Search

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is internationally defined as chest compressions and rescue breaths, and is a subset of resuscitation. First used for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, CPR is now frequently used for in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) with different causes and outcomes. Aims: This paper aims to describe clinical understanding of the role of in‐hospital CPR and perceived outcomes for IHCA. Methods: An online survey of a secondary care staff involved in resuscitation was conducted, focussing on definitions of CPR, features of do‐not‐attempt‐CPR conversations with patients and clinical case scenarios. Data were analysed using a simple descriptive approach. Results: Of 652 responses, 500 were complete and used for analysis. Two hundred eleven respondents were senior medical staff covering acute medical disciplines. Ninety‐one percent of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that defibrillation is part of CPR, and 96% believed CPR for IHCA included defibrillation. Responses to clinical scenarios were dissonant, with nearly half of respondents demonstrating a pattern of underestimating survival and subsequently showing a desire to offer CPR in similar scenarios with poor outcomes. This was unaffected by seniority and level of resuscitation training. Conclusions: The common use of CPR in hospital reflects the broader definition of resuscitation. Recapturing the CPR definition for clinicians and patients as only chest compressions and rescue breaths may allow clinicians to better discuss individualised resuscitation care to aide meaningful shared decision‐making around patient deterioration. This may involve reframing current in‐hospital algorithms and uncoupling CPR from wider resuscitative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aphasia can affect the communication between the person with aphasia (PWA) and the communication partner (CP). It is therefore necessary to support both the PWA and their CPs. Communication partner training (CPT) focuses on training communication between dyads of whom one person has aphasia. Although there is increasing evidence supporting CPT as an effective intervention to improve communication and reduce the psychosocial consequences of stroke, implementation in clinical practice remains limited. Aim: To understand the mechanisms behind the practice–evidence gap currently hindering CPT implementation, this study investigated the role of (1) education, (2) concept knowledge, (3) work setting and (4) clinical experience in CPT. Methods & Procedures: Flemish speech and language therapists (SLTs) clinically involved in aphasia rehabilitation were surveyed online regarding CPT. Statistical analyses include descriptive statistics to report survey results and non‐parametric group comparisons to investigate the role of the four variables on CPT. Outcomes & Results: In this study 72 SLTs were included, of whom 73.61% indicated they deliver CPT but of whom only 43.10% indicated CP presence during therapy. The most frequently identified barriers to CPT delivery were lack of time and CPT‐specific knowledge. Other barriers were lack of resources, work setting dependent factors, PWA or CP dependent factors, individual therapy to the PWA being of higher priority, existing CPT methods and interventions being perceived as unclear and feeling uncertain about CPT delivery. Concerning the role of the four variables on CPT delivery, neither education nor concept knowledge had a significant effect on CPT delivery. Work setting and clinical experience did, however, influence CPT delivery. More specifically, CPT delivery and CP presence were higher in the private practice (chronic phase) compared to the other three settings and experienced SLTs deliver CPT more often compared with less experienced SLTs. Conclusions & Implications: To reduce the practice–evidence gap, we suggest prioritising the two most frequently identified barriers, that is, lack of time and CPT‐specific knowledge. To overcome the time barrier in CPT, we propose implementing automated natural speech analysis to reduce the workload. To enhance CPT‐specific knowledge, speech and language therapy curricula should provide more in‐depth theory and hands‐on practice for CPT. In addition, increased awareness about CPT‐specific methods is needed to further support clinical practice. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: Communication partner training (CPT) is an effective intervention to improve communication and reduce the psychosocial consequences of stroke. Despite this evidence base, a current practice–evidence gap exists. What this study adds: This is the first study to characterise CPT delivery in a Flemish cohort of speech and language therapists (SLTs). In addition, on a more international perspective, few studies have investigated the role of education, concept knowledge, work setting and clinical experience in CPT. We found that neither education nor concept knowledge has a significant effect on CPT delivery. CPT delivery and communication partner presence are significantly higher in the private practice compared to the hospital, rehabilitation centre or nursing home settings. Experienced SLTs deliver CPT more often compared with less‐experienced SLTs. The two most prominent reported barriers include lack of time and CPT‐specific knowledge. What are the clinical implications of this work?: This study suggests reducing the practice–evidence gap by alleviating the main barriers identified, that is, lack of time and CPT‐specific knowledge. Time‐barriers can be addressed by implementing automated natural speech analyses. We additionally advocate for more in‐depth theory and hands‐on practice for CPT in speech and language therapy curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding up to two years and beyond supports the health and neurobiological development of a child. Nevertheless, mothers experience criticism from health professionals towards breastfeeding beyond 12 months. Competence related to breastfeeding counselling is defined as minimum knowledge, skills and attitudes that all health professionals should have to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. Professionals' education related to breastfeeding beyond 12 months is insufficient worldwide which challenges the competent and evidence-based support mothers wish for. Methods: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing literature on health professionals' competencies regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. The search was limited to peer-reviewed scientific papers published between 2000 and 2022 that focused on the competencies of health professionals regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. Seven databases were searched, and of the 884 studies retrieved, seven were included in the review. The studies were subjected to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. The data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis, driven by the concept of competence. Results: All the dimensions of competence could be found in the data. Health professionals' knowledge or skills related to breastfeeding beyond 12 months were explored in all seven studies, and attitudes towards breastfeeding beyond 12 months were explored in four studies. The main themes identified were Knowledge Combined with Skills, and Attitudes. The main theme, Knowledge Combined with Skills, was formed out of eight themes: perceptions regarding nutritional value, perceptions regarding economic value, perceptions regarding family interaction, perceptions regarding impacts on the mother's wellbeing, perceptions regarding impacts on the child's wellbeing, perceptions regarding suitable duration, perceptions regarding recommendations, and counseling skills. The attitudes varied and therefore the Attitudes main theme consisted of three themes: promotive attitudes, hostile attitudes, and passive attitudes towards breastfeeding beyond 12 months. Conclusions: Health professionals' knowledge and skills include several dimensions and vary substantially. Health professionals' attitudes vary between hostile and supportive and influence professionals' advice regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. The results suggested that there is considerable variation in health professionals' competencies, which emphasizes the importance of education regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Parechovirus is a common cause of infection occurring especially during the first years of life. It may present with a broad spectrum of manifestations, ranging from a pauci-symptomatic infection to a sepsis-like or central nervous system disease. Aim of this study is to explore the knowledge on Parechovirus meningitis. According to the purpose of the study, a systematic review of the literature focusing on reports on central nervous system. Parechovirus infection of children was performed following PRISMA criteria. Out of the search, 304 papers were identified and 81 records were included in the revision dealing with epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, imaging, therapy and outcome. Parechovirus meningitis incidence may vary all over the world and outbreaks may occur. Fever is the most common symptom, followed by other non-specific signs and symptoms including irritability, poor feeding, skin rash or seizures. Although several reports describe favourable short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes at discharge after Parechovirus central nervous system infection, a specific follow up and the awareness on the risk of sequelae should be underlined in relation to the reported negative outcome. Evidence seems to suggest a correlation between magnetic imaging resonance alteration and a poor outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful inflammatory disease affecting one in ten biological females. It has been characterized as enigmatic and the average diagnostic delay is nearly seven years, time which patients experience as tumultuous and uncertain. This paper presents responses to a final open comment question of a large-scale survey documenting patients' experiences with (mis)diagnosis and highlights how patients perceived healthcare providers (HCPs) as barriers and facilitators to care. Drawing on a framework of trust, we observed that most participants, when discussing HCP-related barriers, raised concerns about HCPs' lack of technical competence, insufficient