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Efforts to prevent work-related injuries have met with tangible success in industrialized countries. In Quebec, workplace accidents and occupational illness have declined sharply since the end of the 1990s. However, there is still considerable room for improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Expert specialists in accident prevention in SMEs are overloaded. Their interventions are repetitive and not personalised. Few tools are available for accelerating the process of evaluating occupational health and safety (OHS) performance. The aim of this research project was to address this deficiency by proposing a novel OHS performance evaluation tool better adapted to SMEs. For this purpose, research was carried out in two distinct phases. The first phase led to the theoretical model on which the tool is based. The second phase was carried out using an action research approach. The proposed tool was designed and improved during this phase, through field-testing and the involvement of a Quebec industrial partner. In spite of the limitations of this research, we have succeeded in developing a new tool with software support adapted specifically for the evaluation of OHS performance in SMEs. Upon completion of the project, a tested and improved version of the tool was delivered to the industrial partner. Experts in accident prevention have found the tool to be reliable and helpful. It has accelerated the identification of deficiencies in OHS management in several SMEs and has helped specialists to develop personalized and better-focused plans of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intersectoral collaborations are recommended as effective strategies to reduce health inequalities. People most affected by health inequalities, as are people living in poverty, remain generally absent from such intersectoral collaborations. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects can be leveraged to better understand how to involve people with lived experience to support both individual and community empowerment. In this paper, we offer a critical reflection on a CBPR project conducted in public housing in Québec, Canada, that aimed to develop intersectoral collaboration between tenants and senior executives from four sectors (housing, health, city and community organizations). This single qualitative case study design consisted of fieldwork documents, observations and semi-structured interviews. Using the Emancipatory Power Framework (EPF) and the Limiting Power Framework (LPF), we describe examples of types of power and resistance shown by the tenants, the intersectoral partners and the research team. The discussion presents lessons learned through the study, including the importance for research teams to reflect on their own power, especially when aiming to reduce health inequalities. The paper concludes by describing the limitations of the analyses conducted through the EPF–LPF frameworks and suggestions to increase the transformative power of future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the Quebec pulp and paper industry fell by more than 30 percent from 1990 to 2006. We use an energy demand model to analyze the contributions to this decrease of energy prices, product mix, technological change, and biomass use. The product mix is made of pulp, and cardboard, and paper. Pulp is an intermediate product for the industry, but not necessarily so for mills; vertical integration varies across mills and presents different opportunities to transfer heat between stages of production. Chemical and mechanical pulping processes are used to form two groups of pulp and paper mills. We find that changes of product mixes contributed the most to reduce GHG emissions, followed to a lesser extent by increases of fuel prices relative to electricity. The estimated electricity and fuel price elasticities are low. However it is still possible to significantly reduce GHG emissions by substituting natural gas for heavy fuel oil; such a substitution could be brought about by a small change of their relative price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red heartwood, a dark nonhomogenous discolouration in paper birch trees ( Marsh.), limits the applications and uses of sawn boards to nonvisible low-value products, thus resulting in substantial value loss. The occurrence and distribution of red heartwood were investigated in 12 paper birch trees grown in the province of Quebec, Canada. The youngest tree was 62 years old at breast height and the oldest 86 years old for an average of 75 years old. In this study, 225 occurrences of external traits, relating to branch scars and forks, previously proposed as initiation points for red heartwood were identified and measured. The distribution of red heartwood was digitally mapped and the effect of these external traits on the red heartwood surface and shape inside each tree was examined. Results show that red heartwood initiates from an external trait and that multiple external traits can contribute to the development of a red heartwood column following the longitudinal axis of the stem. Red heartwood appeared to initiate mainly from external traits at the base of the tree. A modelling exercise indicated that the width of the red heartwood column inside a standing tree can be estimated from branch scar width and height from the ground. Tree vigour could not be linked to the proportion of red heartwood inside standing trees. A three-dimensional analysis of log shape could potentially be used to detect red heartwood presence in a log before processing to optimize the log sawing pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores why the provinces of Ontario and Quebec devised contrasting policies in response to similar incidents of urban violence in the mid-2000s. In both settings, municipal police departments launched aggressive campaigns against so-called "youth gangs." However, Ontario went one step further and created a new "youth policy" to expand out-of-school programs for children and adolescents. By examining the origins of the policies in each province, the paper concludes that Black political actors in Ontario were leading champions of the youth policy, whereas, in Quebec, police chiefs took the driver's seat and advocated for a disciplinary strategy against "street gangs." The contrasts in policy and Black political participation exemplify the distinct racial politics of the provinces. Race-conscious policy in Ontario grows out of a tradition of Black radicalism and multi-racial coalitions. In Quebec, minority nationalism turns race into a proxy for clashes over ethnicity and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how the COVID‐19 pandemic affected care leavers in Quebec, a social group already facing obstacles to social integration. