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Emerging in 1917 amidst the anxieties of World War I, the Cult of Our Lady of Fátima began with a vision witnessed by three shepherd children in rural Portugal. News of the apparition quickly spread, drawing hundreds, then thousands of pilgrims to the Cova da Iria. This potent symbol of faith soon transcended its origin, migrating in the form of venerated statues and dedicated shrines that sprouted across the globe. Particularly intertwined with Portuguese emigration, the cult's reach extended to former colonies in Africa and Asia ("Ultramar") and distant communities like Brazil. Statues of Our Lady became beacons of familiarity and solace, offering "homes away from home" for displaced populations. This essay focuses on the discourses surrounding the cult between the early 1930s and 1950s, exploring how Fátima served as a focal point for navigating the social, political, and cultural conflicts inherent in the emigration experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores, through a close reading of newspapers and publications connected to the Portuguese libertarian movement, anarchist discourses and practices around understandings of "race" in Portugal in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A contribution is made both to studies of Lusophone anarchism as well as broader labour movement history where analyses of the interconnections between race and colonialism have been sparse. Portuguese anarchist understandings of race are placed within the context of broader ideas on internationalism within the anarchist movement, contemporary theories of the inheritance of racial characteristics and contestations against notions of nationhood and nationalism. The specific context of Portuguese colonialism and the development of anthropology in the country form the backdrop against which anarchist ideas are analysed. The article argues that while anarchism disrupted certain tropes within racial and colonialist discourse, it also reinforced some cultural categories and rigidified understandings of race, culture and social development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defence of the Portuguese colonial empire's integrity has often been signalled by historians as one of the factors which justified the declaration of war against Germany, in March 1916, and Portugal's participation in the European theatre of operations, alongside its ally, Great Britain, from early 1917 onwards. This article seeks to analyse the ways in which the outbreak of the First World War was perceived by Portugal as an opportunity to regain the country's lost international role as an imperial power, it will also examine how the conflict was experienced in Mozambique, in order to explore Portugal's role in wartime Africa. The article will conclude if the military intervention contributed, or not, to sustain the narrative of the country's imperial mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an exploratory attempt to address the colonial ambivalence implicit in contemporary moving images in the Portuguese context. The postcolonial turn that emerged in the last decades in Portugal attests to an earnest attempt to problematise the nation's postcolonial condition, which in turn derives from a long-overdue admission that our contemporary societies were built from colonial plunder. Drawing heavily on the critique of Lusophony, I argue that this postcolonial turn is also a consequence of the need to inscribe the Portuguese national narrative within an increasingly global world arising from the subordination of culture to the "laws of the market". In addition, I argue that this post-colonial approach found in Portuguese contemporary visual culture is ambivalent since it tends to ignore the problem of the legitimacy and the speaking position of the artist and/or intellectual. The legitimacy problem -- of who speaks of and about others -- is often paradoxically disregarded in contemporary audiovisual productions that address the Portuguese colonial past and its postcolonial condition. In the same way, the intrinsic relationship between visual production and knowledge is ignored, and consequently, between visual production and power. In this way, I argue that colonial ambivalence continues to pervade cultural discourses and contemporary artistic practices today, even when such practices and discourses appear to articulate a postcolonial critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the second half of the seventeenth century, Italian Capuchin missionaries who traveled to West Central Africa both colluded in and critiqued Portuguese slave trading practices. Drawing from their experience on slave galleys in the Mediterranean and their medieval Franciscan heritage, Capuchins brought earlier concepts governing enslavement to bear in Central Africa. Examining Capuchin interventions in exchanges of goods and slaves, their declamations against Portuguese warmongering, their efforts to free unjustly enslaved Africans, and the ways in which they sought to prohibit slave sales to Protestants, this article positions this group of religious agents as important mediators of struggles for empire between the Portuguese, Dutch, British, French, and Spanish in precolonial coastal Africa and as protagonists in their own right. On the basis of the Capuchins' critique of economic gain and the Kongolese embrace of Catholicism, Capuchins crafted a counter discourse that, if only partially successful, challenged emerging models of Atlantic enslavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suddenly, in the summer of 1960, the map of Africa gained a new political outline, with the proclamation of nine independences. But the majority of Luanda's newspapers appeared not to see the 'wind of change' blowing through the continent. In its pages, the news of Africa would barely mention more than the crisis in one of its neighbours, the former Belgian Congo. The analysis of the news about the proclamation of independences leads us to formulate the hypothesis that the relative invisibility of the smooth transitions and the major emphasis given to turbulent situations in the continent contributed to value the Portuguese colonial model. Crossing the analysis with research made in archive, this article also contributes to the characterisation of the Angolan daily press on the eve of the Portuguese colonial war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the reception of blood group research in Portuguese physical anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century and analyses its presence as 'sero-anthropology' within the context of the disciplinary and political dynamics of colonial and metropolitan Portugal and against the background of international developments on blood group research. It argues that Portugal, hitherto largely understudied in relation to the broader international picture, was in tune with these developments. The article argues further that Portuguese physical anthropology, particularly research based at the University of Porto, was deeply ingrained with the fear of 'contamination' of the 'race' by the colonialized 'other' and sought to differentiate the Portuguese from the peoples of Africa and the East where Portugal possessed colonies, while it also sought to place the Portuguese within the scale of racial hierarchies of 'whites' in Europe. The article elaborates on a number of central and marginal figures within Portuguese anthropology to illustrate these claims and argues that the discipline was in tune with wider European developments in the field but with specific colonialist and racialist inflections, some