knowledge about endometriosis and inadequate medical training, followed by concerns about fidelity in which patients recounted experiences of their symptoms being trivialized or dismissed. Respondents also described a causal relationship between competence and fidelity, whereby a lack of competence was perceived to lead HCPs to be dismissive or neglectful. Respondents underscored how patient self-advocacy efforts and online patient communities helped them manage mistrust with HCPs. Although less frequently described, respondents also highlighted the value of HCPs as facilitators to care that similarly emphasized these two dimensions of trust and their inter-connectedness. We discuss the importance of HCPs in shaping patients' care experiences and, in particular, the value of trust for patients with endometriosis and likely other patient populations who seek legitimacy from the medical community but often feel unheard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital health technologies are a proposed solution to improve healthcare delivery and reduce pressures on the healthcare system, but these technologies are new to much of the health workforce. This perspective paper highlights lessons learned from the global experience of rapid digital transformation of health workforces, including fostering a culture of learning, ensuring accreditation and recognition, and adopting a transdisciplinary approach. Evidence-based actions are proposed to address recommendations to (i) ensure foundational workforce digital health capability and (2) build specialist digital health career pathways. Australia must take a national approach and strategically leverage strong collaborations across sectors including healthcare, education and government to ensure a consistent, regulated and sustainable digital workforce capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the heritage legacy of Gabriel Guarda Geywitz, a religious man who dedicated himself to heritage research from the fields of history, architecture, and theology. After his death in 2020, he left valuable documents, a library, and personal belongings to the Benedictine Monastery of Las Condes. His research focused on the study of space as a shaper of history, both from an architectural and urban perspective. His personal archive, which includes research, papers, and objects, has been created in the monastery and continues to grow thanks to donations from individuals. [Extracted from the article]

There is mounting evidence that the vascular manifestations associated with COVID-19 are linked to ischemic strokes. The emergence of patients with both COVID-19 and cerebrovascular accidents (COV-CVA) has created a need to adjust occupational therapy service delivery for inpatients with this dual diagnosis. This clinical perspective paper conceptualizes COV-CVA as a health condition using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework (ICF). The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-4 was used to guide clinical considerations and recommendations for the evaluation, intervention, and discharge planning of patients with COV-CVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance misuse and mental health disorders are commonly occurring co-morbidities in young people. This paper reports on a pilot project to embed three specialist Alcohol and Other Drug (AoD) workers to be embedded in a youth early psychosis service to upskill mental health clinicians in managing substance misuse. Evaluation of the project used a mixed methods approach. Quantitative results showed that clinical staff members' knowledge of substance misuse, knowledge of AoD treatments and services, and overall confidence in working with young people with a substance misuse issue improved following implementation of the project. Qualitative results indicated four themes which emerged: defining the role of the AoD workers; support and upskilling of the mental health staff; openness and effective communication between the embedded workers and mental health teams; and barriers to collaboration. The results provide support for the embedding of specialist alcohol and drug workers in youth mental health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outcome-based evaluations still dominate in continuing professional development (CPD) despite the availability of evaluation approaches that address program processes and contexts. Our continued reliance on outcomes-based evaluation fails to respect the importance of complexity and the human element of program planning and implementation. Therefore, it is time that the field of CPD embrace complementary approaches to program evaluation that consider the complexity and maturity of programs and their contexts, while providing credible and relevant information to inform strategic decisions regarding the future of a program. Principles-focused evaluation provides a complement to traditional evaluation approaches through the articulation of a program's values that can be actioned. These "actionable values," known as principles, become the focus of the evaluation for the purposes of program decision-making. This paper describes how one CPD program, designed as a response to growing opioid-related harms, adopted a principles-focused evaluation to inform ongoing iteration of the program. The process used to design the principles, how the principles are informing the transportability of the program, and implications for CPD evaluation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-Friendly Health Systems (AFHS) commit to providing evidence-based, low-risk, coordinated care centered on what matters most to older adults, their families, and caregivers. Nova Southeastern University's South Florida Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (NSU SFGWEP) has partnered with primary care clinics to provide AFHS training and support to promote AFHS transformation in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. NSU SFGWEP provides face-to-face and virtual training for AFHS and Electronic Health Record (EHR) documentation as part of the initiative. This project focuses on a group of primary care clinics in Broward County, Florida. In this paper, we evaluate the progress of AFHS transformation through six e-clinical measures that collectively provide indicators of the 4 M framework of AFHS (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, and Mobility). We used provider feedback and e-clinical measures aligned with the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) to measure clinic outcomes. From Jan 1– Dec 31, 2019, to Jan 1–Dec 31, 2020, the clinics improved high-risk medication management (0–3.71%), advanced care planning (6.79%–20.74%), and fall risk assessment (no data- 46.72%). Results demonstrate some success and ongoing opportunities to continue and expand AFHS interventions for sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we contend with whether we still need traditional ethics education as part of healthcare professional training given the abilities of chatGPT (generative pre-trained transformer) and other large language models (LLM). We reflect on common programmatic goals to assess the current strengths and limitations of LLMs in helping to build ethics competencies among future clinicians. Through an actual case analysis, we highlight areas in which chatGPT and other LLMs are conducive to common bioethics education goals. We also comment on where such technologies remain an imperfect substitute for human-led ethics teaching and learning. Finally, we conclude that the relative strengths of chatGPT warrant its consideration as a teaching and learning tool in ethics education in ways that account for current limitations and build in flexibility as the technology evolves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engaging people with lived experience of mental health system encounters in the design and actualization of continuing professional development initiatives for mental health professionals can have transformative systemic impacts. Yet, despite evidence that involving people with lived experience benefits mental health professional education, far less focus has been placed on how to engage people with lived experience in continuing professional development initiatives. Tensions persist regarding the role of lived experience perspectives in continuing professional development, as well as how to establish people with lived experience as partners, educators and leaders in a thoughtful way. We propose that meaningful and equitable partnerships with people with lived experience can be realized by engaging in critical reflexivity and by systematically challenging assumptions. This paper explores three topics: (1) the current state of engagement with people with lived experience in continuing professional development initiatives; (2) barriers to meaningful engagement and (3) recommendations for using critical reflexivity to support the involvement and leadership of people with lived experience in continuing professional development for mental health professionals. Patient or Public Involvement: This viewpoint manuscript was co‐designed and co‐written by people with diverse lived and learned experiences. Each author's professional roles involve meaningfully and equitably partnering with and centring the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental health system encounters. In addition, approximately half of the authorship team identifies as having lived experience of accessing the psychiatric system and/or supporting family members who are navigating challenges related to mental health. These lived and learned experiences informed the conception and writing of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is a call for action to identify areas of concern and promise for the specialty of psychiatric-mental health nursing to flourish in the twenty first century and beyond in the United States. Bits and pieces of this call for action may be relevant to other countries where psychiatric-mental health nursing has had similar trends. However, this paper focuses on the issues, barriers, and politics of education, practice, and research for nurses in the United States who gravitate to psychiatric-mental health and endeavor to rise above the value-laden past that perpetuates the marginalization of not only the specialty, but also the work that PMHN do and for the individuals that they are meant to care for in the new millennial. Much of the history of PMHN