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 48 participants and analysed through Castel's zones of vulnerability model. Results suggest that youth who entered the pandemic with more vulnerabilities were more affected by it in all dimensions of their lives. However, results also suggest that the presence of a strong social support network protects even the most vulnerable ones from being overly afflicted, highlighting the importance of interventions that reinforce care leaver's social support network during times of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normal paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) wood has a clear and uniform color. However, some paper birch trees contain reddish-brown-, discolored wood known as red heartwood. Its occurrence, proportion, and vertical distribution were investigated. One hundred and fifty trees were randomly sampled from three stands located at the Montmorency Forest, 75 km north of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. A subsample of 18 trees showing occurrence of red heartwood at stump height were felled, and 5 cm thick disks were cut at every 0.5 m of height. Red heartwood volume, proportion, and vertical distribution were determined from the disks. Trees with larger diameter at breast height and lower tree height had a higher probability of red heartwood occurrence. Red heartwood starts occurring in 40-year-old trees on average in the stands studied. The volume of red heartwood was positively correlated with tree age, and the proportion of red heartwood was positively related to tree age, and negatively related to the amount of sunlight on the live crown. Red heartwood proportion was 13.3% of the tree merchantable volume, mostly located under the live crown. Le bois de bouleau à papier (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) est normalement clair et uniforme. Toutefois, le bois de couleur brun-rougeâtre présent chez certains bouleaux est appelé cœur rouge. Sa présence, sa proportion et sa distribution verticale dans l’arbre ont été étudiées. Cent cinquante arbres furent sélectionnés aléatoirement dans trois peuplements de la Forêt Montmorency à 75 km au nord de la ville de Québec, Québec, Canada. Un sous-échantillon de 18 arbres présentant du cœur rouge à hauteur de souche ont été abattus et découpés en disques de 5 cm d’épaisseur à tous les 5 m afin de mesurer le volume, la proportion et la distribution verticale du cœur rouge. La probabilité de présence de cœur rouge était plus élevée chez les arbres petits et de fort diamètre. Le cœur rouge était présent dans les arbres de 40 ans et plus en moyenne dans les peuplements étudiés. Le volume de cœur rouge était corrélé positivement avec l’âge de l’arbre. Sa proportion était corrélée positivement avec l’âge de l’arbre et négativement avec la quantité de lumière atteignant la cime vivante. La proportion moyenne de cœur rouge était 13,3 % du volume marchand de l’arbre et il était principalement situé sous la cime vivante. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shortage of public service workers in northern Indigenous communities presents a twofold problem: how to rapidly hire professionals, often nonindigenous people from the South, and how to ensure that their integration overcomes systemic racism. This paper examines mechanisms that could provide better relationships between nonindigenous people from the South and Innu and Naskapi communities of Quebec's North Shore, especially in the workplace. Interviews were conducted with key figures in the education, health, and social services sectors to shed light on the dynamics of awareness, formation, integration, and retention at the individual, workplace, community, territory, and regional levels. The results highlight the importance of the processes of openness to the northern and Indigenous realities (northernization and indigenization) as an overall way of improving intercultural relationships in Indigenous working places. Messages clés: La pénurie de main‐d'œuvre en éducation, santé et services sociaux dans les communautés autochtones du Nord est criante et mène à l'embauche de professionnel·le·s provenant du Sud.La recherche soulève les besoins en matière de sensibilisation, d'intégration et d'intériorisation des réalités autochtones et nordiques, qui passent par l'autochtonisation et l'anordissement des professionnel·le·s.Les résultats énoncent qu'afin de créer un meilleur espace de rencontre interculturel, des mécanismes d'intégration des professionnel·le·s doivent être simultanément entrepris aux échelles individuelle, professionnelle, communautaire, territoriale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST). Searches were conducted in August 2021 on four electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible papers included cross-sectional validation studies evaluating the psychometric properties of all QUEST versions. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient, and comparison tools were reported. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review. Results showed that the QUEST and QUEST 2.0 were available in 10 languages, and most validation studies analysed this tool in patients using mobility devices in various clinical conditions. One article analysed the child version (QUEST 2.1) in English. The most analysed psychometric property was Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency in 14 out of 19 studies, with values ranging between 0.74 and 0.79. Overall, 17 out of 19 studies were of adequate quality, though responsiveness was never studied. Our systematic review showed that the QUEST and its subsequent versions are reliable and valid measurement instruments to evaluate satisfaction in patients with different disabilities using various assistive technologies. This study provides useful information on the instrument's psychometric properties in different populations and cultures. This systematic review verify the appropriateness of the "Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology" (QUEST), as a measure of satisfaction; This systematic review allow clinicians to keep up to date with new versions of the tool, new countries of validation and population in which it can be used. This study supports clinicians in making informed decisions when choosing assessment tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soils in wild lowbush blueberry production are prone to wind erosion and have very low nutrient and water storage capacities. An experiment was initiated to assess paper mill biosolids (PB) mixed with wood ash and ground bark as a soil amendment/fertilizer for wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccium angustifolium Ait.) in the Lac St-Jean area, Quebec, Canada. A mixture of PB was applied during spring (mid-May) of the sprout year (1998) on 120 m2 plots at a rate of 15t ha−1 (wet basis) with wood ash (1 and 2t ha−1) and ground bark (0, 3, 6,9 and 15t ha−1, wet basis). Blueberry leaves were sampled in the first year and wet digestion and dry ashing were performed to determine foliar nutrient concentration. In 1999 and 2000, fruit yields tended to increase with PB with wood ash and ground bark application (31% in 1999 and 29% in 2000). Foliar N, P and K concentrations were increased whereas Ca and Mg were unaffected compared to control. Other nutrients were also determined and only Fe tended to increase with PB application whereas Ni tended to decrease. This study indicated that PB mixed with wood ash and ground bark is a potential nutrient source for blueberry on these poor sandy soils without short-term loss in crop yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of Walmart's entry on the survival of new and small retail businesses within non‐metropolitan areas in the province of Quebec. To do so, the study covers the years 1999–2007 and focuses on four non‐metropolitan cities. These include two Walmart entry cities, Rimouski and Salaberry‐de‐Valleyfield, and two other cities, where no Walmart was present during the study period, La Pocatière and Sorel‐Tracy. The results of a difference‐in‐differences analysis, conducted through a semi‐parametric Cox proportional hazards model, reveal that the entry of Walmart decreases the risk of closure of the new and small retail businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the societal climate surrounding issues of race and racism in the study of the past as my point of departure, I propose to examine how it translates into the practice of French-language historiography of Canadian and Quebecois societies. Do disciplinary institutions publish on issues of race and racism? This study also responds to historian Geneviève Dorais' arguments in the Bulletin d'histoire politique in 2020 about anti-Black racism in Quebec historiography, and to the call by historians Crystal Gail Fraser and Allyson Stevenson for a critical perspective on our discipline in the post-Truth and Reconciliation Commission era. This paper consists of four sections. I first sketch out some definitions related to the concepts of race, racism, and ignorance. I then