of which are still felt in Portuguese culture today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares Brazilian and Cuban foreign policies regarding the decolonization of Angola, Mozambique and Guinea Bissau, territories under Portuguese colonial rule during the Cold War. The presented hypothesis is that these countries sought to project themselves as third World political forces to the public opinion, elaborating official speeches that emphasized the legacies of the colonial system with slave labor as an element of connection with Africa. Additionally, it is observed that although decolonization, the Carnation Revolution (1974) and the approval of the new Portuguese Constitution (1976) changed the diplomatic relations between these countries, the remnants of colonial legacies that kept marking their tone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the nineteenth century, Portugal demanded recognition of the so-called 'historical rights of the Royal Patronage' by the Holy See as part of its missionary policy for Africa. These claims promptly led to a prolonged conflict over the action of the Propaganda Fide and Portuguese missionary achievements. While Lisbon feared the denationalization of missionary work, Rome was concerned about Portugal's internal policies on religious matters and its perceived inabilities to deal with the missionary challenges of the time, especially the Protestant competition over African hearts and minds. This text follows the discussions between Portugal and the Holy See over the missionary question, examining their confrontational and, apparently, irreconcilable positions, and the attempts made to regulate the exercise of the Royal Patronage through a concordat that became impossible to reach until the conclusion of a fragile and arguable modus vivendi concluded just before the implantation of the Republican regime in 1910. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article analyzes the criticism directed at the Portuguese colonists, which appears in the "Sermon of Saint Anthony to the Fish", considering the context in which it was produced, aiming to identify the specificities of the historical and social moment in Maranhão and Grão Pará, which region was circumscribed to the activities of Father Antonio Vieira. The sermon was made in 1654, after Padre Vieira returned to Brazil and before he went back to Portugal again to denounce the fact that the colonists were not obeying the laws of protection to the indigenous people. Based on the sermon, the article takes the position that literature uses aspects and episodes of the world in which it is produced to transfigure them and return them to the reader in the form of fiction, making them aware of the denunciations they carry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the changes made to the cartography of southern Africa between 1725 and 1749 by the French geographer Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d’Anville. The maps in question were produced in collaboration with the Portuguese ambassador Dom Luís da Cunha as part of d’Anville’s plan to demonstrate what lay between the Portuguese colonies of Angola in the west and Mozambique in the east and to establish a link across the continent. The maps he produced in the first two phases of his mapping of southern Africa (1725–1731) echoed the traditionalhorror vacui. The vast blank that appeared on his map ofAfriqueof 1749, however, has to be seen as d’Anville intended—the integration of empty space on a map with Enlightenment rationalization of geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this article is to present the challenges for Portuguese colonial policy during the First Republic (1910-26), focusing on the international pressures against the survival of the Portuguese Empire. The article is divided into three parts: in the first we outline the state of the art regarding the questions to be raised. This is followed by an analysis of Portuguese colonial policy in the post-Versailles international context, particularly Afonso Costa's negotiations for war reparations. In the third part, we examine particular aspects of the relationship between Portugal and the League of Nations in relation to colonial questions: namely, forced labour and the illicit trafficking of opium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the innovative way in which labour was regulated in Portuguese law in the second half of the 19th century in the context of the European labour movement and colonial agriculture. It focuses on the replacement of slavery by forced labour in Portugal and the overseas territories, and the steps that were taken towards a conception of free labour, outside purely civilist schemas, and the preparations for the construction of a new branch, Labour law. The historical understanding of these phenomena raises some pertinent questions, which can help clarify certain legal concepts such as 'legal subordination', 'obedience', 'management power' and 'disciplinary power'. The new law that was emerging invoked 'new' principles and concepts that require critical reflection, given their contractual configuration and proximity to forms of subjection from the previous law. However, the new regulation, which included and legitimized this subordination, also aimed to limit it and ensure the freedom of those that were contracted to obey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article present the Round Table called "The history of labor relationships in the Portuguese-speaking world (19th - 21st centuries)" comprising 6 articles which quantify, analyze and investigate labor relationships in Portugal and in Portuguese-speaking countries. The Round Table underscores how work and labor relationships were modified and adapted themselves to social, economical and political evolution in Portugal and in the Portuguese-speaking world during the last two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article revisits the long genealogy of State intervention in informal settlements and poorly built environments throughout the 20th century, in cities such as Lisbon, Porto, Rio de Janeiro, Maputo or Macau, to better frame some socio-technical complexities involved in the current project of slum rehabilitation in Cova da Moura, Lisbon. Then, it draws upon ethnographic research with experts from the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (LNEC) during a scientific assessment of informal dwellings to show that the "evaluation" of informal dwellings with a view to "reconfigure" them, is a socio-technical operation based on a "laboratorisation" of the dwelling, but one that is crucially dependent on the subjective-objective experience of experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of mathematics, particularly in Europe during the period prior to the great age of navigation, and the revolutionary influences that this knowledge provided for the expansive initiatives of the Portuguese are presented here, concluding with an analysis of the acquisition of knowledge between dominator and dominated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of the Portuguese on the Brazilian coast represented one of the most radical transferences of habitat that history has ever known: people who were first so deeply rooted started living in an unlimited space, in which rooting was nearly impossible and the relationship with "the other" was imperative. The article suggests that such an apparently simple social fact may well have had long-run consequences in Brazilian history. It may even account for some very recent features of our religious field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]