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Introduction: Adiponectin is a potent vascular protective molecule. Recent findings have suggested adiponectin resistance during early diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible remain unidentified. Here, we took an unbiased approach to identify whether hyperlipidemic plasma molecules exist that bind and inhibit adiponectin function, contributing to adiponectin resistance and diabetic vascular injury. Methods: Adult rats were randomly assigned to receive either a normal or a high‐fat diet for 8 weeks. Plasma was co‐immunoprecipitated with anti‐APN antibody and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The APN binding molecules and their effect upon APN biological activity were determined. Results: As expected, the high‐fat‐diet increased plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein. Importantly, the circulating APN level was significantly increased at this time point. Mass spectrometry identified 18 proteins with increased APN binding in hyperlipidemic plasma, among which four proteins critical in lipid metabolism, including apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), APOA4, APOC1, and paraoxonase 1, were further investigated. Incubating recombinant APN with APOA1 markedly (P < 0.01), and incubating with APOC1 significantly (P < 0.05), inhibited APN activity as evidenced by the reduced AMPK activation in HUVECs. APOA4 and paraoxonase 1 incubation had no effect upon APN activity. Finally, plasma APOA1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in hyperlipidemic plasma compared with the control plasma. Conclusions: It was demonstrated for the first time that increased APOA1 and APOC1 in hyperlipidemic plasma binds and inhibits APN activity. This result not only identifies a novel molecular mechanism responsible for adiponectin resistance during early stage diabetes, but also provides additional new insight into the diverse/controversial (protective and harmful) functions of high‐density lipoprotein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We conducted a retrospective case–control study to investigate the risk factors for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: The clinical data of patients diagnosed with RA at Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected and evaluated. Twenty‐two patients with ONFH were identified. Eighty‐eight age‐, sex‐, and disease duration‐matched RA patients without symptomatic ONFH were randomly selected as controls in a ratio of 1:4. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. Results: The anticardiolipin (ACL)‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, clinical disease activity index, simplified disease activity index, incidence of hyperlipidemia in the case group were higher than those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not find the independent risk factor in ONFH patients with RA. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of ONFH in RA is related to many factors such as ACL IgG, disease activity index, and hyperlipidemia. While, we went to great lengths to explore the relationship between antiphospholipid antibodies and ONFH, but it plays a very small role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the variations of the westerly jets (WJs) during the Last Interglacial (~ 127 ka; LIG) aids in deciphering the reconstructed hydrological conditions and dust activities at that time. Here, we investigated variations of the WJs over the Northern Hemisphere during the LIG based on the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 4. We demonstrated that WJs exhibited divergent responses across regions and seasons during the LIG. In summer, WJs over the African–Asian–Pacific regions moved poleward by ~ 5° and weakened by 19% during the LIG, whereas there was only a slight change (+ 1°/− 2%) over the North American–Atlantic regions. In contrast, the winter WJs over the North American–Atlantic regions shifted poleward by ~ 2° and weakened by 7%, but with no obvious responses (− 0.2°/− 0.8%) over the African–Asian–Pacific regions. The WJs variations were linked to changes in meridional temperature gradients and maximum eddy growth rates. Furthermore, the poleward shift and weakening of the WJs over the East Asian–Pacific regions in summer resulted from the anomalous anticyclone triggered by the deep warm center over East Siberia and the anomalous cyclone linked with diabatic cooling over the western tropical Pacific. For the poleward-displaced and depressed WJs over the North American–Atlantic regions in winter, the propagation of Rossby waves from the eastern Pacific played a more important role, compared with the effect of tropical heating. Our work highlights divergent responses of the WJs to orbital forcing during the LIG, which helps to decipher the reconstructed westerlies-related processes and hence to obtain a better understanding of the climate change during this orbitally induced warm period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C20H22Cu3N8O10, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 12.0766(11) Å, b = 16.2778(14) Å, c = 14.7605(13) Å, β = 97.8580(10)∘, V = 2874.4(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0420, wRref (F2) = 0.0988, T = 298.15 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • RuNi 1 Co 1 alloy nanoparticles embedded in the hollow carbon tubes with a mosaic structure was prepared. • The DFT calculations indicate that the addition of Ru could optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy of Ni and Co sites. • RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT exhibits considerable HER and OER activities, and a low cell voltage was required for the overall water splitting system. • RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT || RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT overall water splitting system can be driven by a solar panel, which realized green and sustainable hydrogen production. The development of efficient bifunctional catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for reducing the cost of hydrogen production by water splitting. Herein, hollow microtubes composed of RuNi 1 Co 1 alloy nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the carbon matrix (RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT) are prepared through a simple impregnation followed by reduction. Benefiting from the unique mosaic structure and the synergistic effect between Ru and NiCo, RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT achieves more exposed active sites and improved reaction kinetics. As a consequence, RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT exhibits considerable catalytic activities with the overpotentials of 78 mV for HER and 299 mV for OER at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH. In addition, RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT exhibits excellent stability for up to 30 h in both HER and OER processes at 20 mA cm−2, which is attributed to the protection of the RuNi 1 Co 1 alloy particles by the carbon layer. Furthermore, the assembled RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT || RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT overall water splitting system shows a cell voltage of 1.58 V at 10 mA cm−2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the addition of Ru can optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy of Ni and Co sites. Finally, a solar panel-driven water splitting device is built, which can realize green and sustainable hydrogen production. The fabrication of RuNi 1 Co 1 @CMT provides a new way for the preparation of effective alloy nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vibration characteristics of a rigid-flexible coupling spacecraft with double-direction hinged solar arrays are studied. The Kirchhoff plate theory is adopted to derive the governing equations. The Chebyshev polynomials are introduced as admissible functions to construct the dynamic model of each solar panel. The Lagrange multiplier method is employed to describe the continuity conditions of the flexible hinges. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to obtain the natural frequencies and rigid-flexible coupling global mode shapes. The validity of the present method is verified by comparing with the ANSYS results. Then, detailed studies are carried out to illustrate the effects of the inertia moment of the central rigid body, hinges stiffness, and aspect ratio of solar panels on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the spacecraft. The results demonstrate that there exist a series of frequency veering and mode shift phenomena due to the variation of inertia moment, hinges stiffness, and aspect ratio. The inertia moment of the central rigid body plays a significant role in the attitude motion of the central rigid body. Finally, the mode localization factor is introduced to compare the mode localization degrees of three types of spacecraft. Results reveal that the longer the length of chord-wise direction solar panels, the more severe mode localization degree. • The dynamical model of rigid-flexible coupling spacecraft with double-direction hinged solar arrays is established. • Improved continuity conditions for the flexible hinges are proposed. • Effect of inertia moment of central rigid body is revealed. • The mode localization, frequency veering, and mode shift phenomena are discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we review the current status of the phenomenological study of quarkonium production in high-energy collisions. After a brief introduction of several important models and effective field theories for quarkonium production, we discuss the comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems poses a significant health concern to soil environment, yet the environmental effects of plastics remains largely unexplored. Biodegradable plastics could offer a viable alternative to conventional persistent plastics, but our understanding of their potential benefits or detrimental effects on the decomposition of plant debris by soil biomass is limited. In this study, we conducted a year-long field experiment to examine the environmental response and impact on plant debris decomposition in the presence of varying quantities of persistent versus biodegradable plastics. Our findings indicate that the decomposition rate decreased by 2.8–4.9% for persistent plastics, while it increased by 1.3–4.2% for biodegradable plastics. Persistent plastics primarily induced adverse effects, including a reduction in soil nutrients, microbial diversity, bioturbation, enzyme activity, easily decomposable carbon, and microbial biomass carbon in plant debris. In contrast, biodegradable plastics resulted in beneficial effects such as an increase in enzyme activity, microbial biomass carbon, and easily decomposable carbon. We also observed that the decomposition rate of plant residues and nutrient release are closely associated with changes in the organic carbon chemical structure induced by different plastic film fragments. A significant shift in alkoxy carbon content facilitated the release of nutrients and soluble carbon, while modifications in carboxyl and aromatic carbon content hindered their release. Overall, our study reveals over one year that biodegradable plastics primarily induce positive effects on the decomposition of soil organic matter. [Display omitted] • PPF and BPF remnants exert contrasting impacts on the soil environment. • BPF promote the decomposition of plant debris. • Nutrient release is intimately tied to alterations in its organic carbon structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The antibiotics were not detected in grains and heavy metals did not exceed limits. • MRGs ruvB and acn , and ARGs sul1 and sul2 were the dominating resistant genes. • Co-selection may serve as a potential mechanism for resistance maintenance. • MRG CzcA and ARG sul1 can be recommended as model genes to study the co-selection. • Proteobacteria were the most influential hosts for MRG, ARG, and integrons. Secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation may introduce residual antibiotics into the agricultural systems contaminated with certain heavy metals, ultimately leading to the coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals. The coexistence may induce synergistic resistance to both in the microbial community. Here, we investigated the effects of long-term municipal-treated irrigation for rice on the microbiome and resistome. The results showed that the target antibiotics were undetectable in edible grains, and the heavy metal concentrations did not exceed the standard in edible rice grains. Heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) ruvB and acn antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) sul1 and sul2 were the dominating resistant genes. The coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals affected the microbial community and promoted metal and antibiotic resistance. Network analysis revealed that Proteobacteria were the most influential hosts for MRGs, ARGs, and integrons, and co-selection may serve as a potential mechanism for resistance maintenance. MRG czcA and ARG sul1 can be recommended as model genes to study the co-selection of ARGs and MRGs in environments. The obtained results highlight the importance of considering the co-occurrence of heavy metals and antibiotics while developing effective methods to prevent the transmission of ARGs. These findings are critical for assessing the possible human health concerns associated with secondary municipal-treated wastewater irrigation for agriculture and improving the understanding of the coexistence of heavy metals and antibiotics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dynamic model of shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field is developed. • Three-dimensional displacement fields for both shaft and disk are considered. • Temperature-dependent material properties are considered. • Present model can effectively predict vibrations of shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field. • Effect of non-uniform temperature field is related to the rotational speed and disk location. Research on vibrations of shaft-disk rotors in non-uniform thermal field is essential for the design of rotating machinery. In this paper, the dynamic model of axially loaded thin-walled shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field is developed, considering three-dimensional displacement fields of the shaft and disk. This model introduces the temperature-dependent properties of materials, and gyroscopic and centrifugal effects. Based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the Kirchhoff plate theory, Lagrange's equation is used to derive the differential equations of motion. By comparing with the results of the existing reference and finite element results, the accuracy of the present model is verified. The effects of the axial displacement of shaft, temperature-dependent material property, temperature difference, temperature distribution, disk position and axial preload on the free vibration of shaft-disk rotors are discussed. Results show that the present model can effectively predict free vibrations of shaft-disk rotors in axial non-uniform temperature field. The effect of thermal field on vibrations of shaft-disk rotors is affected by the rotational speed and disk location as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO has good HER activity in both acidic and alkaline media. • The CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1) nanosheets uniformly decorate the rGO matrix. • DFT results verify CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1) heterostructure owns small band gap and ΔG H*. • The rGO matrix and heterojunction structure improve the electronic conductivity. It is important to develop novel energy to solve energy shortage and environmental problems. Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is envisaged as a viable technology that can be used to develop sustainable clean energy. Herein, we report a catalyst with CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 heterostructure grown on reduced graphene oxide with an optimum Co/Mo proportion of 1:1 (CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO). It exhibits good HER activities in both acidic and alkaline conditions. The CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO shows an overpotential of 107 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 56 mV dec−1 under acidic condition. Meanwhile, CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO also presents an overpotential of 182 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and with a Tafel slope of 89 mV dec−1 under alkaline condition. These impressive performances of the catalyst are mainly due to the excellent electronic transmission capability of rGO and the abundant active sites of CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 heterostructure as well as the optimized hydrogen adsorption energy of CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 interface. The design of CoSe 2 -MoSe 2 (1–1)/rGO provides a meaningful guide for manufacturing electrode in energy storage and conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fangcang hospitals, as tentative hospitals built to treat a huge turnover of patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, have played a pivotal role to slow down the pandemic spread in China in 2020. However, anxiety and sleep disorders remain tough to address during the treatments. In this study, group psychological intervention in combination with pulmonary rehabilitation exercises were conducted in the trial group for the patients with mild COVID-19 infections in a Fangcang Hospital to mitigate the patients' anxiety and sleep disorders, while conventional nursing methods were done in the control group, with 70 randomly picked patients in each group. Effects were assessed through questionnaire method using state anxiety questionnaire (SAI) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PQSI) rating investigation. Results showed that both SAI and PSQI scores of the trial group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The SAI scores of the trial group and the control group were 38.5 ± 13.2 and 45.8 ± 10.4 points (t = 3.600, P < 0.001), respectively, and the PSQI scores were 5.6 ± 3.0 and 7.1 ± 3.0 points (t = 2.982, P < 0.01), respectively. Our methods have significant advantages over conventional nursing methods to mitigate anxiety and sleep disorders for the patients with mild COVID-19 infections in the Fangcang Hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A black hole (BH) hyperaccretion system might be born after the merger of a BH and a neutron star (NS) or a binary NS (BNS). In the case of a high mass accretion rate, the hyperaccretion disk is in a state of neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) and emits numerous anisotropic MeV neutrinos. Only a small fraction of these neutrinos annihilates in the space outside of the disk and then launches ultrarelativistic jets that break away from the merger ejecta to power gamma-ray bursts. Mergers and their remnants are generally considered sources of gravitational waves (GWs), neutrinos, and kilonovae. Anisotropic neutrino emission and anisotropic high-velocity material outflows from central BHâ€"NDAF systems can also trigger strong GWs and luminous disk-outflow-driven (DOD) kilonovae, respectively. In this paper, the anisotropic multimessenger signals from NDAFs with outflows, including DOD kilonovae, MeV neutrinos, and GWs, are presented. According to the results, the typical AB magnitude of the DOD kilonovae is lower than that of astronomical transient AT 2017gfo at the same distance, and it decreases with increasing viewing angles and its anisotropy is not sensitive to the outflow mass distribution but mainly determined by the velocity distribution. Since neutrinos with ≳10 MeV are mainly produced in the inner region of the disk, they will be dramatically deflected to a large viewing angle by relativity effects. Moreover, the strains of GWs induced by anisotropic neutrinos increase with increasing viewing angles. The accumulation of multimessenger detection of the BNS/BHâ€"NS mergers with different viewing angles might further verify the existence of NDAFs with outflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brewing water plays a crucial role in flavor and potential healthy functions of tea infusion. In this study, seven water samples with different physicochemical properties were selected to brew green tea. Results showed that the brewing water with higher minerals level and pH value would reduce the yield of catechins in tea infusion, which in turn caused the decrease of antioxidant activity to a large extent. Besides, it was found that EGCG, as a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of green tea infusion, was influenced differently by different metal ions, among which Ca2+/Mg2+ could enhance the antioxidant activity of EGCG solutions with different concentration through synergistic effect, particularly Ca2+, and the effect was more markable at a higher EGCG concentration. These results offered theoretical direction to the selection of tea brewing water for consumers and gave a new sight to the effects of metal ions on the antioxidant capacity of EGCG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain W712T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Nicotiana tabacum L. collected from Kunming, south-west China. Cells were Gram-staining negative, aerobic, motile and rod shaped. The isolate grew at 20–45 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of up to 3.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1%, w/v). Ubiquinone-10 was the only respiratory quinone type. Polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmehtylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid. The major fatty acids were detected as summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c or C18:1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c or C16:1 ω6c) and C18:1 2OH. The genomic DNA G + C content was 68.7%. The ANI values were 94.3%, 93.3% and 93.6% between Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245T, Azospirillum brasilense ATCC 49958T, Azospirillum formosense CC-Nfb-7T and strain W712T, respectively, which were lower than the prokaryotic species delineation threshold of 95.0–96.0%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between A. baldaniorum Sp245T, A. brasilense ATCC 49958T, A. formosense CC-Nfb-7T and strain W712T indicated that the candidate represents a novel genomic species. According to the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we propose that strain W712T warrants the assignment to a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum tabaci sp. nov. (type strain W712T = CGMCC 1.18567T = KCTC 82186T) is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the free vibration of a spinning functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced metal foam (FG-GPLRMF) beam. The differential transformation method is extended to analyze flap-wise bending vibration and chordwise bending vibration with Coriolis force effect for the first time. The beam is modeled using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The Halpin–Tsai micromechanics model is utilized to predict effective material properties. Various types of graphene platelet (GPL) and porosity distributions are considered. The governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions of the FG-GPLRMF beam are obtained via Hamilton's principle. Results show that the vibration characteristics of the FG-GPLRMF beam are affected by the GPL geometry size, types of porosity, and GPL distributions. Among different types of porosity, the Porosity-A causes the highest fundamental natural frequency, while the Porosity-B corresponds to the lowest one of the spinning FG-GPLRMF beam in most cases. Moreover, the GPL pattern and porosity distribution have a coupled effect on the bending vibration of the spinning FG-GPLRMF beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to perform free vibration and buckling analyses of circular cylindrical shells made of three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam. Three kinds of porosity distribution are considered including two kinds of symmetrical distribution and uniform distribution. The Kirchhoff-Love shell theory is utilized to establish the mathematical model of 3D graphene foam (3D-GF) shells. Natural frequencies and buckling loads of the shells under various boundary conditions are obtained via the Rayleigh-Ritz method in conjunction with Chebyshev polynomials. Results show that the mechanical characteristics of the 3D-GF shells are significantly affected by the porosity coefficient and porosity distribution. Moreover, the effect of porosity coefficient is closely related to boundary conditions of the shells. It is also shown that as the porosity coefficient increases, the porosity distribution effect on the mechanical characteristics of 3D-GF shells becomes increasingly significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of the background-eliminated extinction-parallax (BEEP) method is examining the extinction difference between on- and off-cloud regions to reveal the extinction jump caused by molecular clouds, thereby revealing the distance in complex dust environments. The BEEP method requires high-quality images of molecular clouds and high-precision stellar parallaxes and extinction data, which can be provided by the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) CO survey and the Gaia DR2 catalog, as well as supplementary A V extinction data. In this work, the BEEP method is further improved (BEEP-II) to measure molecular cloud distances in a global search manner. Applying the BEEP-II method to three regions mapped by the MWISP CO survey, we collectively measured 238 distances for 234 molecular clouds. Compared with previous BEEP results, the BEEP-II method measures distances efficiently, particularly for those molecular clouds with large angular size or in complicated environments, making it suitable for distance measurements of molecular clouds in large samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regardless of the rapid advance on perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), the lack of long‐term operational stability hinders the practicality of this technology. Particularly, thermal management is indispensable to control the Joule heating induced by charge transport and parasitic re‐absorption of internally confined photons. Herein, a synergetic device architecture is proposed for minimizing the optical energy losses in PeLEDs toward high efficiency and long lifetime. By adopting a carefully modified perovskite emitter in combination with an improved light outcoupling structure, red PeLEDs emitting at 666 nm achieve a peak external quantum efficiency of 21.2% and an operational half‐lifetime of 4806.7 h for an initial luminance of 100 cd m‐2. The enhanced light extraction from trapped modes can efficiently reduce the driving current and suppress optical energy losses in PeLEDs, which in turn ameliorate the heat‐induced device degradation during operation. This work paves the way toward high‐performance PeLEDs for display and lighting applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An axion insulator is theoretically introduced to harbor unique surface states with half-integer Chern number C . Recently, experimental progress has been made in different candidate systems, while a unique Hall response to directly reflect the half-integer Chern number is still lacking to distinguish an axion state from other possible insulators. Here we show that the C = 1 2 axion state corresponds to a topological state with Chern number N = 1 in the Majorana basis. In proximity to an s − wave superconductor, a topological phase transition to an N = 0 phase takes place at critical superconducting pairing strength. Our theoretical analysis shows that a chiral Majorana hinge mode emerges at the boundary of N = 1 and N = 0 regions on the surface of an axion insulator. Furthermore, we propose a half-integer quantized thermal Hall conductance via a thermal transport measurement, which is a signature of the gapless chiral Majorana mode and thus confirms the C = 1 2 (N = 1 ) topological nature of an axion state. Our proposals help to theoretically comprehend and experimentally identify the axion insulator and may benefit the research of topological quantum computation. In topological condensed-matter systems, axion insulators are elusive excitation and active research in running to spot their signature. In this work, the authors theoretically propose a picture to characterize the surface of axion insulators and a possible detection scheme for thermal transport experiments with a precisely half-quantized outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the wave propagation characteristics of buried pipes conveying viscous flowing fluid under axisymmetric wave motion, where the coupling pipe–soil and pipe–fluid effects are both taken into account. The fluid was assumed to be viscous, isotropic, and irrotational. The coupled equations of wave motion were obtained based on Love's thin shell theory. The analytical fluid-dominated (s=1) wave dispersion relations of buried fluid-conveying pipes are given. In addition, studies were carried out to scrutinize the effects of the soil, flow velocity, fluid viscosity, fluid mass density, and pipe geometry on wave propagation of buried fluid-conveying pipes. Results show that the higher fluid velocity can lead to larger phase velocity and smaller wave attenuation in buried pipes. In addition, viscous fluid leads to larger wave attenuation compared with ideal fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmic metals are widely believed to be produced by supernovae (SNe) and compact-object mergers. Here, we discuss the nucleosynthesis of neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs) with outflows in the centers of core-collapse SNe (CCSNe), and show that the outflows from NDAFs can have a significant contribution to the 56Ni abundances of faint explosions if the masses of the progenitor stars are within about 25â€"50 M ⊙. Less-massive progenitor stars can produce more 56Ni than their more-massive counterparts in the NDAF outflow nucleosynthesis channel. Therefore, we find that the total (i.e., CCSNe and NDAF outflows) 56Ni mass per CCSN depends only weakly upon the mass of the progenitor star. In terms of metallicity evolution, the ratio of 56Fe (produced by the decay of 56Ni) mass to the initial total gas mass can increase by ∼1.95 times if the upper limits of the nucleosynthesis yields from NDAF outflows and CCSNe are considered. Our results might have significant implications for the chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment optimized the extraction process of flavonoids from the branches and leaves of Tamarix ramosissima and determined the oxidation activity. On the basis of single factor and orthogonal test, the optimum technological parameters of ultrasonic extraction of flavonoids were determined, and the total reducibility and DPPH· and OH· scavenging ability of flavonoids were determined. The results showed that under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 100 W, 60% ethanol, 40 °C, ultrasonic for 40 min and three cycles, the average yield of total flavonoids in wild Tamarix ramosissima was 38.727 mg/g, which has a good scavenging ability for DPPH· and OH·. The experiment indicates the optimized process has higher yield of total flavonoids, and the flavonoid has better anti-oxidant ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Star worship is an ever-growing phenomenon around the globe. Across various social media platforms in China, a new idol–fan relationship model has emerged, such that the fans have stepped up from merely worshipping the idols to being able to co-cultivate their idols, including their public images, the scope of their work, and even their personal lives. Based on a grounded theory approach, this study utilized text analysis and in-depth interviews to explore parakin relationships between fans and idols and proposed a dual motivation model to explain the motivations of fans for forming such a relationship. The findings extend current fandom literature by exploring a new front of fan–idol interactions in the context of social media. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of para‐substituents in the ethylene (E) copolymerization with 1‐decene (DC), 1‐dodecene (DD), and with 2‐methyl‐1‐pentene (2M1P) using a series of Cp*TiCl2(O‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐R‐C6H2) [R=H (1), tBu (2), Ph (3), CHPh2 (4), CPh3 (5), SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7), and newly prepared 4‐tBuC6H4 (8) and 3,5‐Me2C6H3 (9)]‐MAO catalyst systems has been studied. The activities in these copolymerization reactions were affected by the para‐substituent, and the SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7) and 3,5‐Me2C6H3 (9) analogues showed the higher activities at 50 °C in the E copolymerization reactions with DC (1.06–1.44×106 kg‐polymer/mol‐Ti⋅h), DD (1.04–1.88×106 kg‐polymer/mol‐Ti⋅h) than the others, whereas no significant differences were observed in the comonomer incorporations. Complexes 6 and 7 also showed the higher activities at 50 °C in the E/2M1P copolymerization, and the 2M1P incorporation was affected by the para‐substituent and the polymerization temperature; complex 9 showed better 2M1P incorporation at 25 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decades, N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed reactions have emerged as a versatile tool in synthetic chemistry. In particular, NHC‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction has been significantly developed in many respects, including new reaction development and mechanistic investigation. This concept article presents recent advances towards direct cross‐coupling reactions of aldehydes with alkyl halides enabled by NHC organocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pine needles are rich in many nutrients and exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant biological activities; however, the effects of different production methods of pine needle additives on the growth performance and intestinal flora of broiler chickens are not known. Methods: Normal diets were supplemented with pine needle fermentation juice (PNF), pine needle soaking juice (PNS), or pine needle powder (PNP), and the associated effects on growth performance, relative organ weights, intestinal development, intestinal histological morphology, intestinal flora, meat quality, and serum indicators in broiler chickens were observed. Results: The results showed that PNF, PNS, and PNP all significantly improved feed utilisation and promoted the growth and development of broilers. All three additives also significantly improved the structure of the intestinal flora, specifically increasing the diversity of bacteria; increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Rikenella, and Blautia; and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Staphylococcus. The antioxidant properties of pine needles were also found to intensify lipid metabolic reactions in the blood, thus leading to lower triglycerides and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, high doses of PNF reduced jejunum and ileum weights and also increased meat yellowness. Lastly, none of PNF, PNS, or PNP had an effect on relative organ weights or intestinal histological morphology. Conclusion: The addition of pine needles to the diet of broiler chickens can effectively promote their growth performance as well as improve their intestinal flora and serum status without side effects; in particular, the dose of 0.2% of either PNF and PNS is expected to have the capacity to replace growth-promoting antibiotics as diet additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been known as the most widely used light source in lighting and displays for more than 60 years. There is still room for progress in the performance of LEDs, especially since the current devices with various types of different light-emitting layer materials have converged to unity in terms of internal quantum efficiency, and there is an urgent need to improve the light extraction efficiency. Metasurfaces (MSs) have received attention from researchers as structures that can be integrated with LEDs to efficiently modulate the phase and amplitude of light through resonance and scattering, which can reduce light loss. This paper reviews the development of metasurfaces in LEDs so far. The different working mechanisms of metasurfaces composed of different materials are first analyzed in depth. Subsequently, three aspects of light extraction, angle change, and polarization modulation are described in detail according to different applications of metasurfaces in LEDs. Finally, the current status of metasurface applications in LEDs is summarized, and the future development prospects are envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a non-empty set X denote the full transformation semigroup on X by T(X) and suppose that σ is an equivalence relation on X. For every f ∈ T (X) , the kernel of f is defined to be ker f = { (x , y) ∈ X × X ∣ f (x) = f (y) } . Evidently, E (X , σ) = { f ∈ T (X) ∣ σ ⊆ ker f } is a subsemigroup of T(X). Also, the subset R E (X , σ) of E (X , σ) consisting of regular elements is a subsemigroup. Partition of a semigroup by Green's ∗ -relations was first introduced by Fountain in 1979 and the Green's ∼ -relations (with respect to a non-empty subset U of the set of idempotents) as a new method of partition were introduced by Lawson (J Algebra 141(2):422–462, 1991). In this paper, we intend to present certain characterizations of these two sets of Green's relations of the semigroup E (X , σ) . This investigation proves that the semigroup E (X , σ) is always a right Ehresmann semigroup. Finally, we prove that R E (X , σ) is an orthodox semigroup if and only if the set X consists of at most two σ -classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new method to construct low-dimensional quantum devices consisting of the magnetic topological insulators. Unlike previous systems based on locally depleting two-dimensional electron gas in semiconductor heterojunctions, magnetization provides a simpler and rewriteable fabrication way. The motion of electrons can be manipulated through the domain wall formed by the boundary between different magnetic domains. Here, three devices designed by local magnetization are presented. For the quantum point contact, conductance exhibits quantized plateaus with the increasing silt width between two magnetic domains. For the quantum dot, conductance shows pronounced peaks as the change of gate voltage. Finally, for the Aharonov–Bohm ring, conductance oscillates periodically with the external magnetic field. Numerical results show that the transport of these local magnetization systems is identical to that of the previous systems based on depleting two-dimensional electron gas, and the only difference is the approach of construction. These findings may pave the way for realization of low-power-consumption devices based on magnetic domain walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the longstanding debate on geomorphological features (i.e., megaboulders, chevron‐shaped sand ridges, and runup deposits) observed around the Bahamas, it is unclear whether Earth experienced superstorms over the North Atlantic during the Last Interglacial (LIG). Based on multimodels from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project, we illustrate that the tropical North Atlantic exhibits an overall warming (∼0.9°C) during the storm season of the LIG relative to preindustrial. Potential intensity shows a zonal dipole anomaly over the main development region during the LIG, with positive anomalies in the west, offering an increased probability of extremely strong storms. Favorable conditions for storm formation shift from the