turn to the relationship these questions have with historical epistemology and the role that the discipline of history has played in the history of racism. In the third section, I present the results of my research on francophone-Canadian historical knowledge production in the past few years, which asked the following questions: Is the concept of race present in this disciplinary field? In what way is it used? Finally, I conclude by returning to the results of this study and reflect on what a better understanding of the critical concept of race in historical studies can contribute to our understanding of Quebec and Canada's past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Québec (Canada), vocational training centres hire their teachers based on their occupational skills and knowledge. Often without prior pedagogical training, teachers must complete a bachelor university degree including three or four internships. Conducted in their workplace, novices are then accompanied on-site by an assistant teacher (AT). Untrained for this role, there are little to no measures to support ATs in these additional tasks. Based on the testimonies of 15 ATs, this paper aims to expose the motivating factors and perceived benefits of performing this role, and how this plays an important part in the development of competent action and performance. To extract meaning, a qualitative methodology was used, and semi-inductive logic technics were applied. The results detail the ATs' experience in providing support to interns, as well as enlighten the facilitating and limiting factors to their competent action using desire to act theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. In minesoil reclamation, the establishment of a sustainable plant cover requires the improvement of limiting conditions and the re-initiation of carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. 2. The approach used in this study for reclaiming an abandoned sandpit in Quebec, Canada, was based on a heavy organic amendment as an attempt to accelerate the reconstruction of a functional ecosystem. 3. The one-time intervention consisted of incorporating paper de-inking sludge into soil at two rates (0 and 105 dry t ha–1 ), supplemented with nitrogen (N) at three rates (3, 6 and 9 g kg–1 sludge) and phosphorus (P) at two rates (0·5 and 1·0 g kg–1 sludge) followed by seeding (mid-summer) of Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. (tall wheatgrass). 4. Standing biomass increased in the presence of sludge after both the first and second full growing seasons. High N application rates further increased yield, more importantly in the second season. The high P rate improved grass establishment in all cases. Ground cover increased with time and doubled in the presence of sludge whereas it declined in the absence of sludge. Phosphorus and N uptake was improved consistently in the presence of sludge. 5. Sludge application resulted in improved water retention and cation exchange capacities, and an increase in pH and bulk density of sandpit minesoil, all of which may have accounted for the significant improvement in plant responses. Levels of soil C and N suggest that this reconstructed system is approaching sustainability. 6. Adequate N and P supplements will accentuate the positive influence of sludge on revegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some data call into question the persistence of developmental language disorders (DLDs) identified during the preschool period. For this reason, speech–language pathologists (SLPs) often reassess children. However, it is unclear if the instability of the profiles documented in community sample studies is present in children referred to specialized clinics. Given the scarcity of SLP resources, is re‐evaluating the language skills of these children a good use of clinical time? Aim: To examine the stability of the findings from two SLP assessments in a sample of Canadian preschool children referred to a tertiary clinic between the ages of 2 and 6 years. It was hypothesized that children under the age of 4 years at first assessment and children with less severe initial deficits would show less stability of DLD diagnosis. Methods & Procedures: The clinical files of children referred to an early childhood psychiatric clinic in Canada were reviewed. For 149 children with two SLPs assessment reports, persistence of language deficits was documented and tested with McNemar's statistics. Differences between preschoolers under the age of 4 versus 4 years and over, as well as between mildly and severely impaired children, were examined. Outcomes & Results: High level of agreement (94%) and McNemar's test (p = 0.180) supported the stability of initial diagnosis. The stability for children assessed before the age of 4 (n = 64) was 100%, and was significantly different from older children's (n = 85) stability of 89% (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.01; bilateral). The stability for children with mild impairments (n = 18) was 78%, which was significantly lower than the stability (97%) in children with severe impairments (n = 114) (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.007; bilateral). Conclusions & Implications: No instability of language status was observed in children assessed before 4 years of age, which could be related to the significant severity of the difficulties that children in this age group presented and be specific to this type of clinical sample. The great stability of language status observed in preschoolers referred to a specialized clinic suggests that clinicians should limit reassessments to devote available resources to intervention efforts. What this paper adds: What is already known on this subject?: Previous research that has demonstrated important instability in the classification of language impairment before 4 years of age gathered data mainly by screening the general population or was not based on a comprehensive clinical assessment. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: This study investigated the classification stability of DLD between two comprehensive SLP assessments in a clinical sample of Canadian preschoolers. The results indicate great stability of language status assessed before 4 years old in this population, suggesting that severity of impairments may trump the age factor in this group. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: In the case of children referred to a specialized clinic, clinicians and policymakers should be aware that DLD diagnosis made before 4 years of age remains stable during preschool age, and that a best practice with this population would be to abandon unnecessary testing in favour of early intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on Franciscan missionaries in California has traditionally either emphasized or excused their use of physical violence on indigenous people. This paper adopts a "boundaries" approach to highlight and explain how Franciscans were able to both advocate for and eschew physical coercion on the same target audience without any perceived contradiction. The paper argues that unidirectional group boundaries, often mundane and unproblematic, may, in some instances, validate a paradoxical combination of external voluntarism and internal coercion when employed institutionally. The study concludes with a discussion of the relevance of these theoretical concepts to religion and coercion in contemporary society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Here we report multiple parameters used to describe the diagenetic state of sediments, including total hydrolyzable amino acid (THAA), amino acid enantiomer, chlorin (CI) and amino acid degradation (DI, RI) indices, along a transect between the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. The study area is characterized by gradients in water oxygen concentration, water depth, organic matter (OM) source, primary productivity, and sedimentation rate. Both CI and DI