASD group (P = 0.98, P = 0.63). Increased CSA and GI values are associated with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation accompanied by greater tuberosity fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothermia, metabolic acidosis and coagulopathy are known as trauma lethal triad. Damage control surgery is three phase procedure. First phase; control of bleeding and contamination. Second phase; correction of shock, hypothermia, metabolic asidosis and coagulopathy. Third phase; performing definitive surgery. Open abdomen management is important for patients with damage control surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are differences on the treatment principals of gunshot injuries between high kinetic energy and low kinetic energy because tissue destruction power is different. Temporary cavitation is created by guns with high kinetic energy and is cause of destructive of this kind of injuries. Organs which are in the temporary cavitation are injured because of late effects unnoticeable and occured in hours during first exploration. And occured lots of complications. Mechanisms of this kind of injuries and some issues which are important will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an extensive review of the coal-agglomeration process, including oil-agglomeration theory, characterization methods of coal hydrophobicity, and the main factors affecting the agglomeration-process performance in terms of combustible recovery and ash rejection. Coal rank and oxidation state, coal petrography and composition, coal-particle size, pulp density, and pH, bridging-liquid type and concentration, presence of surfactant and electrolytes, bridging-oil emulsification, and agitation intensity as well as time are among the factors here discussed. A chronological overview of the development and milestones of the coal-agglomeration processes is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose:Anastomotic leaks following intestinal operations may cause devastating effects on patients. Ischemia may also occur at the intestinal walls in the presence of strangulations. In this study, we examined the effects of human recombinant (Hr)-epidermal growth factor (EGF) given at a single intramural dose into the intestinal walls and daily intraperitoneal cavity on ischemia and the healing process of anastomosis.Materials and Methods:Sixteen male New Zeland white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n= 4 in each group). In Group 1, two different segments of ileum were identified and, then, transected and the free ends were sutured each other. In the other groups, ischemia was induced by ligating the mesenteric vascular arcade. After the ischemic induction, Group 2 received intramural injections of %0.9 saline, Group 3 received intramural injections of a single dose of EGF, and Group 4 received intramural and intraperitoneal injections of EGF. Bursting pressures and tissue hydroxyproline levels were analyzed. Necrosis, fibroblastic activity, collagen deposition and neovascularization were also studied.Results:The mean levels of bursting pressures in Group 4 (148.6 ± 25.3 mmHg) were higher than Group 2 (70 ± 21.5 mmHg) (p= 0.001). The mean level of bursting pressures was not statistically significant between Group 1 (170.1 ± 35 mmHg) and Group 4 (p= 0.073). Hydroxyproline levels in Group 2 were lower than Groups 3 and 4. There was a statistically significant difference in the mucosal ischemia, mucosal healing and degree of adhesion, but not in the mural anastomotic healing among the groups.Conclusions:Intramural injection with daily intraperitoneal administration of low-dose EGF enhances the bursting pressure and collagen accumulation in ischemic anastomosis, improving many histological variables associated with ischemic intestinal anastomosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paget's disease of the bone is a chronic disease of unknown etiology that affects mainly elderly population. Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Paget's disease is characterized by increased bone resorption followed by excessive new bone formation. The diagnosis is usually made incidentally during radiological investigations for other conditions or due to an unexpected elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase. Focal pain in the involved bones is the most common symptom of disease. Nitrogen containing bisphosphonates are first line drugs in the treatment. In this study we present a patient diagnosed with Paget's disease and discussed the features of this disorder which is of importance in the elderly population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Syndesmosis injuries are a common and debilitating problem affecting the ankle joint, but the precise causes of these injuries remain unclear. In the current retrospective study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between variations in the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and surgically proven syndesmosis injuries. Patients and Method: A total of 57 patients with surgically proven syndesmosis injuries and 51 patients without syndesmosis injuries were included as the control group. Computed tomography (CT) scans were used to measure six anatomical features 1 cm proximal to the tibiotalar joint, including the anterior facet length (a), posterior facet length (b), angle between the anterior and posterior facets (c), fibular incisura depth (d), tibia thickness (e), and fibula thickness (f). Results: Comparing the measurements of the patients with and without syndesmosis injury, it was demonstrated that the anterior facet length (a) (p = 0.022) was shorter and the a–b difference (anterior facet length-posterior facet length difference) (p = 0.010) tended toward negative values. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that a (r = − 0.211, p < 0.033) and a–b (r = − 0.254, p = 0.010) measurements were strongly negatively correlated with syndesmosis injury. Discussion: Our study findings suggest that the shortness of the anterior facet and the difference in length are related to syndesmosis injuries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report this relationship with syndesmosis. This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms of syndesmosis injury, which could help clinicians in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common ankle injury. Level of evidence: Level 4: case–control study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological development and innovations are most important factors that contribute both developed countries and developing countries' economic growth process. Technologic development occuring in paralel with the development of human knowledge; through new production techniques, inventions and innovations play an important role by providing more efficien tuse of production factors (both labor and capital as well as technology). Especially in recent years given the world-wide point of origin Asian economies (China, South Korea, India, Thailand etc.) that create productivity gains, contribution of technology and innovation on economic growth and development is clearly emerging. Starting from this point in the study, the relationship between technologic development and economic growth, on the basis of OECD countries for the period 1991 -2011 were anaylzed by the models of Panel Data. According to results of analysis in OECD countries it was seen that technological development has a positive impact on economic growth in line with expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth of high-quality dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS) material is often compromised by the low solubility of magnetic dopants, leading to formation of precipitates. Here, we explore the feasibility of growing precipitate-free Mn-doped Ge at doping levels near the kinetic solubility limit. Ge:Mn DMS films were grown at low temperature so as to minimize precipitate formation. Meanwhile, epitaxial quality was maintained by employing a very low growth rate. The magnetic properties of these lightly doped films exhibit both interesting contrasts and similarities with those of heavily doped DMS reported in the literature, indicating that the substitutional Mn contents are very similar. Films grown at 95 °C are free of intermetallic precipitates, offering useful opportunities for studying the fundamentals of carrier-mediated exchange and metal-insulator transitions without complications arising from precipitate formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that the growth, composition, and superconductive properties of ultrathin Pb1-xGax alloy films depend strongly on the atomic structure of the substrate interface. Whereas alloy films on the Si(111)-(7 x 7) surface grow in multilayers, reminiscent of the quantum growth phenomenon observed in pure Pb layers, alloy films on the Si(111)-(√3 x √3)R30°-Pb and Si(111)-( √3 x √3)R30°-Ga interfaces gradually switch to classical layer-by-layer growth. The (7 x 7) interface is unique in that it enables formation of atomically smooth alloy films containing up to 6% of Ga, which is far beyond the solid solubility limit. In contrast, the (√3 x √3) interfaces promote phase separation. The contrasting influences of these interfaces are also reflected by their superconductive properties, most notably by the differences in the critical current density, exceeding more than one order of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of short and long term applications of fluorogestone acetate vaginal sponges andnorgestomet ear implants on the fertility parameters on Damascus goats. Eightyeight multiparous goats, between 3-6 years of ages, havingno fertility problem were randomly assigned to 4 groups as; long term sponge (LTS, n=22), short term sponge (STS, n=22), long term implants (LTI, n=22) and short term implants (STI, n=22). The vaginal sponges were applied for 14 days to LTS group and for 6 days to STS group. The ear implants were applied for 14 days to LTI group and for 6 days to STI group. In all groups 2 days before the implant or sponge removal 400 IU PMSG and 75 mcg Cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly. Estrous response time were found as 27.6±0.4, 27.6±0.4, 28.6±0.4 and27.7±0.5 h after the sponge removal in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups, respectively. The estrous rates were detected as 95.4%, 95.4%, 95.4% as 86.3% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates were 72.7%, 68.2%, 72.7% and 68.3% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. The conception rates were found to be 76.1%, 71.4%, 76.1% and 78.9% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. The kidding rates were found to be 93.8%, 86.7 %, 87.5% and 93.3% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. The prolificacy rates were133%, 130%, 135% and 128% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. No statistical difference were found in the estrous response