knowledge and care is value-laden, biased and riddled in patriarchy, fundamental religious views from centuries ago, and a basic fear of the unknown. It is well over due to sort through the closets and filing cabinets of the specialty's knowledge to clear out the stigma, the myths, the unknown and the "doctor knows best" world view. If PMHN is to survive and truly heal or comfort the suffering that is observed and witnessed first-hand in the twenty first century, a deliberate and purposeful approach is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating patients with up-to-date medical knowledge is an ongoing goal for healthcare workers and implies efficient knowledge management at the point of care. Widely available mobile wireless technologies influence practices but a significant gap remains between technological possibilities and actual usage. The purpose of this study was to analyze residents' baseline practices in managing medical knowledge and to evaluate the use and impact of an innovative multiplatform application dedicated to anesthesiology and intensive care residents. This study took place in Rennes Teaching Hospital and comprised two distinct surveys. First, in April 2018, all residents received a ten-items online survey focusing on managing medical knowledge. Then, through a second online survey constituted of ten items, we sought to assess the use of a new multiplatform cloud-based application named "DansMaBlouse", dedicated to sharing and indexing medical knowledge, in anesthesiology and intensive care residents. Among 148 residents that answered the evaluation survey, the most sought out pieces of information in clinical setting were a phone or fax number (74%), drugs' characteristics (68%) and expert guidelines (57%). The main sources were senior staff (68%), medical databases (60%) and an Internet search engine (59%). Computers and smartphones were more frequently used than bound paper notebooks. After implementation of the multiplatform application DansMaBlouse, fifty-nine (82%) of the 72 residents that answered the evaluation survey reported using the application and 39% used it more than ten times. Among application users, 90% found it easy to use and 92% agreed that it improved point-of-care access to knowledge. Accessing appropriate medical knowledge at the point of care remains an issue for residents and can be improved by a multiplatform application combining personal and shared up-to-date resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The engagement of both school and university has played a significant role in initial teacher education. The focus of this paper is the growth of an alternative style of school-university partnership from a single school to a Hub of 19 school-university partnership, in the inner-west suburbs of Sydney, Australia. Four school and university mentors who have participated over a seven-year period have completed surveys on their engagement. Using a Community of Practice (CoP) theoretical framework to underpin model development, it is possible to showcase the growth of the partnerships as important in informing discussion relating to the implementation of integrated school-university partnerships and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to find out how knowledge and skills in demand by libraries compare with librarians' preoccupations and aspirations. Two sets of data were analysed using content analysis. A) 972 criteria in 127 Australian library-related job advertisements (from 2021) were coded against ALIA's Foundation knowledge for entry-level library and information professionals. B) 465 articles published in INCITE (an Australian professional LIS magazine) from 2018 to 2020 were mapped against the framework afforded by the IFLA Trend Report 2019 Update. From the ten domains in ALIA's foundation knowledge, behavioural skills were the most sought domain in the job advertisements (84.3% of advertisements), followed by those of leadership and management (58.3%), digital technologies (49.6%), and literacies and learning (22%). Professionalism (5.5%) and research (14.2%) were the least sought domains. Of the three key trends identified by IFLA, the top preoccupation in the professional literature was found to be 'dealing with uncertainty' (60.2% of articles). This is the first study to analyse both job advertisements and professional literature and map them against expected professional competencies and the sector's emerging trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study investigated how senior residential aged care staff perceived the purpose, function, impact and challenges of implementing a new role in their organisation for an unregistered care worker with a Bachelor of Dementia Care: the Dementia Care Support Worker. The role was piloted over two years in an Australian organisation with three aged care facilities to examine its potential to address gaps in service provision for people with dementia. Background: The residential aged care workforce is under pressure to care for residents with increasingly complex health conditions and where most care is provided by care workers. Presently no formal leadership role exists for care workers with specialised dementia knowledge in the aged care setting. Study design and methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was taken to explore senior staff members' perceptions of the role at two time points. Twenty-three semi-structured interviews held in July-August 2017 (n = 12), soon after role commencement, and in February-March 2019 (n = 11) were thematically analysed. Results: Three themes reflected senior staff members' expectations of the role: enhancing staff and management knowledge about dementia and dementia care practices; facilitating changes to improve care for residents living with dementia; and educating and supporting residents' families. Eighteen months later, participants felt the role was helping meet the need for improved care of residents with dementia, and staff understanding of dementia. They suggested communication and support structures to improve role effectiveness. Discussion: Staff were receptive to the establishment of the Dementia Care Support Worker role and felt it resulted in improvement in dementia care. Success was contingent on strong organisational support and resourcing. Conclusion: Improving dementia knowledge of care staff is an essential first step in driving care quality improvements. The Dementia Care Support Worker role for care workers has the potential to address knowledge needs and support improved care practices. Implications for research, policy, and practice: This research models how a new role might be configured for unregistered care workers with specialist dementia knowledge. Further research is needed to explore the establishment of such a role more widely in other organisations, to investigate whether it could provide a new career development pathway for care workers and improve the skills and capacity of the aged care workforce. Substantial policy changes would also be required to support role viability, such as around increased salary. Research which examines the impact of such roles on care outcomes would complement the findings. What is already known about the topic? • While dementia is common in residential aged care, knowledge of dementia is typically low among the care staff. • Consequently, care staff are not equipped to meet the complex needs of residents with dementia and their families. • New roles for unregistered care workers with specialised dementia knowledge have been proposed, but not tested. What this paper adds • This research models how a new role might be configured for care workers with specialist dementia knowledge. • Aged care facility leaders support a role for care workers with formal specialist dementia knowledge and skills, and perceive the role helps improve the quality of resident care and develop stakeholders' dementia knowledge. • Appropriate communication and support structures are required for the effective establishment of the role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapy process research focuses on understanding how therapy is conducted by professionals in the field. It is a nascent field of psychotherapy enquiry in India. This paper explores how novice therapists in India perceive their clients, and how this influences the process of therapy. In depth interviews were conducted with ten novice therapists, with less than six years of practice experience, from Mumbai, India. The data was thematically analysed. The data revealed that therapists' perceptions of their clients were defined by socio‐demographic features of age and gender, along with presenting complaints and personal attributes. Participants had defined beliefs about good clients as contrasted with difficult ones. Distinct preferences for particular client types were identified. The antecedents to these beliefs were attributed to the therapist's worldview, their training and the supervision received. These views, and the conceptualisation of the client, influenced the choice of client, the process of therapy and how they proceeded with sessions, and their methods of referral. The data from the study has implications for therapist training, supervision and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the document Letter of his Holiness Pope John Paul II to Artists, John Paul II pointed out that artists, with their creation, perform a professional social service for the benefit of the common good through the "spirituality of artistic service", which, through the perspective of "educational art," contributes to the life and revival of the individual and society. Since that document does not specify what a model of such spirituality would consist of, the goal of this paper is to offer a proposal for the theoretical elaboration of its potential framework. The topic is discussed from the perspective of Christian theological aesthetics. The starting point for the development of the spirituality of the artistic service model is Christian artistic creation. The indicated theoretical framework of the spirituality of artistic service is based on three dimensions of Christian artistic creation. The first represents Christian artistic creation that points to the depths of the mystery of the sacred through Christian symbols. The second dimension of Christian artistic creation relies on the contemporary form of religious imagery in changed cultural circumstances in order to adequately present a