Search

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the serum level of vitamin C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis, and also to interpret whether raised or lessened serum vitamin C levels might be associated to a possibility for building oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis. Material and Methods: Investigation was conducted on diabetic subjects with and without periodontitis. The serum vitamin C level was determined using the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method, and the spectrometer was used to read the concentration of serum vitamin C. The data attained were statistically calculated using the ANOVA test and post-hoc test. Results: The findings revealed that average serum vitamin C levels were reduced considerably among test groups (groups B, C, D) (p< 0.0001) in contrary to the healthy control group. Conclusion: The existing results are proof that reduced concentration of antioxidants such as vitamin C is related to a greater threat to the increase of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Pre and post-operative nutritional status are not often tested on a consistent basis when patients are analyzed and diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) or have chronic periodontitis. Thus, this study pursues to evaluate the predictive value of serum vitamin C and lead levels in this population at baseline and after periodontal treatment. Materials and Methods: In an interventional study setting we enrolled 120 subjects which were later categorized into four sub-groups: set 1 - individuals with chronic periodontitis, set 2 - individuals with T2DM, set 3 - individuals with T2DM and chronic periodontitis respectively set 4 - healthy individuals as control group. Scaling and root planing was performed only to individuals with periodontitis and T2DM. At baseline and 21 days after periodontitis treatment blood was obtained from the subjects and analysis of serum vitamin C and serum lead was done and data obtained was statisticaly analysed. Results: ANOVA test showed baseline values of both the parameters to be statistically significant different between groups and within groups (p<0.001). Alteration was seen in the parameters postoperatively regarding serum vitamin C was increased and lead level decreased; paired t-test showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: Serum Vitamin C can be considered a key biomarker. Increased lead level can be a risk factor for commencement and progression of T2DM and chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory conditions resulting from interaction between a pathogenic bacterial biofilm and susceptible host's inflammatory response eventually leading to the destruction of periodontal structures and subsequent tooth loss. Hence, investigation of salivary proteins in individuals with periodontal diseases may be useful to enhance the knowledge of their roles in these diseases. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. The study comprised of 90 patients of age between 25-60 years who were clinically examined and divided into three groups of 30 each: namely clinically healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. These were classified according to the values of gingival index score, clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth. Unstimulated saliva was collected and salivary mucin, amylase and total protein levels were determined. Statistical analysis: Results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and Karl pearson's correlation test. Results: The results of the study showed an increased concentration of salivary mucin, amylase and total protein in gingivitis patients and increased levels of amylase and total protein in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals which were statistically significant. Adecrease in mucin concentration was observed in the periodontitis group compared to gingivitis group. A positive correlation was present between salivary mucin, amylase and total protein levels in the three groups. Conclusion: Salivary mucin, amylase and total protein may serve as an important biochemical parameter of inflammation of the periodontium. Also, it can be hypothesized that various enzyme inhibitors might be useful as a part of host modulation therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth wear (attrition, erosion and abrasion) is perceived internationally as a growing problem .The loss of tooth substance at the cemento- enamel junction because of causes other than dental caries has been identified as non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) or cervical wear. NCCLs can lead to hypersensitivity, plaque retention, pulpal involvement, root fracture and aesthetic problems. Hence study was done to evaluate association of cervical wear with occlusal wear from clinical periodontal prospective in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal parameters like plaque index, gingival index, gingival recession and tooth mobility were assessed .The levels of cervical wear and occlusal wear were determined according to tooth wear index. Premolars were more likely to develop cervical wear than anterior teeth (incisors, canines) and molars. In conclusion, the significant association of cervical wear with the periodontal status suggested the role of abrasion and its possible combined action of erosion in the etiology of NCCLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Periodontal disease is one of the common inflammatory diseases with complex etiology and is multifactorial in origin. Several enzymes are evaluated for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease. The enzyme ALP plays a role in bone metabolism. In the periodontium, ALP is very important enzyme as it is part of normal turnover of periodontal ligament, root cementum, and bone homeostasis. The deficiency of estrogen in women at menopause is contributing factor to osteoporosis and considered one of the risk factors for periodontal disease. It has been hypothesized that osteoporosis decreases alveolar bone density and in turn increases its susceptibility to resorption due to periodontal inflammation. Accelerated bone loss in menopause is related to increased bone turnover. This is accompanied by increased levels of biochemical markers such as Alkaline Phosphatase. Alteration in salivary Alkaline Phosphatase levels might be expected as an indication of periodontal disease activity. Methods: The study included 40 subjects, 20 in each group in the age group of 50-60 years. Group 1 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women without chronic periodontitis. Group 2 comprised of 20 Postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis. Each saliva sample was estimated for ALP levels. Results: The present study showed significant increase in Alkaline Phosphatase in postmenopausal women with periodontitis (Group 2) with p value <0.0001. Interpretation and conclusion: Alkaline phosphatase can be used as a diagnostic marker of Periodontitis in postmenopausal women. However ALP cannot be solely responsible for Periodontitis but it can be used as a additional aid in diagnosing Periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Furcation regions present some of the most significant challenges to the successful outcome of periodontal therapy. Due to their anatomical complexities, the areas become inaccessible, and instrumentation is generally tricky and often incomplete. Hence, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of molar anatomy to assess the case difficulty, appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning. Aim: To radiographically evaluate and classify the furcation anatomy of mandibular first and second molars based on root trunk length and root divergence angle. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental sciences, Mangalore between February and March 2020. Orthopantomograms (OPG) with permanent healthy first (25 right and 25 left) and second mandibular molars (25 right and 25 left) with no alveolar bone loss obtained from systemically healthy individuals were selected for the study. They were screened for root divergence angle and root length to root trunk length ratio. According to the root divergence angle, the total sample was classified as Group I (with angle <30°), Group II (with angle 30°to 60°), Group III (with angle >60°). They were classified into Type A, B, and C based on Hou and Tsai classification. Type A root trunks involving the cervical third or less, Type B involves upto cervical half of the length of the root and Type C involves cervical two-thirds of the root, respectively. The data were collected and entered in the Microsoft Excel sheet. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for root divergence. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Student t-test was used to compare intragroup variations in root divergence in the left and right molars. The p<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Total 100 teeth (50 mandibular first molar (25 left and 25 right) and 50 mandibular second molars (25 left and 25 right)) were included in the study and analysed. In terms of Furcation Angle (FA), mandibular left first molar showed an increased frequency of Group II (48%) and Group III (48%), while mandibular left second molar showed an increased frequency of Group II (68%). Among mandibular right first molar Group III (56%) showed an increased frequency, while Group II (92%) was commonly seen in right second molar. Intergroup comparison revealed a statistically significant difference in divergence between mandibular left first and second molars (36 and 37) p<0.01, mandibular right first and second molars (46 and 47) (p<0.01). Divergence of furcation was more significant in 36 and 46 than 37 and 47, respectively. The current study results showed a higher frequency of Type A in all the four involved teeth, i.e., left first (96%) and second (68%) molars, right first (92%) and second (88%) molars. Conclusion: The study results showed an increased frequency of Group II FA and Type A root trunks. The divergence of furcation was greater in first molars compared to the second molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]