eastern to the western main development region during the LIG, with enhanced large‐scale steering flows at higher latitudes (∼15 – 30°N). These results suggest a westward migration of storm activity during the LIG, with potentially more frequent and intense storms over the western North Atlantic and increased coastal erosions. Plain Language Summary: There is an ongoing debate on whether the North Atlantic experienced superstorms during the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129 – 116 ka)—the warmest interglacial of the last 800 ka and a warmer world comparable with the low‐end 21st‐century projections. From a climate perspective, here we assess whether large‐scale environmental conditions during the LIG support an increase in storm intensity over the North Atlantic. Despite an overall warming (∼0.9°C) over the North Atlantic, we illustrate that environmental conditions suggest a westward shift of potential tropical cyclone activity during the LIG, in tandem with enhanced large‐scale steering flows. These results highlight increased favorability for more frequent and stronger tropical cyclones developing over the western North Atlantic during the LIG, with coastal regions being more susceptible to storm strikes. Key Points: Storm season mean SST is 0.9°C higher over North Atlantic during the Last Interglacial (LIG) based on the multimodel ensemble meanPotential intensity shows a zonal dipole anomaly over the main developmental region (MDR) during the LIG, with positive (negative) anomalies over the western (eastern) MDRFavorable conditions for tropical cyclone genesis shift from the eastern to western MDR during the LIG, together with enhanced large‐scale steering flows [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Craniosynostosis, defined as premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, affects approximately 1 in every 2000–2500 live births. Sagittal craniosynostosis (CS), the most prevalent form of isolated craniosynostosis, is caused by interplay between genetic and perinatal environmental insults. However, the underlying details remain largely unknown. Methods: The proband (a female monochorionic twin diagnosed with CS), her healthy co-twin sister and parents were enrolled. Obstetric history was extracted from medical records. Genetic screening was performed by whole exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional annotation, conservation and structural analysis were predicted in public database. Phenotype data of Axin2 knockout mice was downloaded from The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC, http://www.mousephenotype.org). Results: Obstetric medical records showed that, except for the shared perinatal risk factors by the twins, the proband suffered additional persistent breech presentation and intrauterine growth restriction. We identified a heterozygous mutation of Axin2 (c.1181G > A, p.R394H, rs200899695) in monochorionic twins and their father, but not in the mother. This mutation is not reported in Asian population and results in replacement of Arg at residue 394 by His (p.R394H). Arg 394 is located at the GSK3β binding domain of Axin2 protein, which is highly conserved across species. The mutation was predicted to be potentially deleterious by in silico analysis. Incomplete penetrance of Axin2 haploinsufficiency was found in female mice. Conclusions: Axin2 (c.1181G > A, p.R394H, rs200899695) mutation confers susceptibility and perinatal risk factors trigger the occurrence of sagittal craniosynostosis. Our findings provide a new evidence for the gene-environment interplay in understanding pathogenesis of craniosynostosis in Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new three-connecting T-shaped ligand, (4-3′-pyridyl-,6-4′-carboxylphenyl)picolinic acid (H2L), was used to construct four coordination polymers: {[Mn(L)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (1), {[Cd(HL)(Cl)]·0.5H2O}n (2), [Co(L)(H2O)]n (3) and {[Ni(L)(H2O)2]·1.5H2O}n (4). Based on this T-shaped ligand, one 1D ladder chain (1) and two unique 2D bilayers (2 and 3) were constructed. Regardless of the three-connecting L2− ligand, 4 only consists of an infinite 2D network, in which two L2− ligands bridge two NiII centres, leading to a rhombic grid motif that is further connected to four adjacent rhombic grids, resulting in a 2D polymeric network. Interestingly, both 2 and 3 possess rhombic voids and exhibit CO2 gas adsorption features. Because coordination polymer 2 possesses a larger pore size (11.60 × 7.86 Å)/volume (16.7%) than that of 3 (11.53 × 7.65 Å/10.2%), 2 exhibits higher CO2 adsorption capacities at 273 K. Furthermore, the magnetic properties and photoluminescence have also been investigated. The present work provides a promising approach to design a new T-shaped ligand and construct various coordination polymers or metal–organic frameworks, and then to tune CO2 adsorption properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluctuations in the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC), a zonally oriented overturning cell across the tropical Pacific, can cause widespread climatic and biogeochemical perturbations. It remains unknown how the PWC developed during the Cenozoic era, with its substantial changes in greenhouse gases and continental positions. Through a suite of coupled model simulations on tectonic timescales, we demonstrate that the PWC was ∼38° broader and ∼5% more intense during the Early Eocene relative to present. As the climate cooled from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, the width of the PWC shrank, accompanied by an increase in intensity that was tied to the enhanced Pacific zonal temperature gradient. However, the locations of the western and eastern branches behave differently from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, with the western edge remaining steady with time due to the relatively stable geography of the western tropical Pacific; the eastern edge migrates westward with time as the South American continent moves northwest. A transition occurs in the PWC between the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene, manifested by an eastward shift (both the western and eastern edges migrate eastward by >12°) and weakening (by ∼22%), which we show here is linked with the closure of the tropical seaways. Moreover, our results suggest that rising CO2 favors a weaker PWC under the same land-sea configurations, a robust feature across the large spread of Cenozoic climates considered here, supporting a weakening of the PWC in a warmer future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of online game accelerators also induces them to become a medium for hackers to spread Trojan horses. In this paper, we propose a novel compartment model which considered the heterogeneity of online computer game players aiming to characterize the Trojan propagation. Specifically, we distinguish rational game players from impulsive game players in our model. The spreading threshold is obtained, and the global stability of equilibrium is also verified. Moreover, Trojan's control problem is studied by using Pontryagin's maximum principle. Numerical results confirm the stability of the system and the effectiveness of the optimal control strategy. Besides, more numerical results also show that some control strategies such as warning and caution should be taken at the very beginning of game player downloading the malicious accelerator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging surveys of CO and other molecular transition lines are fundamental to measuring the large-scale distribution of molecular gas in the Milky Way. Due to finite angular resolution and sensitivity, however, observational effects are inevitable in the surveys, but few studies are available on the extent of uncertainties involved. The purpose of this work is to investigate the dependence of observations on angular resolution (beam sizes), sensitivity (noise levels), distances, and molecular tracers. To this end, we use high-quality CO images of a large-scale region (25.°8 < l < 49.