time, estrous rate, pregnancy rate, conception rate, kidding rate and the prolificacy rates among the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups (P>0.05). It wasconcluded that the estrous of the Damascus goats during the breeding season could be synchronized succesfully by the short or long term application of the FGA sponges and norgestomet implants with the combination of PMSG and PGF2α. No difference in the fertility parametersin the short or long term application were detected. Short term applications were found as succesful as long term applications. Therefore the short term applications were found to be more useful for the flexiblity of the usage in the field conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a case of duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) who underwent a segmental resection of the third part. Ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) exposed a 10x15 cm. mass that the borders could not be clearly distinguished from duodenum and did not cause obstruction. A pancreas preserving segmental duodenum resection has been performed. Pathologic report revealed a duodenal GIST. Patient was discharged on sixth day after surgery. She used imatinib 400mg.1x1 and there was any pathological finding at CT after a year. Unique treatment option of duodenal GIST is not Pancreatico-duodenectomy. Pancreas preserving segmental duodenum resection may be useful, comfortable and safe especially for the third part GIST of duodenum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Aspiration of intra abdominal fluid and debris is usually needed during different stages of the operation. This is necessary in order to protect the intra abdominal space from contamination and/or to remove blood or tissue fluids that may occur during the operation. It is also essential for obtaining a clean surgical area. Aspiration of intra abdominal fluid collecting in Douglas Pouch is difficult, even with the use of lower abdominal incisions such as phannensteal. Aspiration of intra abdominal fluid collecting in the Douglas Pouch becomes more difficult when an upper abdominal incision is used because of the difficulty of access to the Douglas Pouch and suctioning the omentum and intestine with the aspirator. Materials and Methods: In this study, a modified suction device (Suction Tube with Air Channel =STAC) has been reported which allows the surgeon easier suctioning intra abdominal fluid. Results: STAC has an additional air channel which prevents the device from suctioning intra abdominal organs such as the intestine and omentum. We tested the efficacy of STAC in a simulated intraabdominal space such as a large transparent plastic bag with fresh sheep intestine-omentum and with 2000 cc of physiologic saline solution. While the suctioning of all the fluid was difficult (13-21 training) and time consuming (240-360 sec) when the conventional suction unit was used, all of the saline solution was easily and quickly suctioned when STAC was used (1 training and 30-60 sec, respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion STAC provides a safe, fast and complete fluid extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of sample preparation method on the liquid limit and plastic limit values was examined. For this purpose, the liquid limit and plastic limit values of the samples, which have been determined by dry preparation method defined in ASTM D 4318-00 (standard method) and the method followed by some laboratories in Turkey (non-standard method) were compared. In the study, 30 natural soil samples with a liquid limit values ranging between 30% and 90% taken from various locations of Turkey were used. The liquid limit tests were carried out by both Casagrande and cone penetration methods. Test results indicate that the liquid limit values of the samples prepared by standard method are greater than those of the samples prepared by the non-standard method, up to 10 % in the Casagrande method and up to 8 % in the cone penetration method. The plastic limit values of the samples which were prepared by the standard method are greater than those of the samples prepared by the non-standard method up to 3 %. It was also observed that the soil type of the some samples according to USCS may be altered due to differences of the sample preparation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum confinement of itinerant eLectrons in atomically smooth uttrathin Lead films produces strong oscillations in the thickness-dependent film energy. By adding extra electrons via bismuth alloying, we showed that both the structural stability and the superconducting properties of such films can be tuned. The phase boundary (upper critical field) between the superconducting vortex state and the normal state indicates an anomalous suppression of superconducting order just below the critical temperature, Tc. This suppression varies systematically with the film thickness and the bismuth content and can be parametrized in terms of a characteristic temperature, Tc* (Less than Tc), that is inversely proportionaL to the scattering mean free path. The results indicate that the isotropic nature of the superconductive pairing in bulk Lead-bismuth alloys is altered in the quantum regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, general principles of laser diffraction method and important subjects for the determination of soil particle size distribution by this method are considered, and sampling method, repeatability