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SUMMARY On 2005 February 22, the Dahuiyeh-Zarand earthquake, Mw 6.5, struck one of the most seismically active regions in south-central Iran, east of Zarand City in Kerman province, causing more than 500 fatalities. The causative fault of the 2005 Dahuiyeh-Zarand earthquake, a reverse fault, striking nearly EW and dipping to the north, was located within a mountainous region and therefore more difficult to identify compared to the range-bounded faults. Its identification, after the 2005 event, is very important for both the estimation of seismic hazard as well as for the damage and fatality functions. We have inverted six three-component near-field strong motion waveforms to obtain the complete earthquake rupture history and slip distribution. Accelerograms are bandpass filtered with 0.2-1.0 Hz, and a length of 15-17 s of the waveforms is inverted. The lack of absolute timing has been successfully overcome by estimating, from the velocity model of the region, the propagation of P and S waves from the epicentre to the stations. The final fault slip model and the estimated source parameters are able to explain the observed waveforms. The rupture is found to be bilateral with a maximum slip of 2.4 m concentrated on two asperities in the west and east sides of the nucleation point at depths of 6-12 km. The western asperity is located to the east of Zarand City and beneath the Dahuiyeh village, which might explain why the Dahuiyeh village was totally destroyed by this earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a mathematical model was used for estimating the total (global) solar radiation on an inclined surface faced to the south, and to determine the optimum slope angle for the solar collectors in a hot and dry part of Iran, based on the experimental data for a horizontal surface. The monthly, seasonal and yearly optimum slope angles were found. The gains in the solar radiation were calculated with respect to a solar collector inclined at the local latitude. The results showed that the yearly optimum slope angle for each city is close to the local latitude. The results also indicated that changing the monthly and seasonal slope angles causes us to achieve a significant yearly gain in the solar radiation for the region under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Growing energy demand of the world, made the major oil and gas exporting countries to have critical role in the energy supply. The geostrategic situation of Iran and its access to the huge hydrocarbon resources placed the country among important areas and resulted in the investment development of oil and gas industry. In this study, a novel approach for oil consumption modeling is presented. Three demand estimation models are developed to forecast oil consumption based on socio-economic indicators using GSA (Gravitational Search Algorithm). In first model (PGIE) oil consumption is estimated based on population, GDP, import and export. In second model (PGML) population, GDP, export minus import, and number of LDVs (light-duty vehicles) are used to forecast oil consumption and in third one (PGMH) population, GDP, export minus import, and number of HDVs (heavy-duty vehicles) are used to estimate oil consumption. Linear and non-linear forms of equations are developed for each model. In order to show the accuracy of the algorithm, a comparison is made with the GA (Genetic Algorithm) and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) estimation models which are developed for the same problem. Oil demand in Iran is forecasted up to year 2030. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: PSO (particle swarm optimization) technique is applied to estimate monthly average daily GSR (global solar radiation) on horizontal surface for different regions of Iran. To achieve this, five new models were developed as well as six models were chosen from the literature. First, for each city, the empirical coefficients for all models were separately determined using PSO technique. The results indicate that new models which are presented in this study have better performance than existing models in the literature for 10 cities from 17 considered cities in this study. It is also shown that the empirical coefficients found for a given latitude can be generalized to estimate solar radiation in cities at similar latitude. Some case studies are presented to demonstrate this generalization with the result showing good agreement with the measurements. More importantly, these case studies further validate the models developed, and demonstrate the general applicability of the models developed. Finally, the obtained results of PSO technique were compared with the obtained results of SRTs (statistical regression techniques) on Angstrom model for all 17 cities. The results showed that obtained empirical coefficients for Angstrom model based on PSO have more accuracy than SRTs for all 17 cities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents application of PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) and GA (Genetic Algorithm) techniques to estimate oil demand in Iran, based on socio-economic indicators. The models are developed in two forms (exponential and linear) and applied to forecast oil demand in Iran. PSO–DEM and GA–DEM (PSO and GA demand estimation models) are developed to estimate the future oil demand values based on population, GDP (gross domestic product), import and export data. Oil consumption in Iran from 1981 to 2005 is considered as the case of this study. The available data is partly used for finding the optimal, or near optimal values of the weighting parameters (1981–1999) and partly for testing the models (2000–2005). For the best results of GA, the average relative errors on testing data were 2.83% and 1.72% for GA–DEMexponential and GA–DEMlinear, respectively. The corresponding values for PSO were 1.40% and 1.36% for PSO–DEMexponential and PSO–DEMlinear, respectively. Oil demand in Iran is forecasted up to year 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By two relations belonging to (ϵ) and quasi-coincidence (q) between fuzzy points and fuzzy sets, we define the concept of (α, β)-fuzzy subalgebras where α, β are any two of {ϵ, q, ϵ Vq, ϵ Λq} with α ≠ϵ Λq. We state and prove some theorems in (α, β)-fuzzy BF-algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]