°7 and ∣b∣ < 5°) mapped by the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) survey as a benchmark to simulate observations with larger beam sizes and higher noise levels, deriving corresponding beam filling and sensitivity clip factors. The sensitivity clip factor is defined to be the completeness of observed flux. Taking the entire image as a whole object, we found that 12CO has the largest beam filling and sensitivity clip factors and C18O has the lowest. For molecular cloud samples extracted from images, the beam filling factor can be described by a characteristic size, l1/4 = 0.762 (in beam size), at which the beam filling factor is approximately 1/4. The sensitivity clip factor shows a similar relationship but is more correlated with the mean voxel signal-to-noise ratio of molecular clouds. This result may serve as a practical reference on beam filling and sensitivity clip factors in further analyses of the MWISP data and other observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum computers are in hot-spot with the potential to handle more complex problems than classical computers can. Realizing the quantum computation requires the universal quantum gate set {T, H, CNOT} so as to perform any unitary transformation with arbitrary accuracy. Here we first briefly review the Majorana fermions and then propose the realization of arbitrary two-qubit quantum gates based on chiral Majorana fermions. Elementary cells consist of a quantum anomalous Hall insulator surrounded by a topological superconductor with electric gates and quantum-dot structures, which enable the braiding operation and the partial exchange operation. After defining a qubit by four chiral Majorana fermions, the single-qubit T and H quantum gates are realized via one partial exchange operation and three braiding operations, respectively. The entangled CNOT quantum gate is performed by braiding six chiral Majorana fermions. Besides, we design a powerful device with which arbitrary two-qubit quantum gates can be realized and take the quantum Fourier transform as an example to show that several quantum operations can be performed with this space-limited device. Thus, our proposal could inspire further utilization of mobile chiral Majorana edge states for faster quantum computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery on pediatric metopic synostosis via an image-based 3D reconstruction in Chinese population. Methods: Thirty pediatric metopic synostosis patients who received fronto-orbital reconstruction surgery in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, from January 2007 to December 2018 were analyzed in the study. Here we use the Mimics 20.0 software to reconstruct patients' cranial thin-section CT scan images from pre- and post-operation and control groups. Then the data of intracranial volume, frontal volume, orbital hypertelorism, ECA, ZF, and ORA were analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. Results: The age of these patients was 15.83 ± 16.12 months. After surgery, the mean frontal volume was enlarged from 92.75 ± 26.97 to 138.62 ± 47.97 cm3 (P < 0.0001), and the intracranial volume was enhanced from 976.87 ± 230.83 to 1059.44 ± 217.98 cm3 (P < 0.0001). In the meantime, the ECA was changed from 108.02 ± 8.17 to 134 ± 5.59° (P < 0.0001). In line with the alteration of the parameters mentioned above, the head shapes in all patients were also significantly improved after the surgery with no obvious complications. Conclusion: Fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric metopic synostosis. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction could serve as a quantitative strategy to evaluate the efficacy of craniofacial surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dropping mechanism in the electrospinning process is elucidated. A moving jet becomes thinner at the initial stage due to the acceleration caused by the electrostatic force. When the jet diameter reaches a threshold, beyond which the jet breaks into drops and daughter jets, dropping occurs. The drops will finally form microspheres. Effects of applied voltage, flow rate, polymer's concentration, and receptor's distance on the dropping process are theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. This paper gives a general strategy for fabrication of smooth fiber, microspheres, and their mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smaller fibers are welcome in many applications due to larger surface area, but there is a threshold for smallest fibers for a fixed spinning system. In order to further improve surface area, hierarchical structure is considered in this paper using electrospinning. A bi-solvent system is used in our experiment for fast solvent evaporation. Unsmooth nanofibers are obtained, and the formation mechanism is elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To advance our understanding of the responses of tropical cyclones (TCs) to abrupt climate transitions, we investigate the variation of genesis potential and the underlying mechanisms during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) that is characterized by frequent millennial-scale oscillations, using a set of coupled model simulations. We illustrate that genesis potential mainly increases over the eastern North Pacific and South Pacific in the storm season during MIS 3 interstadial relative to preindustrial, whereas it decreases over the western North Pacific, North Atlantic, South Indian Ocean, and Australian coast. The relative importance of each genesis factor to genesis potential change varies across oceans. During the transition from warm interstadial to cold stadial induced by freshwater injection, TC genesis potential generally decreases in the Northern Hemisphere, while increases in the Southern Hemisphere. These changes are associated with asymmetric variations of genesis factors between Northern and Southern Hemisphere, which are further tied to the adjustment of large-scale environmental factors in response to the weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Additionally, TC genesis potential exhibits a regional "overshoot" phenomenon when the freshwater injection is terminated, manifested by an increase over the eastern North Pacific and North Atlantic and a decrease over the South Pacific, compared with the initial interstadial state. Our results may help improve our knowledge on past TC behaviors and shed lights on TC response to potential abrupt climate transitions in a warmer future. • The variations of genesis potential vary across oceans during MIS 3 interstadial. • Hemisphere-asymmetric response of genesis potential during warm–cold transition. • An "overshoot" phenomenon in genesis potential during climate transition recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new strategy is proposed for vibration control of flexible pendulums. • We introduce a flywheel to control flexible pendulum vibration. • The control method has robustness and is effective for nonlinear forced vibration. • An experiment platform is built to validate the proposed control strategy. Flexible inverted pendulums have found wide applications in mechanical systems, but their stability is susceptible to external disturbances. In this study, a new strategy that employs a flywheel to suppress vibration of flexible inverted pendulums is proposed. We develop the theoretical dynamic model of flexible pendulums with a flywheel by the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, where the axial displacement of the pendulum and geometric nonlinearities are considered. An active control method based on the Bézier trajectory is proposed, where the acceleration of the flywheel is set as the input. Additionally, the equivalent damping ratio of the system including flywheel's motion is derived. The relationship between the parameters in the control equation and the suppression effect is obtained through the simulation of the equivalent damping ratio. Then, an experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the present control strategy has good suppression