indicate a decline in OM reactivity, with the transition from a more terrestrial to a more marine-dominated sedimentation regime as one moves from the shallow Upper Estuary (23–95 m) to the hypoxic, mid-depth Lower Estuary and to the deep (>400 m), well-oxygenated Gulf. Whereas the CI more accurately reflected OM reactivity in surface sediments and sediments down to 5 cm, the amino acid-based degradation indices (DI and RI) better described degradation in sediments down to 35 cm. Systematic variations in the amino acid composition along the Laurentian Channel confirmed the increased diagenesis of OM with distance from the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary. The ratio of d/l-stereoisomers of alanine increased along the transect, and the co-variation between DI and the d/l-Ala suggest a close coupling between the extent of diagenesis and the accumulation and selective preservation of bacterially-derived cell wall material in the sediments. The same patterns that we observed along the estuarine transect were present down-core in two sediment cores, confirming the robustness of our reactivity indices. Oxygen exposure time of the sediments appears to strongly determine sediment OM reactivity in the St. Lawrence Estuary. The sediment oxygen regime itself is related to the interplay between water column depth, vertical OM flux, and reactivity of settling OM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper contributes to the growing body of work on precarious labor, immigration, and social gerontology by examining the racialization of precarious employment across the life course. In particular, the authors examine the impact of precarious employment and discrimination among racialized older immigrants in Canada. Racialized older immigrants are more likely to be disadvantaged by the effects of lifelong intersections of economic and social discrimination rooted in racialization, gender, ageism, and socio-economic status. Drawing from a narrative-photovoice project that focused on the life stories of older immigrants living in Quebec and British Columbia, this paper presents the in-depth stories and photographs of four participants to highlight how intersections of race, gender, age, immigration status, and ability shape and structure experiences of aging, labor market participation and caregiving relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Responsive, integrated and sustainable health systems require that communities take an active role in service design and delivery. Much of the current literature focuses on provider‐led initiatives to gain community input, raising concerns about power imbalances inherent in invited forms of participation. This paper provides an alternate view, exploring how, in a period following reforms, community actors forge network alliances to (re)gain legitimacy and capacities to coproduce health services with system providers. Methods: A longitudinal case study traced the network‐building efforts over 3 years of a working group formed by citizens and community actors working with seniors, minorities, recent immigrants, youth and people with disabilities. The group came together over concerns about reforms that impacted access to health services and the ability of community groups to mediate access for vulnerable community residents. Data were collected from observation of the group's meetings and activities, documents circulated within and by the group, and semi‐directed interviews. The first stage of analysis used social network mapping to reveal the network development achieved by the working group; a second traced network maturation, based on actor–network theory. Results: Network mapping revealed how the working group mobilized existing links and created new links with health system actors to explore access issues. Problematization appeared as an especially important stage in network development in the context of reforms that disrupted existing collaborative relationships and introduced new structures and processes. Conclusion: Network‐building strategies enable community actors to enhance their capacity for coproduction. A key contribution lies in the creation of 'organizational infrastructure'. Patient or Public Contribution: The lead researcher was embedded over 3 years in the activities of the community groups and community residents. Several group members provided comments on an initial draft of this paper. To preserve the anonymity of the group, their names do not appear in the acknowledgements section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research held on October 16-19, 1986 at Le Center Sheraton in Montreal, Quebec. Account of papers submitted for the symposium on conceptual and methodological implications of sex in psychophysiology research; Highlights of the paper "Power spectral analysis quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia," by researcher J.E. Richard presented in this meeting; Overview of the paper "Emotion and autonomic specificity: Something Borrowed -- Something New," by researcher R.W. Levenson submitted under the "Historical Symposium on Emotion" category of this meeting.

Ecosystem management requires good knowledge of preindustrial ecosystems and their dynamics. However, in most regions of Québec, the original forested landscape has been altered by human activities. To validate the ecosystem management conducted in the lower Mauricie region, the preindustrial landscape of the high hills of the lower Saint-Maurice region was characterized from the study of 18 historical forest surveys conducted by the pulp and paper industry in the early 20th century. The analysis of these surveys showed the predominance of irregular mature stands. Two-thirds of these stands were of mixedwood type, while a very small proportion was of hardwood type. Softwood volume was mainly constituted of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and red (Picea rubens Sarg.) and black spruces (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP). Lastly, the analysis of these inventories showed the occurrence, in the preindustrial landscape, of a mixed disturbance regime, where severe fires and insect outbreaks coexisted with gap dynamics. From a broader perspective, we can fully appreciate with this study the importance and usefulness for ecosystem management of conserving forest inventory archives, because in many cases they are the only references to the preindustrial landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Routing regular and dangerous commodities in railway freights transportation is discussed in this paper. Based on a link-based modeling approach, a mixed integer nonlinear programing model is developed. The model takes into account weather stability conditions of urban and rural areas and spatial distribution of risk at yards and around links as it impacts these zones along the routes. This paper also discusses the advantages of using bifurcation of flows on risk-cost tradeoffs and route planning decisions. The widely used nonlinear risk function is linearized and then the problem was solved to optimality using a commercial software. Results of the experiments on two hypothetical networks and one based on the rail network of the Province of Québec in Canada are presented and analyzed. Routing decisions associated with both variants of the proposed model with bifurcation of the material flows are compared to obtain managerial insights on the model in solving hazmat freight routing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The collaborative care model is a well‐known model to improve care quality for people with common mental disorders and physical conditions in primary care.The role of care manager is central to the collaborative care model, and primary care nurses are well‐positioned to play that role.Adopting the role of care manager by primary care nurses is challenging due to several contextual factors; however, few implementation studies examined the context and current practices before implementing the role of care manager and the collaborative care model. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The paper contributes to the advancement of knowledge about the pre‐assessment of current practices before implementing the collaborative care model and the role of care manager.The paper offers a better understanding of the relationships between the context and the performance of care management activities by primary care nurses.The paper describes an innovative analysis technique to assess the gap between care management activities recommended in the collaborative care model and actual nursing activities. What are the implications for practice?: Primary care nurses would benefit from having timely access to clinical support from mental health nurse practitioners in order to build their competency.Determinants of practice and the analysis technique to assess current practices will help other researchers or quality improvement teams to develop their plan when implementing the role of care manager. Introduction: Few studies assessed current nursing practices before implementing the collaborative care model and the role of care manager for people with common mental disorders (CMDs) and physical conditions in primary care settings. Aim: Evaluate the main determinants of practice that influence the adoption of care management activities by primary care nurses for people with CMDs and physical conditions. Methods: A qualitative multiple case study was conducted in three primary care clinics. A total of 33 participants were recruited. Various data sources were combined: interviews (n = 32), nurse–patient encounters' observations (n = 7), documents and summaries of meetings with stakeholders (n = 8). Results: Seven determinants were identified (1) access to external mental health resources; (2) clarification of local CMD care trajectory; (3) compatibility between the coordination of nursing work and the role of care manager; (4) availability of mental health resources within the primary care clinic; (5) competency in care management and competency building; (6) responsibility sharing between the general practitioner and the primary care nurse; and (7) common understanding of the patient treatment plan. Implications for practice: To build their competency in care management for people with CMDs, primary care nurses would benefit from having clinical support from mental health nurse practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital environments have expanded the forms of cultural participation. This paper has two aims: first, to elucidate the changing definitions of cultural participation in relation to digital environments; second, to examine the ways in which cultural policies respond to the new digital conditions of cultural participation. Focusing on Quebec (Canada), this paper is based on a critical review of grey literature in the public policy. We identified three main goals pursued by Quebec cultural policies regarding digital participation: 1) to produce and disseminate national cultural content; 2) to encourage cultural equity and diversity; 3) to encourage digital equity. The analysis shows that these goals partially exceed the scope of cultural policies to intersect with economic, educational, and youth policies. We also argue that policy frameworks and funding programs in support of cultural policies tend to legitimize an overlap of civic, commercial, and industrial logics of cultural participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of nurses who blew the whistle during the COVID‐19 pandemic have exposed gaps and revealed an urgent need to revisit our understanding of whistleblowing. Aim: The aim was to develop a better understanding of whistleblowing during a pandemic by using the experiences and lessons learned of Quebec nurses who blew the whistle during the first wave of COVID‐19 as a case study. More specifically, to explore why and how nurses blew the whistle, what types of wrongdoing triggered their decision to do so and how context shaped the whistleblowing process as well as its consequences (including perceived consequences). Design: The study followed a single‐case study design with three embedded units of analysis. Methods: We used content analysis to analyse 83 news stories and 597 forms posted on a whistleblowing online platform. We also conducted 15 semi‐structured interviews with nurses and analysed this data using a thematic analysis approach. Finally, we triangulated the findings. Results: We identified five themes across the case study. (1) During the first wave of COVID‐19, Quebec nurses experienced a shifting sense of loyalty and relationship to workplace culture. (2) They witnessed exceedingly high numbers of intersecting wrongdoings amplified by mismanagement and long‐standing issues. (3) They reported a lack of trust and transparency; thus, a need for external whistleblowing. (4) They used whistleblowing to reclaim their rights (notably, the right to speak) and build collective solidarity. (5) Finally, they saw whistleblowing as an act of moral courage in the face of a system in crisis. Together, these themes elucidate why and how nurse whistleblowing is different in pandemic times. Conclusion: Our findings offer a more nuanced understanding of nurse whistleblowing and address important gaps in knowledge. They also highlight the need to rethink external whistleblowing, develop whistleblowing tools and advocate for whistleblowing protection. Impact In many ways, the COVID‐19 pandemic has challenged our foundational understanding of whistleblowing and, as a result, it has limited the usefulness of existing literature on the topic for reasons that will be brought to light in this paper. We believe that studying the uniqueness of whistleblowing during a pandemic can address this gap by describing why and how health care workers blow the whistle during a pandemic and situating this experience within a broader social, political, organizational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Educational apps can be considered a dominant medium for providing educational content to children. Parents are major stakeholders and mediators in the selection of apps (Dias & Brito, 2021). It is critical to know how they choose apps for their children and understand what indicates a quality educational app, as well‐designed apps can support and enhance children's learning process. An online study with parents was conducted to identify parents' most dominant needs while selecting apps for their children. Parents' app selection behaviour was investigated leveraging Uses and Gratifications theory. Parents viewed 10 mock math apps that replicated the App Store presentation format. Five apps included educational benchmarks (eg, feedback) and five contained educational buzzwords (eg, interactive). Immediately following each app, parents provided value judgements of the app by stating whether they would download the app or not, rating it on a 5‐point‐scale, stating how much they would be willing to pay, and explaining why they chose to download the app or not. Results from paired‐samples t‐tests, and repeated‐measures ANOVAs indicated that parents value educational benchmarks over buzzwords suggesting that parents are primarily seeking apps that meet their children's educational needs. Parents' app needs seem to align with some of the research on what makes a good educational app. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicTouch screen devices can enhance learning outcomes for children, if well designed educational applications are used (Camilleri & Camilleri, 2019; Cohen et al., 2011).Five educational benchmarks have been identified as indicators of app quality that parents can use to distinguish well designed apps (Dubé et al., 2020); having a development team that involves educators, possessing a guiding curriculum (Vaala et al., 2015), being based on a learning theory (Kebritchi & Hirumi, 2008), containing scaffolded learning, and providing feedback (Callaghan & Reich, 2018; Cayton‐Hodges et al., 2015).Uses and Gratifications theory suggests that people use the media to satisfy their psychological needs and to achieve their personal goals (Katz et al., 1973).What this paper addsThe study used Uses and Gratifications theory to identify parents' most dominant needs while selecting apps for their children. With the assumption that parents select apps based on their anticipated gratifications or parental need fulfilment (Broekman et al., 2016, 2018).Different features of the apps are presented in the forms of images and text descriptions in the App Store. The study investigated which features parents value when selecting apps from the App Store by including educational benchmarks and buzzwords in the images and text descriptions of the apps.Parents valued educational benchmarks over buzzwords. Thus, parents' app needs seem to align with the research‐based signifiers of app quality.Parents valued apps that feature development team, scaffolding, and guiding curriculums more than those with central learning theories and feedback.Development team had the highest download frequency and rating while learning theory had the lowest download frequency and rating.Parents were willing to pay more for the development team app and the least for ones containing feedback.The learning theory app was ranked the highest while the development team app received the lowest ranking from parents.Implications for practice and/or policyIncluding research‐based educational benchmarks in the apps and their app store descriptions promotes a research‐based framework for developing and identifying quality apps.Research‐based educational benchmarks could be used to determine a set of evidence‐based guidelines to assist app developers in the process of developing and presenting apps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban ecology is a promising research field in limnology, but we still need to evaluate how urban waterbodies can sustain biodiversity. In this paper, we present a comprehensive foodweb perspective of urban waterbodies in the city of Montréal (Québec, Canada). The research goals are to evaluate if biodiversity and community structure of foodweb components (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates) are valuable tools for assessing the ecological status of urban waterbodies and examine how they are controlled by multiple factors related to trophic status and habitat complexity (origin, water residence, macrophyte cover, fish, and management practices). Multiple factor analysis, correlations, and non-parametric tests were used to examine the relationships between the environmental factors and foodweb biological variables. Our case study confirms that urban waterbodies are important sources of biodiversity and reveals that foodweb-based biological indicators are reliable tools for the biomonitoring of urban waterbodies. Foodweb biodiversity and community structure were more influenced by habitat complexity than by trophic status. The key determinants of variation were the differences in water regime, management of temporary and permanent waterbodies, and contrasts in habitat complexity depending on pond origin (artificial or natural) and macrophyte cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The core of the novelty of NV-MAIS approach relies on the fact that we are using shunt reactors for both voltage regulation and frequency oscillation damping. To the best knowledge of the authors, there has not been reported the use of the shunt reactors in frequency oscillation damping and the NV-MAIS strategy is the first of a kind of such an approach with grid commissioning and installation in high voltage 735-kV transmission level. The Hydro-Québec transmission system is among the most extensive and complex power grid in North America due to its very long lines (over 1000 km) joining the generation facilities in the north of the Québec province to the main centers of consumption in the south. Since the 1990s, Hydro-Québec has adopted a defense plan, consisting of various types of protection solutions including different remedial action schemes (RAS) and automatic action strategies, to increase the stability and reliability of its transmission system against extreme contingencies. One of these protection strategies is the automatic switching of shunt reactors (MAIS) 1 MAIS is the acronym of the French name of the project as M anoeuvre A utomatique d' I nductance S hunt (MAIS). which has been in operation since 1997. The goal of the MAIS system is to keep the voltage profile of the whole 735-kV grid in an acceptable range to increase the transmission capacity. The MAIS system at each substation is entirely independent from neighbour substations and will close or trip shunt reactors just based on local measurements. As a periodical upgrade in all existing protection solutions in the Hydro-Québec power system, new functionalities have been added into the existing MAIS system to develop its new version to improve both the voltage profile and the frequency response. This paper presents this new version including the algorithm and the concept behind the new additional functionalities. The simulation results show the efficiency and performance of the proposed method. On that basis, a deployment on Hydro-Québec's grid to replace almost all the existing MAIS system with this new version will be realized by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voith Paper is to convert Abitibi-Consolidated Inc’s PM 14 at Alma, Quebec from newsprint to coated groundwood.This is a short news story only. Visit www.worldpumps.com for the latest pump industry news [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper concerns the ethical judgment that lies at the heart of assessing requests for Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada and Quebec, namely is it ethically right to help the person requesting assistance to end his or her life? We address situations in which making this judgment may be challenging despite the person fulfilling legal eligibility requirements. Using three clinical cases that are challenging by virtue of the legal requirement that a person experience intolerable suffering we explore this issue. We review practice guidance provided to providers and assessors in six jurisdictions and discuss potential resources to inform the ethical judgments involved in MAID assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Among the ten Canadian provinces, Quebec has experienced the most significant excess mortality of older persons during COVID-19. This practice paper aims to present the chronology of events leading to this excess mortality in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach: Documented content from three official sources: daily briefings by the Quebec Premier, a report from the Canadian Armed Forces and a report produced by Royal Society of Canada experts were analysed. Findings: Two findings emerge: the lack of preparation in LTCFs and a critical shortage of staff. Indeed, the massive transfer of older persons from hospitals to LTCFs, combined with human resources management and a critical shortage of permanent staff before and during the crisis, generates unhealthy living conditions in LTCFs. Originality/value: To our knowledge, this paper is the first to analyse official Quebec and Canadian statements concerning COVID-19 from the angle of quality of life and protection of older adults in LTCFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about several research papers related to various aspects of food and nutrition. It includes food security of Syrian refugee households in Canada, maternal mental health and infant feeding style, childcare director perceptions on healthy food consumption, the effect of food advertisements on food intake, and associations between intuitive eating levels and desire to eat during pregnancy.