of results and suitability of tap water in the analysis are investigated. In the laser diffraction analysis 0.1 - 0.5 g sample is adequate. However there is no standard sampling method for taking 0.1 - 0.5 g sample which is representative of the whole sample. In this study a sampling method was proposed and its practicability was discussed. Coefficients of variation of d10, d50 and d90 parameters of samples taken according to proposed method are calculated and compared with upper limit values defined in Iso 13320, and has been shown that suitability of proposed method. Proposed method has advantages also which can be applied simple tools and apparatus without using special devices. In addition to this, effect of water characteristics (air free, purified, tap water and air free tap water) on the laser diffraction analyses results was also investigated. In conclusion, it is found out that there is no drawback in utilizing of tap water in laser diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, monthly nominal exchange rate volatility has been obtained by using AR(1)-TGARCH(1,1) model over the period 1999:01-2007:01 in Turkey and the direction of causality relationships among nominal exchange rate volatility, import and export have been tried to be determined by the Granger Causality Test of the Standard VAR model. Furthermore, in the study, the results of the Impulse-Response Analysis and the Variance Decomposition Analysis of the Standard VAR model have been obtained as an evidence of presence of one sided causality relationship from export to nominal exchange rate volatility, and two sided causality relationships between import and the nominal exchange rate volatility, and between import and export. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconductivity is inevitably suppressed in reduced dimensionality. Questions of how thin superconducting wires or films can be before they lose their superconducting properties have important technological ramifications and go to the heart of understanding coherence and robustness of the superconducting state in quantum-confined geometries. Here, we exploit quantum confinement of itinerant electrons in a soft metal, Pb, to stabilize superconductors with lateral dimensions of the order of a few millimetres and vertical dimensions of only a few atomic layers. These extremely thin superconductors show no indication of defect- or fluctuation-driven suppression of superconductivity, and sustain supercurrents of up to 10% of the depairing current density. Their magnetic hardness implies a Bean-like critical state with strong vortex pinning that is attributed to quantum trapping of vortices. This study paints a conceptually appealing, elegant picture of a model nanoscale superconductor with calculable critical-state properties and surprisingly strong phase coherence. It indicates the intriguing possibility of exploiting robust superconductivity at the nanoscale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job satisfaction is affected by many factors. A consistent negative correlation between Machiavellianism and Job satisfaction was shown by many previous studies. To estimate this association in a sample of Turkish people, 361 physicians were selected among the total number of 5,959 working in Ankara City Center. A self-administered questionnaire including the Mach IV scale and Job Satisfaction scale developed by Kasapo&gcaron;lu was applied to the subjects. Student t test and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. The correlation of -.25 between Job Satisfaction and Machiavellianism scores was significant and consistent with the mean scores on Job Satisfaction between the Machiavellian and Nonmachiavellian groups. Although the present association is small, the inverse value is consistent for Mach IV scale scores with job satisfaction in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that ultrasonic field is generally used in the cleaning of metal surfaces. Recently, there have been some attempts for the use of ultrasonic treatment in the mineral industry, especially in flotation and separation of fine particles from gases or liquids. Ultrasonic energy is used as a first time in the sedimentation of clay in this study. Laboratory scale sedimentation experiments are performed in natural and ultrasonic media in order to determine the sedimentation characteristics of clay samples in different settling environments. The effects of several parameters such as pulp density, flocculant addition and ultrasonic treatment on the sedimentation of clay are investigated and the optimum settling conditions are determined. It is found that ultrasonic treatment, applied during the sedimentation, positively affected the sedimentation of clay and increased the settling rates by lowering the settling time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different distances between the end point of the osteotomy and the lateral cortex on the risk of lateral cortical fracture in the medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) procedure. Methods Eighteen synthetic tibia models were used. Saw cuts were performed on the test models (n=6 for all groups). Wedge gap distance and wedge opening load were evaluated using compression tests. Findings The mean maximum gap distance without a lateral cortical fracture was 19.90 mm in Group 5, 15.49 mm in Group 10, and 11.23 mm in Group 15. The differences between Group 5 and Group 10, Group 5 and Group 15, and Group 10 and Group 15 