effect on the vibration of the flexible inverted pendulums when selecting appropriate parameters. Meanwhile, the results of anti-disturbance test show that the present method has a certain robustness. Finally, the simulation results show that this strategy is also effective for nonlinear forced vibration under different excitation frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prolonged second stage of vaginal delivery increases the risk of shoulder dystocia, unnecessary episiotomies and cesarean sections. However, no standardized method has been proposed to tackle this issue. The effects of pelvic floor myofascial manipulation intervention during the second stage of labor in primiparas and its prognostic value in neonatal postpartum outcomes remain unknown. In the present study, a total of 60 primiparas who were expecting a vaginal delivery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College (Haikou, China) between October 2021 and January 2022 were selected. These women were randomly assigned to a control group (standard intrapartum care) or an experimental group (pelvic floor myofascial manipulation for 15-20 min during the second stage of labor along with standard intrapartum care) using a random number table, with 28 patients in each group. There was no significant difference in age, gestational time or body mass index between the two groups before delivery, indicating that the baseline data were comparable. The second stage of labor duration, forced breath-holding time and postpartum hemorrhage volume in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The pain visual analog scale scores, fatigue scores and neonatal Apgar scores in the experimental group were also significantly lower than those in the control group. The rate of episiotomy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, pelvic floor myofascial manipulation intervention during the second stage of labor for primiparas with vaginal delivery can reduce the duration of the second stage of labor, the amount of bleeding during labor and the pain during labor. Meanwhile, it has the potential to improve neonatal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nonlinear dynamics of bolted JCCSs are studied theoretically and experimentally. • Displacement-dependent characteristics in bolt connection zone are considered. • The developed model is capable of predicting nonlinear vibration of bolted JCCSs. • Experimental results validate the present theoretical model. This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of joined conical-cylindrical shells (JCCSs) with bolt connection for the first time. In the process of developing mechanical model of the bolt connection, the displacement-dependent stiffness and damping are taken into account, which could simulate the change of the contact state at the connection interface under different excitations. Both theoretical and experimental studies are performed to illustrate the nonlinear vibration behaviors of the bolted JCCSs. Successive uniform distributed artificial springs between the conical and cylindrical shells are adopted to simulate the rigid joint of the two shells. Donnell's shell theory is employed in theoretical modeling, and the governing equation is obtained by the Lagrange equation. The displacement admissible function applied in the research is Chebyshev polynomial. By comparison with existing literature and experimental data, the accuracy of present theoretical model is validated. It is found that both theory and experiment show a dynamic softening phenomenon with the increase of excitation level. Taking the displacement-dependent characteristics in bolt connection zone into consideration can effectively illustrate this soft phenomenon. The established model is capable of predicting the nonlinear vibration characteristics of JCCSs with bolt connection. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the effects of strong coupling and QCD at high temperature in QGP, by using holographic model, we investigate the dissociation effect of bottomonium under the higher-order curvature corrections to the supergravity action corresponding to the corrections of large N expansion of boundary CFT in the side of field theory. The results show that effective potential is not a good physical quantity to estimate the dissociation strength of bottomonium in the case of finite wave number and considering the higher-order curvature corrections. Therefore, we calculate the quasinormal spectra (QNMs) and the differential configuration entropy (DCE). It is found that the dissociation effect is stronger for the stronger coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate in gynecologic tumors. Despite decades of continuous efforts, the survival rate of patients has not improved significantly, mostly due to drug resistance. Exosomes are hot topics in recent years. Cells can affect the biological behaviors of other cells by transferring exosomes. So far, numerous researchers have found that tumor cells can secrete exosomes which play a important role in the development of tumors. Solid tumors can promote angiogenesis. When drug resistance occurs, it seems that more blood vessels form. We suppose that exosomes derived from chemoresistant OC cells can also promote angiogenesis. Results: We investigate whether exosomes secreted by chemoresistant SKOV3-DDP cells (SKOV3-DDP-exo) and sensitive SKOV3 cells (SKOV3-exo) influence angiogenesis. After exosomes were extracted, exosomes were co-cultured with HUVECs. We found that SKOV3-DDP-exo and SKOV3-exo are absorbed by endothelial cells and promote the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells. Moreover, SKOV3-DDP-exo is more powerful in angiogenesis, suggesting that parts of the components of SKOV3-DDP-exo are significantly radical. We also found that miR-130a was highly expressed in drug-resistant OC cells. Also, we found that miR-130a in SKOV3-DDP-exo is higher than SKOV3-exo. Therefore, we suggest that miR-130a in exosomes is the main cause of chemoresistant OC cells promoting angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable effects of SiMe3 and SiEt3 para‐substituents in the phenoxide‐modified half‐titanocenes, Cp*TiCl2(O‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐R‐C6H2) [R=SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7)], toward the catalytic activities in ethylene copolymerizations with 2‐methyl‐1‐pentene, 1‐decene, 1‐dodecene and with 9‐decen‐1‐ol (DC‐OH) have been demonstrated. The activities by 6, 7 at 50 °C showed higher than those conducted at 25 °C in all cases in the presence of MAO cocatalyst. Efficient synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) ethylene copolymers incorporating DC‐OH (or 5‐hexen‐1‐ol, HX‐OH) has been attained in the copolymerization by 7, which showed better DC‐OH (HX‐OH) incorporation at 50 °C to afford the HMW copolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐DC‐OH)s, with high activities (activity 1.21–3.81×105 kg‐polymer mol−1‐Ti h, Mn=6.55–10.0×104, DC‐OH 2.3–3.6 mol %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable effects of SiMe3 and SiEt3 para‐substituents in the phenoxide‐modified half‐titanocenes, Cp*TiCl2(O‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐R‐C6H2) [R=SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7)], toward the catalytic activities in ethylene copolymerizations with 2‐methyl‐1‐pentene, 1‐decene, 1‐dodecene and with 9‐decen‐1‐ol (DC‐OH) have been demonstrated. The activities by 6, 7 at 50 °C showed higher than those conducted at 25 °C in all cases in the presence of MAO cocatalyst. Efficient synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) ethylene copolymers incorporating DC‐OH (or 5‐hexen‐1‐ol, HX‐OH) has been attained in the copolymerization by 7, which showed better DC‐OH (HX‐OH) incorporation at 50 °C to afford the HMW copolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐DC‐OH)s, with high activities (activity 1.21–3.81×105 kg‐polymer mol−1‐Ti h, Mn=6.55–10.0×104, DC‐OH 2.3–3.6 mol %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]