June 8th, 2016 ended the lives of both Christiane Vadnais and Lucifer, but it also unraveled many other relations between humans and pitbull-type dogs. In this paper, I explore what it meant to conduct multispecies ethnography in the context of Breed Specific Legislation (BSL) in the city of Montréal between 2016-2018. I detail how methodologies of participant observation, walking interviews, and autoethnography explored themes of care, ethics, solidarity, and intervention. In the first section, I describe who I am engaging with when I say 'pitbull-type dog'. It is here I define what I call contested companionship. Next, I turn to my fieldwork detailing three research methods. I first describe participant observation and rapport building at Tails and Paws Montréal, a dog care facility, and introduce Rocky, a pitbull-type dog that had to evacuate the province of Québec. Next, I outline the benefit of walking interviews for multispecies research. I conclude my reflection on methodological practices by drawing from auto-ethnographic data outlining my shared life with Clementine and Eleanor. In the third section, I consider questions of intervention in the field that were deeply tethered to matters of life and death for both human and nonhuman participants, in particular for Fred and his companions Marilyn and Samson. Scaffolded together, I provide an example of what an ethically informed multispecies research design looked like that additionally had to navigate contested companionship -illegal or precarious--that shaped methodological practices into politically productive strategies that safeguarded not only individuals but relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The need of thermal storage in a northern passive greenhouse has been demonstrated with one-year experimental investigation. • An innovative Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system have been designed, built and tested. • Results indicate that the TES system meets the initial goal of increasing the greenhouse temperature during cold nights. • System performance coefficient is up to 3 taking into account the electricity consumption during the charging and discharging phases. This research focuses on the potential of greenhouse cultivation in circumpolar territories. It begins with a survey that encompasses most of the northern greenhouses in North America. This review emphasizes the need for appropriate data and for the right energy system design. Next, the paper focuses on a case study located in Nunavik, which is the northern Inuit territory of the province of Quebec. The Kuujjuaq cooperative greenhouse has been instrumented since June 2016 to collect data on temperature and relative humidity throughout the growing season. These measures have highlighted a major problem: a temperature difference between day and night that is too large, hindering crop development. To counteract this thermal behavior, a heat storage system was designed, built and installed in October 2018. It is the first time that a rock and air-based sensible thermal energy storage system, taking into account local materials and resources, has been designed and built in a northern greenhouse. This paper presents its main characteristics as well as records of temperature changes throughout the growing season. Moreover, an energy balance is presented for three days at the beginning of June 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• General methodological framework is proposed to isolate heterogenous average treatment effect from PT supply change. • Framework is applied on the implementation of BRT in Québec City. • Analysis shows that price premium is related to proximity to stations and CBD. • Impact appears to mainly local when correcting for most potential problems. Many empirical applications aim to isolate the impact of implementing new public transport on real estate uplift value. While their conclusions generally point to positive impact, due to reduction in transportation cost, the methodological framework to investigate uplift value has largely evolved over time. This paper reviews the different methodological challenges in measuring causal uplift value and proposes an adjusted parametric approach inspired from the Alonso-Muth-Mills model, returning a complex 2-D price premium function allowing for spatial heterogeneous patterns of the average treatment effect. The proposed framework also accounts for other methodological challenges underlined by literature such as spatial autocorrelation, selectivity and representativity issues, and possible anticipation effects. To illustrate the importance of methodological choices on estimation results, the framework is applied to the case of the implementation of a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Québec City, a medium-size Canadian city, as a specific case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass trade beads recovered during the 2018 excavations of the Notre-Dame-de-Lorette Mission Site (CeEu-11), the site of a c. 1673-1697 Huron-Wendat village at L'Ancienne-Lorette (Quebec), were analyzed using Laser Ablation - Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This minimally invasive analysis, conducted with permission from the Huron-Wendat Nation of Quebec, provides information about glass bead recipes that can be compared to other known samples from across eastern North America. This paper presents compositional analysis results for 78 artifacts (mainly simple, drawn varieties of blue and white beads) and compares the L'Ancienne-Lorette glass bead compositions to those from other seventeenth-century Wendat archaeological sites in the Western Great Lakes and in Southern Ontario. These sites were occupied both prior to and after the ca. 1650 dispersal of Huron-Wendat people from Wendake. From this research, historic Wendat trade networks and population movements can be inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: By studying an extreme context, we aim to provide an in‐depth understanding of the expanded nursing role in remote aboriginal communities, its dynamics and the main barriers to its full expansion. Background: While it is recognized that nurses play a major role in remote or rural areas, little is known about the dynamics of the expanded role and the nurses' daily practice and routines. Methods: We conducted 49 in‐depth interviews with nurses and key informants and more than 14 days of observation: two days of pre‐departure training and 12 days in dispensaries and a hospital in Hudson Bay, Québec, Canada. Results: We identified four sub‐roles within the nurses' expanded role: administrative, nursing, medical and community sub‐roles. This typology allowed us to document the evolving and dynamic nature of the role as well as the individual, organisational and community barriers that limit its expansion. Conclusion: This typology represents the first attempt to gain an in‐depth understanding of the enlarged nursing role in northern Québec and of the complexity of the daily nursing routines and dynamics. We believe it to be relevant for other contexts, such as rural areas, even if nurses there do not always take on all four sub‐roles during their nursing experience. Implications for nursing management: Our paper has significant practical implications for different stakeholders—educators, directors of nursing, recruiters, regulators and policymakers—as it may help with identifying the education and training requirements for developing specific sub‐roles, overcoming obstacles to widening the expanded role or better allocating the resources needed based on the predominant sub‐role in different contexts. More broadly, this study shows that, when properly regulated, extending professional nursing boundaries does not put the patient at risk and enables professionals to develop their practice. It represents a textbook case for rethinking our contemporary health care systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The editor reflects on the special issue of the periodical which is based on the 2012 International Microwave Symposium held on June 17-22, 2012 in Montreal, Quebec. He mentions that due to increased number of submissions to the special issue, it has been divided into two issues the first one was published in December 2012, and the next one in January 2013. He adds that the aim behind including conference papers in the issue is to present results that might help improve engineering designs.

Focuses on the 7th Symposium of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association in Montreal, Quebec. Exchange of ideas and research for clinical linguists and phoneticians; Function of phonetics and linguistics methods; Selection of summary papers from the forum.