transcendent perspective of the meaning of existence. The third dimension of Christian artistic creation awakens admiration in the recipients through artistic contemplation, thus enabling a spiritual transformation and serving as the bearer of eschatological hope. In the end, it is shown that this model of spirituality in artistic service can serve as a good theoretical framework for the implementation of three new dimensions of Christian art suitable for the contemporary cultural environment: mystagogic, existential, and contemplative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a condition which affects an individual's ability to use and understand language. Terminological confusion, and the use of non‐evidence‐based diagnostic criteria has impacted access to services for this population for several decades. Changes in terminology and diagnosis were proposed as part of a UK‐based consensus study, Criteria and Terminology Applied to Language Impairments (CATALISE), in 2016 and 2017. Since the publication of the recommendations, there have been active efforts across several English‐speaking countries to support uptake of these recommendations into policy and practice. Aims: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of individuals who have been leading the dissemination of the CATALISE recommendations since their publication in 2017. The study was undertaken to inform future implementation efforts aimed at facilitating the adoption of the recommendations into policy and practice. Methods & Procedures: Researchers, practitioners and parents from nine countries were recruited to the study (n = 27). Online focus groups and semi‐structured interviews were conducted using topic guides informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. Preliminary findings were member‐checked prior to completion of the analysis. Outcomes & Results: CATALISE recommendations were described as partially adopted by participants. Dissemination strategies included building a coalition, conducting educational meetings, and developing educational materials. Common barriers to implementation related to the complexity and compatibility of the recommendations, and practitioner confidence. Four themes were identified across the data set to guide future implementation efforts: (a) ride the wave, craft the narrative (b) reach across the divide, be brave (c) create space for multiple voices and, (d) support for speech and language therapistss on the front line. Conclusions & Implications: Individuals with DLD and their families should be included in future implementation planning. Engaged leadership is essential to address issues of complexity, compatibility, sustainability and practitioner confidence if CATALISE recommendations are to be integrated into service workflow and processes. Implementation science can provide a useful lens to progress future research in this area. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject: Dissemination efforts have been undertaken to facilitate the uptake of recommendations from a UK‐based consensus study (CATALISE) in relation to developmental language disorder since publication across several countries. What this study adds to existing knowledge: The required changes in diagnostic practice are complex to implement. A lack of compatibility with healthcare processes and low practitioner self‐efficacy were also identified as a challenge to implementation. What are the potential or actual clinical observations of this work?: Parents and individuals with developmental language disorder need to be engaged as partners in future implementation planning. Organisational leaders need to facilitate the contextual integration of the changes within service systems. Speech and language therapists require ongoing case‐based opportunities to enhance their confidence and clinical reasoning skills to implement CATALISE recommendations successfully in their everyday practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, the complexity of the teaching profession has been downplayed in the course of repeated systemic reforms, wherein the profession is increasingly viewed as a technical operation. In response to this trend, the concept of "reflective practitioner" (Schön, D. A.) has been proposed as a counterpoint. While it has influenced the discussion of teacher education reform thereafter, it has also been coopted into what Gert Biesta calls "learnification" of teacher education. This paper outlines the trends and debates of teacher education reform in Japan and discusses ways to avoid the "learnification" of teacher education. This paper speaks directly to Item No. 1 of the 8 challenges put forward by the APJTE editors, which concerns the redefinition of teaching "as a technical operation aimed at the effective production of measurable learning outcomes" and its implications for teacher agency, identity and professionalism. It uses Japan as a case to depict the situation in which the trivialisation of teaching into a technical operation and the de-professionalisation of the teaching profession are proceeding not only through the action of educational policy but also through the interaction with discourses that are intended to criticise it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advances in health equity rely on representation of diverse groups in population health research samples. Despite progress in the diversification of research samples, continued expansion to include systematically excluded groups is needed to address health inequities. One such group that is infrequently represented in population health research are adults with intellectual disability. Individuals with intellectual disability experience pervasive health disparities. Representation in population health research is crucial to determine the root causes of inequity, understand the health of diverse populations, and address health disparities. The purpose of this paper was to develop recommendations for researchers to increase the accessibility of university health research and to support the inclusion of adults with intellectual disability as participants in health research. Methods: A comprehensive literature review, consultation with the university ethics review board, and review of United States federal regulations was completed to identify barriers to research participation for individuals with intellectual disability. A collaborative stakeholder working group developed recommendations and products to increase the accessibility of university research for participants with intellectual disability. Results: Eleven key barriers to research participation were identified including gaps in researchers' knowledge, lack of trust, accessibility and communication challenges, and systematic exclusion among others. Together the stakeholder working group compiled seven general recommendations for university health researchers to guide inclusion efforts. Recommendations included: 1) address the knowledge gap, 2) build community partnerships, 3) use plain language, 4) simplify consent and assent processes, 5) establish research capacity to consent, 6) offer universal supports and accommodations, and 7) practice accessible dissemination. In addition, four products were created as part of the stakeholder working group to be shared with researchers to support the inclusion of participants with intellectual disability. 1) Supports I Need Checklist, 2) Plain language glossary of health and research terms, 3) Understanding Consent and Assent in Plain Language, 4) Easy-Read Paper Template. Conclusion: Community members and individuals with intellectual disability want to be included in research and are eager to engage as research participants. It is the responsibility of the researcher to open the door to university health research. The recommendations discussed in this paper could increase accessibility for a broader range of research participants and, in particular, promote the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability to advance health equity in population health research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevention of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs) can be achieved through systematic surveillance and intervention through the implementation of care bundles. An integral component of the care bundles is the central line insertion and maintenance checklists. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to investigate the compliance rate of the nursing staff with the central line insertion and maintenance care checklists as well as the factors affecting it. Material and Methods: Search was performed on PubMed (April 05, 2021) with the keywords: "nurse*", "nursing staff", "compliance", "central line insertion checklist" and "central line maintenance checklist", without time limit for the publication of scientific papers. Keywords were searched in the title and abstract of the studies. Studies were excluded if they were not published in the English language, were conducted on animals, and were case studies, editorials, and letters to the editor. Results: Of the scientific papers retrieved, 5 were included in the systematic review. The compliance rate of nursing staff with central line insertion and maintenance checklists ranged from 8.4% to 74.3% and from 11.4% to 77.3%, respectively. Regarding the factors affecting the compliance of nursing staff with both types of checklists, these were the nurse-to-patient ratio and the number of beds of nursing wards. Conclusions: Compliance rates with the central line insertion and maintenance checklists are moderate and low. Interventions are required that will increase compliance rates leading to lower CLABSI rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the knowledge transfer of internationally mobile scientists. It builds upon previous work on the development of methods for detecting the knowledge transfer of German scientists. Using abstract terms of publications covered in Scopus, this paper proposes a lexical‐based approach to identify knowledge transmitters. These scientists are characterized by acquiring knowledge from their co‐workers during their international stay and transferring it upon return to German co‐workers. Knowledge is operationalized as the co‐occurrence of rarely used abstract terms. Knowledge transfer is expressed as the diffusion of these term combinations in co‐authorship networks. The method developed was validated by contacting the bibliometrically identified knowledge