were statistically significant. The mean load just before the fracture was 13.24 N in Group 5, 18.31 N in Group 10, and 26.16 N in Group 15. The difference between Group 5 and Group 15 was statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between Group 10 and both Group 5 and Group 15. Interpretation As the end point of the osteotomy is brought gradually closer to the lateral cortex, wider gaps can be opened without a lateral cortical fracture. Thus, higher angle corrections can be achieved more safely by bringing the end point of the osteotomy closer to the lateral cortex, which should be preferred to reduce the risk of a lateral cortical hinge fracture during the MOWHTO procedure, from a clinical viewpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent and unsustainable current account deficits imply continuous foreign borrowing. In this study, we investigate the causal relationship between Turkish current account deficits (CAD) and growth, by using both traditional Granger and Frequency Domain Causality Tests developed by Breitung and Candelon (BC hereafter) over the period of first quarter of 2002 to the first quarter of 2017, since there is scarcely any definitive empirical study out there yet, systematically exploring the causal relationship between GDP growth and current account over short- and longer run. The results of the study indicate that rising CAD unidirectionally causes growth in both short- and medium-run. Thus, since CAD is financed mostly by short-term debt-creating inflows and Turkey is considered to be the most credit-dependent country across all emerging markets, while Turkey's excessive reliance on foreign credit comes at the cost of extremely volatile real GDP growth rates, our result raises many doubts about sustainability and stability of future growth trajectory in Turkey. • The paper investigates the causal relationship between current account deficits (CAD) and growth in Turkish. • Both traditional Granger causality and Frequency Domain Causality Tests developed by Breitung and Candelon are used. • The CAD unidirectionally causes growth in both short- and medium-run. • The results raise many doubts about sustainability and stability of future growth trajectory in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenteric ischemia due to arterial occlusion is still an important cause of mortality and morbidity. The goal of medical and surgical therapies is to restore decreased mesenteric circulation for the purpose of preventing intestinal ischemia or necrosis, malnutrition, weight loss and postprandial abdominal pain. Anticoagulant agents, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, balloon / stent applications, and bypass surgery are preferred treatment alternatives. A successful iliaco- mesenteric bypass performed for a chronic superior mesenteric artery ischemia and it's 24 month follow up is presented in this case report in view of current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although SLAP-5 lesions are associated with recurrent dislocations, their causes and pathomechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic anterior shoulder instability (ASI). We hypothesized that there may be a relationship between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic ASI patients.The study included 74 patients with isolated Bankart lesions and 69 with SLAP-5 lesions who underwent arthroscopic labral repair for ASI. Critical shoulder angle (CSA) was measured on the roentgenograms, while glenoid inclination (GI) and glenoid version (GV) were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by two observers in two separate sessions blinded to each other. Both groups were compared in terms of CSA, GI, and GV.The mean ages of Bankart and SLAP-5 patients were 28.4±9.1 and 27.9±7.7 (P=0.89), respectively; their mean CSA values were 33.1°±2.6° and 28.2°±2.4°, respectively (P<0.001). The ROC analysis’s cut-off value was 30.5°, with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity (AUC = 0.830). SLAP-5 lesions were more common on the dominant side than isolated Bankart lesions (P=0.021), but no difference was found between the groups in terms of GI and GV (P=0.334, P=0.081, respectively).In ASI, low CSA values appeared to be related to SLAP-5 lesions, and the cut-off value of CSA for SLAP lesion formation was 30.5° with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity. Scapula morphology may be related to the SLAP-5 lesions, and CSA can be used as an additional parameter in provocative diagnostic tests and medical imaging techniques for the detection of SLAP lesions accompanying Bankart lesions.III retrospective case-control studyMaterials and methods: Although SLAP-5 lesions are associated with recurrent dislocations, their causes and pathomechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic anterior shoulder instability (ASI). We hypothesized that there may be a relationship between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic ASI patients.The study included 74 patients with isolated Bankart lesions and 69 with SLAP-5 lesions who underwent arthroscopic labral repair for ASI. Critical shoulder angle (CSA) was measured on the roentgenograms, while glenoid inclination (GI) and glenoid version (GV) were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by two observers in two separate sessions blinded to each other. Both groups were compared in terms of CSA, GI, and GV.The mean ages of Bankart and SLAP-5 patients were 28.4±9.1 and 27.9±7.7 (P=0.89), respectively; their mean CSA values were 33.1°±2.6° and 28.2°±2.4°, respectively (P<0.001). The ROC analysis’s cut-off value was 30.5°, with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity (AUC = 0.830). SLAP-5 lesions were more common on the dominant side than isolated Bankart lesions (P=0.021), but no difference was found between the groups in terms of GI and GV (P=0.334, P=0.081, respectively).In ASI, low CSA values appeared to be related to SLAP-5 lesions, and the cut-off value of CSA for SLAP lesion formation was 30.5° with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity. Scapula morphology may be related to the SLAP-5 lesions, and CSA can be used as an additional parameter in provocative diagnostic tests and medical imaging techniques for the detection of SLAP lesions accompanying Bankart lesions.III retrospective case-control studyResults: Although SLAP-5 lesions are associated with recurrent dislocations, their causes and pathomechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic anterior shoulder instability (ASI). We hypothesized that there may be a relationship between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic ASI patients.The study included 74 patients with isolated Bankart lesions and 69 with SLAP-5 lesions who underwent arthroscopic labral repair for ASI. Critical shoulder angle (CSA) was measured on the roentgenograms, while glenoid inclination (GI) and glenoid version (GV) were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by two observers in two separate sessions blinded to each other. Both groups were compared in terms of CSA, GI, and GV.The mean ages of Bankart and SLAP-5 patients were 28.4±9.1 and 27.9±7.7 (P=0.89), respectively; their mean CSA values were 33.1°±2.6° and 28.2°±2.4°, respectively (P<0.001). The ROC analysis’s cut-off value was 30.5°, with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity (AUC = 0.830). SLAP-5 lesions were more common on the dominant side than isolated Bankart lesions (P=0.021), but no difference was found between the groups in terms of GI and GV (P=0.334, P=0.081, respectively).In ASI, low CSA values appeared to be related to SLAP-5 lesions, and the cut-off value of CSA for SLAP lesion formation was 30.5° with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity. Scapula morphology may be related to the SLAP-5 lesions, and CSA can be used as an additional parameter in provocative diagnostic tests and medical imaging techniques for the detection of SLAP lesions accompanying Bankart lesions.III retrospective case-control studyConclusions: Although SLAP-5 lesions are associated with recurrent dislocations, their causes and pathomechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic anterior shoulder instability (ASI). We hypothesized that there may be a relationship between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic ASI patients.The study included 74 patients with isolated Bankart lesions and 69 with SLAP-5 lesions who underwent arthroscopic labral repair for ASI. Critical shoulder angle (CSA) was measured on the roentgenograms, while glenoid inclination (GI) and glenoid version (GV) were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by two observers in two separate sessions blinded to each other. Both groups were compared in terms of CSA, GI, and GV.The mean ages of Bankart and SLAP-5 patients were 28.4±9.1 and 27.9±7.7 (P=0.89), respectively; their mean CSA values were 33.1°±2.6° and 28.2°±2.4°, respectively (P<0.001). The ROC analysis’s cut-off value was 30.5°, with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity (AUC = 0.830). SLAP-5 lesions were more common on the dominant side than isolated Bankart lesions (P=0.021), but no difference was found between the groups in terms of GI and GV (P=0.334, P=0.081, respectively).In ASI, low CSA values appeared to be related to SLAP-5 lesions, and the cut-off value of CSA for SLAP lesion formation was 30.5° with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity. Scapula morphology may be related to the SLAP-5 lesions, and CSA can be used as an additional parameter in provocative diagnostic tests and medical imaging techniques for the detection of SLAP lesions accompanying Bankart lesions.III retrospective case-control studyLevel of Evidence: Although SLAP-5 lesions are associated with recurrent dislocations, their causes and pathomechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic anterior shoulder instability (ASI). We hypothesized that there may be a relationship between SLAP-5 lesions and scapular morphology in traumatic ASI patients.The study included 74 patients with isolated Bankart lesions and 69 with SLAP-5 lesions who underwent arthroscopic labral repair for ASI. Critical shoulder angle (CSA) was measured on the roentgenograms, while glenoid inclination (GI) and glenoid version (GV) were measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by two observers in two separate sessions blinded to each other. Both groups were compared in terms of CSA, GI, and GV.The mean ages of Bankart and SLAP-5 patients were 28.4±9.1 and 27.9±7.7 (P=0.89), respectively; their mean CSA values were 33.1°±2.6° and 28.2°±2.4°, respectively (P<0.001). The ROC analysis’s cut-off value was 30.5°, with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity (AUC = 0.830). SLAP-5 lesions were more common on the dominant side than isolated Bankart lesions (P=0.021), but no difference was found between the groups in terms of GI and GV (P=0.334, P=0.081, respectively).In