Parents with physical disabilities face challenges in their relationships with perinatal and early childhood services. This paper aims to better understand the experiences and needs of parents with physical disabilities regarding perinatal and early childhood services in the public healthcare system in Quebec, Canada. We also describe how adequately current services meet the needs of these individuals. Thirteen interviews were conducted with ten mothers and three fathers with physical disabilities. Results indicate challenges in various phases of the parental experience: the decision to have a child and conception; pregnancy follow-up; delivery; postnatal care and parental practices. The main issues reported by participants involved access to information and professionals' attitudes. Participants also emphasized the importance of keeping control over the parenting process. As there is a growing interest in the questions surrounding parents with disabilities in Quebec, this study can provide useful insights for community organizations and political stakeholders. Parents with physical disabilities report needs at various stages in their parental experience: the decision to have a child and conception, pregnancy follow-up, delivery, postnatal care and parental practices. Parents ask to be provided with appropriate information and to be part of the decision-making process during the delivery and with regards to child care. Professional services may fail to address parents' needs. Inclusive services would provide support for parents with physical disabilities surrounding both the medical, and the social aspects of their parenthood. Services of this nature could lead to positive outcomes in their parental practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Bernstein's concept of recontextualization, this paper explores how mid-level actors interpret and translate curriculum policies in the context of growing concerns about the performance and accountability of education systems. Little is known about the work of recontextualization agents responsible for the professional development, support and control of teachers, uniquely positioned at the interface of policy and practice, and comparative perspectives are even scarcer. Based on empirical research in France and Canada (Quebec), this paper examines the work of pedagogic advisors and inspectors intervening at lower secondary school level. Data are drawn from interviews (n = 24) conducted in three mid-level school authorities. Our comparative analysis brings to the fore specific forms of recontextualization in each education system. In particular it shows important variations in the use of knowledge based on experience and observation and decontextualized knowledge drawing on research and statistical data. Agents also elaborate different discursive strategies projecting contrasting models of teaching. In both contexts, but to varying degrees, the rise of data and 'evidence' is reshaping the missions of mid-level actors, potentially eroding professional discretion and expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between industry and tourism: The evolving landscape of La Baie in Saguenay, Québec La Baie is a borough of the newly amalgamated city of Saguenay, which is defined by its past industrial and maritime development. This area encompassing the Ha! Ha! Bay is characterized by a lush natural landscape, contrasting sharply with the haphazardly built environment and urban fabric. The demolition of the Port-Alfred pulp and paper mill and the cruise ship terminal project offer the possibility to improve and harmonize this former municipality's landscape. In this article, we will discuss the evolution of the borough's landscape patterns through glimpses of the maritime and tourist tradition, industrial base and the design of downtown commercial space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates whether daddy quotas – non-transferable paternity leave policies – mitigate motherhood penalties women face in the labour market. Using the introduction of a daddy quota in Quebec, Canada as a natural experiment, we employ labour force survey data to conduct a difference-in-difference estimation of the policy's impact on a range of mothers' career outcomes, using mothers in the neighbouring province of Ontario as a comparison group. The results suggest Quebec mothers exposed to the policy are 5 percentage points more likely to participate in the labour force and to work full time, 5 percentage points less likely to work part time, and 4 percentage points less likely to be unemployed than they would have been in the absence of the policy. Our results are robust to an alternative semi-parametric difference-in-difference methodology and to a battery of placebo and sensitivity tests. However, we find that the policy's effects are largest 2 to 3 years post-reform, reducing in size and significance thereafter, raising questions about the durability of such effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The term progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is used to describe speakers presenting with isolated or dominant apraxia of speech in the context of a neurodegenerative syndrome, including primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) and dominant progressive apraxia of speech (DAOS), respectively. Its motor speech profile has been increasingly explored in the last decade, but description remains vague and very English oriented, although the effect of speakers' language on motor speech phenotypes is increasingly recognized. Although some studies suggest that speakers presenting with isolated PAOS (PPAOS) versus dominant PAOS with concomitant aphasia (DAOS) should be differentiated, distinct characteristics of the two presentations are unclear. Furthermore, a careful description of their clinical presentation in languages other than English is required. Aims: To describe the motor speech characteristics of Quebec French‐speaking participants with prominent PAOS and to explore the communication profile of those presenting more specifically with isolated PAOS (PPAOS), and with dominant PAOS and concomitant aphasia (DAOS). Methods & Procedures: A thorough effort to recruit all speakers presenting with PAOS in the larger population areas of the province of Quebec was conducted over a 3‐year span. A total of nine participants with PAOS (pwPAOS; PPAOS = 5, DAOS = 4) underwent a comprehensive language and motor speech assessment, and a cognitive screening. Their performance was compared with 30 matched healthy controls. Outcomes & Results: As a group, pwPAOS differed from healthy speakers on all acoustic and perceptual measures. The PPAOS and PAOS subgroups were similar on several measures, but participants from the PPAOS subgroup tended to perform better on articulatory measures and maximum speech rate tasks. Conclusions & Implications: This study provides an in‐depth analysis of motor speech characteristics of PAOS in Quebec French speakers and adds further evidence for the differentiation of PPAOS and DAOS. Combining simple perceptual and acoustic analyses represent a promising approach to distinguish the two variants and identify treatment targets. What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subjectProgressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by progressive and initially isolated or dominant apraxia of speech (primary progressive apraxia of speech [PPAOS] and dominant progressive apraxia of speech [DAOS], respectively). Studies mostly report articulatory and prosodic deficits in PAOS, but concomitant deficits such as dysarthria and executive dysfunction are also reported. The description of motor speech skills in PAOS remains vague and English‐oriented. Studies suggest that speakers presenting with isolated PAOS vs dominant PAOS with concomitant aphasia should be differentiated, but distinct characteristics of the two presentations are unclear.What this study adds to existing knowledgeTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to report transversal data of Quebec‐French participants with PPAOS and DAOS. Moreover, this study is a first step towards identifying potential characteristics that could facilitate the diagnosis of PPAOS and DAOS in Quebec French. It makes a significant contribution to our understanding of progressive apraxia of speech in different cultural languages.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?This study also initiates the search for sensitive tasks for the diagnosis of those speakers (which is an important process), in addition to identifying the core characteristics of PAOS, DAOS, and PPAOS in the development of an assessment battery for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper profiles the main competencies required of school leaders to effectively manage ethnocultural diversity. Elementary and secondary school principals (N=17) were interviewed using the critical incident technique to gather their observations regarding their management practices in dealing with ethnocultural diversity in their school. The data were mixed coded according to four orders of professional competency established by the Québec Ministry of Education (MELS): educational services management, school environment management, human and material resource management, and administrative management. Results highlight the importance of collaboration and shared responsibility between the school-team, the students, the parents, and the community, as well as the need to consider the school's priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]