transmitters and asking them what they believe they learned during their stay abroad. A control group of internationally mobile scientists without traceable knowledge transfer was similarly asked to report on their knowledge acquisition. The findings suggest that bibliometric data are capable of detecting knowledge transmitters among German scientists who were internationally mobile. The juxtaposition of the responses on their perceived knowledge acquisition and the bibliometrically identified lexical terms shows that the method proposed is well suited to studying the knowledge transfer of internationally mobile scientists. The strength of the method is its simplicity and high precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to update and explore the extant literature (2011-2020) regarding ethics knowledge in audiology and to compare the findings to an earlier study (2001-2010). Method: This systematic review employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, MasterFILE Premier, E-Journals, Africa-Wide information and Academic Search Premier electronic databases, and non--peerreviewed papers in Seminars in Hearing yielded a total of 63 papers. Following systematic screening using inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 12 full-text papers were included in this review. Pertinent data and findings from the review were tabulated and analyzed using a qualitative, deductive approach. Results showed that the 12 papers were published in nine peer-reviewed journals with a predominantly social scientific approach. This differs from the earlier review that reported only five papers with a predominantly philosophical approach. However, both the current and earlier studies focused on the rehabilitation/ management role of the audiologist. In the earlier study, the focus was on moral judgment (as one of the components of moral behavior), whereas this was the focus of only half of the papers identified in this study, with the remaining papers focusing on moral sensitivity and moral motivation. Conclusions: The focus of papers had evolved and continued to include more elements related to the multiple perspectives used to analyze and describe ethics research. The body of knowledge of ethics in audiology specifically expanded in the area of social scientific research, focusing on beneficence and nonmaleficence, including moral motivation and basing research on moral judgment with the emphasis on the rehabilitation/management and education/ research/administration role of audiologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse to what extent Italian industrial districts (IDs), with their traditional manufacturing specialization, experimented a territorial servitisation process in terms of spread of specifically professional and technological knowledge-intensive business services' activities over the period 2012–2018. Design/methodology/approach: This paper articulates knowledge-intensive business services activities in two types, technological knowledge-intensive business services and professional knowledge-intensive business services. It tracks their growth and their co-location with manufacturing sectors in Italian IDs by means of firm employment data and location quotients. Firm employment data is extracted from Statistical Archive of Active firms (ASIA) data set provided by Italian National Institute for Statistics (ISTAT). ASIA data is matched with ISTAT territorial identification of Italian local labour systems and IDs. Findings: In 2018, Italian IDs featured, next to their traditional over-specialisation in manufacturing activities, an under-specialisation in knowledge-intensive business services' activities. Nevertheless, the dynamic analysis carried out over the period 2012–2018 shows that IDs firm employment in technological knowledge-intensive business services and professional knowledge-intensive business services grew at a higher rate than the national average. Originality/value: The novelty of this paper is to distinguish between technological knowledge-intensive business services and professional knowledge-intensive business services and to measure the presence and the growth of these two different types of knowledge-intensive business services in Italian IDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal Assistants (PA) or client‐hired workers are directly employed by people needing care and support, often making use of government funding. In the context of Covid‐19, questions emerged about how this workforce is supported to practice safely. This paper reports PAs' understanding and views of infection control during the early months of the Covid‐19 pandemic in England. Telephone interviews were undertaken with 41 PAs between 16th April and 21st May 2020. PAs were recruited from a sample that had participated in a previous study in 2014–16. Interview questions focused on changes arising from the pandemic. Data were transcribed and analysed using Framework analysis. This paper focuses on PAs' perceptions of their role and responsibilities in preventing and managing infection. Arising themes were identified about barriers and facilitators affecting infection control in five areas: accessing information, social isolation, handwashing, hygiene, personal protective equipment and potential attitude to vaccines. Infection prevention and control are under‐researched in the home care sector generally and efforts are needed to develop knowledge of how to manage infection risks in home settings by non‐clinically trained staff such as PAs and how to engage home care users with these efforts, especially when they are the direct employers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through an epistemological stance of post-structural feminism, this conceptual paper explores the use of language within eating disorders (ED) intervention articles, and the problematic narratives and power dynamics that are reinforced through this discourse. The paper begins with a vignette coupled with reflexive analysis of the authors' experiences within a hospital-based ED unit. The authors then engage in a post-structural feminist analysis to discuss how language within ED intervention research relay problematic narratives of: (1) the individual with an ED as passively, not actively, engaged in care; (2) that their experiences can be captured and categorized; and (3) that measurement based scientific knowledge is more valuable than the lived experiences of clients. Overall, the authors argue that these narratives not only shape how social work researchers think of EDs, but also what we think of those with EDs. These themes also signal a larger power dynamic that continuously favours the epistemic value of researchers' knowledge over that of the client's, which runs contrary to the guiding principles of client-centered care in social work. To address these critiques, the authors recommend that social work researchers adopt an eco-social phenomenological approach informed by post-structural feminism when conducting ED intervention research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an in-depth study and analysis of the relevance of early childhood education to occupational psychotherapy using a virtual-assisted affective interaction approach. Starting from the educational theory of interactive cognitive psychology, the theoretical basis for parent-child picture book education for interactive learning is explored, as well as the theoretical development after the introduction of AR technology. Firstly, the analysis of young children's emotions involves massive image processing, and the use of cloud computing architecture leads to high latency, while young children's safety is a latency-sensitive service. Secondly, face recognition accuracy based on static images is not high due to problems such as inconspicuous facial features of toddlers and low-quality kindergarten surveillance videos. In this paper, a face identity correction model based on location features is proposed and the superiority of the model is demonstrated through experiments. Finally, this paper analyzes and mines the emotional data of young children. The level of kindergarten teachers' awareness of early childhood mental health education generally showed an upward trend as their titles rose, and there were significant differences in the seven dimensions of early childhood mental health, the purpose and meaning of early childhood mental health education, implementers, targets, content, pathways, and effects; significant differences existed between teachers of different kindergarten natures, and there were significant differences in the purpose and meaning of early childhood mental health education, implementers, targets, content, pathways, effects, and mental health education for young children. Therefore, this paper proposes a face identity correction model based on position information, which considers both the correlation between pixel values in the spatial domain and the correlation between frames in the temporal domain. This paper has developed an emotion analysis system for kindergartens and put it into use in kindergartens to meet the needs of monitoring the safety of young children and evaluating early childhood education and has received good feedback from users, demonstrating the effectiveness of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes prevalence is increasing; the technologies and medicines used to manage diabetes have become more complex, and the specialist health workforce with qualifications in diabetes is insufficient. Generalist health professionals have limited diabetes knowledge, despite engaging with people with diabetes in healthcare daily. An innovative framework is needed to align with the Australian National Diabetes Strategy to build a competent, flexible and adaptive workforce to promote excellence in diabetes care. A three-staged modified Delphi technique was used to identify a consensus Capability Framework for Diabetes Care (the 'Framework'). An implementation phase followed, involving representation from people with diabetes and key health professional organisations to co-design and implement the 'Framework'. The 'Framework' can guide curricula at universities and TAFE institutes, and the professional development and practice of Australian nurses, allied health professionals, First Nations Australians health workers and practitioners, pharmacists, midwives and health assistants when delivering care to people living with diabetes. The 'Framework' defines nine core