ASI, low CSA values appeared to be related to SLAP-5 lesions, and the cut-off value of CSA for SLAP lesion formation was 30.5° with 75.0% sensitivity and 76.7% specificity. Scapula morphology may be related to the SLAP-5 lesions, and CSA can be used as an additional parameter in provocative diagnostic tests and medical imaging techniques for the detection of SLAP lesions accompanying Bankart lesions.III retrospective case-control study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Epiploic appendagitis (EA) may develop as a result of torsion of appendix epiploicae. EA affect the colon and is confused with other acute abdominal pathology. We present misdiagnosed ischemic epiploic appendagitis that present at the vermiform appendix. Case: A 63 years-old patient presented with the complaint of abdominal pain. She had right lower quadrant pain, tenderness and rebound tenderness. Then, increased white blood cell(WBC) count (13300 cells/μL). We conform to the emergency abdominal surgery (Appendectomy). During the operation an ischemic and gangrenous appendix epilploica that present at the vermiform appendix was observed. Then, appendectomy was performed with attached infarcted appendix epiploica. Conclusion: Case with ischemic epiploic appendagitis that present at the vermiform appendix may be confused with other acute abdomen clinique. Surgeons should be aware of this self-limiting disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2D:4D ratio (an indicator of prenatal testosterone-estrogen balance) is the ratio of the second finger length to the fourth finger length. We hypothesized that low 2D:4D values indicating high prenatal testosterone exposure may be associated with increased critical shoulder angle (CSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CSA and 2D:4D ratio. Meeting the study criteria, 252 patients were included in the study. We measured CSA on true anterior-posterior radiographs, glenoid version(GV) and glenoid inclination(GI) on MRI images and the lengths of the second and fourth fingers on both hands of the patients. Additionally, we compared 2D:4D ratios and CSA, GV, GI measurements. We found a significant negative correlation between CSA and the 2D:4D ratio in both hands (p < 0.001). Patients with CSA > 35° had a significantly lower 2D:4D ratio than patients with CSA < 35° (p < 0.001). When the patients were grouped according to CSA35°, the cut-off value for the left-hand 2D:4D ratio was 0.96, which showed 84.8 % sensitivity and 83.3 % specificity(AUC:0.911). Patients were compared in terms of CSA by categorizing as 2D:4D > 1 and 2D:4D < 1. Accordingly, the CSA value was significantly lower in patients with 2D:4D > 1. In the classification made according to this length classification of the left hand, the cut-off value was 30.25°. This value showed 92.2 % sensitivity and 85 % specificity(AUC:0.956). The 2D:4D ratio is related to CSA. A low 2D:4D ratio(<0.96), indicating high intrauterine testosterone exposure, is associated with CSA > 35°, while a high 2D:4D ratio (>1), indicating low intrauterine testosterone exposure, is associated with a low CSA(<30.25°). • There is a negative correlation between 2D:4D ratio and critical shoulder angle. • A low 2D:4D ratio is associated with a high critical shoulder angle. • Low 2D:4D ratio may be a risk factor for diseases associated with high critical shoulder angle (e.g. rotator cuff tear). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The anabolic effects of vitamin D on bone tissue have been demonstrated in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between greater tuberosity primary bone marrow edema (GTPBMO) and vitamin D levels. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐nine patients (22 females and 17 males; mean age 49.02 ± 13.08 years) with isolated GTPBMO between March 2016 and March 2018 were included in the study. Sixty patients (34 females and 26 males; mean age 43.45 ± 12.61 years) who did not have any shoulder complaints and fulfilled the study criteria were selected as the control group. Both groups were compared in terms of vitamin D levels. Results: The mean vitamin D level was 13.43 ± 9.02 ng/mL in the GTPBMO group. In contrast, mean vitamin D level was 21.54 ± 8.03 ng/mL in the control group (p < 0.001). In the GTPBMO group, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 31 (79.5%) patients, vitamin D insufficiency was detected in 5 (12.8%) patients, and vitamin D levels were normal in 3 (7.7%) patients. In the control group, vitamin D deficiency was detected in 29 (48.3%) patients, vitamin D insufficiency was detected in 16 (26.7%) patients, and vitamin D levels were normal in 15 (25%) patients. Conclusion: The etiology of GTPBMO has not yet been fully understood, but the results obtained in this study show that vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with GTPBMO. The findings suggest that low vitamin D levels may be one of the contributing factors in the etiology of GTPBMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gravity separation methods were applied to recover metals from jewellery waste. • Precious metals were further recovered from shaking table's tailings by flotation. • A concentrate with 571 g/t Au and 5707 g/t Ag was obtained. • High metal recoveries for precious metals were found as 92%. • A feasible and simple concentration method was proposed. The recovery of precious metals can be successfully managed from waste which is considered to be secondary sources of raw material. Waste derived from jewelry activity falls in this category, and represents an essential component of precious metals. The most important metals in the jewelry sector are gold (Au) and silver (Ag). As a result of workmanship, the thin metals, jewel parts and metallic powders are generated and the dust produced from jewelry workshops is of great importance. This paper describes the concentration and recovery of Au and Ag from floor sweeping waste at jewelry workshops by physical (shaking table, multi gravity separator (MGS), Knelson and Falcon concentrators) and physicochemical methods (froth flotation). Experimental results demonstrated that the gravity beneficiation methods were effective for eliminating much of the waste matrix. A heavy fraction with 701 g/t Au and 6017 g/t Ag content was obtained from a feed assaying 183 g/t Au and 1835 g/t Ag by shaking table separator. For enhanced beneficiation, the middling's from tabling were subjected to centrifugal separator and Ag grade increased from 848 g/t to 7812 g/t. Au and Ag fractions discharged in tailings from gravity and centrifugal separations were successfully concentrated using froth flotation and led to a total recovery around 92% both for Au and Ag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wound ballistics focus on the treatment methods of gunshot injuries by developing on the personal ballistic protection equipment and increasing the effectiveness of ammunition. The scientific studies of Dr. Theodor Kocher are the initial origin of the modern wound ballistics, and also he formed the basis for the international the international war law with his studies. The modern wound ballistics is a common field of study of law, ballistics, and medicine. Because of this interdisciplinary structure, the science of wound ballistics works together with working groups which constitutes of various scientific field experts and specialized institutes. In this study, three basic mechanisms of gunshot wounds are emphasized; Penetration, Temporary Cavity (Blast Effect) and Fragmentation. Penetration is the first and basic effect of bullet and shrapnel on the tissues. A projectile must be hit by a velocity that can exceed the elasticity limit of the tissue to penetrate the tissue. This impact velocity is called "Threshold Velocity". In order for the target to be incapacitation, the projectile must penetrate the tissue and open the cavity at least 30 cm in length. The sum of the threshold velocities of each of the tissue is a "Critical Velocity". To calculate the critical velocity, the threshold velocities of each tissue should be calculated separately on the projectile and tissue that is along the cavity. The second important mechanism of gunshot injury is the Temporal Cavity resulting from the Blast effect. The amount of kinetic energy that a projectile transfers to tissues along the cavity determines the scale of the blast effect. Blast effect constitutes the main difference between the high kinetic energy rifle bullet and handgun bullet injuries. This difference is critical in the treatment of gunshot wounds and the design of ballistic protective equipment. The third firearm injury mechanism covered in this study is Fragmentation. The severity of the injury increases due to the fragmentation of the projectile outside the tissue or within the tissue. The effectiveness of treatment in firearm injuries will increase and ballistic protection technologies will be improved by analysing these mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values of coefficient alpha from previously published studies for men (.55 and.63) and women (.47 and.51) are lower (.54 and.59) than the recommended value (.70). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Values of coefficient alpha from previously published studies for men (.55 and .63) and women (47 and 51) are lower (.54 and .59) than the recommended value (.70). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research utilizes the Diebold and Yilmaz spillover model to examine the correlation between geopolitical events, natural disasters, and oil stock returns in Asian OPEC+ member countries. The study extends prior research by investigating the dynamics of the Asian OPEC+ oil market in light of recent exogenous events. The analysis commences by creating a self-generated Asian OPEC+ index, which demonstrates significant volatility, as indicated by GARCH (1, 1) model estimation. The results obtained from the Diebold and Yilmaz spillover test indicate that, on average, there is a moderate degree of connectedness among the variables. However, in the event of global-level shocks or shocks specifically affecting Asian OPEC+ countries, a heightened level of connectedness is found. Prominent instances of spillover events observed in the volatility analysis conducted during the previous decade include the COVID-19 pandemic, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and the Turkey earthquake of 2023. Based on the facts, it is recommended that investors take into account the potential risks linked to regions that are susceptible to natural calamities and geopolitical occurrences while devising their portfolios for oil stocks. The results further highlight the significance of integrating these aspects into investors' decision-making procedures and stress the need for risk management tactics that consider geopolitical risks and natural disasters in the oil equity market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]