capabilities that healthcare providers require to deliver diabetes care effectively, underpinned by three sets of attributes for seven practice levels to enable the workforce. Information within the practice levels provides a nationally consistent approach to learning and training different healthcare providers in the essential elements of diabetes care. A 'living' evidence-based national 'Framework' for the whole health workforce and associated online resources will help promote a more responsive health workforce delivering better and more equitable diabetes care. What is known about the topic? Increasing diabetes prevalence is straining the diabetes-qualified workforce's capacity to provide care and lessen the human and financial impact of diabetes. What does this paper add? The paper introduces the first 'living' national capability framework to guide widespread health workforce training to deliver consistent, evidence-based diabetes care, increasing flexibility in addressing health system challenges. What are the implications for practitioners? Health professionals can use the framework to develop their knowledge and competence, and university and college course coordinators can benchmark their curriculum and determine implementation methods to meet quality standards and community expectations of diabetes care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, related with increased morbidity indicators. The implementation of care bundles can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP leading to higher quality of care provided. Aim: The investigation of the compliance rate of nursing staff with VAP prevention bundle. Methods: Search was performed on PubMed (April 06,2021) with the keywords: "nurse*", "nursing staff", "compliance", "ventilator-associated pneumonia" and "VAP", without time limit for the publication of scientific papers. Keywords were searched in the title and abstract of the studies. Studies were excluded if they were not published in English language, were conducted on animals and were case studies, editorials and letters to the editor. Results: Of the scientific papers retrieved, 6 were included in the systematic review. In the majority of studies, the following care bundle for VAP prevention was implemented: 1) elevation of the head of the bed to 30°-45°, 2) performance of spontaneous breathing trials with sedatives turned off, 3) stress ulcer prophylaxis, 4) thromboembolism prophylaxis and 5) regular oral care with chlorhexidine. The compliance rate of nursing staff with VAP prevention bundle ranged from 5% to 87%. Conclusions: There is a great variability in compliance rate of nursing staff with the VAP prevention bundle. Low compliance with VAP prevention bundles can lead to increased healthcare costs and low quality of healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts the method of psychological data analysis to conduct in-depth research and analysis on the correlation between teachers' classroom teaching behaviors and students' knowledge acceptance. Firstly, this paper proposes a health factor prediction model, which is specifically divided into clustering and then classification model and a clustering and classification synthesis model. The classroom learning process is coded, sampled, and quantified to obtain data on students' learning behaviors, and a visualization system based on classroom students' learning behaviors is designed and developed to record and analyze students' behaviors in the classroom learning process and grasp students' classroom learning. These two models use algorithms to fine-grained divide the dataset from the perspective of subject users and mental health factors, respectively, and then use decision tree algorithms to classify and predict the mental health factor information by the subject user base information. Second, based on the collected datasets, we designed comparison experiments to validate the clustering-then-classification model and the integrated clustering-classification model and selected the optimal model for comparison. Teachers should increase effective praise and encouragement behaviors; teachers should increase meaningful teacher-student interaction behaviors; teachers should be proficient in teaching media technology to reduce unnecessary time wastage. Strategies to enhance teachers' TPACK include enriching teachers' knowledge base of CK, TK, and PK; developing teachers' integration thinking; and enriching teachers' types of activities for integrating technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical research in primary care is relatively scarce. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are research infrastructures to overcome hurdles associated with conducting studies in primary care. In Norway, almost all 5.4 million inhabitants have access to a general practitioner (GP) through a patient-list system. This gives opportunity for a PBRN with reliable information about the general population. The aim of the current paper is to describe the establishment, organization and function of PraksisNett (the Norwegian Primary Care Research Network). We describe the development, funding and logistics of PraksisNett as a nationwide PBRN. PraksisNett received funding from the Research Council of Norway for an establishment period of five years (2018–2022). It is comprised of two parts; a human infrastructure (employees, including academic GPs) organized as four regional nodes and a coordinating node and an IT infrastructure comprised by the Snow system in conjunction with the Medrave M4 system. The core of the infrastructure is the 92 general practices that are contractually linked to PraksisNett. These include 492 GPs, serving almost 520,000 patients. Practices were recruited during 2019–2020 and comprise a representative mix of rural and urban settings spread throughout all regions of Norway. Norway has established a nationwide PBRN to reduce hurdles for conducting clinical studies in primary care. Improved infrastructure for clinical studies in primary care is expected to increase the attractiveness for studies on the management of disorders and diseases in primary care and facilitate international research collaboration. This will benefit both patients, GPs and society in terms of improved quality of care. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are research infrastructures to overcome hurdles associated with conducting studies in primary care Improved infrastructure for clinical studies in primary care is expected to increase the attractiveness for studies on the management of disorders and diseases in primary care and facilitate international research collaboration We describe PraksisNett, a Norwegian PBRN consisting of 92 general practices including 492 GPs, serving almost 520,000 patients An advanced and secure IT infrastructure connects the general practices to PraksisNett and makes it possible to identify and recruit patients in a novel way, as well as reuse clinical data PraksisNett will benefit both patients, GPs and society in terms of improved quality of care This paper may inform and inspire initiatives to establish PBRNs elsewhere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on genomics has increased while the biobank activities are becoming more common in different countries. In the mental health field, the questions concerning the potential participants' vulnerability as well as capacity to give the informed consent can cause reluctancy in recruiting persons with mental health problems, although the knowledge and understanding of mental health problems has remarkable changed, and practice is guided with inclusive approaches, such as recovery approach. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the current knowledge of informed consent practices in the context of genomic research on mental health from the nurses' viewpoint. Methods: An integrative review was conducted with search from seven international databases. Data consist 14 publications which were analyzed with thematic analysis. Ethical considerations: Ethical requirements were respected in every phase of the research process. Findings: Most of the papers were published in USA and between 2000–2010. Eight reports were categorized as discussion papers, four qualitative studies and one quantitative study. The thematic analysis provided information on five themes: complexity with the capacity to consent, mixed emotions towards participation, factors influencing the decision to participate, nurses' informed consent process competence and variations between consent procedures. Discussion: In the informed consent practices, there are various aspects which may affect both the willingness to participate in the study and the informed consent process itself. Implications for practice, education, research, and policies are discussed. Conclusion: There is a need for more updated international research on the topic in the context of different international and national guidelines, legislation, and directives. This study provided a viewpoint to the more collaborative research activities with people with lived experiences also in this field of research following the ideas of recovery approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 6–9% of trainees will have performance issues of variable degrees with 3–5% of trainees struggling to complete their training and requiring additional targeted time or an extension of training. Some even leave the profession. The environment is complex, often chaotic and overstretched, and, now, made more difficult due to the impact of COVID-19 on medical training. Addressing learning and implementing new behaviours is a challenge and important, as there are still 'never events', and medical errors sadly can include wilful neglect and assault. Such traumatic experiences can be a huge drain of resources for faculty, who often feel underprepared to deal with such occurrences. Failure to address them can lead to bitterness and loss of the medical workforce, rarely suicide, huge remedial costs, and legal challenges to educational institutions and employers. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of why trainees struggle and/or fail and to be able to analyse the causes of poor performance; to know how to pick up these issues early and raise them; and to ultimately deal effectively with performance problems to get a good outcome for the trainees, patients, and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rare bone diseases (RBDs) are a heterogenous group of disorders that are poorly understood and challenging to treat. This creates a plethora of unmet needs for people with RBDs as well as their families and care providers, including diagnostic delays, limited access to expert care, and a lack of specialized treatments. The RBD Summit, which took place across 2 days in November 2021, was a virtual meeting of 65 RBD experts from clinical, academic, and patient communities as well as the pharmaceutical industry. The first meeting of its kind, the RBD Summit aimed to facilitate dialog and information exchange between delegates to advance knowledge and awareness of RBDs and improve patient outcomes. Methods: Key challenges were discussed, and actions for overcoming them were proposed, including how obstacles to diagnosis can be overcome by (a) improving awareness of RBDs, (b) the implementation of a person-centered care pathway, and (c) how to narrow the communication gap between patients and healthcare professionals. Results: Agreed actions were categorized as short term and long term, and priorities determined. Conclusion: In this position paper, we provide an overview of key discussions from the RBD Summit, summarize the subsequent action plan, and discuss the next steps in this continued collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What Is Known on the Subject?: The Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) has been widely translated and implemented in diverse mental healthcare settings to improve prevention of violence.It is valued as a brief but effective tool in clinical practice. What the Paper Adds to Existing Knowledge?: This review is the largest and most comprehensive international review of the BVC conducted in the 25+ years since the inception of the instrument in 1995. It integrates findings from existing studies and establishes that the tool has many impressive strengths considering the brief time investment required for completion.The review reveals that the tool has been used in more than 20 different countries around the world in a variety of mental health and other settings as both a risk assessment tool to guide clinical practice and as a formally structured intervention to minimize violence.There is much variation in how the tool is implemented and scored in different services. This variation questions its applicability as a resource and consistency and its use needs attention. This variation in use also limits the conclusions regarding best practices. What Are the Implications for Practice?: The review supports the use of the BVC as one part of the package for mental health services committed to preventive action aimed at reducing violence and coercion.The review identified that the patient perspective was often absent when completing the BVC, and so this should be considered as an option by services as part of a collaborative philosophy of care. Introduction: Existing literature on the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) is examined in the context of usability, implementation and validity to provide evidence‐based recommendations on its application and identify opportunities for future development. Aim/Question: To identify current knowledge on the BVC and guide clinicians and researchers toward the next steps in using this tool in clinical practice to prevent violence in healthcare settings. Method: A scoping review approach with a meta‐analysis supplement was adopted to broadly identify and map available evidence on the BVC and provide specific estimates of predictive validity in different contexts. Results: Sixty‐two studies conducted in 23 countries addressed the implementation of the BVC across various settings. Many studies adapted the original BVC, and the clinical utility was noted as an important feature. A meta‐analysis of the original BVC format estimated a pooled area under the curve at 0.83 (95% CI 0.78–0.87) in a subset of 15 studies. Discussion The BVC combines high predictive validity and good clinical utility across a wide range of settings and cultures. It should continue to be incorporated into routine practice in mental health services focused on preventing violence and coercion. Implications for practice: Development of collaborative approaches with service users involved in assessing their own risk of future violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Partnership research practices involving various stakeholder groups are gaining ground. Yet, the research community is still exploring how to effectively coproduce research together. This study describes (a) key programme developments in the creation of a 6‐year partnership research programme in Sweden, and (b) explores the hopes, expectations, and experiences of patient innovators (i.e., individuals with lived experience as patients or caregivers who drive health innovations) and researchers involved in the programme during the first years. Methods: We conducted a prospective longitudinal qualitative study spanning the first 2 years of the programme. Data consisted of meeting protocols and interviews with 14 researchers and 6 patient innovators; 39 interviews were carried out in three evenly‐spaced rounds. We identified significant events and discussion themes in the meeting protocols and analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis, applying a cross‐sectional recurrent approach to track changes over time. Findings: Meeting protocols revealed how several partnership practices (e.g., programme management team, task forces, role description document) were cocreated, supporting the sharing of power and responsibilities among programme members. Based on the analysis of interviews, we created three themes: (1) paving the path to a better tomorrow, reflecting programme members' high expectations; (2) going on a road trip together, reflecting experiences of finding new roles and learning how to cocreate; (3) finding the tempo: from talking to doing, reflecting experiences of managing challenges and becoming productive as a team. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sharing, respecting, and acknowledging each other's experiences and concerns helps build mutual trust and shape partnership practices. High expectations beyond research productivity suggest that we need to consider outcomes at different levels, from the individual to society, when evaluating the impact of partnership research. Patient or Public Contribution: The research team included members with formal experiences as researchers and members with lived experiences of being a patient or informal caregiver. One patient innovator coauthored this paper and contributed to all aspects of the research, including the design of the study; production of data (as interviewee); interpretation of findings; and drafting the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with ever-improving technology, considerable progress has been made in the approaches available to develop mobility assistive technology systems. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to anticipate the future of assistive technologies of navigation and mobility for people with severe visual disabilities in the next twenty years (2021–2041). METHODS: We conducted a technology foresight exercise by identifying promising technologies and invited over 20,000 researchers worldwide to share their views on the future of assistive technologies for people with visual impairment. The technologies and respondents were identified from specialized journals indexed on Web of Science. RESULTS: Most respondents believe computer vision will be the most important assistive technology group for mobility and navigation for visually impaired people, especially with haptic feedback. They also believe that voice and vibrotactile are the most relevant feedback and that glasses and smartphones will be the most important tools for visual impairment support. CONCLUSIONS: While costs and lack of user training may hamper the development and use of these new technologies, they represent the future of assistive technology for people with visual impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With more disease- and symptom-specific measures available and research pointing to increased usefulness, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be routinely used in clinical care. PROMs increase efficiency in healthcare, improve the clinician–patient relationship, and increase patient satisfaction with their care. PROMs can be administered before, during, and after clinic visits using paper-and-pencil, mobile phones, tablets, and computers. Herein, we combine available literature with expert views to discuss overcoming barriers and helping dermatologists incorporate PROMs into routine patient-centered care. We believe dermatology patients will benefit from broader PROM implementation and routine clinical use. However, a few major barriers exist: (1) cost to implement the technology, (2) selecting the right PROMs for each disease, and (3) helping both patients and clinicians understand how PROMs add to and complement their current clinical experience. We provide recommendations to assist dermatologists when considering whether to implement PROMs in their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most basic understandings of nursing is that a nurse is a caregiver for a patient who helps to prevent illness, treat health conditions, and manage the physical needs of patients. Nursing is often presented as a caring profession, which provides patient care driven by ideals of empathy, compassion and kindness. These ideals of care have further been foregrounded through the development and implementation of stress on patient centred care (PCC) and/or person‐centred practice (PCP). Although the idealisation of nursing as a caring profession is common, and one certainly seen as integral by nurses and written into the heart of regulatory documentation, we contend that the actual delivery of care is being undercut by the very regulatory climate that strives to professionalise care. As we outline, with specific reference to the context of Australian Nursing, this transformation delivers a commodified, even McDonaldized, model of patient management rather than care. It seems that even with its explicit stress on PCC and PCP, Australian Nursing cannot live up to its own care ideals. Having outlined this problem, the paper then demonstrates the ways in which PCC is thwarted at the coal face of nursing practice and that there must be an institutionalised change to be able to provide genuine patient‐centred care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minor ailment service (MAS) is a professional pharmacy service assisting patients to manage minor ailments. MAS involves a structured consultation process with protocols which delineate professional practice. INDICA+PRO is a project, started in 2017, which evaluates the impact and subsequently implementation of MAS in Spanish community pharmacies. This paper reports on the experience of implementing the service in a single pharmacy. Implementation factors (barriers and facilitators) were detected and a series of strategies were developed and used as part of the implementation program of MAS through a practice program, INDICA+PRO. The implementation strategies, such as highlighting the advantages of MAS for the pharmacy, incentives for the provision of the service and/or the distribution of tasks within the team were used to overcome barriers. Facilitators included the availability of a consultation room in the pharmacy, good relationships with nearby health centers and the provision of other professional services in the pharmacy. The advantages obtained from MAS, following the inclusion in the software (SEFAC eXPERT®) of the agreed protocols and clinical information, were improved patient follow-up, increased communication within the team and with patients, the pharmacy having a clinical history of the minor ailments and the ability of being able to prepare standardized reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As the world population ages, health and social care professionals are increasingly confronted with patients with chronic long-term conditions and multimorbidity, requiring an extensive assessment and integrated care management strategy. The aim of this paper was to systematically collect and assess evidence of interprofessional education and training strategies for Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to build a competent health workforce. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the databases Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane and Embase were searched for studies illustrating effectiveness of educational interventions for teaching and training CGA in an interprofessional context. Results: Based on 21 identified studies, a great variability and heterogeneity in duration, setting and design of the interventions was identified. Promising results were found in the domains analysed, ranging from knowledge and skills; practices and behaviour; patient health outcomes; attitudes and perceptions to collaboration and quality of care. Discussion: Education and training of transversal skills within a continuous learning approach is key to equip the health care workforce for successful CGA performance in an interprofessional environment. Conclusion: Further research in this field is recommended to strengthen the evidencebase towards development of a resilient and integrated health care workforce for an ageing population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing need for psychologists with specialized training in geriatric mental health competencies. The Geriatric Scholars Program for Psychologists (GSP-P) was created to address this shortage within a large integrated healthcare system. In 2019, GSP-P piloted an advanced workshop designed to enhance expertise in geriatric mental health competencies among graduates of its foundational competencies core course. The workshop included 3.5 days of expert-led seminars regarding the biopsychosocial needs of older adults with chronic medical illness and was followed by completion of an individualized learning plan. This paper describes the evaluation of the course using a mixed methods with data collected prior to the workshop, immediately post-workshop, and six months post-workshop. Results indicated enthusiasm for the workshop, significant improvements in four geropsychology domains on the Pikes Peak Geropsychology Knowledge and Skill Assessment Tool, and benefit from completion of the independent learning plans. Our findings demonstrate that continued enhancement of geropsychology competencies through advanced coursework is feasible and improves knowledge and skill, particularly when combined with individualized learning plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how the use of multiple platforms is tied to awareness of algorithms. It builds on the premise that users interact with ecologies or environments of technologies rather than single platforms. The study also supplements work on algorithmic awareness by implementing a mixed-method study to account for how Costa Rican users of Netflix and Spotify understood and related to the algorithms of these platforms. This study combined a survey of 258 participants and 21 in-depth semistructured interviews. Findings demonstrate that multi-platform users were more aware of algorithms and carried out more practical actions to obtain algorithmic recommendations than single-platform users. Although user type did not predict participants' attitudes towards algorithmic recommendations, higher levels of awareness were associated with more positive attitudes towards algorithms. The study also shows that differences in levels of awareness explained users' emotional arousal derived from algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Context.--Machine learning (ML) allows for the analysis of massive quantities of high-dimensional clinical laboratory data, thereby revealing complex patterns and trends. Thus, ML can potentially improve the efficiency of clinical data interpretation and the practice of laboratory medicine. However, the risks of generating biased or unrepresentative models, which can lead to misleading clinical conclusions or overestimation of the model performance, should be recognized. Objectives.--To discuss the major components for creating ML models, including data collection, data preprocessing, model development, and model evaluation. We also highlight many of the challenges and pitfalls in developing ML models, which could result in misleading clinical impressions or inaccurate model performance, and provide suggestions and guidance on how to circumvent these challenges. Data Sources.--The references for this review were identified through searches of the PubMed database, US Food and Drug Administration white papers and guidelines, conference abstracts, and online preprints. Conclusions.--With the growing interest in developing and implementing ML models in clinical practice, laboratorians and clinicians need to be educated in order to collect sufficiently large and high-quality data, properly report the data set characteristics, and combine data from multiple institutions with proper normalization. They will also need to assess the reasons for missing values, determine the inclusion or exclusion of outliers, and evaluate the completeness of a data set. In addition, they require the necessary knowledge to select a suitable ML model for a specific clinical question and accurately evaluate the performance of the ML model, based on objective criteria. Domain-specific knowledge is critical in the entire workflow of developing ML models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women. Developing machine learning-based diagnosis models receives great attention from researchers and scientists using histopathology images. Deep learning (DL) algorithms automatically extract features from raw data through convolutional operations. The generalization of the DL models' results relies on large datasets, although they eliminate the expert knowledge in the feature extraction stage. This work aimed to compare the performance of the features extracted via deep learning and a knowledge-based approach in breast cancer detection from histopathology images. Cancer develops when a single or a group of cells grows and spreads uncontrollably. Histopathology images are used in cancer diagnosis since they show tissue and cell structures under a microscope. Knowledge-based and deep learning-based computer-aided detection is an ongoing research field in cancer diagnosis using histopathology images. Feature extraction is vital in both approaches since the feature set is fed to a classifier and determines the performance. This paper evaluates three feature extraction methods and their performance in breast cancer diagnosis. Features are extracted by (1) a Convolutional Neural Network, (2) a transfer learning architecture VGG16, and (3) a knowledge-based system. The feature sets are tested by seven classifiers, including Neural Network (64 units), Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Narrow Neural Network (10 units) on the BreakHis 400× image dataset. The CNN achieved up to 85% for the Neural Network and Random Forest, the VGG16 method achieved up to 86% for the Neural Network, and the knowledge-based features achieved up to 98% for Neural Network, Random Forest, Multilayer Perceptron classifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neuropsychological assessment enables clinicians to use standardised tools and systemic formulation approaches to assess cognition and provide targeted psycho-education and rehabilitative input. The research literature is currently limited regarding the perspectives of different stakeholders on the neuropsychological assessment experience, and resulting reports. Aims: This paper explores what professional stakeholders consider to be a 'good' neuropsychological assessment/what is important to them, and examines service user experiences of neuropsychological assessment within a neuropsychology outpatient service. Method: A small-scale service evaluation project comprised an online survey completed by 17 professionals who receive neuropsychological report from this service. A semi-structured schedule was used to guide telephone interviews with nine service users who had recently experienced a neuropsychological assessment. Results: Both professional stakeholder surveys and service user telephone interviews provided feedback regarding what they found helpful and unhelpful in neuropsychological assessments, and suggested areas for improvement including: provision of an information booklet, offering a choice of remote or in-person appointments, and offering follow-up appointments after the assessment. Discussion: Recommendations are made for service improvements, and for future larger-scale research projects within this subject area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]